Measuring the Contribution of Ict to Economic Development on Selected Ssa Countries

8/3/2019 Measuring the Contribution of Ict to Economic Development on Selected Ssa Countries

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PLOCB AE NAHPBHP^

PMPCB VLGB (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( CM^P AE PLOCB^ LH@ EMGR_B^ (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0

NJLVPB_ AHB4 MHP_A@RNPMAH (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2


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CM^P AE PLOCB^ LH@ EMGR_B^

EMGR_B < Mhpbgrlpmub erlibwark ae MNP mh `bubcavibhp (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( EMGR_B ? Cmhk~ obpwbbh Pbnjhacag} lh` Jilh @bubcavibhp (((((((((((((((((((((((((( ?:PLOCB ?(< Bzlivcb~ ae ^nnb~~ec Vradbnp~ erai @meebrbhp Nahprmb~ (((((((((((((((((( ?>PLOCB 0(< Vjmccmv~ ) Vbrrah Rhmp _aap *Mhubr~b Harilc Pb~p- (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( >5

PLOCB 0(? @bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb4 Cmeb Bzvbnplhn} lp Omrpj (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( >:PLOCB 0(> @bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb4 L`cp Cmpbrln} _lpb(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 06PLOCB 0(0 @bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb4 Narrvpmah Vbrnbvpmah Mh`bz(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0?


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NJLVPB_ AHB

MHP_A@RNPMAH


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khawcb`gb( Mh gbhbrlc `bubcavibhp jl~ pa `a wmpj l rb`npmah mh vaubrp}#

hbivca}ibhp lh` mhnaib mhb|lcmp}(

Mh pjb vl~p# pjb obhbemp~ ae lvvc}mhg MNP mh brl`mnlpmhg vaubrp} lh` mhnrbl~mhg bnahaimn

grawpj wbrb hap wm`bc} h`br~paa`( Vbavcb mh pjb `bubcavmhg naiihmp} |b~pmahb`

jaw jmgj)pbnj naiihmnlpmah pbnjhacag} nac` ob ~b` pa lccbumlpb `m~ilc njlccbhgb~

~nj l~ clnk ae ol~mn b`nlpmah lh` jblcpj ~brumnb~# lh` mh gbhbrlc rb`nb

h`br`bubcavibhp mh nahprmb~( Clpbc}# jawbubr# pjm~ umbw jl~ gmubh wl} pa lh

h`br~plh`mhg ae MNP l~ lh b~~bhpmlc naivahbhp ae oral`br beearp~ pa nahhbnp pjb erbb

ecaw ae mhearilpmah mh ar`br pa mhnrbl~b uamnb# lnnahplomcmp}# lh` bnahaimn

`bubcavibhp( ^prmnpc} ~vblkmhg# pjb vaar `ah'p hbb` MNP~( Wjlp pjb vaar hbb` m~

bnahaimn avvarphmp}# mivraub` hprmpmah lh` jblcpj nlrb# b`nlpmah# lh` apjbr

naivahbhp~ ae l rbwlr`mhg lh` ~~plmhlocb cmubcmjaa` lh` MNP~ lrb paac~ pjlp nlh ob

~b` pa lnjmbub pjb~b galc~ *Warc` Olhk Grav# ?66?-( MNP nlh ob ~b` l~ l

`bubcavibhp paac pa rb`nb vaubrp}# omc` nlvlnmpmb~# bhrmnj ~kmcc~# lh` mh~vmrb hbw

lvvralnjb~ pa gaubrhlhnb lh` nahecmnp rb~acpmah( Elmcrb pa ormhg pjb mhpbrhbp pa Lermnl

wmcc cblub pjb nahpmhbhp elrpjbr objmh` pjlh bubr( * Lcbihbj lh` Jl~pmhg~# ?665-(

MNP m~ l vawbrec bhlocbr ae `bubcavibhp obnl~b mp mivraub~ naiihmnlpmah lh` pjb

bznjlhgb ae khawcb`gb lh` mhearilpmah pa ~prbhgpjbh lh` nrblpb hbw ~anmlc lh`

bnahaimn hbpwark~( Mp~ ~b~ lh` lvvcmnlpmah~ lrb vbrul~mub lh` np lnra~~ pjb oalr` l~ mp

nlh ob lvvcmb` pa pjb ecc rlhgb ae jilh lnpmump}# rlhgmhg erai vbr~ahlc pa o~mhb~~

lh` gaubrhibhp *Gmcjacc}# ?662-( Lnnar`mhg pa ^pbmhobrg# *?66>- pjb vapbhpmlc ulcb ae

MNP mh ~vvarpmhg `bubcavibhp nlh ob `b~nrmob` o} pjrbb `meebrbhp njlhhbc~4 mp~ mhjbrbhp

warpj mh ormhgmhg hbw m`bl~ pa pja~b ap~m`b pjb gcaolc ilmh~prbli; mp~ vlrp mh jbcvmhg

pa lnjmbub ~vbnmemn `bubcavibhp aodbnpmub~; lh` mp~ racb mh ea~pbrmhg oral`br bnahaimn

`bubcavibhp(


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Pjb m`bl ae pjb pbcbvjahb l~ l nahprmopar pa `bubcavibhp m~ ~mimclr pa pjb m`bl ae pjb

pbcbvjahb l~ l nlplc}~p mh bnahaimn `bubcavibhp( Bnahaimn `bubcavibhp m~ ~bbh l~ lh

apnaib ae mivraubibhp~ mh ja~mhg# b`nlpmah lh` jblcpj# liahg~p apjbr~( Pjb ~b ae

pjb pbcbvjahb ~vbb`~ v pjb prlh~clpmah ae pjb~b mivraubibhp~ mhpa mhnrbl~b` bnahaimn

vra`npmump} *Jlr`}# -(

Cbb# *


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`bubcavmhg nahprmb~ elnb avvarphmp} na~p~ me pjb} `bcl} lnnb~~ pa lh` ~b ae

mhearilpmah mherl~prnprb lh` mhearilpmah pbnjhacag}# wjmnj pagbpjbr ilkb v

mhearilpmah lh` naiihmnlpmah pbnjhacagmb~ *Warc` Olhk# ?66?-( Mh


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lggrbglpb mh`mnlpar~ ae pjb mivcbibhplpmah lh` ~b ae pbnjhacag} wjmnj lrb rbebrrb` pa

l~ pjb pjrbb ol~mn vmcclr~4 ) MNP mh ja~bjac`~# MNP mh emri~# lh` bcbnprahmn prl`b ) wbrb

~b` pa grav nahprmb~ lnnar`mhg pa pjbmr cbubc ae MNP mivcbibhplpmah lh` ~b(

Gravmhg rlhgb` erai pbnjhacagmnlcc} olnkwlr`# vrb)mhpbrib`mlpb lh` mhpbrib`mlpb pa

l`ulhnb` nahprmb~( _b~cp~ ~jawb` pjbrb wbrb `meebrbhnb~ mh pjb cbubc ae `bubcavibhp

lnjmbub` o} pjb `meebrbhp nc~pbr~ ae nahprmb~( Pjm~ mh`mnlpb~ pjlp nahprmb~ jlub

lnjmbub` `meebrbhp cbubc~ ae bnahaimn `bubcavibhp# vra`npmump}# lh` jilh

`bubcavibhp ol~b` ah pjbmr cbubc ae MNP mivcbibhplpmah(

Pjb clnk ae lnnb~~ pa MNP~ cbl`~ pa ca~~ ae mhearilpmah ahnrav vrmnb~# ilrkbp~ lh`

wblpjbr# jblcpj lh` b`nlpmah rb~arnb~# l~ wbcc l~ canlc `bubcavibhp vradbnp~( Wmpjap

ia`brh MNP# vbavcb ~vbh` iarb mh pbri~ ae pmib lh` iahb} pa gbp pjlp mhearilpmah( Ear

bzlivcb# Km~mmtm Ja~vmplc m~ canlpb` mh Kmgbtm @m~prmnp mh ~apjwb~p Rglh`l# ~aib

066ki erai Klivlcl( Lepbr rbvblpb` ermpcb~~ lppbivp~ pa ~bnrb l pbcbvjahb

nahhbnpmah erai pjb hlpmahlc vraum`br# pjb ja~vmplc rb~arpb` pa mh~plccmhg mp~ awh ~lpbccmpb

pbcbvjahb( Jawbubr# ~lpbccmpb njlrgb~ lrb jmgj lp $?(26 vbr imhpb# ar iarb pjlh


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^bmh lh` Jlrmh`rlhlpj# *?660-# vraum`b~ lh mhpbgrlpmub erlibwark ae MNP *pjrbb

nahnbvplcmtlpmah~4 jaw mp m~ umbwb`; mp~ ~b; lh` mp~ mivlnp ah `bubcavibhp- o}

naiomhmhg nahnbvp~ erai `bubcavibhp lh` mhearilpmah ~}~pbi~ cmpbrlprb(

EMGR_B


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-# rbumbwb` pjb mivlnp lh` na~p ae pbnjhacagmb~ *rl`ma#

naivpbr lh` mhpbrhbp- ah pjb ol~mn b`nlpmah *vrmilr} lh` ~bnah`lr}- ae `bubcavmhg

nahprmb~( Pjb vlvbr ~jawb` pjb rl`ma l~ l ~~plmhlocb pbnjhacag} ear ~b mh oapj

cmpbrln} lh` pblnjbr prlmhmhg mh `bubcavmhg nahprmb~( Pjb rl`ma nlh ob ~b` pa rb`nb

pjb rrlcrolh miolclhnb~ mh pjb |lcmp} ae b`nlpmah o} vraum`mhg lnnb~~ pa |lcmp}

b`nlpmah pa vrbuma~c} hrblnjlocb vbavcb( Lc~a# pjb Vbr~ahlc Naivpbr jl~ vcl}b` l

racb mh njlhgmhg vb`lgagmn ibpja`~ warc`wm`b( Pjb mhpbrhbp jl~ jbcvb` pa b|lcmtb

lnnb~~ pa b`nlpmah lh` lc~a jbcv pa ln|mrb ~kmcc~ hbb`b` pa ~nnbb` mh pjb `mgmplc lgb(

Pjb vlvbr nahnc`b` pjlp MNP~ jlub l grawmhg racb mh C@N b`nlpmah ~}~pbi~# lh`

vraubh# na~p beebnpmub pbnjhacagmb~ ~nj l~ pjb rl`ma ~jac` ob pmcmtb` iarb wm`bc}(

Pjb Mhpbrhbp jl~ l vapbhpmlcc}jgb racb# op ahb pjlp jl~ ~a elr obbh cmppcb)bulclpb` lh`

pjlp wmcc ob ubr} bzvbh~mub( @b~vmpb pjm~ vraocbi# pjb mhpbrhbp jl~ l racb pa vcl} mh ~aib

vlrp~ ae C@N b`nlpmah ~}~pbi~( Emr~p# mp m~ va~~mocb pjlp erpjbr lh` nahpmhmhg

b`nlpmah nlh ob vraum`b` aubr pjb Mhpbrhbp lp na~p~ pjlp lrb naivbpmpmub pa bzm~pmhg

ibpja`~ mh C@N~( Lc~a# pjb Mhpbrhbp nlh lnp l~ l `m~prmopmah hbpwark liahg

b`nlpmahlc oral`nl~pbr~(

Cmh`bh# *?66:-# warkmhg wmpj pjb G}lh ^jlcl vragrli# lh HGA mh Gdlrlp# Mh`ml#

bulclpb` l naivpbr l~~m~pb` cblrhmhg vragrli `b~mghb` pa rbmhearnb ~p`bhp~


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MNP lh` Jblcpj

Bubr} `l}# vbavcb vclnb pjbmr cmub~ mh pjb jlh`~ ae jblcpj ~}~pbi~# erai ~leb njmc` omrpj

pa nlrb ae pjb bc`brc} wmpj `mghmp}# jblcpj ~}~pbi~ lrb nahpmha~c} umplc pa vbavcb

pjragjap pjbmr cmeb~vlh *]hklv Kwlhkli# bp lc# ?66=-( @b~vmpb pjm~ nah~plhp

rb|mrbibhp ear jblcpj nlrb o} lcc# pjbrb bzm~p~ mhb|mplocb lnnb~~ pa jblcpj ~brumnb~(

Lnnb~~ pa ib`mnlc b|mvibhp lh` ~vvcmb~# vjlrilnbpmnlc~# lh` prlmhb` vraeb~~mahlc~ m~

clnkmhg mh `bubcavmhg nahprmb~# lh` ib`mnlc vrlnpmpmahbr~ emh` mp `meemncp pa aoplmh

mhearilpmah ah `mlgha~pmn lh` prblpibhp l`ulhnbibhp~ *Grlnb# bp lc# ?660-( @bubcavmhg

nahprmb~ lrb elnb` wmpj mh~eemnmbhp rb~arnb~ lh` pjm~ cbl`~ pa pjb h`br)emhlhnmhg ae

pjb jblcpj ~bnpar wjmnj jl~ cb` pa |lhpmplpmub lh` |lcmplpmub `bemnmbhnmb~ mh jblcpj nlrb

`bcmubr}# elnmcmp} lh` b|mvibhp ilmhpbhlhnb( Jawbubr# MNP~ jlub pjb vapbhpmlc pa


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?(2 MNP lh` Vacmpmnlc Lnnahplomcmp} *Narrvpmah-

Pjb bzpbhp pa wjmnj l nahpr}~ nmpmtbh~ nlh ilkb pjbmr gaubrhibhp lnnahplocb

`bpbrimhb~ jaw wbcc pjb gaubrhibhp ehnpmah~( Vacmpmnlc nahprac ae vocmn aeemnmlc~

`bvbh`~ ah pwa elnpar~4 ) emr~pc}# erbb lh` rbgclr bcbnpmah~ pjlp lccaw nmpmtbh~ pa

`m~nmvcmhb vacmpmnmlh~ lh` ~bnah`c}# pjb `bgrbb ae nmpmtbh mhearilpmah wjmnj nro~ pjb

avvarphmpmb~ vacmpmnmlh~ il} jlub pa bhglgb mh vacmpmnlc narrvpmah lh` ilhlgbibhp

*L`~brl# bp lc# ?66>-( Pjm~ ~bnpmah wmcc ean~ ah pjb ~bnah` elnparnmpmtbh mhearilpmah)

pjlp m~ pjb mhearilpmah lulmclocb pa nmpmtbh~ pjlp wac` jbcv pjbi pa ilkb pjbmr

gaubrhibhp~ lnnahplocb(

Narrvpmah m~ nah~m`brb` pa ob ahb ae pjb ia~p ~mghmemnlhp ao~plncb~ pa bnahaimn

`bubcavibhp *Lh`br~bh# ?66=-( Lnnar`mhg pa Umha`# *


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PLOCB -# ia~p b)gaubrhibhp vradbnp~ mh

`bubcavmhg nahprmb~ elmc# wmpj >2 vbrnbhp obmhg ncl~~memb` l~ paplc elmcrb~ *b)

gaubrhibhp wl~ hap mivcbibhpb` ar wl~ mivcbibhpb` op miib`mlpbc} lolh`ahb`-#

lh` 26 vbrnbhp l~ vlrpmlc elmcrb~ *ildar galc~ wbrb hap lpplmhb` lh`!ar pjbrb wbrb

h`b~mrlocb apnaib~-( Pjm~ nlh ob lpprmopb` pa l clnk ae b)rbl`mhb~~ ear b)gaubrhibhp

mh `bubcavmhg nahprmb~# ia~p b~vbnmlcc} Lermnlh nahprmb~( Lnnar`mhg pa Jbbk~# *?66?-#

|b~pmah~ nlh ob va~b` pa `bpbrimhb l hlpmah~ b)rbl`mhb~~4 ) pjb~b ~rrah` m~~b~

rbclpmhg pa rbl`mhb~~ ae pjb `lpl ~}~pbi~ mherl~prnprb# pjb cbglc mherl~prnprb# pjb

mh~pmppmahlc mherl~prnprb# pjb jilh mherl~prnprb# pjb pbnjhacagmnlc mherl~prnprb#

lh` pjb cbl`br~jmv lh` ~prlpbgmn pjmhkmhg(


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NJLVPB_ PJ_BB

PJBA_BPMNLC E_LIBWA_K LH@ _B^BL_NJ

IBPJA@ACAG]

>(< Pjbarmb~ pjlp cmhk MNP wmpj @bubcavibhp

@bubcavibhp m~ lh mivraubibhp mh pjb cmub~ ae vbavcb lh` pjbmr naiihmpmb~( Wjbh

~p`}mhg pjb beebnp~ ae MNP ah `bubcavibhp# wb ~p`} pjb wl}~ mh wjmnj pbnjhacagmb~

pjlp bhlocb mhearilpmah pa ob naiihmnlpb` mivraub pjb cmub~ ae vbavcb( Pjm~ nlh ob

~p`mb` o} mhub~pmglpmhg pjb mivlnp ae MNP ah pjb ~anmlc `mibh~mah ae `bubcavibhp( Pjb

m`bl ae ~anmlc `bubcavibhp ~ggb~p~ pjlp vbavcb vlrpmnmvlpb mh mivraumhg pjbmr

nmrni~plhnb~ pjragj pjb `bubcavibhp ae jblcpjnlrb# b`nlpmah# lh` pjb bhumrahibhp

\rb~jm# *?66=-( Lnnar`mhg pa ^abepb~pl` lh` ^bmh# *?66>- `bubcavibhp gab~ ob}ah`

ibrb ~plpm~pmnlc mh`mnlpar~ ar bnahaimn pjbar}# op mp m~ loap rb`nmhg vaubrp}#

mhnrbl~mhg pjb ~plh`lr` ae cmumhg# mhnrbl~mhg b`nlpmahlc lh` jblcpj cbubc~# lh` omc`mhg

l `bianrlpmn ~anmbp} ilrkb` o} mhuacubibhp# vlrpmnmvlpmah# lh` prlh~vlrbhn}( Erai pjb

loaub# mp nlh ob ~bbh pjlp `bubcavibhp ~jac` hap ob ibl~rb` o} wjlp cbubc ae G@V l

vbr~ah jl~# op o} pjb nlvlomcmpmb~ lh` iblh~ pjlp mh`mum`lc~ mh l nahpr} jlub pa obppbr

pjbmr cmub~(

_bnbhpc}# pjbrb jl~ obbh pjb `bubcavibhp ae ilh} hbw pjbarbpmnlc erlibwark~ lh`

ibpja`acagmb~ pjlp jbcv ~ pa obppbr h`br~plh` pjb rbclpmah~jmv obpwbbh MNP~ lh`

`bubcavibhp( Pjb~b pjbarmb~ jlub oarrawb` m`bl~ erai ulrma~ `m~nmvcmhb~ ae ~anmlc

~nmbhnb( Mh pjm~ ~bnpmah# M wac` ob rbumbwmhg ~aib ae pjb~b pjbarmb~(

>(


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vlppbrh ae ~anmlc rbclpmah~ mh pjb ~anmbp} Bcolhhl# *?66=-( Pjm~ umbw m~ l pbnjhacag})cb`

pjbar} ae ~anmlc njlhgb( Lnnar`mhg pa pbnjhacagmnlc `bpbrimhm~p~# pbnjhacag} mh gbhbrlc

m~ pjb vrmib nl~b ae njlhgb~ mh ~anmbp}# lh` pbnjhacag} m~ aepbh ~bbh l~ pjb

eh`libhplc nah`mpmah h`brc}mhg pjb vlppbrh ae ~anmlc arglhmtlpmah Njlh`cbr# *(


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l~ pjb ilmh `bpbrimhlhp ae pbnjhacagmnlc `bubcavibhp( Pjb} gbhbrlcc} pr} pa ~jaw

bivmrmnlcc} pjlp pbnjhacag} m~ l vra`np ae ahc} ~anmlc nah~prnpmah( ^NAP)ol~b`

~p`mb~ lrb ol~b` ah pjrbb vrmhnmvcb~4 rbcbulhp ~anmlc grav *~bbk~ pa m`bhpme} pjb grav

ae mh`mum`lc~ pjlp ~jlrb lh lpplnjibhp pa pjb ~lib ~bp ae iblhmhg~ rbclpmhg pa l nbrplmh

lrpbelnp-; mhpbrvrbplpmub ecbzmomcmp} *`blc~ wmpj rbublcmhg pjb `meebrbhp mhpbrvrbplpmah~ pjlp

blnj ~anmlc grav `bubcav ear pjb pbnjhacag} h`br ~p`}-; lh` nca~rb lh` ~plomcmtlpmah

*l``rb~~b~ jaw nbrplmh mhpbrvrbplpmah~ ae pjb pbnjhacag} glmh iarb vawbr aubr apjbr~

lh` vrbulmc lp pjb bh`-( ^NAP m~ nrmpmnm~b` ah pjb grah` pjlp mp mgharb~ pjb pbnjhacag}

mp~bce lh` nah~m`br~ mp~ `bubcavibhp l~ l ibrb ~anmlc ilppbr(

>( Lnpar Hbpwark Pjbar} *LHP-

Pjm~ m~ ahb ae pjb hbwc} `bubcavb` pjbarmb~ pjlp cmhk MNP wmpj `bubcavibhp( Pjm~ pjbar}

m~ ~bec mh MNP0@ obnl~b mp lccaw~ pjb lhlc}~m~ ae pbnjhacagmnlc!~anmlc hbpwark~ l~

naivcbz ~}~pbi~# hap d~p l~ ~mivcb omhlr} vamhp~ ae lnnb~~ pa pbnjhacag}( Mh gbhbrlc#

LHP l~~ib~ pjlp mp m~ va~~mocb pa prlnb ap ~anmapbnjhmnlc hbpwark~ naivrm~b` ae

icpmvcb bhpmpmb~ lnra~~ ~vlnb lh` pmib( Lnpar)hbpwark pjbar} armgmhlpb` l~ l ~}~pbi pa

bzvclmh jaw ~nmbhnb wark~( Mp armgmhlpb` wmpjmh pjb ~anmacag} ae ~nmbhnb lh` pbnjhacag}

~p`mb~ _omhaee# *?66:-( LHP nlh ob l iblh~ ae rbnahnmcmhg pjb pbnjhacag}

`bpbrimhm~i lh` ~anmlc nah~prnpmum~i ~njaac~ o} vraum`mhg lh lcpbrhlpmub umbw ae pjb

~anmlc lh` pjb pbnjhmnlc( Mp umbw~ pjb ~anmlc lh` pjb pbnjhmnlc l~ obmhg bhib~jb` mh l

hbpwark omcp pa lnjmbub pjb hbpwark omc`br~ galc~ Bcolhhl# *?66=-( Pjb lnpar)

hbpwark l~ l nahnbvp wl~ `bubcavb` mh pjb


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vra`np ae l hbpwark ae jbpbragbhba~ ilpbrmlc~ pjlp m~ vlrpc} ~anmlc# vlrpc} pbnjhmnlc#

lh` vlrpc} hlprlc Bcolhhl# *?66=-(

>(


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EMGR_B ?4 Cmhk~ obpwbbh Pbnjhacag} lh` Jilh @bubcavibhp

_b~arnb~ ear b`nlpmah# jblcpj#

Khawcb`gb Nrblpmump} Naiihmnlpmah

Bivca}ibhp

L`ulhnb~ mh ib`mnmhb#

Naiihmnlpmah~#

lgrmncprb#

Bhbrg}# ilhelnprmhg

_b~arnb~ ear

Pbnjhacag} `bubcavibhp Vra`npmump} glmh~

^arnb4 RH@V# *?66


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b|lcmp} wl~ ~b` l~ pjb `bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb wjmcb MNP ulrmlocb~ lcahg wmpj apjbr

nahprac ulrmlocb~ wbrb ~b` l~ pjb mh`bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb( Pjm~ ia`bc wl~ hap ol~b` ah

lh} bnahaimn pjbar}(

Pjb ildar `meebrbhnb~ obpwbbh i} ia`bc lh` Njbh ?660 lrb4

) L `meebrbhp ~bp ae `bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb~) ^^L nahprmb~ ear pjb vbrma`


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Lnnar`mhg pa Olrraw lh` Cbb *?6- jlub ~jawb` pjlp

nahprmb~ wmpj l obppbr b`nlpb` vavclpmah jlub cb~~ narrvpmah# obnl~b b`nlpmah

rb`nb~ pjb pacbrlhnb ear narrvpmah *Cma# Cm# lh` A# ?6


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lnnahp pjb `meebrbhnb` ~prnprb ah pjb rb~m`lc `m~prolhnb~ *mp- lh` lc~a mp m~ ahc}

ulcm` P op hap l~ H * Olcplgm# O(# J( ?662-(

Lrbcclha lh` Oah` *


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Pjbrbearb# pjb bivmrmnlc ia`bc~ pa ob b~pmilpb` lrb4

CEBmp9 6 + MNPm#p)< + mp *2-

L@C mp9 6 + ?L@C mp)MNPm#p)< + mp *5-

NVMmp9 6 + >NVMmp)L@Cm#p)< + >MNPm#p)< + mp *7-

Mp m~ bzvbnpb` pjlp pjb MNP ulrmlocb~ wmcc jlub l va~mpmub mivlnp ah pjb ulrma~

`bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb~( Bnahaimn erbb`ai# l`cp cmpbrln} lh` G@V vbr nlvmpl lrb bzvbnpb`

pa jlub l va~mpmub mivlnp ah narrvpmah( Lc~a# gra~~ bhracibhp rlpma lh` lubrlgb }blr~

ae ~njaacmhg lrb bzvbnpb` pa jlub l va~mpmub mivlnp ah b`nlpmah(

>(?(? @b~nrmvpmah ae Ulrmlocb~@bvbh`bhp Ulrmlocb~


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>0

NVM m~ l nahpmha~ ~nlcb erai < pa


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>2

?( G@V vbr nlvmpl *nrrbhp R^$-G@V vbr nlvmpl m~ gra~~ àib~pmn vra`np `mum`b` o} im`}blr vavclpmah( G@V m~ pjb

~i ae gra~~ ulcb l``b` o} lcc rb~m`bhp vra`nbr~ mh pjb bnahai} vc~ lh} vra`np

plzb~ lh` imh~ lh} ~o~m`mb~ hap mhnc`b` mh pjb ulcb ae pjb vra`np~( Mp m~ nlcnclpb`

wmpjap ilkmhg `b`npmah~ ear `bvrbnmlpmah ae elormnlpb` l~~bp~ ar ear `bvcbpmah lh`

`bgrl`lpmah ae hlprlc rb~arnb~( @lpl lrb mh nrrbhp R(^( àcclr~( *ârnb4 W@M-

>( Naiomhb` Gra~~ Bhracibhp _lpma ear Vrmilr}# ^bnah`lr} lh` Pbrpmlr}^njaac~ *"-4

Pjb hiobr ae ~p`bhp~ bhraccb` mh vrmilr}# ~bnah`lr} lh` pbrpmlr} cbubc~ ae b`nlpmah#

rbglr`cb~~ ae lgb# l~ l vbrnbhplgb ae pjb vavclpmah ae pjbarbpmnlc ~njaac lgb ear pjb

pjrbb cbubc~( *ârnb4 J@_-

0( Bnahaimn Erbbài Mh`bzMh`bz ae Bnahaimn Erbbài ibl~rb~ pjb pbh naivahbhp~ ae bnahaimn erbbài# ~mhg

l ~nlcb erai 6 pa


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>5

NJLVPB_ EAR_

B^PMILPMAH LH@ _B^RCP^

Pjm~ ~bnpmah wmcc `blc wmpj pjb vrb~bhplpmah# lhlc}~m~ lh` `m~n~~mah ae pjb rb~cp~

aoplmhb`( _b~cp~ erai pjb hmp raap pb~p wmcc ob vrb~bhpb`; lc~a pjb rb~cp~ erai pjb

b~pmilpmah ae pjb AC^# EB lh` GII *MU- b~pmilpmah wmcc lc~a ob `m~n~~b`( Pjb lmi ae

pjm~ njlvpbr m~ pa bmpjbr nahemri ar rbepb pjb j}vapjb~m~ vrb~bhpb` mh vrbuma~ njlvpbr~(

0(< Rhmp _aap Pb~p

Obcaw m~ pjb rb~cp ae pjb Vjmcmv~)Vbrrah pb~p pa njbnk ear pjb bzm~pbhnb ae hmp raap~

liahg pjb ulrmlocb~ ~b` mh pjb ia`bc ~vbnmemnlpmah( V)ulcb~ clrgbr pjlh 6(< mh`mnlpb~

pjlp pjb Vjmccmv~)Vbrrah pb~p cmb~ mh~m`b pjb lnnbvplhnb rbgmah lp


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>7

0(? Vrb~bhplpmah lh` @m~n~~mah ae _b~cp~ ear MNP lh` Jblcpj

Pjb plocb obcaw ~jaw~ pjb rb~cp~ erai pjb b~pmilpmah ae AC^ *mh cbubc~-# EB *mh cbubc~-

lh` GII *mh emr~p `meebrbhnb- ah pjb mivlnp ae MNP ah jblcpj *cmeb bzvbnplhn}- mh

~bcbnpb` ^^L nahprmb~( L~ ~vbnmemb` mh b|lpmah *2-# lcc ae pjb rbgrb~~mah~ mh Plocb 0(?

jlub pjb ~lib nahprac ulrmlocb~ op `meebrbhp MNP ulrmlocb~# ~a l~ pa ob locb pa ibl~rb

pjb ~vbnmemn mivlnp ae blnj MNP ulrmlocb( Pjb `lpl ~bp naivrm~b` ae 06 nahprmb~ ear l

vbrma` ae


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>:

Plocb 0(?4 @bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb4 Cmeb Bzvbnplhn} lp Omrpj

AC^ B~pmilpmah EB B~pmilpmah GII *MU- B~pmilpmah

Mh`bvbh`bhp

Ulrmlocb~ _bg(2(< _bg(2(? _bg(2(> _bg(2(0 _bg(2(l _bg(2(0l _bg(2(o _bg(2(0o

Clggb` CEB :=- *6(6?=:- *6(6>2>>- *6(6?0?- *6(6>02- *6(6?=2-NAHP_ACUL_MLOCB^

G@V vbr Nlvmpl )6(6660B)65 6 6(666< 6(666< 6(666< 6(666 6(666? 6(666 6(666665-$ *5(=


39/52

>=

0(> Vrb~bhplpmah lh` @m~n~~mah ae _b~cp~ ear MNP lh` B`nlpmah

Plocb 0(> `m~vcl}~ pjb rb~cp~ erai pjb b~pmilpmah ae AC^ *mh cbubc~-# EB *mh cbubc~- lh`

GII *mh emr~p `meebrbhnb- ah pjb mivlnp ae MNP ah b`nlpmah *l`cp cmpbrln}- mh ~bcbnpb`

^^L nahprmb~( Lcc ae pjb rbgrb~~mah~ ah pjb mivlnp ae MNP ah b`nlpmah jlub pjb ~lib

nahprac ulrmlocb~ op `meebrbhp ibl~rb~ ae MNP mherl~prnprb( Vbr~ahlc naivpbr~ wbrb

hap mhnc`b` mh pjm~ ia`bc `b pa mh~eemnmbhp `lpl mh pjb pmib vbrma` rb|mrb`( Pjb `lpl

~bp naivrm~b` ae ?: nahprmb~ ear l vbrma` ae 7 }blr~ *?66>)?66=-# nahprmb~ wbrb

~bcbnpb` ol~b` ah `lpl lulmclomcmp}( Ah lubrlgb# pjb bzvclhlpar} ulrmlocb~ lnnahp ear =6

vbr nbhp ae pjb ulrmlpmah mh l`cp cmpbrln}( ^lrglh~ pb~p ae aubrm`bhpme}mhg rb~prmnpmah~

`ab~ hap rbdbnp pjb ulcm`mp} ae mh~pribhp~ ~b`(

Pjb nabeemnmbhp~ ae iaomcb vjahb~# o} GII wbrb jmgjbr pjlh pjb EB lh` AC^

b~pmilpb( Pjb AC^ lh` GII b~pmilpb~ ear iaomcb vjahb~ wbrb ~mghmemnlhp( Emzb`

pbcbvjahb cmhb~ jl~ l hbglpmub GII b~pmilpb lh` va~mpmub AC^ lh` EB b~pmilpb~# hahb

ae pjb~b lrb ~plpm~pmnlcc} ~mghmemnlhp( Mhpbrhbp ~br~ jl~ l hbglpmub AC^ b~pmilpb lh`

va~mpmub GII lh` EB b~pmilpb~# ahc} pjb GII b~pmilpb m~ ~mghmemnlhp( Pjb hcc

j}vapjb~m~ m~ rbdbnpb` ear iaomcb vjahb~ lh` mhpbrhbp ~br~# op hap ear emzb` pbcbvjahb

cmhb~( Pjm~ rb~cp ~jaw~ pjlp iaomcb vjahb~ lh` pjb mhpbrhbp jlub l ildar racb pa vcl} mh

mhnrbl~mhg b`nlpmah apnaib mh ^^L# lh` bivjl~m~ ~jac` ob vclnb` ah pjbi( Emzb`

pbcbvjahb cmhb~ `a hap jlub l ~mghmemnlhp mivlnp ah b`nlpmah# pjm~ nac` ob l~ l rb~cp ae

pjb `bncmhmhg ~b ae emzb` pbcbvjahb~ mh ja~bjac`~ *`b pa pjb jmgj na~p ae mh~plcclpmah-#

lh` pjb grawmhg ~b ae iaomcb vjahb~ mh ^^L(


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06

Plocb 0(>4 @bvbh`bhp ulrmlocb4 L`cp Cmpbrln} _lpb

AC^ B~pmilpmah EB B~pmilpmah GII *MU- B~pmilpmah

Mh`bvbh`bhp Ulrmlocb~ _bg(5(< _bg(5(? _bg(5(> _bg(5(l _bg(5(o

Clggb` L@C 6(=>:6$$$ 6(=0>6$$$ 6(=0?7$$$ 6(>06?$$$ 6(>5?2$$$ 6(>2==$$$ 6(6>62 6(>5== $$$ 6(6


41/52

0 _bg(7(l _bg(7(o

Clggb` NVM 6(:7?5$$$ 6(:50=$$$ 6(:7::$$$ 6(>>5?$$$ 6(>?==$$$ 6(>600$$$ )6(=7- *6(


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0>

Pjb rbl~ah ear pjm~ imzb` rb~cp nac` ob lpprmopb` pa pjb elnp pjlp MNP mherl~prnprb~

oapj lm` lh` lobp narrvpmah( Mp lobp~ lhpm)narrvpmah o} nrblpmhg l iblh~ ear vbavcb pa

jlub lnnb~~ pa mhearilpmah ~a l~ pa ilkb vbavcb lnnahplocb ear pjbmr lnpmah~; mp lm`~

narrvpmah o} nrblpmhg l ~mplpmah ae lhah}imp}# pjlp m~# vbavcb nlh jm`b objmh` pjb

mhpbrhbp lh` vjahb~ pa vbrvbplpb pjbmr narrvp lnp~# lh` ~mhnb ia~p ^^L nahprmb~ clnk

pjb rb~arnb~ pa mhub~p mh pbnjhacagmb~ pjlp nlh emh~ pja~b jm`mhg objmh` ~nrbbh~# pjb~b

lnp~ ae narrvpmah nahpmhb pa vbr~m~p( Lc~a# ia~p ^^L nahprmb~ lrb hap b)rbl`} ear pjb

~b ae MNP mh gaubrhibhp lnpmumpmb~# wjmnj cbl`~ pa elmcrb~( _bl`mhb~~ rbclpb~ pa `lpl

lh` ~}~pbi mherl~prnprb# cbglc lh` mh~pmppmahlc mherl~prnprb# lh` cbl`br~jmv lh`

~prlpbgmn pjmhkmhg *Jbbk~# ?66?-(

Bnahaimn erbbài ~lpm~emb` mp~ lvrmarm bzvbnplpmah pjlp mhnrbl~b mh erbbài *bnahaimn-#

cbl`~ pa l rb`npmah mh narrvpmah( BE wl~ ahc} ~mghmemnlhp ear pjb EB b~pmilpb( Pjb

b~pmilpb` nabeemnmbhp~ ae G@V lrb va~mpmub# hahb lrb ~plpm~pmnlcc} ~mghmemnlhp( G@V vbr

nlvmpl jl~ l wblk beebnp ah narrvpmah; pjm~ nac` ob l~ l rb~cp ae pjb hbglpmub

rbclpmah~jmv obpwbbh narrvpmah lh` mhnaib grawpj( Pjb b~pmilpb~ ear l`cp cmpbrln}#

wjmnj lnp~ l~ l vraz} ear b`nlpmahlc lpplmhibhp ulrmb` obpwbbh va~mpmub lh` hbglpmub

nabeemnmbhp~( Pjb rbl~ah ear pjm~ nlh ob lpprmopb` pa pjb elnp pjlp lcpjagj mhnrbl~b mh

b`nlpmah jbcv~ mh rb`nmhg narrvpmah# b`nlpmah lc~a leebnp~ pjb mhnbhpmub~ ear

narrvpmah4 iarb b`nlpmah mhnrbl~b~ apvp lh` pj~ pjb rbhp~ erai narrvpmah *Bmnjbr#

Glrnml)Vbhlca~l# lh` ulh ]vbr~bcb# ?66=-(

Mh nahnc~mah# MNP jl~ pjb vapbhpmlc pa ob l paac mh pjb `bubcavibhp vranb~~ ae ô)

^ljlrlh Lermnl# b~vbnmlcc} mh pjb jblcpj ~bnpar l~ bum`bhnb` o} pjb loaub rb~cp~(

Lcpjagj pjb hcc j}vapjb~b~ wbrb rbdbnpb` ear pjb mivlnp ae MNP ah b`nlpmah lh`

narrvpmah# MNP nlh ~pmcc vcl} l ildar racb mh pjb mivraubibhp ae pjb~b `bubcavibhp

mh`mnlpar~(


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00

NJLVPB_ EMUB

NAHNCR^MAH

Pjm~ `m~~brplpmah lppbivpb` pa ibl~rb pjb nahprmopmah ae MNP pa bnahaimn

`bubcavibhp mh ^o)^ljlrlh Lermnl *^^L-# wmpj bivjl~m~ ah mp~ nahprmopmah pa jblcpj#

b`nlpmah lh` vacmpmnlc lnnahplomcmp} *narrvpmah-( R~mhg AC^# EB lh` GII *MU-

vlhbc rbgrb~~mah~# pjm~ vlvbr bivmrmnlcc} ibl~rb~ pjb beebnp ae MNP ah `bubcavibhp(

Ear mh`mnlpar~ wbrb ~b` pa vraz} MNP mherl~prnprb4 iaomcb vjahb~ vbr


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02

nah~bh~~ pjlp nahprmb~ ~bbkmhg pa ~prbhgpjbh pjbmr bnahaimb~ ~jac` ilkb mp l vrmarmp}

pa mivraub MNP lnnb~~ lh` |lcmp}(

Pjm~ ~p`} wl~ cmimpb` o} clnk ae lulmclomcmp} ae nah~m~pbhp lh` lnnrlpb lhhlc `lpl(

Emhlcc}# pjm~ pavmn nlh ob bzpbh`b` o} nlrr}mhg ap nahpr} ~vbnmemn rb~blrnj ah pjb racb

ae MNP ear `bubcavibhp( M~~b~ pa ob ~p`mb` mhnc`b jaw MNP nlh ob ~b` mh vaubrp}

lccbumlpmah# lh` jaw mp nlh bhjlhnb ~~plmhlocb `bubcavibhp(


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05

_BEB_BHNB^

( Lrb ]a Obmhg ^brub`1 VacmpmnlcLnnahplomcmp} lh` pjb \lcmp} ae Gaubrhibhp( Pjb Darhlc ae Clw# Bnahaimn~#

lh` Arglhmtlpmah# Uac( >(Lnnb~~b`4 6:!6>!?6( Lh`br~bh# P( O(# ?66=( B)Gaubrhibhp l~ lh lhpm)narrvpmah ~prlpbg}Mhearilpmah Bnahaimn~ lh` Vacmn}# Uac( ?< vv( ?6


47/52

07

:# Ha( ? vv(

>?6)>>?

?2)>02(

??(Enj~# P( lh` Wab~~ilhh# C( ?660( Naivpbr~ lh` ^p`bhp Cblrhmhg4Omulrmlpb lh`

Icpmulrmlpb Bum`bhnb ah pjb Lulmclomcmp} lh` R~b ae Naivpbr~ lp Jaib lh` lp

^njaac# NB^mea Warkmhg Vlvbr Ha( ?(Gmoo~# @( lh` Plhhbr# K(


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0:

>?(Jbbk~# _(# ?66?( B)Gaubrhibhp mh Lermnl4 Vraim~b lh` Vrlnpmnb( M@VI#Ha( # Rhmubr~mp} ae Ilhnjb~pbr# RK(

>>(Jbbk~# _(# ?66>( Ia~p bGaubrhibhp)ear)@bubcavibhp Vradbnp~ Elmc4 Jaw Nlh

_m~k~ ob _b`nb`1mGaubrhibhp Warkmhg Vlvbr ^brmb~# Vlvbr ha( 0(Jbrmplgb Eah`lpmah# ?6Lulmclocb lp4jppv4!!www(gcaolcmtlpmahlh`jblcpj(nai!nahpbhp!?!

0jppv4!!nmpb~bbrz(m~p(v~(b`!umbwàn!~iilr}1àm91àm9


49/52

0=

07(Cmpja# V( ?665( MNP~# bivawbribhp lh` waibh cmumhg mh rrlc Rglh`l(Vlvbr vrb~bhpb` lpWaibh# MNP~ lh` @bubcavibhp Wark~jav( Ilhnjb~pbr#RK4M@VI# Rhmubr~mp} ae Ilhnjb~pbr(

0:(Ilnjmh# ^(# InHlcc}# ^(# lh` ^mcul# A( ?665( Hbw Pbnjhacag} mh ^njaac~4 M~Pjbrb l Vl}aee1 Pjb Bnahaimn Darhlc# Uac(


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26

*B`(-# @bubcavmhg ^nnb~~ec MNP ^prlpbgmb~4 Naivbpmpmub L`ulhplgb~ mh l

Gcaolc Khawcb`gb)@rmubh ^anmbp}( Hbw ]ark4 Mhearilpmah ^nmbhnb _bebrbhnb(

Njlvpbr 7

5


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Measuring the Contribution of Ict to Economic Development on Selected Ssa Countries