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MEMS in the Market – Design and Market AnalysisMEMS in the Market – Design and Market AnalysisRyan Dempsey, Peter Shanahan, John Richardson, Rachel Weaver, Charles Bloom
Advisors: Franz Baudenbacher, Ph.D.1; Raghav Venkataraman; Paul King, Ph.D.1
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
Background
BioMEMS Cell Culture
Device Fabrication
Release and Bind
GLASS
PDMS
PDMS Casting and Curing
PDMS
SILICON
Exposed and Developed Photoresist
SILICON
Spin Photoresist onto Silicon Wafer
SILICON
PHOTORESIST
Device Testing
Market Barriers
• The NPV of our project is $6,612,618 for the period between 2001 and 2010.• Therefore, we should accept the project because it is profitable.
Project Valuation New, Aftermarket, and Total Unit Sales
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
An
nu
al
Sa
les
(u
nit
s)
New Unit Sales
Aftermarket Sales
Total Unit Sales
Annual Net Cash Flow
($2,000,000)
$0
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
$12,000,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Ne
t C
as
h F
low
Objectives
Future Directions
Market & Demand
Cost Savings
• The market for our BioMEMS device includes companies involved in one of two related industries: (1) major drug manufacturing, and (2) drug delivery.
• Major pharmaceutical companies spend an average of $802 million and 10 to 15 years researching and developing a drug to come to the market
• The following is a list of our device’s primary design innovation factors that improve on the most current designs:• Circular wells to allow user-friendly
cell insertion and perfusion • Dual-chambers to allow
independent experiments on a single chip
• Disposable and low per-unit cost• Unit cost of our device is
approximately $3 per chip (beginning in 2008).
• The market potential for lab-on-chip (LOC) devices used in drug development and delivery is massive!
United States Microfluidics/LOC revenue forecasts 2004-2012
Current MethodEstablish screening goal of 100 active compounds.
Order any 100,000 compounds.(Internal inventory or vendor.)
Screen 100,000 compounds to identify active compounds.
Expect 100 hits with present hit rate of 0.001.(100,000 compounds) x (.001) = 100 hits
CURRENT HTS COSTS FOR THIS ASSAY:(# of compounds screened) x (cost per compound)
= 100,000 x $1.50 = $150,000
Total cost: $150,000Number of Hits: 100
Order any 10,000 compounds.(Internal inventory or vendor.)
Screen 10,000 compounds to identify active compounds.
Our BioMEMS DeviceEstablish screening goal of 100 active compounds.
Expect 100 hits with present hit rate of 0.01.(10,000 compounds) x (.01) = 100 hits
ASSAY COSTS USING OUR DEVICE:(# of compounds screened) x (cost per compound)
= 10,000 x $5.00 = $50,000
Total cost: $50,000Number of Hits: 100
Total cost using current HTS method = $ 150,000Total cost using our bioMEMS device = $ 50,000
TOTAL SAVINGS FOR ONE ASSAY = $ 100,000
• The most significant barriers to market entry include:• Interfacing concerns: nano- versus macro-• Lack of silicon flexibility • Replacing old systems with new
technologies• Lack of BioMEMS technological standard• Government regulation (Class I device)
Our device increases cost savings by…• Increasing the hit rate of discovered
compounds• Reducing # of ordered compounds for
testing• Reducing reagent cost
Our device has great potential in the market Market share is anyone’s “game” Cell-scaled beads can correctly perfuse The future of our device’s design will be in bio-sensing. We can now pass our project on to future design groups to add bio-sensors to our
design
Corporate Environment
• The market is young and fragmented • The top five companies account for approximately 48% of the total LOC market in 2004. • Caliper, Cephoid, Agilent, Combimatrix, and Nanogen Inc.• Initially, our forecast market share = 1%
Company LOC Device Name(s) Market Share
Public/Private
Caliper Life Sciences
LabChip 17% Public
Cepheid SmartCycler; GeneXpert 10% Private
Agilent Technologies
HPLC Chip; 2100 Bioanalyzer; 5100 Automated LOC
9% Public
CombiMatrix Corp.
CustomArray 7% Public
Nanogen, Inc. NanoChip 5% Public
1.Technology• Design and fabricate dual cell culture micro-electro-mechanical system
(MEMS) device in order to allow for multiple experiments on single chip• Design enclosure in order to allow gas permeability to simulate in-vivo
environment• Design the device to be capable of allowing both nutrient and drug perfusion
via different pathways in order to provide drug testing capabilities• Design device with pneumatic valves in order to prevent cellular relocation• Device should hold pico-liter volumes and have channel diameters >30
microns• Design device to be low cost and disposable
2.Business• To create a business proposal in order to market our technology to venture
capitalists
Large scale bioreactor for experimenation
Micro-sized BioMEMS device for experimentation
Courtesy of Raghav Venkataraman
Advantages over conventional Petri dish• Higher cell-to-volume ratio• MEMS devices can have on-chip sensors unlike Petri dishes• Allows detection of cell metabolism changes more accurately due to more
sensitive detectors for smaller concentration changes
Advantages over conventional bioreactors• Conventional bioreactors require large amounts of physical laboratory space
which MEMS devices do not• Substantially lower cost• Reduced experimentation setup time • Reduced sensing time of metabolic activity from smaller volumes
• Spin SU-8 photoresist onto silicon wafer• Pre-Bake SU-8• Expose using mask below with UV light• “Post-Exposure” bake• Develop SU-8 photoresist• Hard Bake• Cast and cure PDMS on master• Remove PDMS device from master• Bind upper pneumatic PDMS layer to
lower cell culture PDMS layer using bake• Punch insertion holes for fluidics
channels in PDMS device• Seal entire PDMS device to glass slide
using plasma oxidation
AutoCad drawings of actual masks used for fabrication with the device on left and pneumatic valves on right.
• Biological MicroElectroMechanical Systems (BioMEMS)
• MEMS devices are micro-sized devices used in a wide variety of applications from automobiles to cell culturing in order to provide sensor and cultures at a reduced size
• Bio-MEMS devices are designed to use very small volumes which translates to significantly fewer supplies for experimentation
• The significantly fewer supplies and the low cost of actual devices has potential to substantially cut costs
Micro-beads• A diluted solution of beads was mixed using
water• The solution was then drawn into a syringe• The syringe was connected to plastic tubing
lines which were then connected to the device inlet ports
• Following this the bead solution was run through the device in order to check for structural integrity and to assure that none of the fluidic lines were sealed to the underlying glass slide
Image of beads flowing through device taken through Zeiss microscope and digital camera
Device Dimensions
• Integration of multiple sensors to the cell culture area for rigorous analysis of cell metabolism and reaction to drug• Oxygen sensor• pH sensor• CO2 sensor• Lactate sensor• Glucose sensor
Schematic above shows future direction of device.Courtesy of Dr. Baudenbacher
• Cell culture = 600 x 600 um• Perfusion channels
• Maximum = 200 microns• Minimum = 100 microns
Current drug development costs
Markets for microfluidic devices