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Melbourne Aviation Group Pty Ltd ABN 62 004 589 557 ACN 004 589 557
Registered Address: 52 Kingswood Drive, Dingley Village VIC 3172
Piper Cherokee PA 28 - 181 Engineering Paper
The purpose of this open book paper is to familiarise MAG pilots with Piper Cherokee Archer III PA 28 - 181, VH-OKY. Reference to the POH Manual is required. I . State the total fuel capacity, total useable fuel and fuel capacity to 'tabs' (bottom of filler tube)
189 Litres 182 Litres. 128 litres
2. State the fuel consumption rates for 'best economy' at 55%, 65% and 75% power and 'best power' with 75% power. 8.2, 9.5, 11 and 13.5 US gph. 31, 36, 42 and 51 litres per hour
3. State the recommended fuel grade .
100 Green,100LL Blue, Aviation Grade Avgas
4. State the maximum continuous engine speed.
2700 RPM
5. State the maximum oil temperature. 2450 F
6. State the minimum and maximum oil pressure.
25 PSI - 115 PSI
7. State the flap setting for a short field or soft field take off. 250 degrees (2 stages)
8. How many minutes you can plan to fly, if you plan to have a 45 minute reserve with fuel tanks filled to TABS and assuming a
planned fuel burn of 38 litres/hour .
157 Minutes. [128 litres - (0.75x38=28.5) = 99.5 litres @ 38 litres/ hr]
9. State the required oil grade.
• Flight manual minimum Mobil Aero 100
• MAG preferred Mobil Aero100 Plus
• Will the use of another manufacturer’s product rather than Mobil Aero Plus damage the aircraft? NO
10. State the oil capacity.
8 US quarts, 7.6 litres
11. State the oil quantity for normal operations and minimum oil required for a short flight
6 quarts 4 quarts
12. State the oil quantity for extended operations with cold engine; and with hot engine
7 quarts 6.5 quarts
13. State the MTOW.
2550 lbs, 1156 kg
14. State the maximum landing weight and BEW
2550 lbs, 1156 kg. 1684 lbs, 764 kg
15. At what revs should the magnetos be checked? What is max allowable drop? What is max difference in mag drop?
2000 RPM. 175 RPM. 50 RPM
16. State the payload the airplane can carry with maximum fuel.
265 kg. [1160-764-(182x0.72)]
17. Determine the fuel you can carry with the following payload.
Front seats: 180 Kg Rear seats 120 Kg Baggage: 30 kg (1160-764-330 = 66 kg) 92 litres
18. State the maximum time allowed for the application of full power.
NO limit in Flight Manual
19. State the C of G range at MTOW.
Forward – 88.6 inches aft of datum Rearward Limit – 93 inches aft of datum
20. Undertake a weight and balance calculation based on the payload in Q17 using the attached pro-forma.
21. Determine the runway distance required to clear a 50 -foot obstacle during takeoff on a paved, level and dry runway with the following
conditions:
(A) 1156 kg, sea level, 200 C, 5 knot tailwind, no flap 2450 ft, 750 m
(B) 1156 kg, sea level, 200 C, 5 knot headwind, no flap 2000 ft, 610 m
(C) 1156 kg, 3000 ft, 200 C, 5 knot headwind, no flap 2600 ft, 800 m
(D) 1156 kg, 2000 ft, 300 C, zero wind, 250 flap 2200 ft, 570 m
23. Deter
22. State the glide range with flaps up at 76 knots @ MTOW with no wind over ground at 2000 feet above sea level. Assume
engine failure occurred at a pressure height of 6000 feet .
(11.2 – 3.9) 7.3 n miles approx.
23. Determine the landing distance required on a paved runway at 250 C at 2300 lbs (1043 kg) with a 5 knot tailwind. The airport is at a pressure altitude of
1000’. 1700 ft approx.
24. State the maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity.
17 knots
25. State the maneouvering speed (V A) at max gross weight.
113 KIAS
26. (a) List the instruments/systems would be affected by a complete vacuum failure. (b)How would you engage the stand by vac system? (a) Artificial horizon and DG (b) Push in the rectangular knob on the LHS of the panel.
27. State the number of fuel drains and their locations.
3 – Underwing near undercarriage and bottom of engine nacelle, pilot side
28. List the indications that the alternator has failed.
Annunciator panel light on Ammeter shows ZERO (turn on landing light to check no change) Fuel guage starts to read low Radios become unreliable
29. What should you do if the alternator annunciator light is illuminated during flight.
Check ammeter is zero Turn off ALT switch Reduce electrical load to a minimum ALT switch ON If no improvement turn ALT OFF and land ASAP. If power is restored- Turn on electrical loads progressively, monitor ammeter, continue to nearest airport.
30. List the instruments that will be inoperative with a dead battery. Autopilot, clock, engine instruments, fuel gauges, fuel flow meter, GPS, turn co-‐ordinator, lighting, nav and com radios
31. Describe the normal start procedure.
Cold engine
• Open throttle ¼ inch,
• Turn ON battery master switch, alternator switch, magneto switches and electric fuel pump
• Move mixture control to FULL rich
• Verify ALL clear
• Engage starter and when fires release starter and set throttle
If engine does not fire within 5-‐10 secs, disengage starter, prime engine and repeat starting procedure.
Hot engine
• Open throttle ½ inch,
• Turn ON battery master switch, alternator switch, magneto switches and electric fuel pump
• Move mixture control to full rich
• Verify ALL clear
Engage starter and when fires release starter and set throttle
32. Describe the procedure to handle a flooded engine
(a) Open throttle fully (b) Turn ON battery master switch, alternator switch, magneto switches
(c) Turn off electric fuel pump
(d) Move mixture control to idle cut-‐off
(e) Verify ALL clear
Engage starter and when fires release starter, mixture to full rich and retard throttle.
33. What are the recommended leaning proccedures (best economy, best power and MAG policy).
Disengage lock and lean mixture to achieve peak EGT
(a) Best economy – this is it
(b) Best power – 1000 F rich of peak
(c) MAG policy – 500 F rich of peak
34. Complete the speeds and flaps settings listed below: Speed KIAS. Flap setting
Normal takeoff. 60 KIAS nil Normal landing 65 -70 KIAS full
Short-field takeoff 55 KIAS 250 Short-field landing 66 KIAS 400
35. List the following indicated airspeeds:
Rotation, VR 55 KIAS Never exceed, VNE 154 KIAS Full flaps extended, VFE 102 KIAS
Stall, clean configuration, VS 54 KIAS Stall, full flaps VSO 48 KIAS Max structural, VNO 125 KIAS Best angle of climb, VX 64 KIAS Best rate of climb, VY 76 KIAS
36. Describe the function of the ‘Yellow Arc’, the ‘Green Arc’ and the ‘White Arc’ on the airspeed indicator.
Airpspeed in the yellow arc ( 125 – 154 knots) can be undertaken in smooth air only, airspeed in the green arc ( 55 -125 knots) is normal operations and airspeed in the white arc (49 – 102 knots) is required before extension of flaps.
37. Describe the procedure for an engine failure in flight.
Trim for best glide speed (76 KIAS), convert speed to height Carb Heat On Mixture Rich Fuel Pump On Change Tanks Check Magnetos Prepare for emergency landing
38. Describe the procedure for an engine failure immediately after take off.
If sufficient runway remains, land ahead.
If insufficient runway remains, land ahead or locate best option, usally within 300 either side of runway.
39. Describe the procedure for a go –around. Power up, flap up (reduce in stages),confirm carby heat OFF (should be off on short final) best ROC attitude. If on parallel runway configuration diverge from centre.
40. What rules apply to operating the aircraft in the 'utility category'
Operate within the reduced c of g area. No rear pax. No baggage.
41. What is the weight of the tie-‐down kit?
4 kg approx.
42. You have landed at a dirt strip and want to park the aircraft to minimise propellor damage on departure. What type of location would you choose?
Park downhill or push to suitable position before start.
43. You are at a dirt strip and pre-‐flighting the aircraft. What can you do to minimise propellor damage?
Ensure aircraft is located in most desirable location, wheels not in a rut, no obstacles in front of tyres, no loose objects beneath prop. Push to suitable location if needed.
44. You are taxiing the aircraft at a dirt strip. What is the key thing you can do to minimise propellor damage?
Keep revs below 1500 RPM
45. You have passengers and freight on board and start up over gravel and try to taxi but the aircraft refuses to roll with 1500 RPM. What do you do?
Turn engine off. Deplane. Push plane to better location. Check tyres properly inflated. Try again.
46. You are to depart Birdsville following the races and want to return before last light to YMMB. How do you handle a 0830 local time departure when 20 aircraft have similar objective and the wind requires use of the 800 metre long gravel taxiway?
Try 0930 departure, backtrack on the paved runway and consider overnighting via Mildura!
47. How did the grooves in the tar south of OKY hold down ropes get there? Prop strike from hazardous concrete grate which was broken and still there!
48. Why did MAG need to replace an aileron on its previous Piper and how can this be prevented in the future? Why – fatigue cracking due to pressure of fingers during daily check How to prevent-‐ hold aileron on rivet line.
49. There are two chrome switches located a few centimetres beneath the autopilot that are related to the autopilot. Explain the function of each and how you would use them. LH switch – selects which GNS430 supplies heading information to autopilot RH switch has 3 positions
• Test (uppermost) • On (middle) • Off (bottom)
Flick switch up initially to test unit until GREEN READY light glows (RDY). Then switch to ON. Then push autopilot ON and STB (stabilized) shows indicating autopilot in wing leveler mode.
Rotate knob left and/or right to command up to rate 1 turn. Push central knob to change from STB to HDG mode when it will follow bug. Push ALT to hold altitude. Push NAV to change indication on autopilot from HDG to NAV. Provide guidance information for autopilot from GNS430s. Press VLOC button on appropriate GNS430 to switch between GPS and OMNI for navigation (tune, identify, test) for VOR.
50. The autopilot ready (RDY) light is green but the autopilot is not engaged. The heading bug has been moved so that the aircraft will turn in the right direction when the heading mode is selected. What two buttons would you press to cause the autopilot to enter heading (HDG) mode? PRESS autopilot ON/OFF button to turn autopilot on -‐ STB will appear PRESS central circular knob to switch between STB and HDG.
51. You want the aircraft to track on a radial with respect to Melbourne VOR on frequency 114.1 which you have set on the upper GNS430. The autopilot is engaged and in NAV mode but the aircraft does not turn to intercept. You suspect you have not done something. What could be causing the problem?
• LH chrome switch below autopilot panel may be selected to lower GNS430 • VLOC button may be selected to GPS • Incorrect frequency on VOR • Out of range of VOR
52. You have filled the aircraft to 140 litres during a stop on your journey. How would you set the fuel quantity in the Fuel Scan FS450.
• Tap auto to select “FILL ADD” • Tap step
Hold auto button to count UP (Tap to count down) to 140.
