Upload
meljun-cortes-mbampa
View
221
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 1/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
What is ICT (Information Communication Technology)?ICT ± is the term used to describe the convergence of Information Technology
telecommunications and Data Networking Technologies into singleTechnology.
ICT ± is the fusion of computers & Telecommunications. Computers
enable people to work creatively.
ICT ± is practically the catch-all phrase used to describe a rangeof technologies that enable society to create, collect, consolidate,communicate, manage and process information inmultimedia and various digital formats for different purposes
example:computersCD-ROMCable TVCellular phonesInternet
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 2/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
What is a Computer?What is a Computer?
Computers are not very intelligent devices, but
they handle instructions flawlessly and fast.They must follow explicit directions from both
the user and computer programmer.
Computers are really nothing more than a very
powerful calculator with some greataccessories. Applications like word processing
and games are just a very complex math
problem.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 3/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM- is made up of 6 parts:
1.) HARDWAREHARDWARE2.) SOFTWARESOFTWARE3.) DATA/INFORMATIONDATA/INFORMATION4.) PROCEDURESPROCEDURES5.) PEOPLEPEOPLE6.) COMMUNICATIONS (Connectivity)COMMUNICATIONS (Connectivity)
- its purpose is to transforms raw DATADATA--inputinput touseful & meaningful INFORMATIONINFORMATION--outputoutput.
COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 4/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Hardware ComponentsHardware Components
Input Devices -- "How to tell it what to do" - A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact withthe computer. Other devices include joysticks and game padsused primarly for games.Output Devices -- "How it shows you what it is doing" - The monitor (the screen) is how the computer sendsinformation back to you, whether it be surfing the web orwriting a memo. A printer is also an output device.Storage Devices -- "How it saves data and programs" -Hard disk drives are an internal, higher capacity drive whichalso stores the operating system which runs when you poweron the computer.
³Floppy" disk drives allow you to save work onsmall disks and take the data with you.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 5/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Memory -- "How the processor stores and uses immediate data"
- When you use a program, the computer loads a portion of
the program from the hard drive to the much faster memory
(RAM). When you "save" your work or quit the program, thedata gets written back to the hard drive.
Microprocessors -- "The brain of the computer"
PCs primarily use microprocessors (sometimes called the chip)manufactured by Intel. The older Intel versions include the 386,486 and now the Pentium line.- Macintoshes use PowerPC processors by Motorola.- Megahertz (MHz) is the internal processor speed in whichcomputer instructions are performed. The MHz speed does notalways indicate the power of the microprocessor. Newerprocessors can execute more instructions at the same or slowerMHz. For example, an Intel 486 @100MHz is less powerful than a
Pentium @75 MHz (but the MHz is "faster").
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 6/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Hardware Accessories
Modems- Modems allow you to communicate with other computers using a phoneline. Modem speeds are in bits per second (14.4, 28.8 and 56 thousandbits per second are standard).
CD-ROM Drives- A CD-ROM drive is a high capacity storage device which lets you readdata from the disk, but not write data back. The speed of the drive (howfast the CD platter spins) is measured in multiples from the firstgeneration drives. New drives are up to 24X (or 24 times the first drives),but while the CD spins faster, it is not really 24 times faster in actual
output.Printers-There are different types of printers (laser, ink jet, dot matrix) withdiffering quality of output. They are measured in dpi (dots per inch) andppm (pages per minute), the higher the better.Scanners
- Scanners "digitize" printed material (like photos and graphics) and saveit to a graphic file format (like .GIF or .JPG) for display on the computer.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 7/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Operating System SoftwareOperating system software provides a "userinterface" for users to manage files, startprograms, customize computer settings, andother tasks. The operating system also providesthe fundamental core computer functionality for
programmers.
Intel based PCs use Microsoft Windows version3.1 (older) or Windows 95 as the operatingsystem. Macintoshes use the Macintosh operatingsystem.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 8/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Computer Components· Monitor· Keyboard
· Mouse· Floppy Disk (A: drive)· CD ROM· Hard Disk (C: drive)· Printer· Speakers and Headphones· Central Processing Unit (CPU)
. Hardware· Read-Only Memory (ROM)· Random Access Memory (RAM)· Operating System· Wind ows· windows
. Floppy Disks· CD ROMs· Other CDs· Storage Device Organization
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 9/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Monitor- Video Display
The monitor displays the text and graphics generated by the computer.
In
putDevice
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 10/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
KeyboardThe keyboard allows you to enter information into your
computer. It is similar to a typewriter but has somedifferent keys that perform special functions.
Input
Device
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 11/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
MouseThe mouse is a pointing device that allows you to selectand manipulate objects you see on your monitor.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 12/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Floppy Disk (A: drive)Floppy disks go in the A: drive of your computer. They are removablestorage on which your computer can read or write files.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 13/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
CD-ROM (D: drive)The CD-ROM disks are inserted into your system's D: drive. They can
store much more information than a floppy disk, but your computer cannot
write to them. This is because they are Read-Only Memory (ROM
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 14/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Hard Disk (C: drive)The hard disk is located inside the CPU and is similar to a floppy disk. Theonly differences are it cannot be removed, can store more data or files, andcontains important files or programs.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 15/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
PrinterThe printer prints text and pictures you create on your machine.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 16/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Speakers or headphonesThe headphones and speakers allow the user to hear the audioportion of a program
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 17/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Central Processing Unit (CPU)The unit houses the brain of your computer, including the memory, power
supply, and central processor. All other components are considered
peripheral.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 18/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGYHardware
Hardware is the tangible computer equipment such as a CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.Software
Software is the computer programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the function of the
hardware, such as Windows, Word, Excel, etc.
Memory
Memory is the internal storage areas in the computer. The term identifies data storage that comes in
the form of chips, and the word storage is used for the memory that exists on tapes or disks.
Moreover, the term memory is usually used as shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the
actual chips capable of holding data. Therefore, memory is both hardware and software.Read-Only Memory (ROM)
ROM is computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written on a
ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. ROM retains its contents even when the
computer is turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile. Most personal computers contain a
small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In
addition, ROM is used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose
fonts are often stored in ROM.
Random-Access Memory (RAM)RAM is a type of memory that can be accessed randomly and is the most common type of memory
found in computers and other devices, such as printers. Also called the main memory.
Operating System
An operating system is the program (software) on top of which all programs run. It controls or
o perates the system and the relationships of the hardware and software. Windows is an example of
an operating system.
Windows
W ind ow s is an operating system. It is a multi-tasking environment and is a graphical user interface(GUI) that uses windows.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 19/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
windowsA window is an element of Wind ows and contains othercomputer programs, which operate independently of each other. Information can be shared betweenwindows. Windows have frames and contain minimize,resize, and close buttons in the upper right corner.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 20/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
Files A File is a contiguous group of bytes. For instance, your resume would
be contained in a single File. Every File must have a name. Filenames
cannot contain the characters
* | \ < > " ? /
Files are also designated by their type. For instance, your resume may
have been created in Microsoft Word, but your budget may have been
created in Mocrosoft Excel. Files are given an extension, such as .d oc,
.xls, .pdf , .jpg , .bm p. The extension is located after a period, which is
placed between the extension and the filename.
You do not have to type the extension or period when naming a file. The
computer program you are working in will perform this operation for you.
8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/meljun-cortes-computer-ict-it-definition 21/22
INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY
File StorageFiles are stored on disks. The floppy disk (called"floppy" because inside the plastic casing there is aflexible disk) is placed in the A: drive and the harddisk inside the computer is generally the C: drive.
FoldersFolders can be created on storage disks to helporganize information. Folders have an iconresembling a file folder. An example of a folder is "MyDocuments.""My Documents" folder is located on the hard disk C:.In most computer programs, "My Documents" is thelocation where files will be stored.If you want to change the location of where files willbe stored, you must make sure that the disk youwould like to store your information on is thedesignated disk.