Men’s Health-Prostate and Colorectal Cancer

2010

Cancer Prevention

How to reduce cancer risk and prevent cancers

• Health Education

• Individuals living health lifestyles

• Routine screening for early detection

• Involve the community to promote healthy lifestyles

Healthy Lifestyles

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Be physically active everyday

• Don’t smoke

• Eat healthy foods

Don’t Smoke

Healthy Lifestyles

• Limit alcohol consumption

• Protect yourself from the sun

• Protect yourself and your partner from sexually transmitted diseases

Eat Healthy

Men’s Health

Cancer Screening

• Yearly exams over the age of 40

• PSA- Prostate Specific Antigen- blood test

• DRE- Digital Rectal Exam – provider checks the prostate by feeling the gland

• FOBT- Fecal Occult Blood Test- 3 day take home kit to check stool for blood

• Cholesterol or Lipid profile-blood test

Men’s Health

• Fasting Blood Sugar – blood test

• EKG- Electrocardiogram to check heart

• Vaccinations – update tetanus, influenza

• STD- Sexually Transmitted Disease

Cancer Data

• Cancer is the second leading cause of death for the Northern Plains American Indians

• Cancer rates in American Indians are on the increase

• Patterns of cancer differ in different geographic locations

Leading Cancer Sites

Northern Plains American Indians

Men:

1. Prostate

2. Lung

3. Colon and Rectum

Leading Cancer Sites

Women:

1. Breast

2. Lung

3. Colon and Rectum

Cancer Survival

American Indians the lowest five year survival rates of all the US population.

Cancer Survival

Why:

Late detection of cancer

Genetic risk factors

Other diseases such as diabetes

Lack of timely access to state of the art diagnostic treatment

Cancer Survival

Barriers to care

• Poverty

• Transportation

• Cultural beliefs

Cancer Survival

Improve Survival by

• Healthy lifestyles

• Increasing participation in regular screening and early detection

• Reducing barriers to care

What is Cancer?

Cancer refers to more than 100 different diseases that begin in the cells which are the body’s basic unit of life.

Tumors

• Benign or Malignant

Benign tumors are NOT cancerous – they do not spread to other parts of the body and are not a threat to life

Tumors

Malignant tumors are cancer

• The cells in these tumors grow without control and can invade other parts of the body

• When cancer cells spread this is called metastasis

Cancer Types

Five Main Groups

• Carcinomas- 80 to 90 percent of all cancers- they begin in the skin or tissues that line the internal organs

• Sarcomas- start in the bones, fat, muscle, joint, nerve, blood vessel or deep skin tissues

Cancer Types

• Lymphomas- cancers that start in the lymph nodes – the tissues of the body’s immune system.

• Leukemias are cancers of the white blood cells

• Myelomas are cancers that start in the plasma cells found in the bone marrow

Cancer Prevention

Risk Factors

• Conditions that increase the chance that cancer may occur

Risk Factors

Heredity

• Genes that are passed from parent to child

Lifestyle

• Some cancers are related to how we live

Environment

• Some cancers are related to where we work and live

Risk Factors

One third of all cancers diagnosed in 2001

were related to nutrition, physical activity

and other lifestyle changes.

About 30% of all cancers deaths were related to commercial tobacco use

Risk factors

Northern Plains American Indians

• Tobacco use rates are double the rates of the national average of 20.5%

Screening

• Checking for cancer in a person who does not have any symptoms

• A symptom is a sign that is not right in the body and does not always indicate cancer

• Someone with cancer may not have any symptoms

Men’s Health Days

Early Detection

The goal of early detection is

• Discover and stop a cancerous growth before it grows and spreads

• Be aware of your body

Cancer Screening and Early Detection

See your provider if you have:

• Unexplained weight loss• Fever• Fatigue• Pain

Cancer Screening and Early Detection

See your provider if you have the following:

• Unusual bleeding or discharge

• A sore that doesn’t heal

• Nagging cough or hoarseness

Cancer Screening and Early Detection

• Recent changes in wart or mole

• Thickening lump or swelling in the breast or any other part of the body

• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

Screening Tests

The following are screening tests for common types of cancers:

• Colon- FOBT- Fecal Occult Blood Test

Colonoscopy, Flexible sigmoidoscopy

• Prostate- PSA- Prostate Specific Antigen

DRE- Digital Rectal Exam

• Informed Decision Making

Screening Tests

• Breast- Mammogram and clinical breast examination

• Cervix- pap smear

Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines

Men and Women over the age of 50 should have one or a combination of :

• FOBT- yearly

• Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years

• Colonoscopy every 10 years

The colon

Normal Colon

Colon Cancer

FOBT

FOBT is a test that detects invisible blood in the stool.

A 3 day take home kit is given

Follow the instructions of preparation and collection – there may be certain foods that you can’t eat before collection.

FOBT

Men and Women should do this test yearly.

Kits are given at both the Men’s Health days and Women’s Way days

If you see your provider other than the health days– ask them about this test.

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

This test is done with a lighted tube by a trained provider

This flexible tube looks at the inside of part of your rectum and colon – the lower part of your colon

Biopsies or pieces of tissue can be done if the provider feels necessary

Colonoscopy

This is a long flexible lighted tube that looks at your entire colon.

This is done by a trained provider and takes about 30 minutes to 2 hours

If polyps are found they can be removed

Colonoscopy

This procedure is done with a sedative

There is a preparation that needs to be done the day prior to clean out the colon

This should be done every 10 years

Prostate Cancer Screening

PSA- Prostate Specific Antigen

PSA is a blood test that checks for a protein that can be produced by the prostate gland

Prostate Cancer Screening

It is normal for men to have a small amount of PSA but when it is a large amount is may be a sign of cancer or another problem

Discuss options of screeening with your provider

Prostate

Prostate Cancer Screening

An important part of the prostate cancer screening is the DRE- Digital Rectal Examination

The provider feels the prostate with a finger through the rectum to check for lumps and abnormalities of the prostate

DRE

Barriers to cancer screening

Barriers include:

• Transportation issues

• Complicated health systems

• Fear of cancer

• Lack of knowledge

• Modesty

• Communication issues

In Summary

You now have an understanding of

• Facts that contribute to poor survival for American Indians

• Factors that are likely to improve cancer survival for American Indians

In Summary

You have an understanding of

• The meaning of the word cancer

• The difference between benign and malignant

• The different types of cancer

In Summary

You now have the understanding of

• Cancer risk factors

• How to reduce risks associated with cancer

• The importance of cancer screening

In Summary

• The different screening tests that are recommended

• Barriers to cancer screening

Questions????