Medical Entomology Annual Report 2016/17 · Department of Health is a Smoke Free Workplace. Medical Entomology . Annual Report . 2016/17 . Medical Entomology . Centre for Disease

Department of Health is a Smoke Free Workplace

Medical Entomology Annual Report

2016/17

Medical Entomology Centre for Disease Control

Department of Health Northern Territory Government

November 2017

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH


Medical Entomology, Centre for Disease Control

Department of Health, Northern Territory 2017 This publication is copyright. The information in this report may be freely copied and distributed for

• non-profit purposes such as study, research, health service management and public information subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for other purposes requires the written permission of the Chief Executive of the Department of Health, Northern Territory.

An electronic version is available at: http://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au/prodjspui/ General enquiries about this publication should be directed to: Nina Kurucz Director Medical Entomology CDC Department of Health PO Box 41326, NT 0811 Phone:

(08) 8922 8901 Facsimile: (08) 8922 8820


Page 2 Department of Health is a Smoke Free Workplace

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

GOAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY To reduce the impact of insects and other arthropods of medical importance on the health of the people of the Northern Territory (NT).

VISION OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY Every major urban area in the NT located in an environment that is planned, modified or controlled so that residents are not subjected to pest levels of biting insects and are free from the risks of both exotic and endemic mosquito borne disease.

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY SERVICES Services provided by Medical Entomology (ME) of the Department of Health (DoH) aim to reduce the impact of biting insects on the people of the Northern Territory. These include the prevention of the re-introduction of malaria, the prevention of the introduction of exotic mosquito vectors of dengue, chikungunya and Zika, insecticide and engineering programs for mosquito control, mosquito surveillance programs in the major towns, guidelines and advice on biting insects for both large and small scale developments, a public inquiry service, a public awareness program, and incidental research on biting insects and mosquito borne viruses. Major clients are the general public, but significant clients include local government, the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics (DIPL), the Department of Primary Industry and Resources (DPIR), the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory (PWCNT), the Australian Government, Department of Defence, the Power and Water Corporation (PWC), the Australian Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (DAWR), Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO), the Nhulunbuy Corporation, consultants and developers for development and planning advice, and environmental health officers. Intersectoral affiliations include:

• a combined mosquito engineering program with the City of Darwin (CoD), with an annual budget for maintaining drains and rectifying urban or near urban mosquito breeding sites;

• the PWCNT rectifying mosquito breeding sites and carrying out and funding mosquito control in Casuarina Coastal Reserve, George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens and Charles Darwin National Park.

• local government and Environmental Health Officers in towns throughout the NT conducting mosquito surveillance and control.



OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 1. Prevent the re-establishment of malaria in the NT by entomologically investigating

and appropriately responding to each case of imported malaria. Eliminate sources of malaria vectors near urban Darwin by engineering means.

2. Prevent the introduction of exotic dengue vector mosquitoes from overseas and

Queensland by providing advice and assistance to DAWR, surveillance using mosquito traps, surveying for larvae at vulnerable geographic points, reducing potential breeding places by landowner liaison and media advertising, and eliminating vectors following detection.

3. Carry out surveillance and control of mosquitoes in all major towns and mine

developments by organising and assisting with regular mosquito trapping and providing advice and assistance with control operations, under the NT Mosquito Borne Disease Control program and a user pays scheme.

4. Carry out mosquito surveys throughout the NT, including remote communities, to

determine the distribution and relative abundance of mosquitoes in order to enable the assessment of the risk of mosquito borne disease.

5. Carry out extensive and intensive mosquito larval control operations in Darwin using a

program of helicopter applied insecticide in coastal swamps.

6. Organise and assist the CoD and the PWCNT with engineering programs in and

adjacent to urban areas, under the combined Mosquito Engineering Control Program.

7. Carry out surveillance of flaviviruses causing human disease by: maintaining a sentinel chicken surveillance program with the assistance of DPIR and volunteers, investigating of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease, and collecting and processing mosquitoes for arbovirus isolation.

8. Provide planning and development advice and guidelines to DIPL and others to prevent new biting insect problems for development projects.

9. Promote public awareness of biting insects and arthropod borne disease by regular

public communication, a public reference service, public information sheets, an internet site for advice and high quality information pamphlets and publications.

10. Assist students and other bodies in basic research on biting insects and other

arthropods of medical importance.



11. Carry out incidental and applied research, either independently or in cooperation with other researchers, on biting insects in the NT to establish improved methods for the avoidance, reduction or control of insects of public health importance.

12. Build and maintain a reference collection of mosquitoes, biting midges and other

arthropods of medical importance in the NT.

13. Provide opportunities for staff development by in-service and external training, so that they are better able to deliver services.



PERFORMANCE FOR 2016 – 2017

• In June 2017, two females of the Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus were detected on consecutive nights in routine surveillance traps at Darwin’s East Arm Wharf. The incursion was responded to with enhanced surveillance and control as per protocol, with the NT remaining exotic vector free.

• A total of 16 aerial survey and 10 control operations were carried out, with a total of 1416 hectares treated. Salt marsh mosquito numbers peaked in October and November, with breeding triggered by high tides and rain in the swamp system bordering the northern Darwin suburbs.

• There were 189 laboratory confirmed cases of Ross River virus (RRV) in the NT this year. This was the lowest since 2004/05, and was well below the expected 5 year mean.

• There were 21 cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) notified in the NT, similar to case numbers reported in the last three financial years.

• In 2016/17, NT sentinel chickens seroconverted to Murray Valley encephalitis (MVEV) in the Barkly region, and to Kunjin virus (KUNV) in the Darwin and Barkley regions. No MVEV or KUNV disease cases were reported in the NT in 2016/17.

• In 2016/17, a total of 19 malaria cases were notified in the NT. Seven of the patients were positive for gametocytes and entomological investigations were carried out by the ME unit for all 7 cases to determine vector abundance and potential for local malaria transmission. None of the cases required mosquito vector control to be carried out.

• The combined CoD/DoH mosquito engineering program in Darwin carried out maintenance of drains in Leanyer Swamp, Coconut Grove, Nightcliff, Vesteys Lake, East Point, Fannie Bay, Ludmilla, Mindil Beach, The Gardens and Marrara. Other major works included the concrete upgrading of drains in Fannie Bay, East Point and Vesteys Lake.

• The ground larval mosquito control program, carried out by ME and PWCNT in the Darwin area, surveyed a total of 599 sites, with a total of 301 sites detected breeding mosquitoes and controlled via ground insecticide application.

• In 2016/17, DoH issued a total of 7 media warnings to warn the public on mosquito borne disease risks, including MVE and RRV, as well as high biting midge and salt marsh mosquito numbers. The warnings received coverage in the NT News, TV and on radio. In addition, DoH launched a RRV and MVE public radio and Facebook awareness campaign in December and January respectively, with MVE messages delivered in language to increase risk awareness in remote communities.

• In 2016/17, the ME unit published four scientific publications and eight unit reports.



ABBREVIATIONS

Ae. Aedes ALPC Arnhem Land Pest Control B.t.i Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis BFV Barmah Forest virus BG Biogents CDC Centre for Disease Control, Darwin CDNA Communicable Disease Network of Australia CHO Chief Health Officer CoD City of Darwin CPRS Coastal Plains Research Station Cx. Culex DIPL Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics DPIR Department of Primary Industry and Resources DAWR Australian Department of Agriculture and Water

Resources DIA Darwin International Airport DoH Department of Health EAW East Arm Wharf EIS Environmental Impact Statement EVS Encephalitis Vector Surveillance GAT Gravid Aedes trap GEMCO Groote Eylandt Mining Company GIS Geographical Information System IFFV Illegal Foreign Fishing Vessel KUNV Kunjin virus AMCA American Mosquito Control Association MCAA Mosquito Control Association Australia ME Medical Entomology MVEV Murray Valley encephalitis virus NAAC National Arbovirus Advisory Committee NAMAC National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee NCL Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited NPHP National Public Health Partnership Program NT Northern Territory PWC Power and Water Corporation PWCNT Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory RAAF Royal Australian Air Force RRV Ross River virus SoNG Series of National Guidelines ULV Ultra Low Volume



EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW 2 GOAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2 VISION OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2 OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 3 PERFORMANCE FOR 2016 – 2017 5 ABBREVIATIONS 6 FIGURES AND TABLES 10 1 INTRODUCTION TO 2016/17 ANNUAL REPORT 13 2 EXOTIC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROGRAM 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Exotic Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program 14 2.2.1 Darwin City and Outer Darwin 15 2.2.2 Darwin Rural and Palmerston 16 2.2.3 Groote Eylandt - Alyangula 16 2.2.4 Nhulunbuy 16 2.2.5 Katherine 17 2.2.6 Tennant Creek 17 2.2.7 Alice Springs 17 2.3 DAWR Adult Mosquito Trapping Program 17 2.3.1 Darwin 18 2.4 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions 18 2.5 Receptacle Breeding Surveys 19 3 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN

TERRITORY 20 3.1 Darwin 20 3.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 20 3.1.2 Vectors & Disease case data 23 3.1.3 Routine Ground Larval Mosquito Control Program Darwin 24 3.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program 24 3.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program 25 3.1.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 26 3.2 Groote Eylandt 27 3.2.1 Mosquito species recorded on Groote Eylandt 27 3.2.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 27 3.2.3 Vector & Disease case data 29 3.2.4 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 29 3.3 Nhulunbuy 30 3.3.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy 30 3.3.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 30 3.3.3 Trapping sites 32 3.3.4 Larval survey and control program 32 3.3.5 Vector & Disease case data 33



3.3.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 33 3.4 Katherine 34 3.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine 34 3.4.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 34 3.4.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 34 3.4.4 Vector & Disease case data 34 3.4.5 Visits and surveys by ME 35 3.4.6 Engineering measures 35 3.5 Tennant Creek 36 3.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek 36 3.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 36 3.5.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 36 3.5.4 Vector & Disease case data 37 3.5.5 Visits or surveys by ME 37 3.5.6 Engineering measures 37 3.5.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 37 3.6 Alice Springs 38 3.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs 38 3.6.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 38 3.6.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 39 3.6.4 Vector & Disease case data 40 3.6.5 Visits or surveys by ME 40 3.6.6 Engineering measures 40 3.6.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 41 4 MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NORTHERN

TERRITORY 41 4.1 Ross River virus disease 41 4.2 Barmah Forest virus disease 42 4.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease 42 4.4 Kunjin virus disease 42 5 ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH 43 5.1 Sentinel Chicken Program 43 6 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE 44 6.1 Case data 44 7 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND

COMMENTS 45 7.1 Development comments 45 7.2 Development investigations 45 7.2.1 Litchfield Shire Rural Activity Centres 45 8 MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING 45 8.1 Mosquito awareness campaign 45 8.2 Medical Entomology training 46



8.3 Public enquiries 46 9 COMMITTEES AND ADVISORY GROUPS 46 9.1 National Arbovirus And Malaria Advisory Committee 46 9.2 The Northern Territory Zoonosis Committee 47 10 PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS 47 11 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS 48 12 DATA MANAGEMENT 48 12.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System 48 12.2 Geographic Information Systems 48 13 STAFF MATTERS 49 14 REFERENCES 49 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 50



FIGURES AND TABLES

Fig. 1. Darwin adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and sentinel chicken locations.

Fig. 2. Darwin urban exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program. Location of ovitrap and sentinel chicken sites.

Fig. 3. Darwin rural exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program. Location of ovitrap and sentinel chicken sites.

Fig. 4. Alyangula adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and ovitrap locations. Fig. 5. Angurugu adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and ovitrap locations. Fig. 6. Nhulunbuy adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites, ovitrap and sentinel

chicken locations. Fig. 7. Katherine adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites, ovitrap and sentinel

chicken locations. Fig. 8. Tennant Creek adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap site and sentinel chicken

location. Fig. 9. Alice Springs adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites, ovitrap and sentinel

chicken locations. Fig. 10. Darwin region exotic adult mosquito BG and GAT trap sites. Fig. 11. Exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program – Darwin City and Outer Darwin

2016/17. Fig. 12. Exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program – Darwin Rural and Palmerston

2016/17. Fig. 13. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin. Average number of all female

mosquitoes per trap night caught using weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps at the eleven continuous monitoring sites - 2012/13 to 2016/17.

Fig. 14. Darwin. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris July 2011 to June 2017.

Fig. 15. Darwin. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris July 2011 to June 2017.

Fig. 16 Darwin. Financial year & long term average number of Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap caught in the eleven continuous CO2 baited mosquito traps.

Fig. 17 Alice Springs. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Cx. annulirostris, July 2011 to June 2017.

Fig. 18 Alice Springs. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Cx. annulirostris, July 2011 to June 2017.

Fig. 19. Darwin. Aerial applied mosquito larval control program - mosquito breeding areas controlled in 2016/17.

Fig. 20. Ross River virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases from CDC (by month of onset) 1999/00 to 2016/17.

Fig. 21. Location of sentinel chicken flocks in the NT. Fig. 22. Northern Territory rainfall deciles 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017. Fig. 23. Northern Territory rainfall totals (mm) 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.



Table 1. Mosquito species collected in Darwin and Palmerston by ME – all collection methods.

Table 2. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin July 2016 to June 2017. Total numbers of nine selected species of female mosquitoes caught in fourteen weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps.

Table 3. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin. Average number of nine selected species of female mosquitoes caught in eleven continuous weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps for financial years 2011/12 to 2016/17.

Table 4. Darwin – routine larval survey and control program 2016/17.

Table 5. Ross River virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region per month) July 2016 to June 2017.

Table 6. Barmah Forest virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region per month) July 2016 to June 2017.

Table 7. Ross River virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region) 1990/91 to 2016/17.

Table 8. Barmah Forest virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region) 1991/92 to 2016/17.

Table 9. Location and month of onset of cases of MVE or KUN 1974 – 2017 acquired in the NT.

Table 10. Combined DoH and DPIR NT sentinel chicken flavivirus surveillance. Progressive results of number of new seroconversions in month of bleeding 2016/17.

Table 11. Combined DoH and DPIR NT sentinel chicken flavivirus surveillance. Summary of new seroconversions by month Jul 1992 – Aug 2017.

Table 12. Combined DoH and DPIR NT sentinel chicken flavivirus surveillance. New seroconversions in month of bleeding by year Jul 1992 – Jun 2017.

Table 13. Mosquito species collected in Nhulunbuy and Yirrkala by ME – all collection methods.

Table 14. Mosquito monitoring program Nhulunbuy. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the six CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

Table 15. Adult mosquito species collected on Groote Eylandt (Alyangula, Angurugu and Umbakumba) by ME – all collection methods.

Table 16. Mosquito monitoring program Alyangula. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the three CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

Table 17. Mosquito species collected in Katherine town by ME - all collection methods.

Table 18. Mosquito monitoring program Katherine. Total numbers of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the four CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.



Table 19. Mosquito species collected in Tennant Creek town by ME - all collection methods.

Table 20. Mosquito monitoring program Tennant Creek. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the CO2 baited mosquito trap at the sewage ponds 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

Table 21. Mosquito species collected in Alice Springs town by ME - all collection methods.

Table 22. Mosquito monitoring program Alice Springs. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in all CO2 baited traps 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

Table 23. Mosquito monitoring program Alice Springs. Average number of selected species caught in the continuous CO2 baited mosquito traps for financial years 2011/12 to 2016/17.

Table 24. Exotic mosquito monitoring program in the Darwin region. Total number of female mosquitoes caught in all routine CO2 baited BG traps and GATS 1July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

Table 25. Malaria notifications in the Northern Territory 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017.

Table 26. Interception of exotic mosquitoes in Northern Territory sea and airports July 2000 - June 2017.

Table 27. Medical Entomology mosquito survey and travel July 2016 to June 2017.

Table 28. Medical Entomology publications 2016/17.



1 INTRODUCTION TO 2016/17 ANNUAL REPORT

The Medical Entomology (ME) Annual Report 2016/17 is intended to present an overall picture of the Northern Territory Department of Health (DoH) mosquito surveillance and control activities carried out in 2016/17.

The ME Annual Report 2016/17 is also available electronically on the DoH internet site under ‘Health Publications’; http://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au/prodjspui/

http://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au/prodjspui/



2 EXOTIC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROGRAM

2.1 Introduction The most frequently intercepted exotic mosquitoes in the Northern Territory (NT) are the dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and the Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus. These dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika vectors can be transported as eggs or larvae in actual or previously water-filled receptacles on ships and cargo arriving from foreign ports, as desiccant resistant eggs on receptacles relocated from areas in north Queensland (Qld) or as adults on international aircraft. While Ae. aegypti is widely distributed in northern Queensland, the distribution of Ae. albopictus is currently restricted to the Torres Strait islands.

There have been three instances since the late 1950’s where the exotic mosquito Ae. aegypti was found as established populations in the NT. Two of these establishments were discovered through surveillance detections in Tennant Creek in 2004 (through the adult mosquito surveillance program) and on Groote Eylandt in 2006 (through the exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program). In both instances, the populations were eliminated after two year programs by Department of Health (DoH) with funding assistance from the Australian Department of Health and Ageing. In November 2011, Ae. aegypti was again found in Tennant Creek (through the Aedes ovitrap surveillance program), and an Ae. aegypti elimination program was immediately commenced. The program was completed successfully in April 2014 following eight rounds of property by property surveys and insecticide treatment, with the NT once again free of the dengue mosquito. At present, local transmission of dengue in Australia is restricted to Qld where Ae. aegypti occurs. Transmission occurs periodically when the virus is introduced by infected overseas travellers.

The NT receives an appreciable public health and economic benefit from preventing the dengue vectors and other exotic mosquito vectors of disease from becoming established. Medical Entomology (ME) has routine exotic mosquito monitoring and exclusion programs around all major towns and entry points to prevent the introduction or establishment of dengue vectors, and conducts periodic surveys of other towns and localities to ensure the NT remains dengue vector free.

2.2 Exotic Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program The ME exotic Aedes ovitrap (egg trap) surveillance program is a continuous routine program used to detect importations of exotic Aedes mosquito species into the NT, and thus allows timely control or elimination measures. In 2016/17 there were 31 ovitraps in the Darwin area (Fig. 2) and nine ovitraps in the Palmerston and rural areas (Fig. 3) that were collected, inspected, and re-set fortnightly. The regional ovitrap programs in Alyangula, Nhulunbuy, Katherine, and Alice Springs are also operated on a fortnightly basis. The Darwin ovitraps are set and retrieved by ME, while the ovitraps in the regional centres are serviced by Environmental Health Officers (EHO), local government or mine site personnel. Additional ovitraps are set by the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (DAWR) at NT first ports of entry within the 400m quarantine zone.



Ovitraps in Darwin are located in most suburbs and in various rural residential areas. They are set adjacent to vulnerable entry points for either exotic mosquito incursions from overseas or Qld. Vulnerable entry points include port areas, interstate trucking yards, removalist companies, caravan parks, tyre yards and plant nurseries.

Ovitrap paddles from all regions are received by ME in Darwin, along with any preserved larvae found in the traps. The eggs on the paddles are hatched in the ME laboratory and all subsequent larvae are reared to fourth instars for identification to species level. Often, when the endemic species Ae. katherinensis is suspected to be present, the larvae are reared through to the adult stage for identification confirmation since Ae. albopictus is very similar to Ae. katherinensis in the larval stage. The number of mosquito eggs laid on ovitrap paddles is generally dependant on the abundance of the adult (female) population, and in turn can relate to the productivity, number, and proximity of suitable breeding sites where the ovitrap is located. The seasonal pattern of larval numbers (eggs laid) from ovitraps is also dependant on the extent and frequency of rainfall in the wet season or the artificial filling of receptacles during the dry season due to garden irrigation or wash down activities. The ovitrap programs undergo a continual reassessment throughout the year to increase the efficiency of the program. Ovitrap site placements are adjusted according to changed conditions and risk levels, such as loss of overhead vegetation cover, changes in property ownership, access issues, the arrival of risk cargo imported from locations where the target mosquitoes are prevalent, and when there are detections of adult mosquitoes from DAWR collections.

Given that the exotic disease vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus can potentially utilise the same breeding habitats as some endemic Aedes species, the recovery of endemic receptacle breeding Aedes in vulnerable locations, such as the port areas, are an indicator of available breeding sites for exotic Aedes. The recovery of appreciable numbers of endemic Aedes species in the ovitraps is an indication that ongoing awareness campaigns aimed at household and commercial premises with regards to receptacle-breeding mosquitoes need to continue.

2.2.1 Darwin City and Outer Darwin This financial year, 16.8% (116) of ovitraps sampled (689) in Darwin were positive for mosquito larvae. This percentage of positive ovitraps was lower compared to last year (23.8%). The species most often detected in all traps was Ae. notoscriptus (present in 85.3% of positive ovitraps), followed by Ae. tremulus (present in 9.5% of positive ovitraps) (Fig. 11). No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2016/17.



Of all the ovitraps positive for mosquito eggs 72% were from residential premises, 10% from transport premises, 8% from commercial premises, 7% from caravan parks and 3% from port premises..

2.2.2 Darwin Rural and Palmerston In Darwin Rural and Palmerston, 19% (44) of ovitraps sampled (231) were positive for mosquito larvae. The species most often detected was Ae. notoscriptus (present in 84% of positive ovitraps) followed by Ae. tremulus (present in 11% of positive ovitraps) (Fig. 12). No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2016/17.

2.2.3 Groote Eylandt - Alyangula Alyangula is a mining town located on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the East Arnhem region. Many of the vessel arrivals are for international ore export or coastal cargo transport barges to and from Darwin. There is also a possibility of illegal vessels landing on Groote Eylandt or nearby areas. Similar to Nhulunbuy, the area is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the NT from Qld and overseas.

The ovitrap program has operated in collaboration between the Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO) and ME. The ovitrap program was established in July 1998 and continued to March 2000, when local staff shortages resulted in its suspension. The program was re-established in March 2003 and operated until March 2014 when it was again suspended due to GEMCO staff shortages. The program recommenced in February 2016. The five ovitraps are located at the wharf, the airport, mine site, and the Alyangula Township (Old and New Town) and were serviced fortnightly (Figs 4 and 5). Ovitrap paddles and any larvae are forwarded to ME for larval rearing and identification. In 2016/17, Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. katherinensis and Ae. tremulus were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2016/17.

2.2.4 Nhulunbuy Nhulunbuy is a mining town and the principal town in the East Arnhem region. The town is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the NT because of mining related transport arriving from overseas and Qld, as well as illegal foreign fishing vessels being occasionally detained near Port Melville and prepared for onshore destruction at Drimmie Head by a local contractor. An ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was established in Nhulunbuy in 1995/96 in collaboration with the Nhulunbuy Corporation (NCL). The NCL suspended the program in July 2011, but it was re-established by ME in liaison with Environmental Health in February 2013.

Since July 2015, the East Arnhem Shire Council services the ovitraps under a funding agreement with DoH, with the eight ovitraps serviced fortnightly (Fig. 6). Ovitrap paddles and any larvae are forwarded to ME for larval rearing and identification.



In 2016/17, Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. tremulus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pullus were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2016/17.

2.2.5 Katherine The ovitrap surveillance program in Katherine currently consists of six ovitraps, located adjacent to vulnerable entry points into Katherine (Fig. 7). Katherine Town Council services the ovitrap in Katherine under a funding arrangement with DoH which commenced in June 2015.

In 2016/17, Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. tremulus, Ae. katherinensis, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Tripteroides. punctolateralis were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2016/17.

2.2.6 Tennant Creek The Tennant Creek ovitrap surveillance program has historically consisted of three ovitraps set at the Memorial Club, 3 Kittle Street and the Caravan Park (Lot 2133). The traps were serviced fortnightly by the Tennant Creek EHO during the wet season only, commencing after the first appreciable rains. However, the ovitrap program was temporarily suspended from November 2011 to April 2014 while the enhanced surveillance and control activities of the Tennant Creek Ae. aegypti elimination program were occurring. Since the completion of the elimination program in April 2014, the local EHO in Tennant Creek has resumed responsibility for the setting and collecting of mosquito traps. Two routine CO2 baited BG sentinel traps are scheduled to be set on a fortnightly basis at ad hoc locations about the town, replacing the previous ovitrap program (see section 3.5.2).

2.2.7 Alice Springs The Alice Springs ovitrap surveillance program consists of eight ovitraps (Fig. 9). The ovitraps are serviced fortnightly by the Alice Springs EHO during the summer months.

In 2016/17, traps were set between December2016 and May 2017. Aedes notoscriptus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the endemic species collected, with only three ovitraps positive during the sampling period. No exotic mosquitoes were collected in 2016/17.

2.3 DAWR Adult Mosquito Trapping Program The aim of the DAWR adult mosquito trapping program is to monitor for exotic adult mosquitoes around NT first ports of entry (port and airport areas), including Darwin East Arm Wharf (EAW), Port Melville, the INPEX site at Blaydin Point (since January 2015) and the Darwin International Airport (DIA) and Royal Australian Airforce (RAAF) airport. ME carries out mosquito identifications of the samples as a cost per service program. Weekly routine adult mosquito trapping using carbon dioxide baited Biogents (BG) and Gravid Aedes (GAT) traps is conducted by DAWR or port authorities in these areas (Fig. 10, Table 24). BG sentinel traps are specifically designed to attract and collect Ae. aegypti and other



Aedes (Stg) species, such as the exotic Ae. albopictus and the endemic Ae. katherinensis, and have been incorporated into the quarantine monitoring program in 2010. Carbon dioxide gas has been used to enhance the attractiveness of the traps (Meeraus et al 2008). GAT traps have been part of exotic mosquito surveillance at the DIA since May 2015. Some CO2 baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) traps were still used in the DAWR surveillance program until June 2016, but were replaced with CO2 baited BG traps. While the EVS traps were set overnight each week, the BG traps are run continuously and the trap samples are collected on a weekly basis. Results and comments are forwarded by ME to DAWR, the RAAF, Darwin Airport, Environmental and Safety Officers and the Darwin Port Authority. The sea port on Melville Island (Port Melville) is an approved first port of entry, receiving ships of international origin. Following the arrival of international vessels, two BG traps are operated in the vicinity of the wharf from the day of arrival until three days after the vessel’s departure. Trap samples are delivered to ME for identification. Five international wood chip ships arrived at Port Melville during 2016/17, with a total of 10 traps set during that period (Table 24).

In 2016/17 CO2 baited BG sentinel traps and GAT traps were set and collected weekly by DAWR Officers at six and two sites respectively (Fig. 10, Table 24). The samples were delivered to ME for identification. Three BG sentinel traps were collected twice weekly by INPEX Blaydin Point site workers and delivered to ME for identification (Fig. 10). The exotic vector surveillance trapping program at the INPEX Blaydin Point site was concluded at the end of March 2017, coinciding with the end of international goods shipments to the site.

2.3.1 Darwin In 2016/17 there was one incursion of Ae. albopictus associated with international vessel arrivals at Darwin EAW (Table 26).

A routine CO2 baited BG adult mosquito surveillance trap at EAW was found to be positive for Ae. albopictus on 5/06/17 (one female) and again on 6/06/17 (one female). DAWR and ME responded to these two detections with exotic larval surveys at EAW, insecticide treatment of drain pits and potential harbourage areas and enhanced surveillance using additional BG traps and ovitraps. ULV fogging of the wharf was carried out following the detection on 5/06/17. There were no further detections of Ae. albopictus associated with this incursion.

2.4 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions In the NT, DAWR survey and treat apprehended illegal foreign fishing vessels (IFFVs) and illegal persons vessels for any exotic pest threats to Australia, including mosquitoes. Illegal vessels are usually detained and escorted to a port by the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Custom Services. Some vessels, such as fishing iceboats traditionally carry large 800-1000L drinking water receptacles that are sealed and therefore are not suitable for



mosquito breeding. Shark boats and illegal persons vessels however, often use open 200L plastic drums as drinking water receptacles, which are suitable for mosquito breeding, and exotic larvae are often detected in these receptacles.

Information forwarded from DAWR indicated that there were no interceptions of exotic mosquitoes from illegal vessels intercepted in close proximity to NT ports during 2016/17.

2.5 Receptacle Breeding Surveys As part of the ME exotic vector surveillance program, surveys for receptacle breeding exotic Aedes mosquitoes are conducted each year. The aim is to detect exotic mosquito incursions that have breached the 400m quarantine zone at international ports or from those arriving from Queensland (Qld) by road or via any other mode.

Locations that are targeted for the potential presence of exotic receptacle breeding species are port areas, nurseries, caravan parks and transport companies, as they are potential entry points for exotic mosquitoes in the NT. Some commercial and residential premises outside these categories are also surveyed, particularly those close to potential entry points listed above, or that contain a large number of potential receptacle breeding sites.

Port areas receive international shipping traffic and are thus susceptible to potential exotic mosquito incursions. Caravan parks and transport companies represent a risk of interstate vehicles inadvertently transporting Ae. aegypti eggs or larvae in receptacles across the border from Qld. Nurseries are considered a risk because they often import plants and pots from interstate (including Qld) and overseas, and they can contain suitable breeding or adult harbourage sites. Remote coastal locations close to frequent IFFV activity are potentially subject to exotic mosquito introductions via routes other than through the main shipping ports. The method of introduction into nearby towns or communities may be via relocation of receptacles obtained from IFFV camps. In 2016/17, exotic vector surveys were carried out in Pine Creek, Nhulunbuy, Alyangula, Tennant Creek and Jabiru (Table 27). No exotic mosquitoes were detected.

Darwin port areas within the 400m quarantine zone were surveyed at the beginning, middle and end of the 2016/17 wet season as a DAWR program with ME collaboration. The timing of the surveys allowed for a comprehensive assessment of each port area before, during and after the main wet season so that source reduction recommendations could be conveyed to the respective proprietors, and then actioned in a timely manner to reduce the port’s receptivity to exotic mosquitoes. No exotic mosquitoes were detected during the receptacle surveys.



In addition, an exotic mosquito survey was carried out at the Tindal RAAF base in liaison with DAWR in response to an international military exercise in July 2016 (Table 27).

3 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

3.1 Darwin In 2016/17, a total of 51 adult mosquito species were recorded in Darwin and Palmerston using all collection methods (Table 1). One of these species was the exotic mosquito Ae. albopictus, which triggered a control and enhanced surveillance response (see section 2). The most important endemic mosquito species recorded from routine CO2 baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) traps in Darwin in 2016/17 and their relative numbers are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

3.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 3.1.1.1 Monitoring program

The Darwin routine adult mosquito monitoring program consisted of 14 CO2 baited EVS traps set throughout the Darwin urban area (Table 2, Fig. 1). Ten of the traps were set weekly throughout the year, with Totem Rd set from July 2016 to mid- May 2017, Botanical Gardens commencing in February 2017, Richardson Park set during the dry to mid wet season, and trapping carried out at Brandt Rd in January and February 2017 only. Eleven of the trap sites have been monitored continuously using the same trap type since 1985, with continuous monitoring at some of the sites in place since 1979, representing one of the longest consistent adult mosquito monitoring data sets in Australia. This data is used to evaluate long term mosquito control and disease risk.

3.1.1.2 Adult mosquito numbers The 2016/17 Darwin adult mosquito monitoring data from all 14 trap sites are shown in Table 2. Karama and Palm Creek were by far the most productive sites (Fig. 13), recording 31,355 and 21,816 adult female mosquitoes respectively, followed by Leanyer Dump (9,274), Longwood Ave (8,625) and Leanyer Gate (7,892) (Table 2). Figure 13 shows that that Karama and Palm Creek have consistently been the most productive trap sites since 2012/13. The average weekly number of Aedes vigilax (salt marsh mosquito) per trap for the 11 continuous traps in 2016/17 was 75, which was slightly higher compared to 2015/16 (69) (Table 3), and the highest since 2011/12. The high Ae. vigilax abundance caused considerable pest problems in the Top End of the NT, including Darwin and Palmerston and areas well inland from the coast. Average Culex annulirostris (common banded mosquito) numbers per trap in the eleven continuous traps decreased slightly from 66 in 2015/16 to 52 in 2016/17 (Table 3). This was the lowest average for Cx. annulirostris recorded since 2011/12. The similar abundance of both species in 2015/16 and 2016/17 was surprising,



considering 2015/16 was one of the driest years on record, while 2016/17 was one of the wettest years (Figs 22 and 23).

Numbers of the pest species Coquillettidia xanthogaster declined from 22 in 2015/16 to 12 in 2016/17, while the abundance of other important mosquito species was similar to the previous year (Table 3).

3.1.1.3 Seasonal occurrence

Aedes vigilax abundance is associated with monthly high tides (7.4 m ACD or higher) and/or appreciable rainfall (25mm and above) during most months of the year, except for February and March, when the majority or all of their principal breeding sites are seasonally flooded and unavailable for egg deposition. Aedes vigilax is usually most common in the Darwin area from September to January inclusive. Maximum monthly tide levels generally increase from mid-July to December, increasing inundation of the salt marsh habitat, with heavy rain also resulting in egg hatching. Consequently, Ae. vigilax numbers increase steadily to reach a peak in November to January. The exception is the Casuarina Coastal Reserve, which can breed high Ae. vigilax numbers in coastal dune depressions throughout the mid-late wet season after heavy rain events or very high tides. After poor wet seasons in particular, small Ae. vigilax peaks can occur in May and June, following high tides or early dry season (May) rains. In 2016/17, Ae. vigilax was most abundant in September to December, with peak numbers occurring in October and November, and mostly absent during the other months (Fig. 14).

Culex annulirostris is most common in the Darwin area during the months of January to August (Fig. 14). During most years, two peaks occur during these months, an early to mid - wet season peak in January or February, and an extended peak during the months of April to August. The early/mid wet season peak is usually larger than the late wet/early dry season peak (Fig. 14). The early/mid wet season peak is generally a result of initial widespread flooding of the Holmes Jungle and Leanyer swamps, and other wetlands and ground depressions in the wider Darwin area, with high mosquito productivity due to the lack of mosquito larvae predators after initial flooding. The late wet to mid dry season peak is a result of the progressive drying of the larger breeding sites, such as the Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp, resulting in the formation of thickly vegetated pools with restricted access for mosquito larvae predators. The late wet and early dry season peak is also contributed to by residual grassy pools in the Leanyer Swamp floodplain, and by vegetated stormwater drains located in Leanyer, Malak and Karama. In 2016/17, December to March, and May, were the peak months (Fig. 14). However, peak season abundance was relatively low compared to previous years (Fig. 14).

Generally, the early to mid - wet season peak is impractical to effectively control due to concurrent flooding of over 1000 hectares of floodplain in the Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamps after the first monsoonal rains. However, high concentrations of larvae are targeted by aerial control to reduce the size of the early/mid - wet season peak. The early to mid - dry season peaks are usually smaller due to targeted aerial control of more defined breeding sites in the Holmes Jungle Swamp. However, this year, the well above average wet season prevented the usual seasonal Cx. annulirostris peaks from occurring, most likely due to deeper water ponding and more effective fish movement in the coastal swamps, with deeper



ponding also reducing the growth of semi-aquatic vegetation, reducing cover for mosquito larvae.

Other important mosquito species such as Cq. xanthogaster, Anopheles bancroftii, An. farauti s.l. and Mansonia uniformis are usually most abundant in the late wet season and early dry season, when semi-aquatic vegetation growth is abundant, and deep flooded areas begin to dry, leaving shallow or relatively isolated pools. All of these species recorded similar to lower average numbers per trap night in 2016/17 compared to 2015/16, with the well above average wet season likely to have reduced habitat and allowed greater fish control, as discussed above.

3.1.1.4 Trapping sites

When comparing total numbers of all mosquito species from all routine monitoring sites, the Karama and Palm Creek trap sites are usually the most productive. This trend continued in 2016/17, with Karama being by far the most productive trap site, followed by Palm Creek which collected twice as many mosquitoes as the third most productive site (Leanyer Dump) (Table 2). The higher numbers of all mosquito species at Karama and Palm Creek is due to very large areas of reed swamp and other wetland breeding areas in the nearby Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp and upper mangrove areas close to the trap sites. These breeding sites are considerably influenced by rainfall and tides, providing suitable habitats for both freshwater and brackish water mosquito species.

The Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp is not targeted by engineering control methods due to the ecological sensitivity and its importance as a fish breeding site. Medical Entomology (ME) does not routinely control mosquitoes other than the salt marsh mosquito in this swamp, unless there is a relatively high risk of mosquito borne disease from Cx. annulirostris or if numbers of this species and other pest mosquitoes such as An. bancroftii become markedly high. The minimum urban distance buffer of 1.6 km from the edge of this swamp usually results in few pest problems in the nearby residential areas, apart from those caused by the long distance dispersing mosquito Ae. vigilax. The Palm Creek and Karama trap sites are also likely to be influenced to some extent by Ae. vigilax dispersal from the Micket Creek Reed Swamp, and coastal swamps associated with Kings Creek and the Howard River to the east. The Palm Creek and Karama trap sites might also be influenced to some extent by Cx. annulirostris dispersal from the Micket Creek reed swamp during major breeding events.

As in previous years, the Darwin northern suburb traps of Karama, Palm Creek, Leanyer Gate, Leanyer Dump and Longwood were the most productive traps (Table 2), due to their location between productive swamp breeding sites and the urban fringes of the suburbs. Karama was by far the most productive continuous trap site for Ae. vigilax, with Palm Creek, Leanyer Dump, Longwood Ave and Leanyer Gate being the next most productive trap sites. (Table 2). Culex annulirostris was most abundant in the traps set nearby to the Holmes Jungle and Leanyer swamps (Table 2). Other important mosquitoes such as the Anopheles mosquitoes and Cq. xanthogaster were most abundant in the Palm Creek and Karama traps (Table 2).

The traps bordering the Marrara Swamp system were also productive, with Cx. annulirostris, Ae. vigilax and Cq. xanthogaster the most common mosquitoes in the Aviation Museum,



Marrara Rifle Range and Marrara Round Swamp traps. Breeding of Cx. annulirostris and Cq. xanthogaster was associated with the availability of semi-aquatic vegetation and shallow ponding, while Ae. vigilax was dispersing from distant tidal swamps (Table 2).

Totem Rd was the next most productive site, with Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris the most common mosquitoes collected in this trap. Mosquitoes were breeding in a tidally affected old rice field near Dick Ward Dve, stormwater drains subject to tide ponding, an abandoned aquaculture farm and interdunal depressions in the monsoon forest.

The Casuarina trap was productive, due to extensive mosquito breeding sites in interdunal depressions, and urban stormwater discharge into Sandy Creek creating freshwater mosquito breeding sites in and near the Sandy Creek upper tidal margin close to the Royal Darwin Hospital. Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris were the two most common mosquito species recorded in the Casuarina trap.

3.1.2 Vectors & Disease case data 3.1.2.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease

The two principal vectors of Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) in the Darwin region are the northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax and the common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris. The ecology and seasonality of these mosquitoes is discussed in Section 3.1.1.3.

The dry conditions of the mid to late dry season result in a relatively short longevity for Ae. vigilax and hence in a reduced capacity to transmit RRV. This is why large numbers of Ae. vigilax in October to November generally do not translate to high numbers of RRV cases. As soon as the heavy rains occur (usually in December or January), the increase in humidity, increases the longevity of Ae. vigilax resulting in an increased potential to transmit RRV. High numbers of Cx. annulirostris in April, May or June are also not correlated with high RRV disease cases, due to the reduced life span of the vector.

In 2016/17 there were 139 laboratory notified cases of RRV in the Darwin region (Tables 5 and 7). This was the lowest number of cases since 2004/05 (Table 7). The decrease in RRV disease cases in the Darwin region in 2016/17 was likely due to relatively low Cx. annulirostris numbers. In addition, due to high case numbers in the previous two years, herd immunity might have also increased, subsequently decreasing the susceptibility of the population.

The number of laboratory confirmed Barmah Forest virus disease cases in the NT has remained low for the third consecutive year (Table 8), following the removal of the commercial test kit in 2013, which was responsible for high number of false positive cases (Kurucz et al. 2016).



3.1.2.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system to detect Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV) activity in the NT. The sentinel chicken data for 2016/17 is summarised in Table 10 and discussed in Section 5. No MVE or KUN virus disease cases were reported in the Darwin region in 2016/17 (Table 9).

3.1.3 Routine Ground Larval Mosquito Control Program Darwin 3.1.3.1 Larval survey and control program

Larval mosquito surveys in the Darwin urban and peri urban areas are carried out by ME in cooperation with the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the NT (PWCNT), as part of the Department of Health (DoH) NT Disease Control Program. In the Darwin area, control operations generally target the major disease vectors Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris. Known breeding sites are inspected and controlled by ME, with the exception of the Botanic Gardens and Charles Darwin National Park, which are serviced by PWCNT. All known mosquito breeding sites in Darwin urban have been mapped on Geographic Information System (GIS), with the data compatible with Google Earth for easy viewing and file sharing.

The City of Darwin (CoD) is responsible for preventing mosquito breeding within its jurisdiction, with major potential breeding areas located in Fannie Bay, East Point Reserve, Vestey's Beach, Mindil Beach, Nightcliff Foreshore and the Rapid Creek area. Integrated mosquito control is carried out by engineering measures (CoD) (see Section 3.1.5), and larval mosquito control. Government owned areas around Darwin urban such as Ludmilla Swamp, Coconut Grove/Kulaluk, Frances Bay and undeveloped areas of the Darwin Waterfront are also surveyed and controlled by ME.

3.1.3.2 Larval mosquito survey results The results for the 2016/17 Darwin urban routine larval mosquito control program are shown in Table 4. In total, 599 sites were inspected by ME and PWCNT in their respective areas. A total of 301 sites were found breeding mosquitoes across the coastal Darwin suburbs, with East Point (46), Lee Point (38), Kulaluk and Ludmilla (36) and George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens (29) the most productive areas. The most commonly found mosquito species was Ae. vigilax, associated with 171 of the 301 positive sites found breeding. Verrallina funerea was the second most common mosquito found breeding (45 sites), followed by Cx. annulirostris, detected at 37 sites (Table 4). Since some known and productive breeding sites in Darwin are pre-treated with residual insecticide (s-methoprene briquettes or pellets), while they are dry, the number of sites treated shown in Table 4 is higher compared to the number of sites found breeding. A total of 345 sites were treated using methoprene or temephos, with only one site treated using a barrier control (Table 4).

3.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program The aerial larval control program in Darwin is aimed primarily at the northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax, and the common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris. Salt marsh



swamps within a 7km range of the edge of the northern suburbs of Darwin are routinely surveyed by either helicopter or quad bikes by ME after high tides or critical amounts of rain. Swamp areas surveyed and controlled by helicopter include Leanyer Swamp, the Leanyer bomb crater area, Holmes Jungle reed and mangrove swamps, Micket Swamp and parts of the Shoal Bay Communication Base Swamp (Fig. 19). Insecticides are applied by helicopter in liquid formulations, primarily the bacterial insecticide B.t.i or less commonly liquid s-methoprene or s-methoprene pellets.

In the 2016/17 season, a total of 16 aerial surveys and 10 successful control operations were carried out, with a total of 1416 hectares controlled. Areas controlled each season depend on environmental factors, including tide height and rainfall. Areas controlled in 2016/17 are shown in Fig. 19.

Overall, the average number of Ae. vigilax trapped per night in the 11 continuous weekly carbon dioxide traps in Darwin urban was 74.5 (Table 3), the highest since 2010/11. The higher numbers were attributed to an influx of adult Ae. vigilax from uncontrolled swamps to the east of the designated control area, with an October peak of 3997 Ae. vigilax collected in an overnight CO2 baited EVS trap set close to the Holmes Jungle Swamp adjacent to the suburb of Karama, following a successful control operation. On two occasions, preliminary larval surveys in these uncontrolled swamps following high tides, showed extremely high larval densities in some of the mangrove and reed areas (Kurucz and Warchot 2017). As a testimony to the high Ae. vigilax abundance in the Top End this season, pest problems were reported in Pine Creek, an inland town located over 100km from the nearest tidal river system.

In contrast, Cx. annulirostris numbers in the 11 continuous traps remained at very low levels compared to previous years (Table 3, Fig. 16). This was most likely due to the early and continuous wet season rainfall, rendering breeding habitat unsuitable for this species, and allowing larval mosquito predators early access to the breeding sites.

3.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program The Darwin Mosquito Engineering Control Program is a cooperative effort between ME and CoD to maintain and upgrade Darwin storm water drains, which are actual or potential mosquito breeding sites, as well as to rectify actual and potential mosquito breeding depressions. The program is funded on a 1:2 dollar basis between CoD: DoH, with a $328,163 program in 2016/17. It is a major program for ME, involving inspections and maintenance work on existing drains and concrete upgrading of sections of drains where there are demonstrated mosquito breeding problems, as well as documenting wet season areas of ponding and mosquito breeding for dry season rectification.

In 2016/17, much of the engineering budget was spent on desilting stormwater drains in and adjacent to Leanyer Swamp, along the fringes of Coconut Grove, in the Kulaluk Reserve, Nightcliff, around Vestey’s Lake, Mindil Beach, Gardens Golf Course, East Point, Ludmilla, Fannie Bay and Marrara. Herbiciding in Leanyer Swamp, Stuart Park, Winnellie and Bayview Haven was also carried out to minimise the potential for vegetation growth to block the drains. Drains at Vestey’s Lake, East Point and Fannie Bay were either fitted with new concrete low flow inverts, or had broken sections replaced.



The key to the successful mosquito engineering control program is the continued cooperation between ME and CoD, as well as assistance from the Power and Water Corporation (PWC) and Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics (DIPL) in regards to drain maintenance and rectification in their areas. The ME database is a valuable tool in identifying frequent mosquito breeding sites, with GIS used for planning and monitoring of work programs.

3.1.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control Mosquito engineering control measures are still required at Ludmilla Creek, George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens, Casuarina Coastal Reserve (including Lee Point and Buffalo Creek), Coconut Grove and Leanyer Swamp, and to a lesser extent, at Lake Alexander, Vestey’s Lake, East Point, Rapid Creek, Mindil Beach and Charles Darwin University. These areas contain productive salt marsh and common banded mosquito breeding sites, many of which can be engineered to reduce mosquito breeding. Therefore, these mosquito breeding sites should be targeted for rectification.

Leanyer Swamp requires annual maintenance of the numerous existing open earth storm water drains established under the engineering program. The main problem drains are those from urban areas, with dry season low flows promoting the growth of tidal couch grass, Eleocharis reeds and weeds. Annual herbiciding reduces the potential for the weeds to obstruct the drains. However, desilting works are still required in some drains to minimise water ponding after high tides and rainfall events. Other smaller drains in the swamp are subject to mangrove growth closing over the drain and allowing shallow ponding. In addition, unauthorised vehicle access in the swamp impacts on the mosquito control in drains and adjacent tidal flats, requiring costly remediation works on an annual basis. All drains in the Leanyer Swamp are re-profiled as necessary using a laser guided swamp excavator. The upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek opposite Richardson Park and Ludmilla School contain extensive Ae. vigilax and Cx. sitiens breeding areas. Water ponding in this area is a result of a silted outlet channel from the Bagot Rd subsoil drainage system outfall at the rear of the school. The outlet channel requires desilting, and will need to be placed on a periodic maintenance program by the relevant authority to ensure the drain remains free draining. Desilting works have commenced by DIPL in this outlet channel, with further work to occur in the future. The smaller drainage channels in the upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek from Nemarluk Dve and Richardson Dve would also require desilting once the main outlet channel has been rectified. The George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens requires relatively extensive mosquito breeding site rectification works to remove ponding in low lying areas. Due to site conditions, shallow filling and re-contouring is likely to be the most suitable option, along with upgrading shallow surface drains with concrete inverts. Some large scale works have recently been carried out by PWCNT in the grassy area to the south of Salonika Street, which has included shallow surface filling and the upgrading of stormwater drains.



Casuarina Coastal Reserve requires large scale rectification works to rectify numerous interdunal depressions that have become highly productive mosquito breeding sites, particularly in the Lee Point area. The sand accumulating process from longshore drift of sand just east of Lee Point is gradually creating new interdunal mosquito breeding sites, which become more extensive and productive each year (Warchot et al. 2015). These sites need to be filled and levelled with sand from the lower beach line. If carried out correctly, this would permanently rectify some of the most productive breeding sites in this area similar to what has previously been achieved in the Casuarina Coastal Reserve and by ME and CoD in interdunal areas in Coconut Grove (Kulaluk area).

The other major mosquito breeding site requiring rectification works is the upper tidal reaches of Sandy Creek near the hospital residential houses. Maintenance works need to be carried out on the upper Sandy Creek low flow pipe system, which has a section of damaged pipe that requires replacing, as well as the removal of sediment accumulation in the pipe near the weir inlet. Lake Alexander requires minor fill operations in numerous grassy depressions, while Vestey’s Lake also requires further minor shallow fill operations in several low lying areas to enable surface water runoff, particularly those areas disturbed by vehicles. Overall, during the past few years, mosquito breeding sites have been significantly reduced in these two areas. In Palmerston, preliminary investigations by ME have shown that many Ae. vigilax breeding sites occur in the upper tidal reaches of Mitchell Creek and Brooking Creek, including disturbed tidal areas and a tidally affected sediment basin, and at stormwater discharge points at the mangrove fringe on the west side of Palmerston. These breeding sites require rectification where possible, routine larval control with insecticides, or a combination of both.

3.2 Groote Eylandt

3.2.1 Mosquito species recorded on Groote Eylandt In 2016/17, 23 mosquito species were recorded on Groote Eylandt (Table 15). A complete list of all mosquito species collected on Groote Eylandt is shown in Table 15.


The three routine adult mosquito monitoring sites on Groote Eylandt are located at the mine site near Angurugu, the wharf area in Alyangula Township and the Golf Club (Figs 4 and 5).

3.2.2.2 Adult Mosquito Numbers

Adult mosquito trapping was carried out at the three routine trap sites on 12 nights during 2016/17. The most common species collected in all CO2 baited EVS traps was Ae. vigilax, followed by Cx. annulirostris (Table 16).



No exotic mosquitoes were detected in Alyangula in 2016/17.

3.2.2.3 Seasonal Occurrence and Trapping sites The rainfall recorded in Alyangula in 2016/17 (1643mm) was higher compared to 2015/16 (1018mm) and 340mm above the long term average. Appreciable rainfall occurred in December (230mm), January (457mm), February (396mm), March (140mm) and April (177mm) (Bureau of Meteorology). However, the above average rainfall was not correlated with increased mosquito activity.

The major breeding sites of Ae. vigilax near Alyangula are the coastal areas near the golf club, the small tidal creeks south of the town, the upper reaches of the mangrove creeks east of the road to Deception Bay near the Ngadumiyerrka community (‘Little Paradise’), and on Connexion Island. A large number of rock pools to the north of Alyangula, near the North West Bluff, may also be capable of producing moderate numbers of Ae. vigilax after the first wet season rains. The pools hold water and become saline from wind borne sea spray. However, it is probable that a considerable proportion of the Ae. vigilax adult population usually detected at Alyangula originated from the extensive breeding sites on Connexion Island.

Connexion Island is situated approximately 6 km west of Alyangula, which is within the flight range of Ae. vigilax. During the monsoon months of January and February, Groote Eylandt experiences prevailing north-westerly winds. Past records show that Ae. vigilax numbers in Alyangula usually increase during this period. This was also the case in 2017, with highest, but still relatively low Ae. vigilax numbers recorded at all three monitoring sites in January.

This indicates that the adult mosquitoes detected in Alyangula are probably dispersing with the aid of the wind from Connexion Island into the township. Connexion Island has a number of large Ae. vigilax breeding sites that have previously been identified by ME and GEMCO. These include some small tidally influenced areas on the southern and eastern shores of the island, and a large salt lake at the northern end of the island. The salt lake is not subject to regular tides, but become extensively flooded after the monsoon rains. There is minor Cx. annulirostris breeding in ground depressions on the golf course. However, the major Cx. annulirostris breeding sites near Alyangula are located to the north of the town. There are extensive freshwater swamps and sub-coastal areas of grassland behind Deception Bay, directly north of Alyangula that provides suitable breeding sites for this species. However, in 2016/17 Cx. annulirostris numbers remained very low despite the above average rainfall.

The Alyangula township trap site is close to the port, industrial and commercial areas. These areas often have items such as large tyres, drums, bins and plant machinery that can hold water during the wet season. Past detections of Ae. notoscriptus in ovitraps placed in the port area indicates that there are water filled receptacles in the vicinity of the wharf that would provide suitable breeding sites for exotic Aedes mosquitoes should they be reintroduced. There is a need to periodically conduct larval surveys and clean-up operations



near the port area at the beginning of the wet season to reduce the risk of an exotic mosquito establishment.

3.2.2.4 Larval survey

Larval surveys were conducted by ME officers from 30/01/17 to 2/02/17 in Alyangula and at the mine site (Table 27). The main focus of the surveys was to check for the presence of exotic receptacle breeding mosquitoes. In Alyangula, 29 properties were surveyed, with receptacles positive for mosquito breeding found on 28 premises. The surveys were timed to coincide with the wet season in East Arnhem Land when receptacles would be holding water. No exotic mosquitoes were found during the surveys.

3.2.3 Vector & Disease case data 3.2.3.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease

Ross River virus disease cases occur mostly during or towards the end of the wet season. RRV and BFV disease cases on Groote Eylandt have been relatively low since 1992/93. One to five cases per year of both diseases seem to reflect the normal status.

In 2016/17, there were 13 reported cases of RRV disease (Tables 5 and 7) and one case of BFV disease in the East Arnhem region (Tables 6 and 8). No RRV disease cases were recorded on Groote Eylandt. Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris are the main vectors for these diseases, and occurred in relatively low numbers in the Alyangula town area (Table 16).

3.2.3.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance

The Alyangula sentinel chicken flock was discontinued after July 2011, as part of a program revision. The main reason to discontinue the flock was the lack of seroconversions to MVE or KUN, with only one seroconversion to KUN recorded in 2008/09, indicating that the ecology on Groote Eylandt is not optimal for MVE or KUN virus, and may be due to the lack of large populations or breeding sites for the water bird hosts including herons and egrets.

3.2.4 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • It is important to regularly maintain all storm water drains in urban areas to

discourage mosquito breeding. Drains that are not regularly cleared of vegetation, and do not have the drain floor graded to eliminate depressions, can pool water from wet season rainfall or dry season low flows. Pools that form along drain lines that have dry season low flows often have a high organic content from vegetation and debris that collects in the drain. These pools are often associated with the presence of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. annulirostris larvae. In the past, the adults of these species have been detected in relatively high numbers at the mine and the golf course site on Groote Eylandt. It is recommended that a storm water drain maintenance program be implemented in Alyangula and at the mine site, and that any drains that require maintenance are cleared and graded before each wet season.



• In light of the importation and establishment of Ae. aegypti in 2006, it is

recommended that an exotic Aedes receptacle breeding survey be conducted by ME at least annually in Alyangula. This is in addition to fortnightly collected ovitraps around Alyangula and the mine site. In addition, receptacle surveys should be conducted on a periodic (1-3 years) basis in Umbakumba and Milyakburra and other small outstations in the area that are considered to be at risk to an exotic vector incursion through overseas importations (illegal foreign fishing vessel landings). The surveys should include premise-by-premise surveys for receptacle breeding mosquitoes in residential areas, as well as person landing and adult trapping targeting exotic vector species. The surveys should be undertaken in liaison with DAWR officers, indigenous ranger groups and GEMCO Environmental staff.

• It is important that adult mosquito surveillance and the ovitrap surveillance programs are maintained on Groote Eylandt, which has a port receiving vessels from South East Asia, residents that regularly travel overseas to countries where diseases like dengue and malaria are prevalent, and has a proven record of being receptive to the establishment of exotic Aedes mosquitoes.

3.3 Nhulunbuy

3.3.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy Thirty eight mosquito species were collected in Nhulunbuy in 2016/17 (Table 13). The most important mosquito species collected in Nhulunbuy in 2016/17, in terms of pest and diseases are shown in Table 14.

3.3.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 3.3.2.1 Monitoring program

There are six routine adult mosquito monitoring sites in Nhulunbuy (Fig. 6). Traps are currently located at Wallaby Beach, Buffalo Creek, Rear Jasper, Contractors Village, the Industrial Estate and Nhulunbuy South. Five traps have been in continuous operation since 1990/91 and a sixth (Industrial Estate) was started in 2004/05. Since November 2015, the East Arnhem Regional Council has operated the program under a DoH funding agreement, with CO2 baited EVS traps set and collected on a fortnightly basis and BG trap set in residential areas during the wet season. Mosquitoes are sent to ME for identification, and the results, comments and control advice are forwarded to the Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited (NCL), Nhulunbuy EHO, Centre for Disease Control Nhulunbuy and Arnhem Land Pest Control (ALPC). The NCL then organises mosquito control as required.

3.3.2.2 Adult Mosquito Control ‘Fogging’ or adulticiding by Ultra Low Volume applications (ULV) conducted by ALPC under direction from NCL is based on adult mosquito monitoring results, with public complaints also influencing fogging frequencies. Fogging thresholds have been previously set for the



mosquito species Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris (Montgomery & Love 1995). Fogging is recommended once a week for two weeks, or until numbers go below the thresholds of Ae. vigilax, when numbers exceed 50/trap night, and when Cx. annulirostris numbers exceed 100/trap night at any of the relevant trap locations. The fogging frequency can increase to three times a week for two weeks on occasions when there are over 100/trap night for Ae. vigilax and over 200/trap night for Cx. annulirostris.

3.3.2.3 Adult mosquito numbers

Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris were the two most commonly collected species in all of the routine Nhulunbuy monitoring traps in 2016/17 (Table 14).

The routine trap sites that usually record high numbers of Ae. vigilax in Nhulunbuy are Buffalo Creek, Wallaby Beach, Contractors Village, Rear Jasper and Nhulunbuy South. These sites are in close proximity to six of the major salt marsh mosquito breeding areas on the Gove Peninsula; namely the upper tidal areas of No Name Creek, the Special Purpose Lease area 270 at the reclaimed red mud ponds (SPL270), Crocodile Creek, the western mudflats, Buffalo Creek and Rainbow Beach.

The major breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris on the Gove Peninsula are in the depressions on the SPL270 at Wallaby Beach, followed by the upper reaches of Freshwater Creek, and Nhulunbuy Lagoon.

In 2016/17, the Wallaby Beach trap site was the most productive site, with 42% of all mosquitoes collected, followed by the Rear Jasper trap (29%) (Table 14).

3.3.2.4 Seasonal occurrence Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris are the two major vector species found on the Gove Peninsula, and their numbers are often closely related to rainfall patterns. During 2016/17, a total of 1437mm of rain was recorded at Gove airport compared to 987mm last year. The average annual rainfall for Gove airport is 1451mm. The highest rainfall occurred in January (296mm), with other major rainfall events occurring in December (184mm) and February (216mm) (Bureau of Meteorology). Aedes vigilax breeds in salt marsh or upper mangrove areas affected by high tides or rain. This species is usually detected in relatively high numbers after spring tides at most routine traps around Gove. However, historically, the largest population peak occurs after the first monsoonal rains when depressions on the SPL270 become filled, causing a hatch of eggs deposited on the surface of the mud during the previous season.

High Ae. vigilax numbers were recorded between December and February, associated with high rainfall, with highest numbers recorded in the Wallaby Beach trap in early January (5372 females).



Culex annulirostris can breed in high numbers in shallow vegetated sections in the reclaimed red mud ponds, and in vegetation that becomes lodged around the margins of the Nhulunbuy Lagoon in the late wet season or in shallow vegetation areas as water levels retreat. In 2016/17, numbers above pest levels of this species were recorded in July and August at the Rear Jasper trap, which is located close to the Nhulunbuy Lagoon. Highest numbers recorded were 814 and 1138 female Cx. annulristris respectively.

3.3.3 Trapping sites There are a number of major mosquito breeding sites around the Gove Peninsular. Adult mosquito dispersal from some of these breeding sites can directly impact on Nhulunbuy residents. The degree of impact can vary depending on the species flight range. The important Ae. vigilax breeding sites are on the SPL270 at Wallaby Beach, Macassar Creek, Crocodile Creek, the western mudflats, No-Name Creek, Buffalo Creek and Rainbow Creek. The main Cx. annulirostris breeding sites are the reclaimed red mud ponds, the top of Freshwater Creek behind Contractors Village and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon. The major malaria vector in the NT, An. farauti s.l., was most commonly detected in the Rear Jasper and Wallaby Beach traps. These trap sites are in close proximity to residential areas with subsequent risks of local malaria transmission if imported malaria cases occur, especially during this species’ peak abundance period from March to June.

3.3.4 Larval survey and control program ALPC carries out larval surveys in liaison with ME. High tides (>2.9-3.0 m) or appreciable rainfall (in excess of 25 mm in 24 hrs) determine the need for larval surveys. Breeding sites are inspected about 2-3 days after rain or high tide events. Larval surveys are limited to areas accessible during the wet season. Some parts of the Western mudflats become inaccessible during the wet season and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the SPL270 are only accessible from the edges. Larval control with B.t.i is therefore limited to the areas that can be controlled by all - terrain vehicle spray equipment.

3.3.4.1 Larval control Larval control is carried out by ALPC, with methoprene products primarily used for larval control at Crocodile Creek, Buffalo Creek, SPL270, the Western Mudflats and around the margins of Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the top of Freshwater Creek.

Although larval survey and control operations target known Ae. vigilax breeding sites, it is possible that some breeding sites remain undetected. Some areas around the Gove Peninsular can be inaccessible during the wet season, thus hindering larval surveys and control operations at these sites. The Nhulunbuy Corporation also organises herbicide of Typha reeds in the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, which contributes to the reduction of mosquito breeding habitats for Cx. annulirostris, Ma. uniformis and Cq. xanthogaster.




In 2016/17, 13 cases of RRV disease (Tables 5 and 7) and one case of BFV disease were recorded in the East Arnhem region (Tables 6 and 8), with five of the RRV disease cases recorded in Nhulunbuy.


The NT sentinel chicken program is designed to detect flavivirus activity, such as MVEV and KUNV. In the 2016/17 season, the sentinel chickens in Nhulunbuy were bled on seven occasions between December 2016 and July 2017, with a total of 75 chickens bled. There were no seroconversions to either MVEV or KUNV (Table 10). Generally, MVEV and KUNV activity in Nhulunbuy is relatively low, with most seroconversions occurring in the period February to June (Table 11). There has only been one recorded case of MVEV disease in the East Arnhem region over the last 30 years, which was in 1981 on Groote Eylandt (Table 9).

3.3.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • An ongoing dry season drain maintenance program is required to ensure the free

flow of water in the Nhulunbuy drains, to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce the risk of mosquito borne disease. In particular, the drains around the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, Nhulunbuy Golf Course and Contractors Village need ongoing maintenance. This should include weediciding to remove vegetation, filling of depressions to prevent pooling, re-engineering where the inverts are at the incorrect level, lining certain areas with rock baskets or concrete, and maintaining the batter to improve water flow and reduce erosion. It is recommended that this program be carried out by Nhulunbuy Corporation in liaison with ME and ALPC, with guidance on the most effective methods of preventing mosquito breeding in town drains.

• ME recommends ongoing maintenance of all fogging tracks during the dry season. These tracks are subject to damage and erosion during the wet season, and if not regularly maintained, can restrict vehicular access, and therefore the overall effectiveness of adult control operations.

• ME recommends regular exotic vector surveys in Nhulunbuy town to be carried out by ME, due to Nhulunbuy being an international port, increasing the risk of exotic mosquito importation.

• Regular reviews and assessments of larval control operations are needed to ensure that all Ae. vigilax control operations are being carried out in all areas within the three to four days after tides or rain events. The strategy of s-methoprene pellets or briquettes use offers great flexibility and certainty in controlling unpredicted hatches of Ae. vigilax.



3.4 Katherine

3.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine Thirty four mosquito species were collected in Katherine in 2016/17 (Table 17). The most important species collected are shown in Table 18.


In 2016/17, mosquito trapping was undertaken by the Katherine Town Council under a new funding agreement with Department of Health, with four CO2 baited EVS traps set fortnightly throughout the year. Three of these sites, the Brigalow Farm (Dairy Dam), Meatworks and the Sewage Ponds are routine trap sites, while the trap at O’Keefe House is set to monitor receptacle breeding mosquitoes (Fig. 7). Adult mosquitoes are sent to ME in Darwin for identification. The results are forwarded to the EHOs in Katherine, who then coordinate mosquito control with the local Katherine Council or other landholders if required.

3.4.2.2 Adult mosquito numbers

The traps indicated that mosquito numbers in Katherine were generally low throughout the year, with an average of 31 mosquitoes collected per trap site (Table 18). The most common mosquito collected was Culex annulirostris, which accounted for 34% of all mosquitoes, followed by Cx. pullus (30%).

3.4.2.3 Seasonal occurrence and trapping sites

Katherine experienced an above average wet season in 2016/17 (Figs. 22 and 23). However, despite the high rainfall, mosquito numbers remained low.

In 2016/17 the Sewerage Pond trap was the most productive trap with 38% of the total catch, followed by the Dairy Dam (30%) and Meatworks with 23% (Table 18).

3.4.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 3.4.3.1 Larval monitoring program

No routine larval mosquito monitoring is carried out in Katherine.


Ross River virus disease cases in Katherine coincide with high rainfall and the start of the increase in Cx. annulirostris numbers. November through to March is the highest risk period for RRV disease. In 2016/17, there were 17 RRV disease cases reported in the Katherine



region (Tables 5 and 7), with nine of these cases reported from Katherine town. The highest numbers of cases (7) was reported in February (Table 5).

No cases of BFV disease were reported in the Katherine region in 2016/17 (Tables 6 and 8).

3.4.4.2 Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjun virus surveillance Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of MVEV and KUNV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2016/17 are summarized in Tables 10 - 12. In 2016/17, the Katherine sentinel chickens were bled six times between December 2016 and June 2017, with a total of 63 chickens bled. There were no seroconversions to MVEV or KUNV in 2016/17 (Table 10).

No human cases of MVEV or KUNV disease were recorded in the region in 2016/17 (Table 9).

3.4.5 Visits and surveys by ME There were no Medical Entomology visits to Katherine in 2016/17.

3.4.6 Engineering measures There are a number of poorly draining areas in Katherine, which require ongoing maintenance to ensure mosquito breeding is minimised. This includes some of the storm water drains with plunge pools and low spots that collect water and can breed mosquitoes, especially when fringing vegetation becomes established. To permanently eliminate mosquito breeding, some drains would require engineering measures.

The vacant Lot 3139 on Riverbank Drive has been identified as a mosquito breeding site during the wet season. The site requires engineering measures to prevent water pooling or regular mosquito larval control by the landowner.

Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • Drain maintenance needs to be ongoing to ensure the free flow of water in the drains

to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce the risk of mosquito borne disease.

• Areas of residual pooling in drains which are not able to be re-contoured should be treated with a residual larvicide to prevent mosquito emergence. Long acting 150 day (s)-methoprene briquettes will inhibit mosquito emergence.

• The vacant Lot 3139 on Riverbank Drive, which is located adjacent to the Primary School and residential area, requires rectification to prevent water accumulating or regular treatment with a residual larvicide during the wet season.



3.5 Tennant Creek

3.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek In 2016/17, 18 mosquito species were recorded in Tennant Creek (Table 19). The most important species collected at the Tennant Creek sewage treatment facility are shown in Table 20.


Historically, routine adult mosquito monitoring in Tennant Creek was conducted during the wet season, with CO2 baited EVS traps set at three routine sites. However, following the second Ae. aegypti elimination program in Tennant Creek from 2012 to 2014, the trapping regime was changed to year round trapping to increase exotic mosquito surveillance. To further enhance exotic mosquito surveillance, the previous two urban CO2 baited EVS traps were replaced with fortnightly roving BG traps. The CO2 baited EVS trap set at the sewage ponds remained in place to allow for mosquito abundance comparison with previous years (Fig. 8). At the conclusion of the Ae. aegypti elimination program in 2014, the responsibility for conducting regular routine monitoring returned to the local EHO in Tennant Creek, with assistance from the Barkly Regional Council under a DoH agreement.

During 2016/17, a total of 34 BG traps were set, including three traps during an exotic mosquito survey carried out by ME staff between 20 and 24 February. No exotic mosquito species were collected in any surveillance traps. Results for the trapping at the sewage ponds are shown in Table 20.

3.5.2.2 Seasonal occurrence and breeding sites Rainfall during 2016/17 was very much above average (Fig. 22), with a total of 710mm recorded, which was higher than the long term average of 476mm. The highest monthly rainfall occurred in January (339mm) and 243mm of that total fell during an eight day period (Bureau of Meteorology). The large amount of rain in January caused an increase in the volume of ponding water at the Tennant Creek sewage ponds and triggered mosquito breeding. Culex annulirostris breeding in the ponds in late February was controlled through insecticide application around pond edges and control of vegetation on pond embankments by slashing and herbicide.

3.5.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program A larval survey of Tennant Creek residential and commercial areas was conducted in February 2017 by ME officers and the Barkly Regional Council Environmental Health Worker. During that survey the town’s storm water drain system was inspected and was found to be in good condition with few areas of pooled water, none with mosquito larvae.




Ross River virus disease cases in Tennant Creek are usually associated with high summer rainfall (November to March) due to the higher number of Cx. annulirostris. In 2016/17 there were three RRV cases and one BFV case recorded in the Barkly region (Tables 7 and 8). Two RRV disease cases were recorded in Tennant Creek.


Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of MVEV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2016/17 are summarised in Tables 10 to 12. The risk period for MVEV disease in Tennant Creek is from February to May, with a correlation with the highest rainfall and the highest Cx. annulirostris numbers. This season, the chickens were bled on six occasions between January and June 2017, with a total of 57 chickens bled. In March one chicken seroconverted to MVEV and four chickens tested positive to KUNV (Table 10). The last MVEV disease case in Tennant Creek occurred in February 2015 (Table 9).

3.5.5 Visits or surveys by ME An exotic mosquito larval survey was conducted by ME officers in Tennant Creek from 20/02/17 to 24/02/17 (Table 27). The main focus of the survey was to confirm the absence of exotic receptacle breeding mosquitoes. Forty-nine residential and commercial properties were surveyed. Receptacle breeding mosquitoes were found at 29 properties and of these properties 13 had multiple breeding sites. The most common mosquito species sampled was Cx. quinquefasciatus (23 properties) while Ae. tremulus was sampled at 14 properties and Ae. notoscriptus at 12 properties. These findings indicate that if Ae. aegypti was again reintroduced to Tennant Creek that there are abundant potential breeding sites throughout the residential area of the town for it to establish and spread. No exotic mosquitoes were found during the survey.

3.5.6 Engineering measures In 2016/17, the Department of Infrastructure carried out drain maintenance works in the main Tennant Creek storm water drains (east drain and south drain).

3.5.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • An ongoing storm water drain maintenance program is required in Tennant Creek

(by DIPL and the Barkly Regional Council) to reduce mosquito breeding and mosquito borne disease. Drain maintenance should be carried out before each wet season to ensure adequate water flow.

• Ongoing sewage ponds maintenance, including weediciding, is required at the

Tennant Creek Sewage Treatment Plant to prevent mosquito breeding. Weediciding



should be carried out on an annual basis before each wet season. If mosquito breeding occurs in the evaporation ponds, the ponds should be treated with s-methoprene pellets or briquettes.

3.6 Alice Springs

3.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs A total of 14 mosquito species were recorded in Alice Springs in 2016/17 (Table 21). The most important species are shown in Tables 22 and 23. In the past, Cx. globocoxitus was collected in relatively high numbers in Ilparpa Swamp. This species is endemic to Central Australia and known to breed in open swamps, tolerating water high in organic matter. However, the Ilparpa Swamp was drained in 2001 and most likely due to the altered environmental conditions, no Cx. globocoxitus were collected after 2010, until this financial year, where a total of 157 adult mosquitoes were collected in traps set in and around the swamp (Table 22).


There are six regular weekly adult mosquito monitoring sites located in Alice Springs, with CO2 baited EVS traps operated by Alice Springs Environmental Health staff (Fig. 9). Medical Entomology carries out the identifications and forwards the results and advice to EH who then coordinates mosquito control, if required.

3.6.2.2 Adult mosquito numbers The average number of female adult mosquitoes per trap night (12.77) collected in all routine adult mosquito monitoring traps in 2016/17 remained relatively low (Table 22). This was also the case for the average number (13.30) of adult female mosquitoes caught in the four continuous routine monitoring traps (Table 23).

Culex annulirostris was by far the most commonly collected species during 2016/17 in all of the traps, comprising 52.93 % of the total mosquitoes trapped, followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus (15.08%) (Table 22).

3.6.2.3 Seasonal occurrence

The total rainfall (284mm) for Alice Springs in 2016/17 was similar to last year, with most rainfall occurring in December (126mm) and January (73mm) (Fig. 17). Rainfall in Alice Springs varies between years, with heavy rain usually occurring when tropical depressions bring heavy summer rain from the north-west.



Although average Cx. annulirostris numbers were slightly higher in January and February compared to the last four financial years, they still remained relatively low and well below pest numbers (Figs 17 and 18).

3.6.2.4 Trapping sites In 2016/17, Ilparpa Swamp B was the most prolific collection site, with 38.23% of the total catch, followed by Greatorex Road (21.73%) and Ilparpa Swamp A (17.76%) (Table 22). While Cx. annulirostris was the dominant species around Ilparpa Swamp, elevated numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus were again collected in the Bloomfield Street trap (Table 22), where a collapsed section of a stormwater drain pipe pools water and continuously breeds mosquitoes.

3.6.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 3.6.3.1 Monitoring program

In July 2016, Environmental Health staff undertook mosquito larval surveys in potential problem drains in Alice Springs. Drains surveyed were found breeding Culex quinquefasciatus with some drains also breeding Cx. australicus. All drains surveyed require maintenance, as grass, Typha reeds and algae were found growing in the drains, providing suitable mosquito breeding habitat. Drains surveyed included the Barrett Drive, Stephens Rd, Yarabah, Larapinta, Brown St, Frank McEllister Park, Patterson St, Leichardt Tce, Cromwell Dr and Wills Tce drains, as well as the golf course drain, the railway drain, a drain off Smith St and the drain between Sargent St and Dixon Rd.

Following a complaint, the drain adjacent to Charles Darwin University was inspected in November, with mosquito breeding found. The drain requires rectification to prevent mosquito breeding in the future.

3.6.3.2 Breeding sites

No regular mosquito larval control is carried out in the Ilparpa Swamp due to the size (approximately 130 ha) and inaccessibility of the swamp, and the lack of local aerial control equipment. When adult vector mosquito numbers exceed indicator thresholds in the routine adult mosquito monitoring traps, adult fogging operations are conducted around the swamp margins using ULV equipment mounted on a vehicle. It is recognised that this method of control is not very effective, due to the wide extent of the swamp and the dense vegetation. However, it can have an effect on average longevity of vectors, which may tip the balance to reduce vector borne disease transmission.

Mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp can also be reduced through controlled treated effluent release from the sewage ponds into the swamp. The timing and location of effluent release is crucial to reduce the availability of potential breeding habitat. ME recommends effluent release into the swamp A area (eastern end) through the EP10 scour outlet (outfall 2), as this greatly reduces the swamp area available for mosquito breeding. In an emergency, effluent might also be released into the swamp B area (western end).



To allow summer rain and related effluent flows to be retained in the ponds, effluent discharge should occur during autumn and winter (between May and August) and early to mid-spring. Effluent should not be released after the end of October, to allow the swamp to dry up before summer rain and higher temperatures occur, promoting Cx. annulirostris breeding. If effluent is released in summer, it should be pulse released, with a few days release followed by a spell of enough days to let all or most of the released water evaporate, infiltrate or drain via the Ilparpa outlet drain. A drainage system installed in 2002, together with improved treated effluent discharge management at the adjacent sewerage ponds, has led to reduced Cx. annulirostris breeding in the swamp. However, very large rainfall and subsequent treated effluent releases can still cause extensive flooding.


High summer rainfall (Dec – Feb) is likely to result in localised flooding and pooling that creates breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris, the main vector for RRV disease. In 2016/17, Alice Springs received only moderate rainfall in this period, and RRV disease cases remained relatively low, with seventeen cases reported in the region, of which eleven were reported in Alice Springs town (Fig. 18, Tables 5 and 7). Two BFV disease cases were reported in the Alice Springs region in January and May (Table 6).

3.6.4.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance The highest risk period for mosquito borne disease in the Alice Springs region is between January and May when Cx. annulirostris numbers are highest due to high summer rainfall (Fig. 17). MVEV seroconversions of sentinel chicken flocks occur in Alice Springs primarily between February and June (Table 11). However, since the Ilparpa Swamp was drained in 2001 there has been very little MVEV activity detected in Alice Springs. In 2016/17, the sentinel chickens were bled six times between December and May (Table 10). A total of 62 chickens were tested, with no seroconversions to MVEV or KUNV (Table 10). No MVEV or KUNV disease cases were reported in the Alice Springs region in 2016/17 (Table 9).

3.6.5 Visits or surveys by ME Medical Entomology did not visit Alice Springs in 2016/17.

3.6.6 Engineering measures No engineering measures were carried out in Alice Springs in 2016/17.



3.6.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • Many Alice Springs storm water drains are in poor condition. To prevent mosquito

breeding in those drains, an ongoing drain maintenance program is required, with silt or vegetation removal or rectification to be carried out before each summer.

• Drains which are breeding mosquitoes should be treated with (s)-methoprene briquettes until maintenance can be implemented.

• The Ilparpa Swamp outlet drain maintenance responsibility issue needs to be resolved in liaison with DIPL and PWC in order to keep the drain functional to reduce mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp. The main outlet drain to St. Mary’s Creek needs to be cleared of vegetation and silt regularly to ensure it flows freely when major flooding occurs.

4 MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

4.1 Ross River virus disease Ross River virus (RRV) disease is the most common arbovirus (arthropod borne) disease in the Northern Territory (NT). The virus belongs to the alphavirus family. The major vectors for RRV in the coastal areas of the Top End are Aedes vigilax and Culex annulirostris, with Cx. annulirostris and Ae. normanensis the probable main vectors in sub-coastal and inland areas. Aedes normanensis commonly occurs sub-coastally south of Darwin to around the Tennant Creek area. It has been collected in Alice Springs but is relatively uncommon south of Tennant Creek.

The isolation of RRV from the domestic receptacle breeding mosquito Ae. notoscriptus was first documented in the NT and later in Queensland and New South Wales (Russell 2002). Information on its vector competence indicates that this species may play a minor part as an urban vector of RRV, with this occurring in situations where Ae. notoscriptus numbers are relatively high and RRV disease cases are present.

In 2016/17, there were 189 laboratory confirmed RRV cases in the NT (Fig. 20, Tables 7). This is the lowest since 2004/05, when 173 cases were reported (Table 7). Most (139) cases were recorded in the Darwin region, with the highest case numbers recorded in February (21) and March (21) (Table 5). Overall, the relatively low number of cases in 2016/17 were most likely due to the relatively low number of Cx. annulirostris (Fig. 15). The low vector numbers would have been due to high volumes of water flushing favourable breeding sites and allowing fish movement, lower nutrient levels, as well as high densities of biological control agents during this extensive wet season.

Case numbers reported in the East Arnhem (13), Katherine (17), Barkly (3) and Alice Springs regions (17) were similar to previous years (Table 7). In the Darwin region there were 51 cases reported in urban Darwin, 31 in Palmerston and 45 in rural Darwin (Litchfield Shire). This represents an attack rate (cases per 100,000



population) of 61 in Darwin urban (population: 83,465), 91 in Palmerston (population: 34,000) and 188 in rural Darwin (population: 24,000). Population figures from Australian Bureau of Statistics.

The high attack rate in the Darwin rural area is due to the large number of lagoons, swamps and wetlands near residences, producing high numbers of vector mosquitoes during the high risk period for RRV. It is noteworthy that 22 cases in Darwin rural were reported from Humpty Doo, where a large number of lagoons occur.

4.2 Barmah Forest virus disease Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease is the second most common arbovirus disease in the NT. The symptoms of this disease are similar to RRV disease but are milder and of shorter duration. The isolation of BFV from Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris and Ae. normanensis in the NT indicates that these species are the probable vectors in the NT. The isolation of BFV from Ae. vigilax in Gove in the NT during the first recorded outbreak of BFV disease indicates that this species is probably the principal vector in coastal areas of the NT. Vector competence work on Ae. notoscriptus indicates that this species may also be involved as an urban vector of BFV disease under certain circumstances. Verrallina funerea has also been implicated as a possible vector interstate, and this species is common in some coastal areas in the NT during the wet season.

In 2016/17, 21 cases of BFV disease cases were reported in the NT. Most cases (17) were recorded in the Darwin region, with two cases reported in the Alice Springs region and one case each in the East Arnhem and Barkly regions. No cases were recorded in the Katherine region (Tables 6 and 8). Reported BFV disease case numbers have declined significantly since the removal of a commercial lab test kit in 2013, which was responsible for a large number of false positives.

4.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) disease is a potentially fatal disease caused by infection with the flavivirus MVEV. The vector of MVEV in the NT is thought to be primarily Cx. annulirostris, with Cx. palpalis possibly involved near large coastal swamp areas associated with the larger rivers.

Three MVE media warnings were issued in 2016/17, with no MVE cases recorded in the NT in 2016/17 (Table 9).

4.4 Kunjin virus disease Kunjin virus (KUNV) is another member of the flavivirus family. Human cases and seroconversions in sentinel chickens occur periodically throughout mainland Australia and are commonly recorded in the NT and the north west of Western Australia. KUNV causes an illness characterised by fever and severe headache and usually has much less severe



symptoms than MVEV disease, with encephalitis a rare occurrence. The vector for KUNV in the NT is thought to be primarily Cx. annulirostris.

No KUNV disease cases were recorded in the NT in 2016/17 (Table 9).

5 ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH

5.1 Sentinel Chicken Program The sentinel chicken program in the Northern Territory (NT) is part of a national program involving the NT, Western Australia, New South Wales and Victoria and is designed to detect flavivirus activity (including the endemic arboviruses Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV), as well as exotic arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis (Broome et al. 2001)). The current NT program commenced in January 1992 and replaced an earlier program run by Commonwealth Quarantine. Sentinel chicken flocks in the NT are maintained, bled and analysed for flavivirus in a combined program between the NT Department of Health, the virology laboratories of the Department of Primary Industry and Resources (DPIR) and volunteers.

Sentinel chicken flocks are located at Leanyer (Darwin), Howard Springs, Beatrice Hill Research Farm, Batchelor, Katherine, Nhulunbuy, Tennant Creek and Alice Springs (Fig. 21). DPIR officers or volunteers usually bleed flocks once a month and the samples are tested for MVEV and KUNV. When chickens from a flock show new antibodies to MVEV or KUNV during a prime risk period, a media warning is issued. These warnings advise residents of the need to take added precautions to avoid mosquito bites. Chickens are replaced if birds die or a large proportion of a flock seroconverts. They are positioned to detect flavivirus activity near the principal towns of the NT and hence provide an indication of risk to people in those towns. Since February 2012, the NT sentinel chickens have been bled only during the highest MVE risk period between December and June inclusive, with limited testing in July and August, in years of possible extended virus activity.

In the 2016/17 season, one sentinel chicken from the Tennant Creek flock seroconverted to MVEV in March (Table 10). Chickens seroconverted to Kunjin virus (KUNV) in Leanyer (Darwin urban) and Howard Springs (Darwin rural) in February and in Howard Springs and Tennant Creek in March (Table 10). No MVEV or KUNV disease cases were reported in the NT in 2016/17 (Table 9).

In 2017, ME took again part in this year’s ‘Sentinel Mosquito Arbovirus Collection Kit’ (SMACK) trial across northern Australia, in liaison with James Cook University, the Western Australian Department of Health and PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA. The project, commenced in January, and was funded by the Funding Initiative for Mosquito Management in Western Australia. The project will continue until the end of August 2017, with the aim to evaluate SMACK traps using FTA cards for arbovirus surveillance in remote areas in



parallel with sentinel chickens. In the NT, two SMACKs are set fortnightly in Darwin urban (Leanyer) and at the Beatrice Hill Research Farm (Darwin rural).

Medical Entomology assisted Elina Panahi, a Master student from Griffith University, who was based at the ME laboratory in Darwin from 16 January to 7 April 2017 to investigate Lasiohelea species as the possible Australian Leishmania-transmitting vector. Lasiohelea collected by aspiration from macropods and in CO2 baited EVS traps with FTA cards at the Territory Wildlife Park were transported to the laboratory to feed on the cards. The FTA cards were then analysed for the parasite and an attempt was made to identify the positive Lasiohelea to species level. Results from this study are expected in 2018.

6 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE

6.1 Case data People affected by malaria in the Northern Territory (NT) are likely to report to medical practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid detection, treatment and reporting of the case, and allowing for timely entomological investigations. A delay in the detection of a case can delay the epidemiological and entomological investigations which are used to determine if further action is required. If action is delayed, the likelihood of the parasite developing sexual stages in the blood of the patient, which can then be transmitted to local vector Anopheles mosquitoes, is increased.

The number of malaria cases imported into the NT each year is variable and is related to the volume, travel destinations, time of year and the malaria situation in the various countries visited by travellers. The area north of the 19° parallel (just north of Tennant Creek) is regarded as the area receptive to malaria reintroduction in the NT, but transmission can occur throughout the whole of the Territory during summer.

There were 19 cases of imported malaria in the NT reported to CDC in 2016/17, which was similar to last year (17). Fourteen of the cases were recorded in the Darwin region, four in the Alice Springs region and one in the Katherine region (Table 25). Eight malaria cases originated from West Papua, seven from Africa, two from PNG, one from the Solomon Islands and one from Pakistan.

The main parasite detected in imported malaria cases in the NT was Plasmodium falciparum, accounting for 12 cases, with P. vivax accounting for seven cases and P. ovale for one case. One case was infected with both P. falciparum and P. vivax parasites (Table 25).

Seven of the cases required entomological investigation, with no mosquito control required in 2016/17 (Table 25).



7 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS

7.1 Development comments Routine planning and development responses have been devolved from the central Environmental Health Directorate to regional Environmental Health Offices. Each region is responsible for a coordinated NT Department of Health (DoH) response to the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics (DIPL) for planning developments in that region. Each region submits planning proposals to Medical Entomology (ME) for comment when there are potential biting insect problems, or for the larger urban and rural residential developments. The urban and rural residential development planning process in Darwin usually requires a ME officer to evaluate or approve certain aspects such as drainage construction before title to the land is issued.

For larger projects such as Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Preliminary Environmental Reports, where specific advice on biting insects is sought at an early planning stage (Notice of Intent), ME continues to liaise with the Environmental Protection Agency or the proponent.

Routine planning applications for the Darwin region in 2016/17 generally covered the Darwin urban, Palmerston and Darwin rural districts. Major projects requiring ME input included the ongoing development of the new suburb of Zuccoli in Palmerston and Muirhead in Darwin, as well as comments on the early stage of Berrimah Farm subdivision.

7.2 Development investigations

7.2.1 Litchfield Shire Rural Activity Centres A 12 month baseline biting insect assessment, commissioned by DIPL, commenced in three areas in the Litchfield Shire chosen to potentially have rural activity centres, which includes urban density living. Thirteen adult mosquito trap sites were established around the proposed centres of Coolalinga, Humpty Doo and Howard Springs. Baseline trapping occurred between April 2016 and July 2017 to ensure the baseline program covered two post wet season periods. A preliminary progress report outlining the results and recommendations was prepared and submitted to DIPL (Table 28).

8 MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING

8.1 Mosquito awareness campaign A mosquito awareness campaign was conducted this year, included self-protection and mosquito borne disease awareness through newspapers, TV and radio interviews.



Various interviews were given during periods of high mosquito numbers or potential disease risks across the Northern Territory. In 2016/17, the NT Department of Health (DoH) issued a total of ten biting insect related press releases, including warnings for Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin and Ross River virus, high numbers of pest mosquitoes and biting midges and dengue mosquito related activities in Jabiru, Pine Creek and Tennant Creek. In addition, DoH again launched its MVE public awareness campaign in January to increase risk awareness in remote communities, with messages delivered in language on radio and via Facebook across the NT. The RRV public awareness radio campaign also ran again over the Christmas holiday period, with the same messages aired as in 2015/16, warning the public of the RRV risk and backyard mosquito breeding.

8.2 Medical Entomology training In 2016/17, ME staff attended an Aboriginal Cultural Awareness course and an Aggression and Performance Management course, and professional staff attended the 12th Mosquito Control Association of Australia and Arbovirus in Australia Symposium (Table 27).

8.3 Public enquiries A total of 38 public enquiries were recorded in 2016/17, with most of the enquiries coming from the general public (17) followed by businesses and government agencies (7 enquiries each), the media (6) and one medical query. The majority of enquiries were regarding mosquitoes (28) of which 10 were complaints about high mosquito numbers. The remaining ten queries were in regards to bites and stings, ticks and mites, flies and maggots, spiders, beetles and general taxonomy.

9 COMMITTEES AND ADVISORY GROUPS

9.1 National Arbovirus And Malaria Advisory Committee The National Arbovirus Advisory Committee (NAAC) was formed in September 2000 after the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP) formally agreed to form a technical advisory group to report to the NPHP through the Communicable Disease Network of Australia (CDNA). This decision was in part a result of pressure from the Chief Health Officer (CHO) of the NT. In 2003, the NAAC was renamed the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee (NAMAC) to reflect and include aspects of malaria surveillance in Australia. A number of NAMAC telephone conferences were held in 2016/17, and a face to face meeting in May 2017. The main topics discussed were exotic mosquito incursions at first ports of entry in Australia, insecticide resistance in exotic vectors, the risk of Zika virus for Australia, the Aedes albopictus project in the Torres Strait, progress on the Qld Wolbachia trial, barcoding of Australian mosquitoes to progress taxonomy, the Senate enquiry into Lyme disease and the national and global malaria situation.



The NAMAC working group for the development of national guidelines for exotic mosquitoes finalised the guidelines, which are now in the final review phase. The NAMAC makes recommendations to CDNA on surveillance models for arboviruses. It will also make recommendations on a Memorandum of Understanding between States, Territories and the Commonwealth, detailing co-operation in relation to arbovirus matters, including surveillance and control of exotic vectors, information dissemination and arbovirus disease response plans, as well as recommendations towards strategic approaches for arbovirus disease management and control. The NAMAC website is:

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-arboanrep.htm

9.2 The Northern Territory Zoonosis Committee The Northern Territory (NT) Zoonosis Committee was formed in 1996 to establish the lines of communication between NT Department of Health (DoH) and relevant sections of other departments for the efficient management of zoonosis in the NT. The role of the NT Zoonosis Committee is to maintain a forum for discussion and exchange of information about zoonotic diseases, and to help inform biosecurity policy development with respect to zoonotic diseases by maintaining a network of stakeholders and opinion leaders. In addition, it is the committee’s role to provide expert technical advice to the NT Government on public health risks caused by diseases of animals and environmental pathogens. In 2016/17, the NT Zoonosis Committee discussed several topics, including bat lyssavirus, Anthrax, the risk of Brucellosis for hunters in the NT, increase in Melioidosis cases and elevated lead levels in cattle around McArthur River mine.

10 PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS

In 2016/17, Medical Entomology produced four scientific publications on determining Culex annulirostris larval densities and control efforts across an NT coastal wetland, the Darwin 2016/17 aerial salt marsh mosquito surveillance and control season and a series of exotic mosquito detections at Darwin International Airport between February 2015 and January 2016, and co-authored a paper on studies of the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti from Timor-Leste to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides (Table 28).

ME also produced eight scientific reports, including two biting insect baseline assessments and six reports on exotic mosquito surveillance carried out in regional NT centres (Table 28).

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-arboanrep.htm



In September, two presentations on exotic vector detections at the Darwin International airport and Cx. annulirostris larval densities and control efforts in an NT coastal wetland were given at the 12th Mosquito Control Association of Australia & Arbovirus in Australia Symposium at the Gold Coast, with another two presentations on insects of medical importance associated with the six Indigenous seasons and on Zika virus given at the CDC conference in Darwin.

In November, the ME director presented on the Ae. aegypti incursion in Tennant Creek at the Exotic Mosquito Management Course at Port Stephens and at the Menzies School of Health Research on exotic vector surveillance in the NT and on ME mosquito surveillance and control programs for RDH Registrars in April. In addition, the Advice and Control Officer presented at the Mosquito Borne Disease Symposium in Melbourne in June.

11 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS

Cataloguing and improving the medically important arthropods reference collections has continued this year. The reference collection is continually added to from each locality visited or as relevant specimens become available from the monitoring programs. The majority of the collection consists of mosquitoes and biting midges, but also includes other insects and arthropods of medical importance. This reference collection is a valuable resource and is the definitive collection of mosquitoes from the Northern Territory.

12 DATA MANAGEMENT

12.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System The Medical Entomology (ME) Access database stores all insect specimen records and related control activities and allows data to be retrieved and collated for trend analysis and report writing.

ME also utilises an Access database for data management such as public enquiries, and for publication and report management, as well as to manage its electronic alpha and handout filing systems.

12.2 Geographic Information Systems Medical Entomology has a Geographical Information System (GIS) for ME mosquito monitoring, survey and control programs. This system has been developed to aid recording, reporting and performing spatial analysis of mosquito breeding issues in the Northern Territory. It has continuously been applied to the Leanyer, Holmes Jungle, Micket Creek and Shoal Bay Swamp mosquito helicopter surveys and baseline biting insect investigations. It has also been used to record all known major potential mosquito breeding sites in urban Darwin for the ground survey and control program. The system allows outputs in the form of maps of areas and the results of larval surveys.



13 STAFF MATTERS

In late August, Storm Barrett temporarily transferred to a Technical Officer position at DPIR and Chunya Rae took up the ME Administrative position in November. In December, the Operations Manager, Alexander Roberts commenced 12 month of paternity leave. To accommodate the situation, Nadine Copley was temporarily transferred to a supernumerary Senior Technical Officer position level 4 to carry out aerial mosquito control operations and supervise the day to day technical ME duties including technical staff supervision, with assistance from the ME Director. To ensure all ME core technical activities could continue, Adam Bourke was recruited to a supernumerary Technical Officer level 1 position in December, where he contributed to the unit’s goals until he moved on in March. In March, Jane Carter, the Senior Technical Officer also returned from 12 month. Jane was temporarily promoted to Senior Technical Officer level 4, while Nadine returned to higher duties on the technical 3 level. Medical Entomology is a small but highly productive team, making a large and measurable contribution to the health and well-being of the people of the Northern Territory. The unit, together with other members of the NT Department of Health, individuals, government and local government departments, and other organisations who have assisted in the mosquito monitoring and control program, have once again made a significant contribution in preventing mosquito pest and disease problems in the NT. Nina Kurucz Director - Medical Entomology

November 2017

14 REFERENCES

Broom A, Whelan PI, Smith D, Lindsay M, Melville L, Bolisetty S, Wheaton G and Brown Alex (2001). ‘An outbreak of Australian encephalitis in western Australia and central Australia (Northern Territory and South Australia) during the 2000 wet season’. Arbovirus Research in Australia, Vol 8.

Kurucz N, Markey P, Draper A, Melville L, weir R. Davis S, Warchot A, Boyd R and Stockeld D (2016). ‘Investigation into High Barmah Forest Virus Disease Case Numbers Reported in the Northern Territory, Australia in 2012–2013.’ Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 16:2:110-116.

Kurucz N and Warchot A (2017). ‘The Darwin aerial salt marsh mosquito surveillance and control season 2016/17 and future implications.’ Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin 24:1:32-36.



Meeraus WH, Armistead JS and Aria JR (2008). ‘Field comparison of novel and gold standard traps for collecting Aedes albopictus in northern Virginia’. J. AM Mos Control Assoc 24(2): 344-348.

Montgomery B and Love B (1995). Nhulunbuy and Wallaby Beach mosquito investigation 20 - 23 March 1995. Department of Health and Community Services, Branch Report.

Russell RC (2002). Ross River virus: Ecology and distribution. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 1-31.

Warchot A, Kurucz N and Copley, N (2015). ‘Environmental changes – a challenge for mosquito control in the Lee Point area, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia’. The Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin. 22(4):21-24. 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable contributions and ready assistance over the last year:

DoH Centre for Disease Control; A/Chief Health Officer;

Medical Entomology staff; Menzies School of Health Research; DoH Environmental Health;

DoH Transport; DoH Library; Nhulunbuy Corporation; Arnhem Land Pest Control;

Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics; City of Darwin; City of Palmerston;

Litchfield Council; Barkly Regional Council; East Arnhem Regional Council;

Katherine Town Council; Environmental Protection Agency; Parks & Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory;



Land Development Corporation;

Darwin Port Corporation; Territoria Civil - Shoal Bay Dump; EcOz Australia Pty Ltd;

Pacific Biologics; Australian Defence Force; Power and Water Authority;

Commonwealth Department of Agriculture and Water Resources; GEMCO - Groote Eylandt; Jayrow Helicopters;

University of Western Australia; University of Queensland; Queensland Health; Department of Health WA;

Department of Primary Industry and Resources; Department of Microbiology, Path West WA Sentinel chicken volunteers;

Garrards – Darwin; Darwin Waterfront Corporation; Byrne Consultants;

Northern Planning Consultants; Investa; Urbex Pty Ltd;

BMD; Jacobs; Land Development Corporation;

Gwalwa Daraniki Association; Cardno; NS Projects; Costojic;

Flanagan Consulting Group; Defence Housing Australia; JKC Australia LNG Pty Ltd.

Our apologies to anyone inadvertently omitted. If you have been inadvertently omitted could you please advise Nina Kurucz on (08) 89228333.

TABLES


TABLE 1:

Mosquito species

collected in 2016/17

Ad. (Ady) catasticta Cx. (Lop) cubiculi Ad. (Ady) catasticta

Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Cx. (Lop) hilli Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus

Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Cx. (Lop) species 154 Ae. (Fin) kochi

Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Cx. (Lop) species 155 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus

Ae. (Fin) britteni Cx. (Lop) species 167 Ae. (Mac) nr species 121

Ae. (Fin) kochi Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus Ae. (Mac) species 76

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Cx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus**

Ae. (Mac) tremulus

Ae. (Fin) quasirubithorax s.l. Cx. (Ocu) squamosus Ae. (Muc) alternans

Ae. (Lor) dasyorrhus Cx. (Ocu) starckeae Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis

Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ho. ( ) species 157 Ae. (Och) normanensis

Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ho. spoliata ?#

Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus

Ae. (Mac) species 70 Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ae. (Och) vigilax

Ae. (Mac) species 76 Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Ae. (Rhi) longirostris

Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Mi. (Eto) elegans Ae. (Stg) albopictus^^

Ae. (Mac) stoneorum Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica Ae. daliensis

Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ml. ( ) genurostris An. (Ano) bancroftii

Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis An. (Ano) powelli

Ae. (Muc) alternans Tp. (Trp) magnesianus An. (Cel) amictus

Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Tx. (Tox) speciosus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

Ae. (Och) normanensis Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis An. (Cel) farauti s.l.

Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Ur. (Pfc) hirsutifemora An. (Cel) hilli

Ae. (Och) vigilax Ur. (Ura) albescens An. (Cel) meraukensis

Ae. (Och) vittiger Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis An. (Cel) novaguinensis

Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Ur. (Ura) lateralis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster

Ae. (Stg) aegypti*

Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis Cx. (Cui) pullus

Ae. (Stg) albopictus*

Ur. (Ura) nivipes Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Ae. (Stg) scutellaris grp Ur. (Ura) paralateralis? Cx. (Cux) palpalis

Ae. daliensis Ur. (Ura) species 156 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

An. (Ano) bancroftii Ur. (Ura) species 49 Cx. (Cux) sitiens

An. (Ano) powelli Ur. (Ura) species 82 Cx. (Cux) vicinus

An. (Cel) amictus Ur. (Ura) tibialis Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ve. (Ver) funerea Cx. (Lop) cubiculi

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Ve. (Ver) reesi Cx. (Lop) hilli

An. (Cel) hilli Cx. (Lop) species 155

An. (Cel) meraukensis Cx. (Lop) species 167

An. (Cel) novaguinensis Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Ocu) squamosus

Cx. (Cui) fragilis*

Ho. ( ) species 157

Cx. (Cui) pullus Lu. (Met) halifaxii

Cx. (Cui) spathifurca*

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Mi. (Eto) elegans

Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis

Cx. (Cux) gelidus Tp. (Trp) magnesianus

Cx. (Cux) palpalis Ur. (Ura) albescens

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ur. (Ura) lateralis

Cx. (Cux) sitiens Ur. (Ura) nivipes

Cx. (Cux) species 32 Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis

Cx. (Cux) species 92 Ur. (Ura) species 49

Cx. (Cux) vicinus Ve. (Ver) funerea

Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Ve. (Ver) reesi

^^ Two adult Ae. (Stg) albopictus detected by DAWR mosquito

monitroing program in CO2 baited BG traps. Collected at East Arm Wharf

on 5 & 6/6/17. This species is currently not established in Darwin or

anywhere else in the NT.

Mosquito species collected in Darwin and Palmerston by ME - all collection methods

Mosquito species

collected from 1973 to 2015/16

* Ae. (Stg) aegypti , Ae. (Stg) albopictus , Cx (Cui) fragilis, Cx. (Cui) spathifurca were previously detected by DAWR during quarantine

inspections. These species are currently not established in Darwin or anywhere else in the NT.

** An exotic mosquito detected at Marrara in May 2011 - Cx. (Ocu) cornutus had been tentatively identified from 2 specimens only and was verified

by R. Russell of Westmead Hospital in NSW, but requires additional specimens to confirm its identification. It was detected through the weekly Darwin

adult mosquito monitoring program. Further DNA analysis indicates that this species is closer to the endemic NT species Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus

and is now being identified as Cx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus .

# An exotic mosquito, tentatively identified as Ho. spoliata was collected in a routine DAWR trap 16/1/13 at the East Arm Wharf in Darwin. This

damaged specimen was the only specimen collected, with the importation most likely associated with the arrival of an international vessel.

Note: Other species collected in the Darwin Region include: Ae. (Cha) tulliae, Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis, Ae. (Och) species 159 , Ae. (Och) species 85, Cq. (Coq) near crassipes , Mi. (Ing) species 172, Mi. (Mim) species

166, Ve. (Ver) leilae.

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TABLE 2: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2016 TO JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBERS OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE FOURTEEN WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL AVERAGE %

NO. PER

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other TRAP

1 Leanyer Gate 15 4176 5 17 25 7 108 1445 339 1755 7892 52 151.77 7.61

2 Longwood Ave 18 4294 31 126 9 6 139 2468 65 1469 8625 52 165.87 8.31

3 Leanyer Dump 21 4240 55 88 33 24 206 3367 189 1051 9274 52 178.35 8.94

4 Karama 134 16853 387 947 59 342 764 9800 93 1976 31355 52 602.98 30.22

5 Palm Creek 24 7756 975 641 47 235 3420 5579 88 3051 21816 52 419.54 21.03

6 Brandt Rd *1

17 5 7 72 4 10 35 900 37 262 1349 5 269.80 1.30

7 Marrara Round Swamp 174 482 45 25 0 119 481 957 35 511 2829 52 54.40 2.73

8 Aviation Museum 441 980 9 33 1 17 584 1627 13 1035 4740 52 91.15 4.57

9 Marrara Rifle Range 235 962 12 62 0 32 477 1571 28 2571 5950 52 114.42 5.74

10 Botanic Gardens*2

10 1 1 1 0 1 17 108 12 46 197 18 10.94 0.19

11 Richardson Park*3

14 656 0 3 0 0 100 279 1 552 1605 36 44.58 1.55

12 Casuarina 38 708 16 18 0 1 597 1121 38 -481 2056 52 39.54 1.98

13 Coconut Grove 187 574 3 14 1 2 55 269 7 909 2021 52 38.87 1.95

14 Totem Road 33 1158 1 42 2 8 20 540 6 2223 4033 46 87.67 3.89

TOTALS 1361 42845 1547 2089 181 804 7003 30031 951 16930 103742 677 153.24 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 2.01 63.29 2.29 3.09 0.27 1.19 10.34 44.36 1.40 25.01 153.24

PERCENTAGE % 1.31 41.30 1.49 2.01 0.17 0.77 6.75 28.95 0.92 16.32 100.00

TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES

Note: *1

- 'Brandt Rd' set for one month only between January and February 2017, *2

- 'Botanic Gardens collected from February 2017, *3

- 'Richardson Park', no traps were set at this site between 18/1/17 and 15/5/17.

NO. OF

SUCCESSFUL

TRAP

NIGHTS

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TABLE 3: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN

AVERAGE NUMBER OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALES CAUGHT IN ELEVEN

CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 2011/12 TO 2016/17.

SPECIES

2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.3

Ae. (Och) vigilax 53.9 60.0 41.4 40.9 68.7 74.5

An. (Ano) bancroftii 11.4 9.3 6.3 11.5 5.7 2.7

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 8.6 6.2 3.0 3.3 2.7 3.6

An. (Cel) hilli 2.4 1.8 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.3

An. (Cel) meraukensis 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.4

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 41.9 36.5 36.2 29.6 22.2 12.1

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 59.8 110.1 92.6 117.9 65.8 51.7

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 14.5 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6

Other species 17.8 26.5 10.2 15.3 22.7 27.4

TOTALS 214.3 254.8 194.6 223.1 191.9 177.7

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. * includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis

AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT

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TABLE 4: DARWIN - ROUTINE LARVAL SURVEY AND CONTROL PROGRAM 2016/17.

Suburb No

. o

f si

tes

surv

eyed

No

. o

f ti

mes

bre

edin

g

Ae.

(A

dm

) a

lbo

scu

tell

atu

s

Ae.

(M

uc)

alt

ern

an

s

Ae.

(O

ch)

vig

ila

x

Ae.

(R

hi)

lo

ng

iro

stri

s

Ae.

da

lien

sis

An

. (C

el)

hil

li

Cu

lici

ne

pu

pa

e

Cx

. (C

ui)

pu

llu

s

Cx

. (C

ux

) a

nn

uli

rost

ris

Cx

. (C

ux

) g

elid

us

Cx

. (C

ux

) si

tien

s

Cx

. (C

ux

) sp

ecie

s

Lu

. (M

et)

ha

lifa

xii

Ur.

(U

ra)

late

rali

s

Ur.

(U

ra)

spec

ies

Ve.

(V

er)

fun

erea

N/A

mo

squ

ito

+

Nil

mo

squ

ito

es

No

sa

mp

le s

ent

No

t co

llec

ted

mo

squ

ito

es

Ba

rrie

r co

ntr

ol

Gra

yb

ate

10

SG

N/A

++

No

tre

atm

ent

Pro

-lin

k B

riq

uet

tes

Pro

-lin

k P

elle

ts

To

tal

No

. o

f T

rea

tmen

ts

Alawa 5 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 3

Bayview 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Casuarina Coastal Reserve^ 47 22 2 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 15 5 7 4 0 4 1 18 1 23 28

Charles Darwin National Park* 31 10 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 10 14 0 0 0 2 0 19 10 0 12

Coconut Grove 19 7 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 8 0 0 0 4 0 6 2 7 13

Cullen Bay 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 0 0 0 1 0 8 0 2 3

Darwin Botanical Gardens* 64 29 0 0 11 0 0 0 1 0 12 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 21 19 2 0 0 0 0 19 0 45 45

Darwin Port 6 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 2

East Arm 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

East Point 96 46 3 0 33 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 30 22 5 1 0 19 0 53 0 24 43

Fannie Bay 15 7 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 1 0 0 3 0 4 0 8 11

Frances Bay 16 10 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 1 3 0 6 0 6 10

Kulaluk 60 36 1 1 14 1 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 11 14 11 6 0 0 13 0 29 0 18 31

Lee Point 73 38 1 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 17 13 10 0 0 9 0 24 0 40 49

Ludmilla 49 36 0 2 15 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 9 3 16 4 0 0 12 0 15 1 21 34

Mindil Beach 27 15 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 12 1 0 0 5 0 15 0 7 12

Nightcliff 25 16 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 3 5 3 0 0 4 0 7 0 14 18

Rapid Creek 12 7 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 0 0 0 2 0 5 2 3 7

The Gardens 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 2

Vestey's Lake 35 14 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 6 17 0 0 0 7 0 14 0 14 21

Total 599 301 8 6 171 11 1 1 1 1 37 1 12 2 2 1 1 45 150 163 41 5 1 89 1 253 17 238 345

Larval survey details No. of times mosquito species present

Note: * Surveys and control carried out by Parks and Wildlife Commission NT. ^ Surveys and control carried out by Medical Entomology, but funded by PWCNT. +N/A mosquito = Site was not pooling water, or was not accessible. N/A++

= Site was not accessible.

No. of treatments

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TABLE 5:

ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC

(BY REGION PER MONTH)

JUL 2016 TO JUN 2017

MONTH REGION TOTALS

Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine

JULY 1 0 15 1 0 17

AUGUST 1 0 14 0 0 15

SEPTEMBER 0 0 6 0 0 6

OCTOBER 0 0 6 0 2 8

NOVEMBER 1 0 5 2 1 9

DECEMBER 0 0 10 1 1 12

JANUARY 1 0 12 1 3 17

FEBRUARY 3 0 21 2 7 33

MARCH 4 2 21 5 2 34

APRIL 2 0 8 0 1 11

MAY 4 1 11 1 0 17

JUNE 0 0 10 0 0 10

TOTALS 17 3 139 13 17 189

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\

9_Rrv1617\rrvmonthreg1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 6:

BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT


(BY REGION PER MONTH)

JULY 2016 TO JUNE 2017

MONTH REGION TOTALS


JULY 0 0 1 0 0 1

AUGUST 0 0 0 0 0 0

SEPTEMBER 0 0 0 0 0 0

OCTOBER 0 0 1 0 0 1

NOVEMBER 0 0 3 0 0 3

DECEMBER 0 0 0 0 0 0

JANUARY 1 0 3 0 0 4

FEBRUARY 0 0 2 0 0 2

MARCH 0 1 0 1 0 2

APRIL 0 0 2 0 0 2

MAY 1 0 3 0 0 4

JUNE 0 0 2 0 0 2

TOTALS 2 1 17 1 0 21


10_bf_cases_1617\bf1617month Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 7:



(BY REGION)

1990/91 TO 2016/17

FINANCIAL YEAR REGION TOTALS


1990/91 32 51 288 22 48 441

1991/92 3 6 115 53 15 192

1992/93 12 32 178 29 37 288

1993/94 1 0 259 23 19 302

1994/95 36 5 275 19 38 373

1995/96 0 5 66 17 23 111

1996/97 51 24 115 5 28 223

1997/98 5 1 85 11 21 123

1998/99 2 6 106 11 16 141

1999/00 16 7 98 9 26 156

2000/01 7 68 104 4 51 234

2001/02 1 4 40 7 18 70

2002/03 0 5 97 10 19 131

2003/04 5 1 161 7 21 195

2004/05 4 0 136 12 21 173

2005/06 8 5 216 16 19 264

2006/07 13 2 182 25 37 259

2007/08 15 5 187 11 28 246

2008/09 54 27 266 28 31 406

2009/10 34 6 234 17 30 321

2010/11 23 6 191 12 30 262

2011/12 8 1 173 14 23 219

2012/13 2 0 190 11 7 210

2013/14 16 6 345 23 43 433

2014/15 16 3 314 16 28 377

2015/16 12 3 216 11 16 258

2016/17 17 3 139 13 17 189

TOTALS 393 282 4776 436 710 6597


9_Rrv1617\casereg90_17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 8:

BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT

LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGIONS)

1991/92 TO 2016/17

FINANCIAL YEAR REGION TOTALS


1991/92 0 1 0 41 0 42

1992/93 1 0 8 8 2 19

1993/94 0 1 20 6 2 29

1994/95 0 0 8 1 2 11

1995/96 1 0 16 5 3 25

1996/97 4 5 21 4 6 40

1997/98 2 0 11 2 5 20

1998/99 0 0 17 5 2 24

1999/00 1 1 8 2 1 13

2000/01 1 5 14 6 7 33

2001/02 0 1 18 5 1 25

2002/03 2 0 13 2 1 18

2003/04 3 1 5 3 3 14

2004/05 8 0 31 2 3 43

2005/06 15 2 65 12 6 100

2006/07 17 2 67 12 9 107

2007/08 5 2 51 2 3 63

2008/09 16 5 83 7 8 119

2009/10 9 1 70 9 5 94

2010/11 4 1 46 5 6 62

2011/12 4 0 45 1 2 52

2012/13 33 1 279 15 24 352

2013/14 14 0 99 7 9 129

2014/15 0 1 27 0 0 28

2015/16 0 0 14 2 1 17

2016/17 2 1 17 1 0 21

TOTALS 142 31 1053 165 111 1500

Note: The majority of cases between Oct 2012 and Oct 2013 are suspected false positive cases due to issues with

the commericial test kit in use at the time.


10_bf_cases_1617\BFcases1992_17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 9:

Year Month of

onset

Ethnicity Sex Age Virus Location of infection

(Region)

No's. Comment

1974 February MVE Barkly 1

March MVE Alice Springs 1

March MVE Alice Springs 1

March MVE Katherine 1

April MVE Barkly 1

1981 March MVE East Arnhem 1

1987 July A M <1 MVE Darwin 1

1988 March A M <1 MVE Darwin 1

April O M <1 MVE Darwin 1

May A M 4 MVE Darwin 1

1991 April O F 74 MVE Darwin 1 Died

May A M <1 MVE Alice Springs 1

1992 Aug O F 40 KUN Darwin 1

1993 April A F <1 MVE Katherine 1

April A F 1 MVE Katherine 1 Died

April O M 22 MVE Barkly 1

May U F 33 MVE Katherine 1

May O M 61 MVE Katherine 1

April O M 32 MVE Katherine 1

1995 Nov O F 61 KUN Unknown 1

1997 March O M 59 MVE* Alice Springs 1 Died

May M 21 KUN Barkly 1

May KUN Barkly 1

June F 26 KUN Barkly 1

1999 May M 66 KUN Darwin 1

2000 March A F <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 Severe impairment

March A M 69 MVE Alice Springs 1 Severe impairment

April A M <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 Recovered

May O M 15 MVE Katherine 1

April A M 4 KUN Alice Springs 1 Recovered

March M 32 KUN Darwin 1

2001 February O F 49 MVE Alice Springs 1 Severe impairment

February O M 59 MVE Alice Springs 1 Recovered

March O M 11 KUN Alice Springs 1

May A F 23 KUN Alice Springs 1

July A F 2 MVE Darwin 1 Recovered

2004 March A F <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 Died

2005 March A M 3 MVE Darwin 1 Recovered

2009 March O M 58 MVE Darwin 1 Died

May O M 83 MVE Darwin 1 Died

2010 June O M 80 KUN Darwin 1 Recovered

2011 March O M 33 MVE Barkly 1 Recovered

March A M 1 MVE Barkly 1 Recovered

April O M 60 KUN Barkly 1 Recovered

May O F 19 MVE Darwin/Katherine 1 Died

May O F 63 MVE Katherine 1 Recovered

2015 February A F <1 MVE Barkly 1 Severe impairment

May A M 8 MVE Katherine 1 Severe impairment

Total MVE 36

Total KUN 12

LOCATION AND MONTH OF ONSET OF CASES OF MVE OR KUNJIN 1974-2017

ACQUIRED IN THE NT

A Aboriginal, O Other,U Unknown . Note Kunjin recorded only from 1992

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\11_MVE and Kunjin cases table 1617 Medical Entomology DoH30/10/2017

TABLE 10: COMBINED DOH AND DPIR NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE

PROGRESSIVE RESULTS OF NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING 2016/17

REGION LOCATION Total +ve Total bled

Leanyer Date bled 7/12 11/1 1/2 1/3 28/3 10/5 21/6 16/8

(Darwin urban) Nos bled 12 11 11 11 9 9 9 8 80

Flock change

Unidentified Flavi 1 1

KUNV 1 1

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Howard Springs Date bled 7/12 11/1 1/2 1/3 28/3 10/5 21/6

(rural) Nos bled 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 91

Flock change

Unidentified Flavi 1 1 2

KUNV 1 1 2

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Adelaide River Date bled 30/11 12/1 2/2 9/3 30/3 4/5 5/6 13/7

Coastal Plains Nos bled 10 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 64

Research Station Flock change

Beatrice Hill Unidentified Flavi 1 1

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Batchelor Date bled 9/12 13/1

(rural) Nos bled 11 6 17

Flock change

Unidentified Flavi 0

KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Nhulunbuy Date bled 4/12 15/1 15/2 26/3 1/5 24/5 2/7

Nos bled 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 75

Flock change


KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

Katherine Date bled 20/12 2/2 23/2 29/3 23/5 8/6

Research Station Nos bled 7 11 12 11 11 11 63

Flock change


KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0

DA

RW

IN

JulyMay JuneMarchJuly January FebruaryNovember DecemberAugust

EA

ST

AR

NH

EM

October

KA

TH

ER

INE

AprilSeptember August

F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\2016_17\ch progressive NT 2016_17 Sep_final\sentinel chicken results 16_17

Medical Entomology DoH30/10/2017


PROGRESSIVE RESULTS OF NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING 2016/17

REGION LOCATION Total +ve Total bled

DA

RW

IN

JulyMay JuneMarchJuly January FebruaryNovember DecemberAugust October AprilSeptember August

Tennant Creek Date bled 4/1 24/1 10/3 29/3 15/5 7/6

Nos bled 11 11 8 9 9 9 57

Flock change


KUNV 1 3 4

MVEV 1 1

MVEV/KUNV 0

Alice Springs Date bled 7/12 9/1 7/2 7/3 28/3 3/5

Arid Zone Research Nos bled 7 12 12 12 9 10 62

Institute Flock change


KUNV 0

MVEV 0

MVEV/KUNV 0


KUNV 7

MVEV 1

MVEV/KUNV 0

Number bled 509

.

17

0

0

0

00

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0 0

0

78

0

0

0

BA

RK

LY

AL

ICE

SP

RIN

GS

Note: MVEV/KUNV can either be MVE or KUN or both and can not be differentiated.

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 083

00

10

0

Monthly Summary

2

0

0

122

3

0

05

1

0

0

0

61

0

0

0 0

0

0 1

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

49

0

81

0

0

0

0

0

0

F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\2016_17\ch progressive NT 2016_17 Sep_final\sentinel chicken results 16_17

Medical Entomology DoH30/10/2017


SUMMARY OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS BY MONTH

JUL 1992 - Aug 2017

LOCATION Flock established July August September October November December January February March April May June + ve Totals Totals bled

Darwin Rural January 1992 Nos bled 218 204 199 202 171 243 234 205 228 252 296 236 2688

Howard Springs KUNV 4 1 3 0 0 3 2 1 4 1 12 4 35

MVEV 2 3 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 7 6 23

Darwin urban September 1992 Nos bled 204 203 206 215 192 236 255 239 271 268 299 251 2839

Leanyer KUNV 4 2 2 0 1 0 1 8 3 7 13 4 45

MVEV 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 7 4 24

Coastal Plains July 1993 Nos bled 225 212 194 169 241 152 244 249 325 264 265 252 2792

Research Station KUNV 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 4 3 3 9 7 32

Adelaide River MVEV 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 6 21 5 10 7 54

Kakadu November 2004 Nos bled 25 20 18 12 28 16 28 7 64 36 41 45 340

Jabiru KUNV 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 11 2 19

MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 8

Batchelor September 2016 Nos bled 0 0 0 0 0 11 17 10 11 10 10 10 79

KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nhulunbuy January 1992 Nos bled 135 93 112 110 91 99 109 155 151 146 176 131 1508

KUNV 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 7 9 2 26

MVEV 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 3 4 4 15

Alyangula Nos bled 57 49 30 39 36 48 38 48 52 45 55 32 529

KUNV 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Katherine June 1993 Nos bled 143 151 200 189 127 198 204 261 272 212 187 204 2348

KUNV 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 9 7 5 34

MVEV 2 0 0 1 0 2 3 8 11 9 11 3 50

Nathan River April 2006 Nos bled 17 63 63 24 48 56 55 63 59 82 48 75 653

KUNV 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 6 2 1 2 17

MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 6 3 3 3 26

Tennant Creek February 1995 Nos bled 69 74 46 48 66 117 141 161 245 180 170 108 1425

KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 14 10 6 1 37

MVEV 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 28 26 11 12 1 85

Alice Springs November 1996 Nos bled 172 178 143 134 155 187 176 200 256 201 197 209 2208

Arid Zone KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3

Research Institution MVEV 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 10 2 2 24

Alice Springs January 2002 Nos bled 91 112 90 93 91 87 80 92 89 106 93 105 1129

Ilparpa KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4

Totals KUNV 13 12 7 1 1 5 10 26 38 40 68 28 249

MVEV 9 6 1 5 1 7 13 53 79 49 58 32 313

Number bled 1356 1359 1301 1235 1246 1450 1581 1690 2023 1802 1837 1658 18538

Note: The Jabiru, Alyangula and Alice Springs Ilparpa Swamp flocks were discontinued in 2012.

Note: The Nathan River flock was discontinued in 2014/15.

Note: The program was revised in 2012, with sentinel chickens only bled between December and June.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\summary_tables\conversions by month\seroconv by month 1991_17_revised 3 oct 2017\Calcseroc_month_9117 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017


NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING BY YEAR

JUL 1992-JUN 2017

LOCATION Flock established 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 + ve Totals

Howard Springs January 1992 MVEV 7 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 23

(Darwin rural) KUNV 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 2 36

Nos bled 69 75 160 92 84 120 127 137 119 142 166 95 127 125 103 75 48 162 112 135 70 67 95 81 102 2688

Leanyer September 1992 MVEV 1 10 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 24

(Darwin urban) KUNV 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 5 1 6 5 5 6 1 2 0 1 45

Nos bled 81 92 137 89 81 101 128 163 133 123 161 103 102 134 140 140 104 142 132 144 84 62 88 84 83 2831

Adelaide River Coastal Plains July 1993 MVEV 13 4 4 5 3 3 1 2 4 1 1 10 2 1 54

Plains Research Station KUNV 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 3 1 7 2 1 32

(Beatrice Hill) Nos bled 121 139 132 138 129 135 158 120 137 160 113 113 122 102 120 120 105 118 140 71 68 81 76 67 2785

Jabiru November 2004 MVEV 3 2 2 1 8

KUNV 5 4 1 9 19

Nos bled 44 25 72 49 27 40 74 9 340

Batchelor September 2016 MVEV 0

KUNV 0

Nos bled 62 17 79

Nhulunbuy January 1992 MVEV 3 1 4 1 1 2 3 15

KUNV 2 2 3 2 1 4 1 2 2 5 24

Nos bled 30 15 10 85 93 97 85 67 73 72 72 72 68 86 53 61 109 71 63 43 60 41 72 1498

Alyangula April 2006 MVEV 0

KUNV 1 1

Nos bled 22 27 32 66 155 142 85 529

Katherine June 1993 MVEV 12 3 1 2 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 2 8 2 1 50

KUNV 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 6 6 2 2 4 1 1 34

Nos bled 69 67 50 43 127 85 128 109 136 152 99 97 126 129 128 111 144 132 117 68 59 61 48 63 2348

Nathan River April 2006 MVEV 3 3 2 10 6 2 26

KUNV 1 3 3 7 3 17

Nos bled 34 110 78 73 79 96 100 16 37 30 653

Tennant Creek February 1995 MVEV 7 7 10 8 12 6 1 1 1 17 4 6 3 1 1 85

KUNV 3 3 5 1 4 1 1 6 3 2 4 1 4 38

Nos bled 20 65 60 73 55 73 63 55 96 96 59 69 67 41 91 72 62 32 56 45 45 63 67 1425

Alice Springs November 1996 MVEV 7 5 8 2 2 24

(Arid Zone Research Station) KUNV 1 2 3

Nos bled 21 75 126 109 144 104 90 75 131 122 114 112 115 90 159 118 112 56 71 120 82 62 2208

Alice Springs January 2002 MVEV 4 4

(Ilparpa) KUNV 0

Nos bled 71 118 115 86 120 116 110 85 146 126 36 1129

Totals MVEV 8 44 8 4 21 2 20 27 26 17 2 2 12 15 11 5 52 5 15 8 0 2 3 3 1 313

KUNV 3 4 2 7 4 8 6 10 9 10 8 9 11 13 24 18 27 2 41 8 0 5 9 4 7 249

Nos bled 180 372 544 428 491 761 732 900 733 821 1001 824 822 963 1046 974 868 1265 1221 981 484 452 580 537 533 18513

Note: The Jabiru, Alyangula and Alice Springs Ilparpa flocks were discontinued in 2012.

Note: The seroconversion to KUN in Howard Springs recorded in 2014/15 occurred in July 2014 and is considered part of the 2013/14 season.

One seroconversions to KUN in Leanyer in 2014/15 occurred in July 2014 and is considered part of the 2013/14 season.

Note: The Nathan River flock was discontinued in 2014/15.

Note: The program was revised in 2012, with sentinel chickens only bled between December and June. The season can

extend into August depending on virus activity.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\serocon by years 92-17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH31/10/2017

TABLE 13:

Mosquito species

collected from 1974 until 2015/16

Mosquito species


Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catasticta

Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus

Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Cha) elchoensis

Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Fin) britteni

Ae. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Fin) kochi

Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus

Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus

Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Muc) alternans

Ae. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis

Ae. (Mac) species 76 Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus

Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Och) vigilax

Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus Ae. daliensis

Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Ano) bancroftii

Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) amictus

Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

Ae. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) farauti s.l.

Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus An. (Cel) hilli

Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis An. (Cel) meraukensis

Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) novaguinensis

Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster

Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Cx. (Cui) pullus

Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Ae. daliensis Cx. (Cux) gelidus

An. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Cux) palpalis

An. (Ano) powelli Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

An. (Cel) amictus Cx. (Cux) sitiens

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cx. (Lop) cubiculi

An. (Cel) hilli Cx. (Lop) hilli

An. (Cel) meraukensis Cx. (Lop) species 167

An. (Cel) novaguinensis Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus

Cq. (Coq) near crassipes Cx. (Ocu) squamosus

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ma. (Mnd) uniformis

Cx. (Cui) pullus Tp. (Trp) magnesianus

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ur. (Ura) tibialis

Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Ve. (Ver) funerea

Cx. (Cux) gelidus Ve. (Ver) reesi

Cx. (Cux) palpalis

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

Cx. (Cux) sitiens

Cx. (Cux) species 32

Cx. (Cux) vicinus

Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group

Cx. (Lop) cubiculi

Cx. (Lop) hilli

Cx. (Lop) species 155


Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus

Cx. (Ocu) squamosus

Cx. (Ocu) starckeae

Ho. ( ) species 157

Lu. (Met) halifaxii

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis

Mi. (Eto) elegans

Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica

Ml. ( ) genurostris

Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis

Tp. (Trp) magnesianus

Tx. (Tox) speciosus

Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis

Ur. (Ura) albescens

Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis

Ur. (Ura) lateralis

Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis

Ur. (Ura) nivipes

Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis

Ur. (Ura) tibialis

Ve. (Ver) carmenti

Ve. (Ver) funerea

Ve. (Ver) reesi

Note: Other species collected in the East Arnhem region include: Ae. ( )species 161

(Bartalumba Bay), Ae. (Fin) quasirubithorax (Numbulwar), and Ur. (Ura) species 156

(Alyangula). Ae. (Stg) aegypti was detected on Groote Eylandt in 2006 and declared

eliminated in 2008.

Mosquito species collected in Nhulunbuy and Yirrkala by ME - all collection methods.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Nhulunbuy\species_list_Nhul_1617_reviewed all\species list_Nhul_Yirr__1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 14: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY.

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE SIX CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTALS AVERAGE %

Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other PER TRAP

NIGHT

1 Contractors Village 1497 4 9 0 86 1038 20 496 3150 22 143.18 7.71

2 Rear Jasper 5511 181 321 15 349 3894 604 963 11838 25 473.52 28.99

3 Buffalo Creek 2661 23 47 7 6 223 4 236 3207 19 168.79 7.85

4 Wallaby Beach 12715 927 137 4 5 2264 3 939 16994 24 708.08 41.62

5 Nhulunbuy South 2625 15 5 0 14 556 0 497 3712 24 154.67 9.09

6 Industrial Estate 1120 6 1 0 9 190 3 605 1934 24 80.58 4.74

26129 1156 520 26 469 8165 634 3736 40835 138 295.91 100.00

189.34 8.38 3.77 0.19 3.40 59.17 4.59 27.07 295.91

63.99 2.83 1.27 0.06 1.15 20.00 1.55 9.15 100.00

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp .* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.


NO. OF

SUCCESSFUL

TRAP NIGHTS

TOTALS

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT

PERCENTAGE %

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Nhulunbuy\rain_disease_species_Nhul_1617\gmss1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 15:

Mosquito species


Mosquito species


Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. (Fin) kochi

Ae. ( ) species 161 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus

Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Mac) nr species 121

Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Mac) tremulus

Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus

Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Och) normanensis

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax

Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Stg) katherinensis

Ae. (Mac) species 121 An. (Cel) amictus

Ae. (Mac) species 76 An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

Ae. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) farauti s.l.

Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) hilli

Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) meraukensis

Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster

Ae. (Och) normanensis Cx. (Cui) pullus

Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Ae. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

Ae. (Stg) aegypti*

Cx. (Cux) sitiens

Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Lop) hilli

Ae. daliensis Lu. (Met) halifaxii

An. (Ano) bancroftii Tp. (Trp) magnesianus

An. (Ano) powelli Ve. (Ver) funerea

An. (Cel) amictus

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

An. (Cel) farauti s.l.

An. (Cel) hilli

An. (Cel) meraukensis

An. (Cel) novaguinensis

Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster

Cx. (Cui) pullus

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Cx. (Cux) crinicauda

Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Cx. (Cux) palpalis


Cx. (Cux) sitiens


Cx. (Cux) vicinus


Cx. (Lop) cubiculi

Cx. (Lop) hilli




Cx. (Ocu) squamosus

Ho. ( ) species 157

Lu. (Met) halifaxii

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis

Mi. (Eto) elegans

Ml. ( ) genurostris



Tx. (Tox) speciosus

Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis

Ur. (Ura) albescens

Ur. (Ura) lateralis

Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis

Ur. (Ura) nivipes

Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis

Ur. (Ura) species 156

Ve. (Ver) funerea

Ve. (Ver) reesi

* Note: Ae. (Stg) aegypti was detected in Alyangula in October 2006, and declared eliminated

in May 2008.

Note: Other species collected in the East Arnhem region include: Ae. (Fin) britteni, Ae. (Fin)

quasirubithorax s.l., Ae. (Mac) species 125, Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis, Ae. (Och)

pseudonormanensis, Ae. (Och) species 159, Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus, Cq. (Coq) near

crassipes, Cx. (Ocu) starckeae, Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica, Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis,

Ur. (Ura) species 82, Ur. (Ura) tibialis and Ve. (Ver) carmenti.

Mosquito species collected on Groote Eylandt (Alyangula, Angurugu and Umbakumba) by ME - all collection methods.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alyangula\species_list_Alyangula_Angur_Umbakum_1617\species list_Aly_Ang_Umb_1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 16: MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE THREE CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.


TOTALS

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other

1 Mine Site 1 5 29 0 0 81 0 90 205 6 34.17 22.63

2 Township Site 2 1 87 0 11 10 0 8 117 7 16.71 12.91

3 Alyangula Golf Course Site 3 11 497 1 3 20 0 52 584 7 83.43 64.46

TOTALS 17 613 1 14 111 0 150 906 20 45.30 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.85 30.65 0.05 0.70 5.55 0.00 7.50 45.30

PERCENTAGE % 1.88 67.66 0.11 1.55 12.25 0.00 16.56 100.00

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.

NO. OF

SUCCESSFUL

TRAP NIGHTS

AVERAGE

PER TRAP

NIGHT %SITE NO. TRAP SITE

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alyangula\rain_disease_species_Alyangula_1617\grootess1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 17:

Mosquito species


Mosquito species


Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catasticta

Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus

Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus

Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Mac) tremulus

Ae. (Cha) wattensis Ae. (Muc) alternans

Ae. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis

Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Och) normanensis

Ae. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax

Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Stg) katherinensis

Ae. (Mac) species 121 An. (Ano) bancroftii


Ae. (Mac) stoneorum An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

Ae. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) hilli

Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) meraukensis

Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) novaguinensis

Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster

Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Cx. (Cui) pullus

Ae. (Och) normanensis Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Cux) palpalis

Ae. (Och) species 159 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

Ae. (Och) species 85 Cx. (Cux) sitiens

Ae. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group

Ae. (Och) vittiger Cx. (Lop) cubiculi*

Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Cx. (Lop) hilli

Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus

An. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Ocu) starckeae

An. (Ano) powelli Lu. (Met) halifaxii

An. (Cel) amictus Ma. (Mnd) uniformis

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Mi. (Eto) elegans

An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis

An. (Cel) hilli Ur. (Ura) albescens

An. (Cel) meraukensis Ve. (Ver) funerea

An. (Cel) novaguinensis


Cx. (Cui) pullus


Cx. (Cux) australicus


Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Cx. (Cux) palpalis


Cx. (Cux) sitiens


Cx. (Cux) vicinus


Cx. (Lop) cubiculi*

Cx. (Lop) hilli




Cx. (Ocu) squamosus

Cx. (Ocu) starckeae

Lu. (Met) halifaxii

Ma. (Mnd) uniformis

Mi. (Eto) elegans

Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica



Ur. (Ura) albescens

Ur. (Ura) nivipes

Ve. (Ver) funerea

Ve. (Ver) reesi

*Possible misidentification, requires confirmation, no reference specimens available.

Note: Other species collected in the Katherine region include: Ae. (Cha) tulliae, Ae. (Fin)

quasirubithorax s.l., Ae. (Mac) species 125, Ae. (Mac) species 126, Ae. (Mac) species 70, Ae.

(Och) species 71, Ae. (Stg) aegypti^, Ae. daliensis, Cq. (Coq) near crassipes, Cx. (Cux) species

92, Cx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus, Ho. ( ) species 157, Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis, Ur. (Ura)

argyrotarsis, Ur. (Ura) lateralis, Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis.

^Ae. (Stg) aegypti was detected in Larrimah in Feb 1980 and subsequently eliminated.

Mosquito species collected in Katherine town by ME - all collection methods.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Katherine\species_list_katherine_1617_reviewed all\species list_Katherine_1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 18: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE.

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE FOUR CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.

SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES TOTALS NO. OF AVERAGE %

Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other SUCCESSFUL PER TRAP

TRAP NIGHTS NIGHT

1 Dairy Dam 61 21 3 7 250 285 22 47 696 19 36.63 30.09

2 Meatworks 138 38 10 5 61 108 101 75 536 19 28.21 23.17

3 Katherine Sewage Ponds 29 24 33 13 304 351 14 107 875 18 48.61 37.83

4 O'Keefe Residence 13 9 0 5 75 31 19 54 206 18 11.44 8.91

TOTALS 241 92 46 30 690 775 156 283 2313 74 31.26 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 3.26 1.24 0.62 0.41 9.32 10.47 2.11 3.82 31.26

PERCENTAGE % 10.42 3.98 1.99 1.30 29.83 33.51 6.74 12.24 100.00

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Katherine\rain_disease_species_Kath_1617\kmss1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 19:

Mosquito species


Mosquito species


Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus

Ae. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Mac) species nr 147?


Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis

Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) normanensis

Ae. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis

Ae. (Mac) species 76 Ae. (Och) vigilax

Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus

Ae. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) amictus

Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) hilli

Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Cx. (Cui) pullus

Ae. (Och) normanensis Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Cux) crinicauda

Ae. (Och) species 159 Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Ae. (Och) species 71 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

Ae. (Och) species 85 Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group

Ae. (Och) vigilax Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis

Ae. (Och) vittiger

Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus

Ae. (Stg) aegypti*

Ae. (Stg) katherinensis

An. (Ano) bancroftii**

An. (Cel) amictus


An. (Cel) hilli

Cx. (Cui) pullus




Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Cx. (Cux) palpalis



Cx. (Lop) cylindricus**

Cx. (Lop) kuhnsi ?***

Cx. (Lop) species 155**


Cx. (Ocu) starckeae

Lu. (Met) halifaxii


Ve. (Ver) reesi*****Established in Tennant Creek in 2004 - 2006 and 2011 - 2012, now eliminated.

**Requires confirmation.

***Collected for the first time Feb 2014, requires confirmation.

****Damaged specimen, requires confirmation.

Note: Other species collected in the Barkly Region include: Ad. (Ady) catasticta, Ae. (Cha)

wattensis, Ae. (Mac) species 126, Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus, An. (Cel) farauti s.l., An. (Cel)

meraukensis, An. (Cel) novaguinensis, Cx. (Cux) vicinus.

Mosquito species collected in Tennant Creek town by ME - all collection methods.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Tennant Creek\species_list_Tennant_1617_reviewed all\species list_Tennant_1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 20: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEK

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAP AT THE SEWAGE PONDS

SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTALS NO. OF AVERAGE %

Ae. notoscriptus Ae. normanensis An. amictus Cx. annulirostris Cx. quinquefasciatus Other SUCCESSFUL PER

TRAP NIGHTS TRAP NIGHT

1 Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds 0 36 4 1234 30 163 1467 19 77.21 100.00

TOTALS 0 36 4 1234 30 163 1467 19 77.21 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.00 1.89 0.21 64.9 1.58 8.58 77.21

PERCENTAGE % 0.00 2.45 0.27 84.12 2.04 11.11 100.00

Note: The sewerage ponds site is the only remaining routine CO2 bited EVS trap site. Roving BG traps in town have replaced other EVS traps sites to enhance exotic mosquito surveillance.


F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Tennant Creek\rain_disease_species_Tennant_1617\tmss1617 Medical Entomology DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 21:

Mosquito species


Mosquito species


Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus

Ae. (Fin) alboannulatus Ae. (Mac) species nr 147?

Ae. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Mac) tremulus

Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis

Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Och) species 71

Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) species 85

Ae. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) vigilax


Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? An. (Cel) annulipes s.l.

Ae. (Mac) tremulus Cx. (Cui) pullus

Ae. (Muc) alternans Cx. (Cux) annulirostris

Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Cx. (Cux) australicus

Ae. (Och) normanensis Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus

Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus

Ae. (Och) sagax*

Ae. (Och) sapiens

Ae. (Och) species 159



Ae. (Och) vigilax

Ae. (Och) vittiger

Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus

An. (Ano) bancroftii++

An. (Cel) amictus


An. (Cel) farauti s.l.

An. (Cel) hilli

Cq. (Coq) linealis^^


Cx. (Cui) pullus



Cx. (Cux) gelidus

Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus

Cx. (Cux) palpalis



Cx. (Lop) cubiculi##

Cx. (Lop) cylindricus

Cx. (Ocu) starckeae


*Ae. (Och) sagax is possibly Ae. (Och) species 85 , the northern counterpart of Ae. (Och)

sagax (E. Marks), requires confirmation.++

An. (Ano) bancroftii requires confirmation.

^^Cq. (Coq) linealis was collected for the first time in Alice Springs on 8th December 2011 in

the Swamp B trap.

##Cx. (Lop) cubiculi is not an arid species, requires confirmation.

Note: Other species collected in the Alice Springs region include: Cx. (Cux) species 32

(confirmation is required to ensure it is not Cx. (Cux) species 92).

Mosquito species collected in Alice Springs town by ME - all collection methods.

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alice Springs\species_list_Alice_1617_reviewed all\species list_Alice Springs_1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

TABLE 22: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS.

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.


An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) australicus Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other

1 Ilparpa Swamp A 10 4 306 11 28 50 15 424 29 14.62 17.76

2 Ilparpa Swamp B 35 12 661 20 127 42 16 913 29 31.48 38.23

3 Bloomfield Street 0 5 6 0 0 154 7 172 32 5.38 7.20

4 Old Timers 2 1 40 3 0 61 7 114 32 3.56 4.77

5 Lilliecrapp Road 34 2 85 2 2 14 107 246 33 7.45 10.30

6 Greatorex Road 29 3 166 3 0 39 279 519 32 16.22 21.73

TOTALS 110 27 1264 39 157 360 431 2388 187 12.77 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.59 0.14 6.76 0.21 0.84 1.93 2.30 12.77

PERCENTAGE % 4.61 1.13 52.93 1.63 6.57 15.08 18.05 100.00

AVERAGE

PER TRAP

NIGHT %SITE NO. TRAP SITE

NO. OF

SUCCESSFUL

TRAP

NIGHTSTOTALS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1617\amss1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 23: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS

AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE CONTINUOUS CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR

FINANCIAL YEARS 2011/12 TO 2016/17.

2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17

An. (Cel) amictus 0.52 0.03 0.06 1.23 0.06 0.39

An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 0.63 0.03 0.15 0.22 0.53 0.18

Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 11.99 0.40 0.61 4.81 3.94 8.30

Cx. (Cux) australicus 1.98 0.62 1.54 0.53 0.26 0.28

Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.52

Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 1.33 0.81 4.73 2.52 3.42 1.27

Other species 1.38 0.11 0.08 0.18 0.22 0.37

TOTALS 17.84 1.99 7.17 9.49 8.43 13.30

Note: Mosquitoes included in the table are female mosquitoes only

Note: Trapping occurs weekly in the summer months and fortnightly in the winter months.

*Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp includes: Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.

AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHTSPECIES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1617\AMaver6sp11_17_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 30/10/2017

TABLE 24: EXOTIC MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM IN THE DARWIN REGION

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017.

TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL ROUTINE CO2 BAITED BG^ TRAPS AND GATS^^.

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BG Port Melville crib room 1 4 8 0 2 0 0 64 0 0 0 35 0 0 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 107 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 288 5 57.60 0.98

BG Port Melville security office 1 1 1 0 0 61 0 45 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 43 0 3 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 334 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 36 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 568 5 113.60 1.94

IM_Blaydin Point_ EL09 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 53 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 71 4 17.75 0.24

IM_Blaydin Point_ EL09a 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 151 0 0 0 544 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 88 208 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1008 32 31.50 3.44

IM_Blaydin Point_ MOF 3 1 2 11 0 3 22 13 0 0 2 742 0 0 0 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 1 0 0 1 1 19 0 4 232 2 4 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1219 61 19.98 4.17

IM_Blaydin Point_1888 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 18 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 1 0 2 7 0 1 20 5 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 121 63 1.92 0.41

QM BG4, East Arm Wharf 14 1 11 0 0 0 2 8 1 0 0 3072 1 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 3 0 150 4 1 2 0 21 41 0 284 93 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 3 0 3 3748 52 72.08 12.81

QM BG5, Airport SRA Baggage tunnel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 16 51 0.31 0.05

QM BG6 MHS (RAAF), building 127. 3 0 275 0 0 4 0 207 0 0 0 605 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 3 3 1 0 0 215 286 15 9760 199 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 11602 53 218.91 39.65

QM BG8, East Arm Wharf 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 540 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 94 3 0 1 0 0 5 0 51 19 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 735 48 15.31 2.51

QM BG871 FRA, Bld 871 (RAFF) 3 0 24 0 0 0 0 399 0 1 0 521 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 2 1 29 15 5 0 0 1189 524 22 6898 132 8 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 64 0 0 13 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 9885 45 219.67 33.78

TOTALS 28 10 323 11 5 69 25 910 1 1 2 6075 1 1 1 159 44 36 11 1 8 2 335 30 7 4 1 1433 893 37 17093 1397 66 9 0 8 1 1 5 1 1 92 3 1 79 2 14 13 0 4 0 7 29261 419 69.84 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.07 0.02 0.77 0.03 0.01 0.16 0.06 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.80 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.00 3.42 2.13 0.09 40.79 3.33 0.16 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 69.84

PERCENTAGE % 0.10 0.03 1.10 0.04 0.02 0.24 0.09 3.11 0.00 0.00 0.01 20.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.15 0.12 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.01 1.14 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.00 4.90 3.05 0.13 58.42 4.77 0.23 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.01 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 100.00

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.

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Ma

. (M

nd

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is

Mi.

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s

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mb

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ini

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ica

mo

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le (

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49

Ve.

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QM GAT BRA (RAAF) Ablutions block. 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 52 0.33 16.50

QM GAT, Airport SRA Baggage tunnel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 28 9 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 6 1 0 1 2 86 52 1.65 83.50

TOTALS 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 0 0 28 9 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 6 1 0 1 2 103 104 0.99 100.00

AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.99

PERCENTAGE % 0.00 0.00 3.88 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.00 8.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.77 2.91 0.00 0.00 27.18 8.74 0.00 0.97 1.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.91 5.83 0.97 0.00 0.97 1.94 100.00

TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES

Notes:

Trapping at East Arm Wharf, Darwin International Airport and RAAF was carried out weekly.

Trapping at Blaydin Point was carried out twice a week and ceased end of March 2017.

Trapping at Melville Port ocurrs after international vessel arrivals only.

This table does not include enhanced surveillance data following exotic detections.

^BG = Biogents Sentinel

* Following the detection of Ae (Stg) albopictus at EAW on 5/6/2017, enhanced surveillance and control was carried out. No further exotic mosquitoes were detected following the response.

TRAP SITE %TOTAL

NO. OF

SUCCESSFU

L TRAP

NIGHTS

AVERAGE

PER TRAP

^^GAT = Gravid Aedes trap

TRAP SITE

TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES

TOTAL

NO. OF

SUCCESSFU

L TRAP

NIGHTS

AVERAGE

PER TRAP%

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\24_quarantine adults 1617\QM darwin_BG_GAT Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

TABLE 25:

LOCATION OF NUMBER NUMBER OF NUMBER

FIRST FEVER OF CASES ENTOMOLOGICAL REQUIRING

P. falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae INVESTIGATIONS MOSQUITO CONTROL

Alawa 1 1

Berrimah 1 1

Durack 1 1

Karama 1 1

Katherine 1 1

Larapinta 2 1 1 1

Muirhead 1 1 1

Rapid Creek 1 1

Sadadeen 1 1

The Gardens 8 * 5 4 5

Ti Tree 1 1

TOTAL 19 12 7 1 0 7 0

* One patient was concurrently infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax

LOCATION OF FIRST FEVER IN NT

MALARIA NOTIFICATIONS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

1 JULY 2016 TO 30 JUNE 2017

PARASITE SPECIES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\25_Malcas1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

TABLE 26: INTERCEPTION OF EXOTIC MOSQUITOES IN NORTHERN TERRITORY SEA- AND AIRPORTS

JULY 2000 - JUNE 2017

1: PORT OF ORIGIN

PORT OF ORIGIN 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 TOTAL

Indonesia 17 8 27 9 24 8 1 5 2 1BG

0 0 0 0 0 1,3*^BG

0 106

East Timor 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 14

Singapore 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 7

Singapore/East Timor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2BG

2BG

1BG

1BG

1, 2BG

0 0 0 9

Other 2* 2 4 0 2 0 1* 0 0 0 0 0 1BG

0 3 0 2BG

17

TOTAL INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 2 153

Other = China, Japan, Malaysia, Philipines, USA, Vietnam or unknown.

2: VESSEL TYPES IMPLICATED IN IMPORTATION

09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17

Foreign Fishing Vessel 15 9 31 6 24 8 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

Cargo Vessel 8 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 1, 3 BG

1, 2BG

2, 1BG

2BG

1, 2BG

2BG

1 2BG

35

Airplane 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1^ 2^*,1BG

0 4

Other 6 0 1 2 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14


Note: multiple receptacles may be positive within a shipment.

Other = barge, motor launch, passenger vessel, data not collected or unknown.

09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17

Tyres 0 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7

Water Receptacle

(<than 200L) 4 6 6 0 6 2 1 2 2 1BG

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30

200L Water Receptacle 13 3 16 1 18 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57

On-shore Ovitraps 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4

Adult Traps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2BG

2BG

1BG

2BG

2BG

2BG

1BG

2BG

14

Sentinel tyre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2

Other 10 1 11 6 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 39


09/10 10/11 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17

Aedes aegypti 16 6 31 6 25 8 1* 5 3 1, 2BG

1BG

1BG

2BG

0 1^, 2BG

1^,1*,1BG

0 114

Aedes albopictus 1, 1* 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1BG

1, 1BG

0 0 1, 2BG

0 1 2 18

Culex spathifurca 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

Other 9, 1* 3 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 19


2. Larval Collections = Numerals without superscript symbols.

4. *Ovitrap Collection.

5. ^Sentinel tyre collection

6. Data on exotic mosquito interceptions in receptacles provided by DAWR.

01/02

1. Note: this is not a species count, since a species may be detected more than once i.e, in different receptacles within a shipment.

02/03 03/04 04/05 08/0900/01 07/08

3. Adult Collection Type: EVS

(Encephalitis Virus trap - established 1999), BG

(Biogents Sentinel trap - established 2010).

06/07 TOTAL 11/12

Note: multiple species may be present in one receptacle.

SPECIES DETECTED 05/06

Other = machinery, equipment, vehicles, luggage, data not collected.

4: MOSQUITO SPECIES DETECTED AS EGGS, LARVAE OR ADULTS†

3: POSITIVE RECEPTACLES

TOTAL VESSEL TYPE

RECEPTACLE TYPE 05/06

01/02 03/0400/01

00/01 06/07

04/05 05/06

01/02 07/08 08/09 TOTAL 02/03

08/0907/0806/07

03/04 04/05

02/03

Medical Entomology CDC DoH

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\interception_summary_tables 1617

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\Survey_travel_1617.doc Medical Entomology CDC DoH 241/7/2017

TABLE 27: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY MOSQUITO SURVEYS AND TRAVEL

JULY 2016 TO JUNE 2017

DATE LOCATION PERSON PURPOSE

5-6 July 2016 Tindal Vector Surveillance Officer Exotic mosquito survey at

RAAF base

4-9 Sep 2016 Surfers

Paradise, Qld

Director, Vector Surveillance

Officer

12th Mosquito Control

Association of Australia &

Arbovirus in Australia

Symposium

29 Nov to 1 Dec

2016

Port Stephens,

NSW

Director Exotic mosquito management

course

5-6 Jan 2017 Pine Creek Vector Surveillance Officer,

Technical Officer

Exotic mosquito survey

9-11 Jan2017 Nhulunbuy Vector Surveillance Officer,

Technical Officer


30 Jan to 2 Feb

2017

Groote Eylandt Vector Surveillance Officer,

Technical Officer


20-24 Feb 2017 Tennant Creek Vector Surveillance Officer,

Technical Officer


1-2 March 2017 Jabiru Advice and Control Officer,

Technical Officer


3-4 May 2017 Canberra Director National Arbovirus and Malaria

Advisory Committee meeting

23 June 2017 Melbourne Advice and Control Officer Mosquito Borne Disease

Symposium

2 July to 1 June

2017

USA Director Mosquito Control Association

Australia/American Mosquito

Control Association mosquito

control program exchange

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\Publications 1617.doc

TABLE 28: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY PUBLICATIONS 2016/17

BRANCH REPORTS

Baseline Biting Insect Trapping Litchfield Shire Rural Activity Centres (progress report)

Groote Eylandt exotic mosquito survey report 19 to 21 March 2014

Groote Eylandt exotic mosquito survey report 27 to 30 April 2015

Groote Eylandt exotic mosquito survey report 30 January to 2 February 2017

Jabiru exotic mosquito survey March 2017

Medical Entomology Annual Report 2015/16

Muirhead North and 2CRU Biting Insect Report, September 2016

Pine Creek exotic mosquito survey report 5 to 6 January 2017

SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

Frances SP, Morton CL and Pettit WJ (2016). ‘Studies of the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti

(Diptera:Culicidae) from Timor-Leste to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides’

Austral Entomology 55:3:303-307.

Kurucz N, Jacups S and Carter JM (2016). ‘Determining Culex annulirostris larval densities

and control efforts across a coastal wetland, Northern Territory, Australia’ J Vec Ecol.

41:2:271-278.

Kurucz N and Warchot A (2017). ‘The Darwin aerial salt marsh mosquito surveillance and

control season 2016/17 and future implications’ Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin

24:1:32-36.

Pettit W and Kurucz N (2016). ‘A series of exotic mosquito detections at Darwin

International Airport, Northern Territory between February 2015 and January 2016’ Northern

Territory Disease Control Bulletin 23:4:15-19.

FIGURES


F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Darwin\Fig1_dwnurban_adult1617a.doc

FIGURE 1: DARWIN ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES AND

SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Darwin\Fig2_dwnurban_ovi1617.doc

FIGURE 2: DARWIN URBAN EXOTIC AEDES OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM

LOCATION OF OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN SITES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Darwin\Fig3_dwnrural_ovi1617.doc

FIGURE 3: DARWIN RURAL EXOTIC AEDES OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM

LOCATION OF OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN SITES

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Alyangula\Fig4_aly_allsites_1617.doc

FIGURE 4: ALYANGULA ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES AND

OVITRAP LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Alyangula\Fig5_ang_allsites_1617.doc

FIGURE 5: ANGURUGU ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITE AND

OVITRAP LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\nhulun\Fig6_nhul_allsites_1617.doc

FIGURE 6: NHULUNBUY ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,

OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Katherine\Fig7_kath_allsites_1617.doc

FIGURE 7: KATHERINE ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,


F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Tennant\Fig8_tc_allsites_1617.doc

FIGURE 8: TENNANT CREEK ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITE

AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATION

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Alice\Fig9_alice_allsites_1617.doc

FIGURE 9: ALICE SPRINGS ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES,


F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Darwin\Fig10_quarantine_dwnadult_1617.doc

FIGURE 10: DARWIN REGION EXOTIC ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING

BG AND GAT TRAP SITES

FIGURE 11:

F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_urban_data\dwn_urban_OVNO_1617\dwn_urban_sp_rain_CHT_1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

12-J

ul-

16

26-J

ul-

16

9-A

ug

-16

23-A

ug-1

6

6-S

ep-1

6

20-S

ep-1

6

4-O

ct-1

6

18-O

ct-

16

1-N

ov

-16

15-N

ov-1

6

29-N

ov-1

6

13-D

ec-1

6

27-D

ec-1

6

10-J

an

-17

24-J

an

-17

7-F

eb

-17

21-F

eb-1

7

7-M

ar-

17

21-M

ar-1

7

4-A

pr-1

7

18-A

pr-

17

2-M

ay-1

7

16-M

ay

-17

30-M

ay

-17

13-J

un

-17

27-J

un

-17

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Nu

mb

er o

f la

rvae

in a

ll t

rap

s

Collection date

Exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin City and Outer Darwin 2016/17

Total number of larvae in all thirty one traps; rainfall at Darwin airport

Total rainfall (mm) between date set and collected Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus


Ae. (Fin) kochi

FIGURE 12:

F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_routine_data\dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO_1617\dwn_rural_palm_sp_rain_CHT_1617 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

11-J

ul-

16

25-J

ul-

16

8-A

ug

-16

24-A

ug-1

6

5-S

ep-1

6

19-S

ep-1

6

5-O

ct-1

6

17-O

ct-

16

31-O

ct-

16

14-N

ov-1

6

28-N

ov-1

6

12-D

ec-1

6

28-D

ec-1

6

9-J

an

-17

24-J

an

-17

6-F

eb

-17

20-F

eb-1

7

6-M

ar-

17

20-M

ar-1

7

3-A

pr-1

7

18-A

pr-

17

2-M

ay-1

7

15-M

ay

-17

31-M

ay

-17

13-J

un

-17

26-J

un

-17

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Nu

mb

er o

f la

rvae

in a

ll t

rap

s

Collection date

Exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin Rural and Palmerston 2016/17

Total number of larvae in all nine traps; rainfall at Darwin airport

Total rainfall (mm) between date set and collected Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus


Ae. (Fin) kochi

FIGURE 13: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\\Dm1617an\AVE1213_1617_CHT_5yr Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Lea

nyer

Ga

te

Lon

gw

oo

d

Lea

nyer

Du

mp

Ka

ram

a

Pa

lm C

reek

Marr

ara

Rou

nd

Sw

am

p

Av

iati

on

Mu

seu

m

Marr

ara

Rif

le R

an

ge

Ca

suari

na

Co

con

ut

Gro

ve

Tote

m R

oa

d

AV

ER

AG

E N

UM

BE

R O

F F

EM

AL

E M

OS

QU

ITO

ES

PE

R T

RA

P

NIG

HT

TRAP LOCATION

AVERAGE NUMBER OF ALL FEMALE MOSQUITOES PER TRAP NIGHT CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED

MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES, 2012/13 TO 2016/17.

2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17

FIGURE 14:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Darwin\rain_disease_species_Darwin_1617/DM_month_Cxgrp_rainCHT_2011_17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

20

11/1

2, Ja

n

20

12/1

3, Ja

n

20

13/1

4, Ja

n

20

14/1

5, Ja

n

20

15/1

6, Ja

n

20

16/1

7, Ja

n Aver

age

no. of

Ae.

vig

ilax &

Cx. an

nu

liro

stri

s grp

. p

er t

rap

nig

ht

Mon

thly

rain

fall

(m

m)

DARWIN. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris grp.

July 2011 to June 2017

Total monthly rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport

Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)

FIGURE 15:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Darwin\rain_disease_species_Darwin_1617/DM_month_CXgrp_RRVCHT_2011_17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2011/1

2, J

an

2012/1

3, J

an

2013/1

4, J

an

2014/1

5, J

an

2015/1

6, J

an

2016/1

7, J

an A

ver

age

no. of

Ae.

vi

gil

ax

& C

x. an

nu

liro

stri

s grp

. p

er t

rap

nig

ht

Mon

thly

RR

V d

isea

se c

ase

s

DARWIN. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris grp.


No. of laboratory confirmed Ross River virus disease cases in Darwin suburbs (includes Berrimah)

Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps)

Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps)

953 645

FIGURE 16:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\mosquito control and monitoring\NT\Darwin_reg\Darwin\chartab\longterm_averages\

LTA_darwin_1990_1617_rain\dwn_LTA_ss_MTH_90_17_CHT Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Aver

age

nu

mb

er o

f fe

male

mosq

uit

oes

per

tra

p

DARWIN. Financial year & long term average number of female Aedes vigilax & Culex annulirostris group per trap

caught in the eleven continuous weekly adult CO2 baited mosquito traps.

Financial year - 2016/17

Rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport Ae. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.

Ae. (Och) vigilax LTA Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. LTA Mean Rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport

Long term average data (LTA) 1990/91 - 2015/16

FIGURE 17:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1617\AS_month_Cxgrp_rainCHT_2012_17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

50

100

150

200

250

20

11/1

2, J

an

20

12/1

3, J

an

20

13/1

4, J

an

20

14/1

5, J

an

20

15/1

6, J

an

20

16/1

7, J

an

Av

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no

. o

f C

x.

an

nu

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rp.

per

tra

p n

igh

t

Mon

thly

rain

fall

(m

m)

ALICE SPRINGS. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Cx. annulirostris grp.


Total monthly rainfall (mm), Alice Springs Airport

Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 4 continuous monitoring CO2 baited trap sites)

* The 4 continuous CO2 trap sites are Ilparpa Swamp A & B, Bloomfield and Old Timers

FIGURE 18:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\reg anrp 2016_17\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1617\AS_month_CXgrp_RRVCHT_2012_17 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

5

10

15

20

25

20

11

/12

, J

an

20

12

/13

, J

an

20

13

/14

, J

an

20

14

/15

, J

an

20

15

/16

, J

an

20

16

/17

, J

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ALICE SPRINGS. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Cx. annulirostris grp.


No. of laboratory confirmed Ross River virus disease cases in Alice Springs town

Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 4 continuous monitoring CO2 baited trap sites)

* The 4 continuous CO2 trap sites are Ilparpa Swamp A & B, Bloomfield and Old Timers

F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Darwin\Fig19_leanyer_helicopter_1617.doc

FIGURE 19: DARWIN AERIAL APPLIED MOSQUITO LARVAL CONTROL PROGRAM

MOSQUITO BREEDING AREAS CONTROLLED IN 2016/17.

No. of aerial applications in control areas 2016/17

heli_control_1617_count

<all other values>

COUNT_Area

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Map source: NT Government 2017 F:\ENTO\ento_files\gis\gis_data\leanyer\heli2016_17\heli_control_2016_17 .mxd Scale at A4 1:50,000

BBoommbb CCrraatteerr

RReeccttiiffiiccaattiioonn AArreeaa

SShhooaall BBaayy CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn

BBaassee SSwwaammpp

MMiicckkeett SSwwaammpp

HHoollmmeess JJuunnggllee

MMaannggrroovvee SSwwaammpp

HHoollmmeess JJuunnggllee

RReeeedd SSwwaammpp

LLeeaannyyeerr SSwwaammpp

FIGURE 20:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\9_Rrv1617\rrv9900_1617ch Medical Entomology CDC DoH 31/10/2017

0

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40

60

80

100

120

Ju

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Oct

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99

Jan

Ap

r

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Oct

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00

Jan

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Oct

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Oct

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02 J

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03 J

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Oct

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04 J

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Oct

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05 J

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Oct

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06 J

an

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07 J

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Oct

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16 J

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Ap

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Oct

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17 J

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NU

MB

ER

OF

CA

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S

MONTH AND YEAR OF ONSET


LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF ONSET)

1999/00 TO 2016/17

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\Fig21_sent chick_location1617.doc

FIGURE 21: LOCATION OF SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS IN THE NT

FIGURE 22:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\Fig22_Wet deciles1617.docx

FIGURE 23:

F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2016_17\ME anrp_2016_17\Fig23_wet totals1617.docx

Documents

Medical Entomology Annual Report 2016/17 · Department of Health is a Smoke Free Workplace. Medical Entomology . Annual Report . 2016/17 . Medical Entomology . Centre for Disease