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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CompleteComplete!!
CHAPTER
Second EditionSecond Edition
The Human Body in Health and Disease
4
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Multimedia Directory
Slide 57PET Scan VideoSlide 60MRI VideoSlide 63Ultrasound Video
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Learning Objectives
• Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the human body.
• Identify the building blocks, organ systems, and cavities of the body.
• Identify the anatomical planes, regions, and directional terms used to describe areas of the body.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Learning Objectives (cont.)
• Break down and define the important terms associated with the anatomy and physiology of the human body.
• Define the introductory terms associated with medical terminology.
• Identify the five major diagnostic imaging procedures.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Parts
• abdomin/o • anter/o • brachi/o• cardi/o • caud/o • cephal/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• cervic/o • chondr/i• cran/o, crani/o • cyt/o • dist/o • dors/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• femor/o • gastr/o • glute/o • hom/o, home/o • ili/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• infer/o • inguin/o • later/o • lumb/o • medi/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• organ/o • pelv/o • physi/o • pleur/o• poster/o • proxim/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Parts (cont.)
• super/o • thorac/o • tom/o • umbilic/o • ventr/o
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy• Physiology• Functions of the body• Homeostasis
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology (cont.)
• The Building Blocks of Body Structure Cells Tissues Organs Systems
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.1Building blocks of the body. Complexity increases in the direction of the
arrow.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology (cont.)
• Atoms Molecules Organelles
• Cells
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology (cont.)
• Tissues• Four main types of tissues:
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology (cont.)
• Organ Maintains a certain shape Performs a general function
• Examples: stomach, brain, pancreas
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomy and Physiology (cont.)
• System The body contains 11 systems Each system performs a general function
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Table 4.1 (continued)Systems of the Body
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Directional Terms
• Directional terms• Anatomical position• Most directional terms each include one word root and one suffix.
• Suffixes are either -ior or -al
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Roots Involving Direction
• super • infer • anter • poster• medi
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Word Roots Involving Direction (cont.)
• later• proxim • dist • ventr • dors• caud
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Directional Terms
• Superior• Inferior• Anterior (ventral)• Posterior (dorsal)
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Directional Terms (cont.)
• Medial• Lateral• Superficial• Deep• Proximal• Distal
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Planes Dividing the Body
• Plane• Frontal or coronal plane• Sagittal plane• Transverse plane
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.2 Body planes
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Regions of the Body
• Regions of the Body Head Neck Upper appendages Trunk Lower appendages
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Regions of the Body (cont.)
• Regions may be broken down further such as the abdominal region within the trunk.
• Abdominal region can be broken down in two ways – abdominal regions and abdominal quadrants
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Regions of the Body (cont.)
• Abdominal Regions Epigastric region Hypochondriac regions Umbilical region Lumbar regions Hypogastric region Iliac regions
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.3 The abdomen and abdominal regions
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Abdominal Quadrants
• Abdominal Quadrants Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Anatomical Terms (cont.)
• Body as a Whole Central trunk, or torso Appendages, or limbs Cavities Viscera
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Body Cavities
• Dorsal cavity Cranial cavity Spinal (vertebral) cavity
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.4 Body cavities
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Body Cavities (cont.)
• Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity
-Pericardial cavity-Pleural cavities-Mediastinum
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Body Cavities (cont.)
• Ventral cavity Diaphragm Abdominopelvic cavity
-Abdominal cavity-Pelvic cavity
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Medical Terms of the Human Body
• Disease• Pathology• Pathologist• Diagnosis• Symptom
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Medical Terms of the Human Body (cont.)
• Sign• Acute• Chronic
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Medical Terms of the Human Body (cont.)
• Infection• Trauma• Prognosis
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Diagnostic Imaging
• Diagnostic Imaging Endoscopy CT scan PET scan MRI Ultrasound
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Endoscopy
• Endoscope Views internal anatomy on a monitor
May also contain surgical attachments that allow the physician to manipulate internal structures
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.5 EndoscopySource: Reflekta/Shutterstock
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
CT Scan
• Computed Tomography Scanning Can scan from multiple angles Useful to view cross-sectional images of organs
Standard evaluation of trauma to most body areas
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.6 CT scanSource: Linda Bartlett/National Cancer Institute.
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
PET Scans
• Positron emission tomography The radioactive substance is combined with a metabolically important material and then inhaled or injected into the patient
The metabolic activity of an organ is detected by the PET scan based on the particles being released by the organ
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.7a PET scanSource: Grieze/Dreamstime.com
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.7b PET scanSource: ballemans./Shutterstock
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
PET Scan Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of PET scans.
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Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
MRI
• Magnetic resonance imaging Can distinguish between structures based on the water content
Offers the clearest, most complete images of internal anatomy
Can diagnose many forms of cancer, joint disease, and trauma
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.8 MRISource: Jupiterimages/Polka Dot/Thinkstock
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
MRI Video
Click here to view an video on the topic of MRI.
Back to Directory
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Ultrasound Imaging
• Ultrasound imaging, or sonography• Major body systems in which ultrasound is used: Obstetrics and gynecology – fetal, uterine, breast, ovarian
Cardiology – heart, blood flow through vessels
Urology – blood flow through the kidneys, detecting prostate cancer, seeing kidney stones
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Figure 4.9 Ultrasound imagingSource: Photodisc/Thinkstock
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Ultrasound Video
Click here to view a video on the topic of ultrasound.
Back to Directory
Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd
Combining Form Quiz
1.dors/o a. front2.anter/o b. below3.proxim/o c. back4.super/o d. above5.infer/o e. near