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Matjaž GamsMatjaž Gams
Jozef Stefan Jozef Stefan Institute, Institute,
SloveniaSlovenia
Intelligent systemsIntelligent systems
Intelligence?Intelligence?
MPS, 28.10.2009MPS, 28.10.2009 11
I. DEFINITIONS: Intelligent systems (scientific)
Intelligent system is a system that learns during its existence.
It senses its environment and learns, for each situation, which action permits it to reach its objectives.
It continually acts, mentally and externally, and by acting reaches its objectives.
To reach its objective it has to select its response. A simple way to select a response is to select one that was favorable in a similar previous situation.
Engineering definition: more advanced than current ones.
Properties / Learning
LearningFlexibilityAdaptationExplanationDiscovery
(engineering – mouse?)
04/21/23
Definition AI - Wikipedia The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer
science which aims to create it.
Major AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents."
John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.“ (Turing first?)
The field was founded on the claim that intelligence can be simulated by a machine.
Artificial intelligence has been the subject of breathtaking optimism, has suffered stunning setbacks and is today an essential part of the technology industry, computer science and IS.
04/21/23
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Russell and Norvig ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
A Modern Approach
04/21/23
Approaches to AI Cybernetics and brain simulation Traditional symbolic AI Sub-symbolic AI Intelligent agent paradigm Integrating the approaches
Kismetsocialrobot
04/21/23
AI performance optimal: it is not possible to perform better strong super-human: performs better than all
humans super-human: performs better than most
humans sub-human: performs worse than most humans For example, performance at checkers is
optimal, performance at chess is super-human and nearing strong super-human, and performance at many everyday tasks performed by humans is sub-human.
II. INTELLIGENCE, SCIENCE, REAL II. INTELLIGENCE, SCIENCE, REAL LIFE, BUSINESSLIFE, BUSINESS
Intelligence Intelligence = better p= better performance, better erformance, better prediction of futureprediction of future, , ((5 mil. y. 5 mil. y. cave man, 25% cave man, 25% energyenergy, improved performance - sex?, , improved performance - sex?, Evolution!! Now – low intelligence related to Evolution!! Now – low intelligence related to crime, unemployment ...crime, unemployment ...))
Intelligence – evolutionary, one person, society, Intelligence – evolutionary, one person, society, types of intelligence, knowledge, … types of intelligence, knowledge, … Turing test: TT, TTT, TTTT ...Turing test: TT, TTT, TTTT ...
Imagination is more important than knowledge...Imagination is more important than knowledge...
((Albert Einstein))Interaction is more important than algorithms (Wegner, Interaction is more important than algorithms (Wegner, Gams)Gams)
MPS, MPS, 1515..77.20.201010 88
The world is not as it The world is not as it seemsseems
http://dis.ijs.si/mezi/pedagosko/matrix1.avi
(+income, knowledge, health, live longer (+income, knowledge, health, live longer …) …)
Cypher: Why oh why didn't I take the Cypher: Why oh why didn't I take the blue pill?blue pill? http://dis.ijs.si/mezi/pedagosko/
matrix2.avi (-less children(-less children, less sex, less sex …) …)
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Is the internet changing the way our Is the internet changing the way our brains work? Yes!brains work? Yes! (taxi driver) (taxi driver)
Do we use tools such as Web to Do we use tools such as Web to increase our capabilities?increase our capabilities?Yes! Human + Web > HumanYes! Human + Web > HumanFaster progress of mental capabilities!Faster progress of mental capabilities!
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Science is truthScience is truth
- half empty glass - half empty glass - w. earn less- w. earn less, w. less intelligent, b. , w. less intelligent, b. less intelligent, less intelligent, underdevelopedunderdeveloped exploit rich, more/less intelligent exploit rich, more/less intelligent generations (formal or real-life tests)generations (formal or real-life tests)- religious better mental health, - religious better mental health, creationism vs. evolution creationism vs. evolution - provocative, debatable, fierce - provocative, debatable, fierce oppositionopposition- religion, politics, ideology- religion, politics, ideology- mass media - mass media (Finance)(Finance)
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rr
MPS, 28.10.2009MPS, 28.10.2009 1212
Socio-economic status; better intellience helps
Can we predict future? Can we predict future? An exampe of oil: An exampe of oil:
- pessimistic- pessimistic- optimistic- optimistic- not possible to predict short-term prices- not possible to predict short-term prices
US oil production US oil production
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Can we predict future? Can we predict future? An exampe of oil: An exampe of oil: - we can predict general trends!- we can predict general trends!(several years ahead of ...)(several years ahead of ...)The end of cheap oil – on general it will be more The end of cheap oil – on general it will be more expensiveexpensiveThere will be ups and downs There will be ups and downs In one or several decades max production In one or several decades max production - Interpretation-prediction: - Interpretation-prediction: Peak oil is Peak oil is one of one of the the real causereal causess of our credit crisis, our banking crisis, of our credit crisis, our banking crisis, our stock market declines and ultimately our our stock market declines and ultimately our ecoeconomic problems nomic problems (or is it neoliberalism and lack of governmental (or is it neoliberalism and lack of governmental control)control)
- What do you conclude about future progress - What do you conclude about future progress from these assertions? from these assertions?
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Can we predict future? Can we predict future? Demography: Demography:
- we can predict general - we can predict general demography very well demography very well(it is easy in scientific terms)(it is easy in scientific terms)(several years ahead of ...)(several years ahead of ...)
S sedanjih 6.5 milijarde bo število ljudi naraslo na 9-S sedanjih 6.5 milijarde bo število ljudi naraslo na 9-10 milijard v letu 2050. 10 milijard v letu 2050. Po celinah bo stanje leta 2050 glede na 1900 naslednje: Afrika (133 milijonov, 1.9 milijarde)Azija (946 mio, 5.2 mil), Evropa (408 mio, 664 mio), Severna Amerika (82 mio, 455 mio). Leta 2050 na 1 Rusa 4 Američani in 20 Indijcev. Slovenci s sedanjih 1:4000 na 1:8000 do leta 2050. V do leta 2050. V 50 letih 2x manj.50 letih 2x manj.- What can you conclude from this?- What can you conclude from this?
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Slovenija, 2008Slovenija, 2008
Vir: Eurostat, 2008; prikaz: Jože Sambt
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Prebivalstvo (v tisočih)
Starost
Moški
Slovenija, 2028Slovenija, 2028
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StarostM
oški
Vir: Eurostat, 2008; prikaz: Jože Sambt
21.04.2321.04.23
Projekcija Slovencev Projekcija Slovencev
Projekcije gibanja Slovencev po narodnosti od 2005-2100
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Slovenci - optimistična
Slovenci - pesimistična
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8000001000000
1200000
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2005
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Slovenci -optimistična
Slovenci -pesimistična
Vrnitev na današnje število prebivalcev čez 100 let z
linearnim zviševanjem rodnosti (8;13) – prikaz dolgoročnosti in
zamika
Can we predict Can we predict future? future?
- What can you conclude - What can you conclude from this?from this?- Does science help us - Does science help us and how?and how?Does intelligence help Does intelligence help us and how?us and how?
Rather bleak Rather bleak predictions?predictions?Physical or mental?Physical or mental?
MPS, 28.10.2009MPS, 28.10.2009 2020
Projekcije gibanja Slovencev po narodnosti od 2005-2100
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Leto
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Slovenci - optimistična
Slovenci - pesimistična
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Ženske
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Prebivalstvo (v tisočih)
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Fantastic progress of Fantastic progress of knowledge!knowledge!
Intelligence is strongly related to Intelligence is strongly related to success success
ScienceScience = truth = truth!!- half empty glass - half empty glass - avoid non-science by all means, - avoid non-science by all means, be careful of interpretations be careful of interpretations
YYou are at ou are at an advancedan advanced level level and and you will boldly go further you will boldly go further
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