MDA in the Tri-Border Area: The roles of Indonesia’s Bakorkamla...STAF AHLI BIDANG HUKUM BADAN INTELIJEN NEGARA 12. ASOPS KASAL Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan Jakarta, 24 November

Badan Nasional Pengelola PerbatasanJakarta, 24 November 2011

I Made Andi ArsanaDept. of Geodetic Engineering, UGM

Maritime Security in Southeast Asia: Maritime Domain Awareness Manila, Philippines, January 29-31, 2012

I Made Andi ArsanaGeodesy and Geomatics, Gadjah Mada University

MDA in the Tri-Border Area: The roles of Indonesia’s Bakorkamla

I Made Andi [email protected]





MDA in Indonesia

Indonesian Navy Indonesia's Maritime Security Coordinating Board

Different institutions and MDA

Directorate General of Sea Communications

... etc





Bakorkamla at a glance

1. Relatively new (5 years)29 December 2006

2. Visions: integrated security, safety, and law enforcement in Indonesian waters

3. Missions: policy making, coordination of operations, technical & administration support, capacity building, community participation

4. Duty: Coordinating policy making and the integrated maritime security operations





Bakorkamla’s organisational structure





Bakorkamla’s organisational structure

Members of Bakorkamla:

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs• Ministry of Internal Affairs• Ministry of Defence• Ministry of Law and Human Rights• Ministry of Finance

• Ministry of Transportation• Ministry of Marine and Fisheries• General Attorney• Commander of Indonesian Armed Forces• Chief of Indonesian Police• Chief of State Intelligence Agency• Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy

Team of Bakorkamla:

1. DIRJEN HUKUM & PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL (KEMENLU)2. DIRJEN PEMERINTAHAN UMUM (KEMENDAGRI)3. STAF AHLI MENHAN BIDANG KEAMANAN (KEMENHAN)4. DIRJEN IMIGRASI (KEMENKUMHAM)5. DIRJEN BEA & CUKAI (KEMENKEU)6. DIRJEN PEHUBUNGAN LAUT (KEMENHUB)7. DIRJEN WASDAL (KKP)8. JAM INTEL (KEJAGUNG) 9. ASOPS PANGLIMA TNI10. WAKA BAHARKAM POLRI11. STAF AHLI BIDANG HUKUM BADAN INTELIJEN NEGARA 12. ASOPS KASAL





Bakorkamla’s facilities an infrastructure

Duty Unit (Satgas) coordinator regional office

MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordinating Centre) data processing centre

Ground Satellite Station (Chlorophyll, current, temp, weather) satellite: Terra and Aqua

RCC (Rescue Coordinating Centre) (radar, CCTV of 12 nautical miles)

Tri-border Area





INDOKAMLA - Information dissemination





Roles of Bakorkamla in Tri-Border Area



Maritime Security and the Triborder Sea Area

• The Sulu and Celebes Seas characterised as: A porous triborder area? Relatively ungoverned maritime space?

• Focus for maritime crime conduit for insurgent and terrorist groups piracy smuggling and illegal immigration

• Peripheral/neglected areas – poverty a key issue • Limited regional maritime security cooperation• Limited indigenous maritime surveillance and

enforcement capacity Signs of progress?

(Schofield, 2011)





Problems and Issues

1. Coordinating function [of Bakorkamla]?2. Human resources3. Facilities and equipment 4. Cross-border collaboration with

counterparts5. Maritime jurisdictional uncertainty

Undelimited maritime boundaries, overlapping claims and disputes

Disputes undermine bi-/trilateral maritime security cooperation



Maritime Delimitation issues

Indonesia-Malaysia

Note:This illustration is created by I Made Andi Arsana.Objects depicted here is for illustrative purposes only and do not necessarily represent true andaccurate location and dimension. The use of this illustration for any objective must be with awritten permission from I Made Andi Arsana. Email: [email protected]

Borneo

P. SipadanKr. Unarang

P. Ligitan

Malaysia(Sabah)

Indonesia(Kalimantan)

No

t to

scale

, fo

r il

lustr

ati

ve p

urp

oses o

nly

Land Boundary

Line of 4° 10’ N

Malaysia’s Claim (‘79)

Japex Block (‘66)

NE Kalimantan Block (‘70)

Malaysia’s ND6 and ND7 (’05)

Ambalat Block (‘99)

East Ambalat Block (‘04)

Indonesia’s baseline

Overlapping claim

Bukat Block (‘98)Ambalat?

Indonesia’s TS limit

Malaysia’s TS limit

Overlapping TSArsana, 2009 [[email protected]]

Sebawang Block (‘97)



Indonesia

Malaysia

I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2011

EEZ boundary(LOSC, Art. 74)

Continental Shelf boundary(LOS, Art. 83)

I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2012 Single boundary?

Maritime Delimitation (Indonesia-Malaysia)



Indonesia - Philippines

Maritime Delimitation issues





Indonesia

Philippines

Maritime Delimitation (Indonesia-the Philippines)


Are you sure to take it off?I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2012

Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing is a crime and unethical I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2012

Continental shelf boundary

EEZ boundary

Sin

gle

bo

un

da

ry f

or

CS

an

d E

EZ



Australia

Indonesia


EEZ Boundary(Signed in 1997)

Continental Shelf Boundary(Signed in 1970s)

Different CS and EEZ Boundaries: Indonesia-Australia

Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing is a crime and unethical I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2011





Concluding Remarks

1. Bakorkamla MDA in Indonesia2. Bakorkamla’s roles3. Focus: Tri-border Area4. Problems and issues5. Next steps:

1. Maritime boundary delimitation2. Enhancement of coordinating function

and transboundary maritime security cooperation





Thank youTerima kasih

Maraming salamat

Documents

MDA in the Tri-Border Area: The roles of Indonesia’s Bakorkamla...STAF AHLI BIDANG HUKUM BADAN INTELIJEN NEGARA 12. ASOPS KASAL Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan Jakarta, 24 November