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Forensic Toxicology Approach for the Analysis of
Poisons in Blood Sample
Presented By
Rahul Thakur
Reg. No-7040070057 , Section- A77T1
Dept of Biotechnology ,Lovely Professional University
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branch of Science dealing with Medical and Legal aspects of the
harmful chemicals
on human beings such as poisons and drugs and its application in
crime solvingand chemical analysis to determine the cause and
circumstances of death in a
postmortem investigation.
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Forensics Toxicology future
Forensic toxicology has become an increasingly prominent area
of
science within the last 10 years. Technology has continued to
advance
at a similar pace ,more and more new techniques (GC head space
and
UPLC) are introduced to check the evidences even at minute
level.
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Objective
The objective of the current work is to collect the information
from
the laboratory experiments and present some logical
conclusions
out of it.
And an approach has been made to develop a simple, fast and
less
expensive method for easy detection of poisons in different
biological samples
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ScreeningConfirmation
color tests
Quick test to narrow down possibilities, Determines exact
identity
Colour Test TLC GC HPLC
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Poison analysis byTLC
Pesticides/drugs
analysis by HPLC
Alcohol analysis by
Gas Liquid
Chromatography
Alcohol analysis
using Cuvette test
Qualitative analysis
Quantitative analysis
Poison Analysis
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Qualitative Analysis
Objective: Rapid screening of blood sample for alcohol
Cuvette Test
Principle
The principle behind this test is the chromic acid oxidation of
alcohol. Acidified
potassium dichromate is an oxidizing agent that oxidizes primary
alcohols.
During oxidation, dichromate ions are reduced and the color
changes from
orange to green.
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Figure : Diagrammatic representation of the experiment a)
Diagram of cuvette b) Cuvette fitted in conical
flask c) Cuvette with sample in conical flask and potassium
dichromate solution .d) Cuvette with sample in
conical flask and K2Cr2O7 solution turns green after if alcohol
is present. Green ring formed in K2Cr2O7
solution shows the presence of alcohol.
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Sensitivity of
Cuvette Test
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Qualitative Analysis
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Poison Analysis by TLC
TLC
Development of the New Solvent Systems for the Analysis of the
Malathion
Extracted from Blood
Malathion extraction from blood ProcedureStep 1
Step 2 Preparation of TLC plateTLC plate coated
with silica Gel
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Spotting
of the
TLC
plate
Steps followed
in TLCexperiment
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Novelty
Development of new solvents system
Total of 36 samples were used and Rf in each case is
calculated
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On varying the proportions of the different solvents some best
results were found
On the basis of the Rf value of solvents
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Conclusion
Although different methods has been employed for the
analysis
of the malathion in the blood including High Performance
liquidChromatography, Gas Chromatography etc but the factor of
expensiveness come into picture in these cases . If we
compare
these methods with Thin layer Chromatography (TLC) the gap
of
expensiveness can be overcome up to a great range, also TLC
does not require any sophisticated instrumentation and
compoundcan be extracted , identified and analyzed in very lesser
time.
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Gas Liquid Chromatography
GLC has proved a popular
tool for the quantitativeanalysis of trace organics.
The major reason for this
is probably the fact that
GLC was the first
technique to combine arapid, efficient separation
step with detectors that
could be used
computationally at high
sensitivity and with wide
applicability.
a) Ethanol is one of the most widely abused
drugs all over the world .
b) Alcohol intoxication is strongly associatedwith road traffic
accidents, suicides, and
homicides.
Therefore the estimation of alcohol in blood has
become very necessary in medico legal cases andGLC provides a
sophisticated system for quantitative
analysis of alcohol.
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Steps in the GC experiment
Preliminary
Test
Distillation
Extraction of Alcohol from blood
A process in which
vapour mixtures of
two or moresubstances are
separated into their
individual
components of
desired purity by the
application and
removal of heat.
Distillation is based
on the fact that
components in
a mixture of differentliquids have different
boiling points, thus
the vapours can be
separated.
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Working over GC
Alcohol can be easily analyzed by GLC
under these condition
Openingof N2Valve
TemperatureOpening
of H2,O2
Injector Temperature - 140C
Detector Temperature - 160C
Oven Temperature - 130C
IgnitionRun the
software
30 ml/min
H2- 25 ml/min
O2- 250 ml/min
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PeakResults
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Results
S.No. Reference Peak Area Retention time
1. 79mg/ml 442447 6.48
79mg/ml 424151 6.44
2. 39.5mg/ml 231213 6.50
39.5mg/ml 224897 6.43
S.No. Sample Peak Area Retention time
1. Sample 1 413999 6.47399297 6.40
2. Sample 2 406233 6.52
319668 6.51
3. Sample 3 242163 6.46
209143 6.42
Reference Readings
Sample Readings
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Data analysis
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Paperscommunicated
for Publication
1
2
Journal of Institution of Chemist in
India
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Conclusion
The determination of alcohol in human tissue of fluids is by far
the
most frequent analysis performed by a forensic-
toxicological
laboratory. There are many procedures devised and proposed for
thisdetermination most of which are reliable. But they also have
certain
limitations such as number of steps, time consumption, cost
factor
etc. and try to develop some new solvents and rapid
screening
method .which is infect easy to perform with very small
requirement.
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Future work
HPLC
TMA
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References
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aurA
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