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Member Briefing - JAPAN
JRAIA The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association
October 28, 2013 Osami Kataoka
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CONTENTS
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■ Domestic Shipments
■ Top 5 Priority Issues
■ The Revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery and Destruction Law
■ IPCC 5th Assessment Report
■ Review of R32 Refrigerant
■ Candidates for the Next Generation Refrigerants
■ Research for risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants
■ Kobe Symposium 2014
Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
Residential Air Conditioners
3
Residential heat-pump storage water heaters
Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
4
Commercial Air Conditioners
Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
5
Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
Commercial Refrigerators/Air Conditioners
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Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
Centrifugal Chillers
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Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
Absorption Chillers
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Future Industry Trends – Domestic Shipments
Gas-engine driven Heat-pump Air Conditioners
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Top 5 Priority Issues 1 Choice of the next generation refrigerants alternative to HFCs Handling of mildly flammable refrigerants Concern about acceptance of HC refrigerants in developing countries Top concern about resulting in different refrigerants country by country, as the industry 2 Revision of the EU F-gas Regulation Will it be the technologically possible and realistic regulation ? 3 Proposal of HFCs phase-down made by North America in MOP Is it possible to get the consent of China and India ? Are there scientific grounds ? 4 Rapidly increasing refrigeration and air conditioning market Is it possible to solve electricity supply issue ? 5 Contents of the Revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery and Destruction Law
The revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery & Destruction Law (The rational use and appropriate management of Fluorocarbons)
Come into force on 1st April 2015
Overview of the Law 1 Set the specified product category and require regular leakage check of
those equipment. 2 Set the target year to switch to Low GWP refrigerants in the specified
product category and make switching mandatory. (Set the quantitative target of CO2-eq by index of environmental impact
including safety, energy and economical efficiency) 3 Promote the reuse of recovered refrigerants. (introduce the registration program for reclamation firm to ensure the
quality of reclaimed refrigerants)
Detailed rules are under consideration and will be determined by next summer.
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4 Introduce qualification program for technicians carrying out the regular leakage check.
・Nobody other than qualified technicians may carry out the regular check laid down in the law.
・keep a record of the regular check.
5 Control repeated refrigerant charge ・ Equipment from which refrigerant leakage has been detected shall be
repaired immediately. ・ Repeated charge to the equipment shall be controlled.
6 Require a report of the leakage amount ・ Undertakings who have refrigerant leakage more than a certain level
shall report to a government. Undertakings having high leakage amount may be made public. (Recharged refrigerant amount is considered as leakage.)
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13
100%
20
60
40
80
2010 2025 2020 2015
Draft Phase-down Target of HFCs Consumption
IPCC 5th Assessment Report • The details of the IPCC 5th report of WG I was disclosed on
30 September 2013. • Chapter 8 of it discusses artificial gases like HFC and
employs “The Global Temperature change Potential (GTP)” as a new index of climate impact of them.
• GWP is relative value of ability to absorb infrared. GTP is relative value of potential to increase average global temperature.
• As global temperature response is not linear to infrared absorption, GTP values differ significantly from GWP values especially short life substances.
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• GWP is relative value of ability to absorb infrared.
• GTP is relative value of potential to increase average global temp. of certain years later.
• Average Global temp. rise requires
increment in deep sea temp. • Effect of short life substance will
disappear 50 or 100 years later.
GWP and GTP
Warming Impact
Temperature rise
Adverse Effect
Difference of GWP and GTP
Layer of Climate Change issue
Precise
Less Precise
Cause
Result
GWP
GTP
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GWP and GTP Values of AR5 Lifetime (Years) GWP100 GTP100 Note
CO2 Complicated 1 1
R23 222 12400 12700
R32 5.2 677 94
R134a 13.4 1300 201
R125 28.2 3170 967
R143a 47.1 4800 2500
R1234yf 10.5 days 0 0
R1234ze 16.4 days 1 0
HCFC22 11.9 1760 262
CFC12 100 10200 8450
PFC14 50000 6630 8040
SF6 3200 23500 28200 16
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
410A
410A H
CO2
R290 (sec)
32
32/1234
1234yf
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
410A
410A H
CO2
R290 (sec)
32
32/1234
1234yf
GTP Base LCTP ?
GWP Base LCCP
Estimated LCTP and LCCP • LCCP has been used to evaluate direct and indirect
impacts, but it is evaluation of infrared absorption. • Temperature impact base evaluation is compared with
conventional LCCP here. Name of such evaluation is not known yet.
Leak
End of life release
Power consumption
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• Characteristics of R32 is remarkably superior and its efficiency is very high. • Supplying capacity and cost efficiency are also superior. • Though GWP of R32 is 675, one-third of R410’s, it is still high compared to R1234yf, R1234yf-MIX and other natural refrigerants. • There is a risk of moderate flammability. • Temperature of discharge gas is high. • Risk assessment of moderate flammability is in progress.
Review of R32
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1810 2027
675
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
100 97 70
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1810 1960
472 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
GWP (4th IPCC report) Charge amount %
R32 is possible to achieve 75% reduction of global warming impact at maximum.
CO2-Kg/Kg Kg/unit ratio CO2-Kg/unit ratio
Refrigerant Refrigeration Effect (kJ/kg)
Required amount %
R22 141.7 96%
R410A 136.7 100%
R32 219.8 62%
Comprehensive Global Warming Impact
Comparison of Global Warming Impact among R22, R410A and R32
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Launch of Residential AC with R32
2.2-2.5 kW
Indoor Unit Outdoor Unit
2.8-7.1kW
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About 800 thousand units using R32 as refrigerant have been sold in domestic market. Daikin, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, Hitachi and Fujitsu General come to market with R32 air-conditioners.
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High temp.
Mid. Temp.
Low temp.
Residential A/C R410A ▼ R32/etc
Automobile A/C R134a ▼ R1234yf
PAC (shops) R410A,R407C ▼
Multi A/C Bldg. R410A,R407C ▼ ―
Screw, Chiller R410A、R134a ▼ R1234ze/etc
Centrifugal R134a、R123 ▼ R1234ze/etc
R410A ▼ CO2
Home refrigerator R134a ▼ HC
R404A ▼ R410A,CO2/etc
Refrigerated warehouse R22 ▼ NH3、NH3/CO2
Ultra-low temp. equipment R22/R23 ▼ ―(Air)/etc
100KW 1KW 10KW 1000KW Capacity
Residential HP water heater
Commercial refrigerated cabinet
Candidates for the next generation refrigerants by applications
▼ CO2 /etc
Commercial HP water heater
0℃
(refrigerant management)
R32/etc
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SANDEN CO2 vending machines
TOYO Engineering Works CO2/NH3 Secondary Refrigerant Circulation
System
Example of Alternative Refrigerant Technology
MAYEKAWA Air Refrigeration System ultra-low temperature (-50℃-100℃)
Panasonic CO2 Refrigeration Showcase
Issues of Natural Refrigerant ・Safety (Flammability ,Toxic) ・Performance (Low energy efficiency) ・Economy (production cost) ・Some products are already on the market, But they are not yet popular because of many challenges ・There is no suitable natural refrigerant in Air-conditioner use
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Industry Research - Japan Research committee for risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants • Objective: Risk and Performance Assessment • Scope: A2L Refrigerants • Timeframe: 2011 to 2014 • Research being conducted by: Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers (JSRAE). • Funded by: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization/Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (NEDO/METI) • Results Public: 2012 progress report is available on
www.jsrae.or.jp/info/2012progress_report_e.pdf. • Related reports will be presented in Kobe Symposium 2014.
A new NEDO project concerning the performance and safety of new refrigerants began in 2011. The JRAIA has been begun the risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants from three years ago. A research committee started under the JSRAE to exchange information.
KOBE Symposium 2014
November 20 -21, 2014
• Venue: International Conference Center Kobe • Organizer: JRAIA • Supported: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Kobe City
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THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on NEW REFRIGERANTS and ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014
KOBE Symposium 2014
Technical Sessions ・ Environment Issue ・ New Refrigerants and Their System ・ Safety Analyses of 2L refrigerants ・ Compressors and Lubricants ・ Energy Conservation ・ Energy Management System (EMS) ・ Desiccant Air- conditioning System 26
THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM on NEW REFRIGERANTS and ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014
Thank you for your attention!
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