MCAS Guide Page 6

KingdomsViruses

KINGDOMS

• All living things are separated into 5 kingdoms• Bacteria (2 types), Protists, Fungus, Plants and Animals

• There are many ways to tell them apart– Cell type: Prokaryote or Eukaryote– How many cells : Unicellular or Multicellular– Get food/Energy: Autotroph (make their own) or

Heterotroph (eat others)

• The trick is knowing what separates each!!!

• Bacteria- Prokaryote cells (the only one)

• Protists– Eukaryotes, mostly unicellular, mostly autotrophs

• Fungus– Eukaryotes, mostly multicellular, heterotrophs

• Plants– Eukaryotes, multicellular, autotrophs (photosynthesis)

• Animals– Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs

Viruses!!

• Viruses are not alive!!!• Why not?– They are not made of cells, only DNA and protein– They can not reproduce on their own– They inject themselves into other living things– They take over the cell and use the cell to reproduce

• Since viruses are not alive they don’t have a kingdom

A scientist discovered a new organism in some caves in Pennsylvania. The organism has the following characteristics:

It is multicellular.Its cells lack cell walls.It is motile.It is heterotrophic.

Based on this information, to which kingdom does the organism belong?

A. Animalia B. Eubacteria C. Fungi D. Plantae

A scientist discovered a new organism in some caves in Pennsylvania. The organism has the following characteristics:

It is multicellular. – Not bacteriaIts cells lack cell walls. – Not PlantsIt is motile. (Can move) – Not FungusIt is heterotrophic.

Based on this information, to which kingdom does the organism belong?

A. Animalia Animal is the only one that fits these criteria!!!

A process is illustrated in the diagram below.

Which process is illustrated in the diagram?

A. bacterial conjugation B. facilitated diffusion C. gamete formation D. viral reproduction

A process is illustrated in the diagram below.

Which process is illustrated in the diagram?

D. viral reproduction

Viruses take over cells to reproduce

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

A. Agaricus arvensis, horse mushroom B. Rhizopus stolonifer, bread mold fungus C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast D. Thiopedia rosea, purple sulfur bacterium

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

D. Thiopedia rosea, purple sulfur bacterium

Only bacteria are prokaryotes!!!

Which of the following is incapable of reproducing outside a host cell?

A. alga

B. mold C. moss D. virus

Which of the following is incapable of reproducing outside a host cell?

D. virus

Viruses need a host cell to reproduce

A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. Which of the following describes the structure of an adenovirus?

A. a prokaryotic cell that is propelled by a flagellum

B. a nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat

C. a set of ribosomes that is held together by microtubules

D. a single cell that contains a plasma membrane and a circular chromosome

A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. Which of the following describes the structure of an adenovirus?

B. a nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat

Viruses are not cells (so A and D are not true), Viruses

are Nucleic Acid (surrounded by protein)

The table below provides information about nutrition and cellular structure for organisms in different kingdoms.

Kingdom Nutrition Nucleus Unicell/MulticellFungi heterotrophic yes unicellular &

multicellularPlantae autotrophic yes multicellularAnimalia ? ? ?

What information best completes the table? A. autotrophic, no, unicellular B. autotrophic, yes, multicellular C. heterotrophic, no, unicellular D. heterotrophic, yes, multicellular

The table below provides information about nutrition and cellular structure for organisms in different kingdoms.

Kingdom Nutrition Nucleus Unicell/MulticellFungi heterotrophic yes unicellular &

multicellularPlantae autotrophic yes multicellularAnimalia ? ? ?

What information best completes the table? D. heterotrophic, yes, multicellular

Animals eat food (heterotrophic), have nucleus and are multicellular

A researcher is studying a particular disease-causing agent. The agent has a protein coat, but it lacks a nucleus, contains no other organelles, and can reproduce only when it is inside an animal cell.

The researcher should classify the agent as which of the following?

A. a bacterium

B. a fungus C. a protist D. a virus

A researcher is studying a particular disease-causing agent. The agent has a protein coat, but it lacks a nucleus, contains no other organelles, and can reproduce only when it is inside an animal cell.

The researcher should classify the agent as which of the following?

D. a virus

Virus can’t reproduce on their own!!!

Scientists have discovered a new type of organism. To assign the organism to a domain and kingdom, which of the following is most important for scientists to know?

A. the organism’s cell structure

B. the organism’s population size C. the organism’s social behavior D. the organism’s reproductive rate

Scientists have discovered a new type of organism. To assign the organism to a domain and kingdom, which of the following is most important for scientists to know?

A. the organism’s cell structure

The only category listed that separates kingdoms is

cell structure (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

Which of the following statements explains why viruses are able to reproduce only inside host cells instead of being able to reproduce on their own?

A. Viruses cannot function at temperatures other than 98.6°F.

B. Viruses lack spindle fibers that correctly align chromosomes for division.

C. Viruses are too small to effectively make copies of themselves on their own.

D. Viruses lack the cellular machinery needed to make copies of their genetic material.

Which of the following statements explains why viruses are able to reproduce only inside host cells instead of being able to reproduce on their own?

D. Viruses lack the cellular machinery needed to make copies of their genetic material.

• Viruses use the host cell’s organelles to copy themselves

A tomato plant in a greenhouse was found to be infected with tobacco mosaic virus. A few weeks later, nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus.

Which of the following best describes how the virus reproduced?

A. The virus made its own spores. B. The virus produced seeds in the tomatoes. C. The virus used the host plant’s resources and

machinery to reproduce. D. The virus immediately killed the host plant and

was free to reproduce.

A tomato plant in a greenhouse was found to be infected with tobacco mosaic virus. A few weeks later, nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus.

Which of the following best describes how the virus reproduced?

C. The virus used the host plant’s resources and machinery to reproduce.

Viruses use the host cell’s organelles to copy themselves

• There are not many questions on the kingdoms, but you will likely see one or two!!!