30

8 (Solid Handling)

1. 2. (particle) (cohesive force) (powder) 0.1-1000 50 1 (bulk properties) (powder flow and packing) (thermal response) (agglomeration)

(coarse particle) (fine particle) (very fine particle) (ultrafine particle) (/) (Microscope method) (Sedimentation methods) (Sedimentation methods) Stream methods (Elutriation method) (Screen Analysis) (Sieving Techniques) 37 ( monolithic electrodepositon 2 ) (mesh size) 44 44 (agglomeration) (dry sieve analysis) 20 (wet analysis) 37 (British standard) (Tyler standard) (ASTM) (aperture size) 100 0.147 .. 0.152 .. 0.149 .. 2 (dry) (wet) sieve analysis (Cumulative Analysis)cumulative undersize( over size) (aperture size) () (Differential Analysis) (weight retained) (aperture size) (Bar Graph or Histogram) (mass fraction) () semi-log sieve analysis sieve Gaudin-Schuhmann Cumulative undersize percentage sieve aperture log-log scale Wt = 100 (d/k) ..(1) Wt = Cumulative weight percent undersize d = Aperture size of sieve K = Constant known as size modulus = Constant known as distribution modulus () () (reproducibility)

(Size Reduction) size reduction 1. (Compression)2. (Impact)3. (Attrition or rubbing)4. (Cutting)2 crusher 150-250 (6-10 ) 6 ( 0.5) (Crusher) Jaw crushers Gyratory crushers Crushing rolls

(Grinders-intermediate and fine) Hammer Mills Rolling Compression Mills Ball Mills Roller Mills Attrition Mills Tumbling Mills Rod Mills Tube Mills; Compartment Mills Ultra fine grinder Hammer Mills with internal Classification Fluid-energy Mills Agitate Mill Cutting machines ball mill ball mill Ball Mill Batch Mill Continuous Mill

Batch mill Ball mill Medium , , Additive (Deflocculant) Ball Mill Ball Mill Batch Mill batch, Batch Mill (Hard Material) (Soft Material)

1. 2. 3. (Type of Grinding Media)4. (Liner)5. (Critical Speed)6. Medium 7. (Hardness) 8. 9. (Viscosity) (Density) 10. Deflocculant Deflocculant11. (Additive)

2 (centrifugal force) cascading

(critical speed) (shear impact) (shell liner) (critical speed)

(Impact) (Grinding) 60 - 80 %

0.7 - 0.8 0.6 - 0.7

80 % Cataracting

Cataracting 45 5 Cascade-Condition (Ball) Angle of Repose Bulk Material ( ) Bulk Density Bulk density bulk Density 7 (Angle of repose)

orifice hopper silo (silo) (bulk material)

(moisture content) (food spoilage) 50 - 5,000

2 1. (hopper silo) (conveyor)2. (flat silo flat bottom silo) (conveyor) (sweep auger) hopper silo

Pneumatic Conveying Systems () Pneumatic conveying systems (Power & Granular) Bulk Handling (DENSE PHASE) (DILUTE PHASE) 1. Dense Phase Conveying Systems Positive Pressure 2. Dilute Phase Conveying Systems (Cyclone) (Mechanical Collectors) 2 (gravity settling chambers) (cyclone collectors) (vortex) vanes

(collection Mechanisms) 2 1. 2. 30 ( main vortex) ( core vortex) 2 (double vortex) (Hopper) () ()

2 1. (tangential entry cyclone) 2. (axial entry) vanes (conventional cyclones) (high efficiency cyclone) (body diameter) ( 3 0.9 4 12 1.2 3.6 ) 3 (High volumecyclone)

Bulk density (bulk density) (physical properties) (density) (bulk material) (solid density) (solid density) (bulk density) solid density bulk density (mass) (volume) (pore)

(moisture content)

(porosity) (silo)

bulk density bulk density 1 bulk density (moisture content)

1. 2.

1 Partial size distribution1. 2. 3. CaCO3 ( 100 )4. CaCO3 2 Size Reduction1. ball ( ball)2. CaCO3 Ball Mill3. () 154. CaCO3 sieve 15. CaCO3 16. 2 5 ball 3 Repose angle1. CaCO3 0 2. 3. CaCO3 4. 5. 2

4 Flow through orifice1. Hopper ( 4 cm)2. diameter Orifice3. 2 Orifice diameter 1. Hopper ( 4 cm)2. diameter ( d = 15 mm) Orifice3. 2 5 Cyclone Separation1. 2. Cyclone Separator3. 4. 2 3 6 Bulk Density1. 2. CaCO33. 4. 5. CaCO3

1 Particle size distributionwt.(CaCO3) 101.20 gsieve size(m)wt sieve(g)wt sieve+solid (g)wt solid(g)

710131.95175.3043.35

500125.40132.607.20

355121.20129.458.25

250119.85137.3017.45

Bottom121.75147.1025.35

2 Size reduction (Vary size of ball)wt(CaCO3)101.30g35rpmwt(ball)1000.00gD(ball mill)0.20mVc94.42915069rpmsieve size(m)wt sieve(g)Big ballSmall ball

wt sieve+solid (g)wt solid(g)wt sieve+solid (g)wt solid(g)

710131.95137.956.00176.1044.15

500125.40126.250.85129.954.55

355121.20125.504.30134.9013.70

250119.85166.6046.75130.2010.35

Bottom121.73164.4542.72152.9531.22

3 Repose angle 1 2 3

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

554770575869575565

300298310305305295300290290

4 Flow through orificewt(beaker)82.15g Height4cmD(mm)Time(s)wt(beaker + solid) g

15113.351116.10

213.601116.10

12128.941116.10

229.751116.10

9162.281116.10

263.351116.10

Diameter15mmHeight(cm)Time(s)wt(beaker + solid) g

4114.041111.60

214.121110.20

3111.37879.80

210.88880.10

219.22749.90

29.28749.40

5 Cyclone separationPressure(bar)weight sand (g)Time(s)

initialfinal

0.80199.10198.3555.50

0.90198.35197.8054.57

1.00197.80197.1060.68

1.10197.15196.3070.94

6 Bulk densityWeight of cylinder153gTypewt(cylinder+solid) gVol(ml)

Dry215.3060.00

Dry+Pressure215.1450.00

Wet+Pressure231.2045.00

1 SIEVE TEST

SIEVEwt solid(g)%wt solid

710 m43.3542.67

500 m7.207.09

355 m8.258.12

250 m17.4517.18

Bottom25.3524.95

TOTAL101.60100.00

2 Size Reduction

SIEVEwt solid(g)% wt solid

BigballSmall ballBigballSmall ball

710 m6.0044.155.9642.46

500 m0.854.550.844.38

355 m4.3013.704.2713.18

250 m46.7510.3546.469.95

42.7231.2242.4630.03

TOTAL100.62103.97100.00100.00

3 Repose angle

1 2 3

57.361.359.059.2

302.7301.7293.3299.2

4 Flow Through Orifice

Fix height 4 cm

D(mm)Time(s)wt solid avg(g)Mass flow(g/s)

1518.631033.9555.50

1229.351033.9535.23

962.821033.9516.46

Fix Diameter 15 mm

H(cm)Time(s)wt solid avg(g)Mass flow(g/s)

414.081028.7573.06

311.13797.8071.71

29.25667.5072.16

5 Cyclone separation

P(bar)weight sand (g)Time(s)Mass flow% loss

initialfinalg/s

0.80199.10198.3555.503.570.38

0.90198.35197.8054.573.620.28

1.00197.80197.1060.683.250.35

1.10197.15196.3070.942.770.43

6 Bulk density

Typewt solid(g)V(ml)Density(g/ml)

Dry62.3060.001.04

Dry+Pressure62.1450.001.24

Wet+Pressure78.2045.001.74

Compare table

SIEVE%wt solid

non reducereduce by big ballreduce by small ball

710 m42.675.9642.46

500 m7.090.844.38

355 m8.124.2713.18

250 m17.1846.469.95

Bottom24.9542.4630.03

TOTAL100.00100.00100.00

sieve test sieve power ,rpm time (Ball mill) CaCO3 710 m CaCO3 500-710 m rpm ( 80% 75.54 rpm) , , CaCO3 CaCO3 250- 350 m (46.46%) 250 m (42.46%) CaCO3 710 m 250 m 250-355 m CaCO3 ( 1) CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 59.2 (42 ) () CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 4 Mass flow rate Hopper Orifice Mass flow rate Orifice mass flow rate Diameter Orifice Mass flow rate mass flow rate diameter 15 mm , height 4 cm mass flow rate Mass flow rate 5 Cyclone separation cyclone mass flow rate mass flow rate Mass flow 0.8 bar 0.9 bar 0.9 bar mass flow rate 0.8 bar 1.0 bar mass flow rate 6 bulk density CaCO3 Bulk density CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 Bulk density CaCO3 Bulk density CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 Bulk density

1. 2. - 3. orifice Hopper Mass flow rate4. mass flow rate5. ( ) mass flow rate6. bulk density 1. 2. 3.

1. ball mill

2. mass flow rate

4D(mm)Time(s)wt solid avg(g)

1518.631033.95

3. Bulk density

6 Bulk density

Typewt solid(g)V(ml)Density(g/ml)

Wet+Pressure78.2045.001.74

1. http://www2.diw.go.th/km/pdf%5Cknow%5Ccyclone.pdf. 2. http://shape-community.blogspot.com/2007_03_01_archive.html. 3. http://www.thaiceramicsociety.com/pc_pre_grindmore.php. 4. http://www.mne.eng.psu.ac.th/staff/lek_files/ceramic/u9-2.htm. 5. http://www.inti.gob.ar/cirsoc/pdf/silos/SolidsNotes10HopperDesign.pdf. 6. http://www.agro.cmu.ac.th/e_books/604303/electronic%20laboratory_pdf/Lab6-size%20reduction.pdf. 7. http://www.foodnetworksolution.com/wiki/word/0494/silo-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5. \8. http://www.eg.mahidol.ac.th/dept/egche/PDF/che1/ChE303-1%20Bulk%20Density%20Determination.pdf9. http://opens.dpt.go.th/dpt_rsbldg/modules/standard/data_standard/Std_ts_method/1201.pdf10. http://www.mne.eng.psu.ac.th/staff/lek_files/ceramic/u92-1.htm11. http://www.foodnetworksolution.com/vocab/word/130312. http://shape-community.blogspot.com/2007/03/angle-of-repose-angle-of-repose-angle.html13. http://www.eg.mahidol.ac.th/dept/egche/PDF/che1/ChE303-1%20Bulk%20Density%20Determination.pdf14. http://www.foodnetworksolution.com/wiki/word/0494/silo-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A515. www.mtec.or.th/laboratory/powder/images/stories/documents/format.doc+&hl=th&gl=th&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgV26G2qcs3OWZv6qYEJIwII_19YdYG8IIlryqy9r41FguVHaUKzgekgSB_H-dvnT9BGKPt0MkxaNjR7smIzbvjy0R1X9WlhZlUzJ1rCgLihTKaJhHQyKMSF3yHdFLh1mlBTJM&sig=AHIEtbQM3Vj1jOUOWXjy1Hmcko2YsF402w. 16. https://www.google.co.th/search?q=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=x6yQUo21IMm4rgewvIDADQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1067&bih=591#q=angle+repose&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=dGG4Zo9IQ0ABDM%3A%3BjNmCBKTcS1vgWM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fi01.i.aliimg.com%252Fimg%252Fpb%252F489%252F107%252F106%252F106107489_102.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.alibaba.com%252Fproduct-free%252F111030641%252FA_three_wheeler_repose_angle_measuring.html%3B800%3B600