Mba 2 Sem Research Methodology (Bangalore University) (1)

8/8/2019 Mba 2 Sem Research Methodology (Bangalore University) (1)

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Research Methodology

MODULE- 1



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What is Business Research?

A systematic Inquiry whose objective is toprovide information to solve managerialproblems.

Research refers to the systematic methodconsisting of enunciating the problem,formulating the hypothesis, collecting the

facts or data, analyzing the facts andreaching certain conclusions either in theform of solution towards the concernedproblem.



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Why Study Research?

Research provides you with the knowledge

and skills needed for the fast-paced decision-

making environment



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Different Approaches To Research

Approaches

Scientific Method Non-Scientific Method



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Scientific Method

³This is a systematic rational approach seeking

facts. It is objective, Precise and arrives at

conclusions on the basis of verifiable

evidence´.

Basis for Scientific Method :-

Reliance on empirical study

Use of relevant Concepts

Commitment to objectivity

Verifiability





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Characteristics of Research

Research is a systematic and critical investigation

into a phenomenon

It is not a mere complication, but a purposiveinvestigation; it aims at describing, interpreting

and explaining a phenomenon

It adopts scientific method

It is based upon observable experience and

experiential evidence



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CO NTD:-

Research is directed towards finding answers to

pertinent questions and solutions to problems

It emphasizes the development of

generalizations, principles and theories

It is objective and logical, applying tests to

validate the measuring tools and the conclusionis reached.



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Objectives of Research

Finds answers for questions like what, where,

when, why etc of various phenomena.

Verifies and tests existing facts and theory which

helps in improving knowledge and handling

situations.

Make reliable predictions and of events yet tohappen



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CO NTD:-

Brings out factual data on prevailing

situations and problems for drawing up plansand schemes on a realistic basis

Helps in rational decision making and

improvement in the performance



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Types of Research

Research

According to purpose According to Methods of Study

Pure Research

Applied Research

Exploratory Research

Descriptive Study

Diagnostic Study

Evaluation Study

Action Research

Experimental Research

Analytical Study

Historical Research

Survey Case study



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Types of Research (Based on Purpose)

Pure Research - It is undertaken for the sake of knowledge

without any intentions to apply it in practice. It is also

known as basic or fundamental research.

E.g. Newton's Contribution

Applied Research ± Carried out to find solution to a real life

problem requiring an action. It is problem oriented and

action directed.

E.g. marketing research carried on for developing a new

market.

Exploratory Research ± is preliminary study of an

unfamiliar problem about which the researcher has little or

no knowledge.



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CO NTD:-

E.g. Doctor's initial investigation of a patient suffering from

an unfamiliar malady for getting some clues for identifying

it. It usually takes the form of a ³ pilot study ´.

Descriptive Study ± It is a fact finding investigation with

adequate interpretation ( more specific than exploratory

study), as it focus on particular aspects or dimensions of

problem studied. It identifies relevant variables but does

not aim at testing hypothesis.



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CO NTD:-

Diagnostic Study ± Similar to descriptive study, but with a

different focus. It aims at identifying the causes of a

problem and the possible solutions for it.

E.g. Are persons hailing from rural areas more suitable for manning the rural branches of banks ?

Evaluation Study ± Is one type of applied research. It is

determination of results attained by some activity designed

to accomplish some valued goal or objective.

E.g. Irrigation Projects



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CO NTD :-

Action Research ± It is concurrent evaluation study of an

action program launched for solving a problem/for

improving an existing situation. In the quest for

development & advancement.

E.g. Social welfare program, HRD Program, managerial

improvement program.



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Types of Research (Based on Methods)

Experimental Research ± is designed to assess the effects

of particular variables on a phenomenon by keeping the

other variables constant or controlled. It aims at determining

whether & in what manner variables are related to each

other.

Dependent variable - The factor, which is influenced, by

other factors.

Independent variable - The other factors , which influence

itself.E.g. Agricultural productivity :- Crop yield per hectare is a

dependent variable and the factors such as soil fertility,

irrigation, Quality of seeds which influence the yield are

independent variable.



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CO NTD:-

Analytical study or Statistical Method ± it is a system of

procedures and techniques of analysis applied to

quantitative data.

Historical Research ± It is a study of past records and other

information sources with the view to reconstructing the

origin and development of an institution or movement or

system and discovering the trends in the past. It is

descriptive in nature.

E.g. Analysis of consumer purchase Behavior in urban and

rural markets.



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CO NTD:-

Survey ± It is a fact finding study. It¶s a method of research

involving the collection of data directly from a population or

a sample, thereof at particular time.

E.g. Opinions and attitudes of respondent deal with various

issues.

Case Study- It is an in-depth comprehensive study of a

person, social group, episode, a situation, program, a

community, an institution, or any other social unit. Itspurpose may be to understand the life-cycle of the unit

under study or interaction between the factors that explain

the present status or the development over a period of time,

e.g., a study of urban poor.



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What is Good Research?

Following the standards of the scientific

method

Purpose clearly defined

Research process detailed

Research design thoroughly planned

Limitations frankly revealed

High ethical standards applied



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The Manager-Researcher

Relationship

Manager¶s obligations

Specify problems

Provide adequate background information

Access to company information gatekeepers

Researcher¶s obligations

Develop a creative research design

Provide answers to important business questions



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Manager-Researcher Conflicts

Management¶s limited exposure to research

Manager sees researcher as threat to

personal status

Researcher has to consider corporate culture

and political situations

Researcher¶s isolation from managers



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When Research Should be

Avoided

When information cannot be applied to a

critical managerial decision

When managerial decision involves little risk

When management has insufficient resources

to conduct a study

When the cost of the study outweighs thelevel of risk of the decision

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Mba 2 Sem Research Methodology (Bangalore University) (1)