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8. Medical Terminology and Disease. Word Elements for Medical Terms. word root—the body of the word ( cardi , arthr , mast ) prefix—before word root ( intra- , trans- ) suffix—after word root ( -logy , -gram ) c ombining vowel—joins two word roots ( electr - o - cardi - o - gram) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter
8Medical Terminology
and Disease
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Word Elements for Medical Terms
• word root—the body of the word (cardi, arthr, mast)
• prefix—before word root (intra-, trans-)• suffix—after word root (-logy, -gram)• combining vowel—joins two word roots (electr-o-
cardi-o-gram)• combining form—word root plus combining vowel
(osteo, electro)
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Combining Word Elements
• Once you are familiar with word elements, you can combine them to build medical terms.
• Most singular and plural endings follow Greek and Latin rules.
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Break the following words into their word elements, and then derive their meaning:
polycystic
poly/cyst/ic—having many cysts
mastectomy
mast/ectomy–removal of breast
transurethral
trans/urethr/al—through the urethra
Discuss
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Medical Terms
• pronunciation – ch often sounds like k– g sounds like j when g comes before e, i, and y– pn sounds like n– ps sounds like s
• correct spelling—utmost importance in medical terminology
• medical abbreviations vary by facility
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Body Cavities
• spaces in body that house internal organs
• two main cavities1. dorsal
2. ventral
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Body Cavities
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Anatomical Position
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Other Body Positions
Prone
Supine
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Other Body Positions
Fowler’s
Lateral
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Body Directions and Movements
• anterior/ventral• posterior/dorsal• superior• inferior• distal
• proximal• abduction• adduction• flexion• extension
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What are some examples of abduction and adduction? Demonstrate.
Discuss
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Body Planes
• sagittal• midsagittal/median• coronal• transverse
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Medical Specialties
• areas of focus practiced by medical professionals, named according to a body system
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What Is Disease?
• a disorder or abnormal condition in some part of the body’s structure or function
• an important purpose of medicine is to treat disease
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What Is Diagnosis?
• made by studying medical history and symptoms, performing physical exam, and analyzing results
• involves diagnostic testing, identifying treatment options, and classifying disease
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Types of Disease
• hereditary disease (abnormalities in genes)• congenital disease (birth defects)• environmental disease (exposure to harmful
factors in environment)• nutritional disease (inability or failure to consume
proper nutrients)
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Types of Disease
• infectious disease (pathogenic microorganisms)• degenerative disease (deterioration of
tissue/organs over time)• trauma (physical injury by accident or violence)
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Write the first three diseases that come to your mind. What types of diseases are they?
Discuss
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Cancer
• abnormal growth of cells multiplying rapidly in the body
• metastasis—spread of cancerous cells • malignant—used to describe an active, life-
threatening tumor
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Signs and Symptoms of Cancer
• change in bowel or bladder habits• a sore that doesn’t heal• unusual bleeding or discharge• thickening or lump in breast, testicles, or
elsewhere• indigestion or difficulty swallowing• obvious change in size, color, shape or thickness
of wart, mole, or mouth sore• nagging cough or hoarseness
