Maths exercise SPM

8/22/2019 Maths exercise SPM

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MODUL KERTAS 1 & 2

MODUL 1


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4551/1 LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 20092

1 Diagram 1 shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is thetissue found?

Diagram 1

A Heart C BicepsB Pancreas D Small intestine

2 The plasma membrane consists of molecules arranged in a double layer asshown in Diagram 2

Diagram 2

The part labelled I and II areA hydrophobic and hydrophilic respectively

B hydrophilic and hydrophobic respectivelyC both hydrophobicD both hydrophilic

3. Diagram 3 shows the net flow of water molecules from a dilute solutionto a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.

Diagram 3

What is this process called?A OsmosisB Active transport

C Simple diffusionD Facilitated diffusion


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4 Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of potato strips immersed indifferent concentrations of sucrose solution.

Diagram 4

Based on the graph, which of the following concentrations of sucrose solution shouldbe used so that a flaccid potato strip regains its turgidity?

A 1.5 g per 100 mlB 2.5 g per 100 mlC 3.5 g per 100 mlD 4.5 g per 100 ml

5. Lipid is needed to build substance X while cellulose is needed to build substance Y.What are substances X and Y?

Substance X Substance Y

A Protoplasm Cell wall

B Plasma membrane Cell wall

C Cell wall Protoplasm

D Cell wall Plasma membrane

6 . Haemoglobin is an example of aA. primary structure of proteinB. secondary structure of proteinC. tertiary structure of proteinD. quarternary structure of protein


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7 Which of the following graph shows the effect of pH on the metabolic rate of theenzyme pepsin?

8 Diagram 5 shows the phases in a cell cycle.

Diagram 5

Y

hase

X phase

Rate ofreaction Rate of

reaction

Rate of

reaction Rate of

reaction

X hase


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Which of the following represents V ?

A mitosis C stage SB cytokinesis D stage G1

9 Diagram 6 shows a phase in mitosis of a plant cell.

Diagram 6

Which of the following is true about the cell in Diagram 6 ?

Stage of mitosis Number of chromosomes in themother cell

A Anaphase 4

B Telophase 4

C Anaphase 8

D Telophase 8

10. Crossing over is an important process in meiosis. It results in variations in the daughtercells. At which stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?

A Prophase IB Prophase IIC Metaphase IID Anaphase I

11 Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause the disease

A scurvy.B beri-beri.C rickets.D pellagra.


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12 Diagram 7 shows the molecular structure of three food classes

Diagram 7

Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to ?

X Y Z

A CarbohydrateB ProteinC ProteinD Lipid

ProteinLipid

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

LipidCarbohydrate

LipidProtein

13 Diagram 8 shows part of the human alimentary canal.

Diagram 8

A person who has structure P removed must regulate his dietary intake of

A. fats C proteinB. carbohydrate D. water

14 In the absence of oxygen the skeletal muscles contract using energy from thebreakdown of glucose and glycogen toA ethanol and waterB energy and waterC ethanol and lactic acidD lactic acid and energy


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15 Which of the following is not involved in the transportation of carbon dioxide by theblood.A Carbonic acidB CarbaminohaemoglobinC Hydrogen carbonate ionD Carbon monoxide

16 Table shows the biomass of a few types of organisms in a community.

Organism Total Biomass of all theorganisms at each

trophic level(kg)

P 1200

Q 30

R 150

S 670

T 100U 2700

Which of the following is a possible food chain in this community?

A P U S T C P S T QB Q R S P D U S P Q

17 Which of the following organisms is a parasite ?

A C

B D


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18 Diagram 9 is a graph which shows changes in the population of two species ofbeetles, T and U, over a period of time. Both species feed on the same food source.

Diagram 9

What is the interrelationship between species T and U?

A Symbiosis C ParasitismB Predation D Competition

19 Diagram 10 shows a cross section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a fewmain tissues.

Diagram 10

What is Y ?A Phloem B XylemC Cortex D Cambium

20 Diagram 11 shows some human bones .

Diagram 11

Population

T U


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Which bones are part of the axial skeleton ?A P and SB Q and RC P , Q and RD Q , R and S

21 Diagram 12 below shows a motor neuron.

Diagram 12

Which one of the following A, B, C or D in the table below names the labelled partscorrectly?

1 2

ABCD

Cell bodyAxonDendriteSynapse

AxonDendriteMyelin sheathDendrite

22 Diagram 13 shows a plant with soft stem .

Which of the following support structures helps the plant climb to obtain sunlight ?

Diagram 13

A Clasping roots B Twining stemsC Tendrils D Thorns.


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23 Diagram 14 shows a nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Which structure is theefferent neurone?

Diagram 14

24 Some cucumber slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 3 hours, theslices are found to be turgid and hard.Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?

A The cucumber cell wall prevents it from shrinkingB The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solutionC The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to

diffuse into the cellD The cucumber cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the

cell

25 Diagram 15 shows the four-chambered stomach of a ruminant.

Diagram 15

Which of the following is not a correct match about each chamber and its function?

A. S- Rumen, mutualistic bacteria digest cellulose.B. V- Reticulum, the partially digested food is formed into balls and regurgitated into the

mouth for chewingC. U- Omasum, the regurgitated food in the mouth is passed into the omasumD. T- Duodenum, the digested products are absorbed.


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26 What substances are dissolved in the fuid which passes along the ureter to thebladder of a healthy person?

Glucose Protein Salts UreaA. Absent Absent Absent PresentB. Absent Absent Present PresentC. Present Absent Present PresentD. Present Present Absent Absent

27 Diagram 16 shows the female reproductive system. In which parts are the eggs and

the zygote formed?

Diagram 16

Eggs Zygote

A

B

C

D

1

1

2

2

2

3

1

3

28 Diagram 17 shows sex determination in human.

Ovary cell Testis cell

Gametes

Diagram 17

1

2

P Q

R


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If a couple have a son, what is the cell composition in P, Q and R?

P Q RA 44 + X 44 + Y 44 + XYB 22 + Y 22 + X 44 + XYC 22 + X 22 + X 44 + XXD 22 + X 22 + Y 44 + XY

29 Which of these genetically inherited disease is dangerous and can cause deathat a young age?

A. AlbinoB. HaemophiliaC. Short-sightednessD. Down syndrome

30 Table 1 shows a Punnet square which represents the gametes and progeny

from a dihybrid cross. Alphabets a to p represent the daughter cells from thiscross.

male gamete

female gamete

HK Hk hK hk

HK a b c d

Hk e f g h

hK I j k l

hk m n o p

Table 1

Which of the following daughter cells have the same genotype as the parent ?

A a, f, k, p C d, g, j, mB b, c, e, I D e, f, h, l

31 Diagram 18 shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule.Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?

Diagram 18


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32 Contraceptive pills contain a combination ofA. estrogen and luteinising hormone.B. progesterone and prolactinC. estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone

D. progesterone and estrogen.

33. Which of the following shows the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis Meiosis

I Involves one stage of cell division Involves two stages of cell division

II Produces two diploid daughter cells Produces four haploid daughtercells

III Synapsis and crossing over takes

place between homologouschromosomes

Synapsis and crossing over does

not take place

IV Chromosomes are not in pairs Homologous chromosomes are inpairs at prophase I

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC I, II and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV

34 Diagram 19 is a graph which represents a type of variation found in students.

Diagram 19This variation may be

I height II weightIII type of ear lobe IV dimple

A I and II only C III and IV onlyB I and III only D I, II, III and IV

Variation

Number of

individuals


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35 Which of the following is not a cause of variation?

A. Radiation B. Gene mutationC. Asexual reproduction D. Meiosis

36 Diagram 20 shows the structure of a villus in the ileum

Diagram 20

Which vessels P, Q, R, and S carry the largest amounts of glucose, amino acids, lipiddroplets or fat-soluble vitamins?

Glucose Aminoacids

Lipiddroplets

Fat solublevitamins

A P Q R S

B Q P R S

C R R S S

D S S R R

37 Diagram 21 shows a plastic quadrat used to determine the percentage coverage ofbread mould on a piece of bread. The shaded area shows the presence of mould.

Diagram 21

Based on the result obtained in Diagram 21, calculate the percentage coverage ofthe bread mould , taking the area of each small square to be 1 cm

A 32 % C 56%B 40% D 80%


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38 Diagram 22 below shows equipment that can cause the thinning of the ozone layer.

Diagram 22

How can this problem be solved?

I Stop using chlorofluorocarbonII Replace CFCs with HCFCsIII Patching holes in the ozone layerIV Produce less electrical goods

A I and IIB II and IVC I, II and IIID I, II, III and IV

39 The following statement is about eutrophication.

What is the correct sequence of the eutrophication process ?

A O, L, M and N C L, M, O and NB L, N, M and O D O, M, L and N

L : Excess fertilisers from agriculture lands flow into lakesM : Bacteria grow rapidlyN : Algae grow rapidly and covers the surface of the lakeO : The value of BOD increase


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40. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in aday.The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. Diagram 23 is a graphwhich shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours .Which of the curves A,B,Cor D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours ?

Diagram 23

41 Diagram 24 shows a human arm .

Diagram 24

If tendon X was torn off,what happens to the arm ?A The elbow joint loosens upB The fingers cannot gripC The arm connot be bentD The lower arm cannot twist.


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42 Diagram 25 is a graph which shows the changes in the glucose concentration in theblood of a person over a period of two hours.

Diagram 25

Which of the following best explains the shape of the graph after X?A. The person has eaten a meal that is high in sugar .B. The person has had an insulin injection.C. The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.D. The person starts some vigorous physical exercise.

43 Which characteristics of the glomerulus enhances the efficiency of ultrafiltration ?I. The diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole.II. The afferent arteriole divides further into a dense network of capillaries.

III. The high hydrostatic pressure of the blood entering the glomerulus.IV. The Bowmans capsule is made up of only two layers of cells.

A. I, II and III onlyB. I, II and IV onlyC. II, III and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV

44 A womans menstrual period started on 23rd

March. In which week was an egg mostlikely to have been released?

Week March

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

A - - - 1 2 3 4

B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

C 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

D 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31


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45 What is true about the importance of secondary growth in plants?I. It increases the diameters of the plant stems and roots for mechanical support.II. It allows plants to increase in length to achieve maximum height.III. It produces new phloem and xylem tissues to replace the old and damaged ones.IV. It produces a thick bark which reduces the evaporation of water from the surface

of the stem.

A. I, II and III only B. I, III and IV onlyC II, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV.

46 A woman with blood group A claims that a man with blood group AB is thefather of her baby. The babys blood is tested. Which of the following could be thebabys blood group?

I Group A

II Group BIII Group OIV Group AB

A I and II onlyB I and IV onlyC I, II and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV

47 Which of the following shows the difference between continuous variation anddiscontinuous variation?

Continuous Variation Discontinuous Variation

A Controlled by dominant genes. Controlled by recessive genes.B Caused by mutation. Not caused by mutation.C Occurs in animals. Occurs in plants.D Can be measured. Cannot be measured.

48 The Hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown on acidic soil, and redflowers when grown on alkaline soil. What conclusion can be made from thisobservation?

A. The colour of the Hydrangea flower is a continuous variationB. The environment affects the colour of the flowersC. The pH of the soil causes mutationD. The colour of the flower is affected by the genetic factor only


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49 I - Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.II - Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite polesIII Sister chromatids separate and move to different polesIV Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

I, II, III and IV shows the processes which occur in meiosis. Among the followingevents, which occur in anaphase I ?.

A I onlyB II onlyC III and IV onlyD II and IV only

50 Diagram 26 shows an organ system.

Diagram 26

What are the functions of the organ system shown above?I To transport oxygen to the body cellsII To defend the body against diseasesIII To remove metabolic wastesIV To help regulate the volume and composition of blood

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and IV onlyD III and IV only

END OF QUESTION PAPERK E R T A S S O A L A N T A M A T


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4551/2 - 2 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Section A[ 60 marks ]

Answerall questions from this section.

1. Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation andspecialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.Rajah 1 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalami

pembezaan dan pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalamsatutumbuhan hijau.

Cell Specialisation

DIAGRAM 1

(a) Name tissue K and tissue L.Namakan tisu K dan L

K :

L:

[2 marks]

Cells J

Sel-selJ

Cross-sectionof a leafKeratanrentas sehelai

daun

K

L

XylemtissueTisuxilem

M


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daun

K : .

M: ...

[2 marks]

(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.

[2 marks]

(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin.Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin.

Terangkan kesannya keatas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.

[2 marks]

(d) Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.Berdasarkan rajah 1, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.

[2 marks]

(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhanTerangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya

[2 marks]

TOTA


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.

Diagram 2.1

(a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1..

U:[1 mark]

(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe whathappens at sub phases X, Y and Z.

X:

Y:

Z: [3 marks]

(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

Diagram 2.2

Mitotic cell

division Phase U


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell producedat the end of sub-phase Q.

[2 marks]

( d ) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.

[2 marks]

(e)(i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercialproduction. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the methodnamed can increase the crop yield.

[3 marks]

(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..

[1 mark]

TOTA


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

3. Diagram 3 shows part of a nitrogen cycle.Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen.

DIAGRAM 4

DIAGRAM 3

a) Name P, Q and RNamakan P, Q dan R.

P: .........................................................................................................................

Q: ........................................................................................................................

R: .........................................................................................................................

[3marks]

Nitrogen in the atmosphere

Nitrogen dalam atmosfera

Nitrogen fixation by

microorganisms in plant P

Pengikatan nitrogen oleh

mikroorganisma dalam

tumbuhan P

Nitrogenous

compounds in plants

Sebatian nitrogen

dalam tumbuhan

Nitrogenous compounds

in animals

Sebatian nitrogen dalam

haiwan

Organism R

Or anisma R

Process Y

Proses Y

Substance Q

Bahan Q

Ammonium compounds

Sebatian ammonium

Nitrites

Nitrit


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(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plantP.Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalamtumbuhan P.

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which isalso able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q.Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satufenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepadabahan Q.

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y.Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y.

(i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y.Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y.

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i)Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i)

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks]

(d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants.

Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadappertumbuhan tumbuhan.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks]

TOTA


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4 Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The level of antibodiesin the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.

DIAGRAM 4.1

DIAGRAM 5.2

DIAGRAM 4.2

(a) What is the substance injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q ?

P :

Q :

1s

injection 2nd

injection

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Concentration

ofantibodiesin

the

blood

(arbitraryunit)

Immunity level

Increaseimmediately

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1s

vaccination 2nd

vaccination Time (weeks)

Immunity level

Co

ncentration

ofantibodiesin

the

blo

od

(arbitraryunit)

Booster dose (2nd)stimulates a faster and

larger lasting

response.

Individual P

1st

Injection 2nd Injection

Time (weeks)

Individual Q


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[ 2 marks ]

(b) State the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q.

P : ..

Q : ..

[ 2 marks ]

(c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy.

...

[ 4 marks ]

(d) Table 4.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born Malaysian until the

age of two.

Age Types of Immunity

New born

Tuberculosis (B.C.G)

Hepatitis B ( First dose )

1 month Hepatitis B ( Second dose )

3 month

Triple Antigen

Polio ( First dose )

5 month

Triple Antigen

Polio ( Second dose )

Hepatitis B ( Third dose )

9 24 month Germans measles

1 - 2 year

Triple Antigen

Polio ( Third dose )

TABLE 4.1

A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious

and he was hospitalised.


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4551/2 - 10 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM

2009

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(d) (i) Based on Table 4.1, state the type of pathogen which cause the diseases.

...................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why there is a need for second and third doses for the immunisation.

[ 3 marks ]

TOTAL


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5. Figure 5 shows various types of fingerprints.Rajah 5 menunjukkan bebrapa jenis cap jari

Composite Whorl Curves LoopsKomposit Pusar Lengkung Gelung

FIGURE 5

(a) (i) Based on Figure 5, name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y below.Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis cap jari bagi pelajar X dan Y di bawah.

Student X Student Y

Type of fingerprint: Type of fingerprint:Jenis cap ibu jari: Jenis cap ibu jari:

.[2 marks]

(ii) State one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y.Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.

.... ..[1 mark]

(iii) State how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation.Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.

[1 mark]


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(b) (i) What is the type of variation shown in Figure 5?Apakah jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5?

[1 mark]

(ii) State two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation asin (b)(i).Nyatakan dua trait selain cap jari yang menunjukkan variasi yang sama seperti(b)(i).

Trait 1 :

Trait 2 : [2 marks]

(c) Height is a type of variation.Explain the differences between the type of variation shown by fingerprints andheight.

Trait ketinggian merupakan sejenis variasiHuraikan perbezaan antara variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh trait jenis cap jari dengantrait ketinggian pelajar.

[2 marks](d) Explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species.

Terangkan bagaimana variasi boleh menjamin kemandirian suatu spesies

[3 marks]

TOTAL


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

SECTION B

[ 40 marks ]

Answertwo questions from this section.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur respirasi satu serangga

DIAGRAM 6.1

(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.

Terangkan pertukaran gas antara trakeol dan sel-sel badan[4 marks]

(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change inthe environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.

Kitin adalah polisakarida yang terdapat pada permukaan struktur P. Disebabkanperubahan dalam persekitaran, serangga tidak dapat menghasilkan polisakarida.Terangkan bagaimana ketiadaan kitin memberi kesan keatas proses tarikan nafas

dan penghasilan tenaga . [6 marks]

PTracheolTrakeol

Body cellsSel-selBadan


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorousexercise of an athlete.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepassatu latihan intensif seorang atlit.

Time (min)

DIAGRAM 6.2

(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorousexercise.

Berdasarkan graf diatas, bezakan proses respirasi sebelum dan semasa

latihan tersebut. [4 marks]

(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25thminute.

Terangkan bagaiman pengambilan oksigen oleh atlit tersebut kembali ke asalselepas minit ke 25

[6 marks]

Vigorous exercise

Oxygen intake(litre/minute)


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(7) (a) Figure 7 shows development of the follicle in the female ovary, thickeningof uterine endometrium and the hormones involved.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan perkembangan folokel dalam ovari seorang perempuan,penebalan endometrium uterus dan hormonphormon yang terlbat.

FIGURE 7

Explain the relationship between development of the follicle , changing of therespective hormonal level in the blood and the thickening of the uterineendometrium in a female.

Terangkan hubungan antara perkembangan folikel, perubahan aras hormon-

hormon masing-masing dalam darah dan penebalan endometrium uterus padaseorang perempuan.

(10marks)

Time (Day)

Estrogen


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) Graph 7(a) and 7(b) show the growth curve of human and insect.Based on the graph , compare the growth process in human and insect.

Graf 7 (a) dan 7 (b) menunjkkan lengkuk pertumbuhan manusia dan seranggaBerdasarkan graf, bandingkan proses pertumbuhan pada manusia dan serangga.

(10marks)

GRAPH 7(a) : Growth curve for human

GRAPH 7(b) : Growth curve for insect

Height cm

Time (year)

Length(cm)

Time(day)


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

8 (a) Diagram 8 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad andPuan Amalina and their children.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri EncikAhmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.

ParentsIbu bapa

0ffspringAnak

blood group 0 blood group 0 blood group 0 blood group ABkumpulan darah O kumpulan darah O kumpulan darah O kumpulann darah AB

Diagram 8

Diagram 8 shows the variation of blood groups in En Ahmads family. Explain whythere is a variation in blood groups of the offspring.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan variasi kumpulan darah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkanmengapa adanya variasi dalam kumpulan darah anak-anaknya.

[ 10 marks]

(b) Genetic engineering is widely used in the field of agriculture and medicine.Justify the impact of genetic engineering on humans and the environment.

Kejuruteraan genetik digunakan secara meluas dalam bidang pertanian danperubatan.Beri wajaran tentang impak kejuruteraan genetik terhadap manusia dan

persekitaran.

[ 10 marks]

E En Ahmad

Blood group A

Kumpulan darah A

EPn Amalina

Blood group B

Kumpulan darah B


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PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Biodiversity is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms living on Earth.These organisms live in different ecosystems and are important to our lives.Biodiversiti ialah kepelbagaian jenis tumbuhan, haiwan dan Mikroorganisma yanghidup di bumi. Organisma ini hidup dalam berbagai ekosistem dan penting kepadakehidupan kita.

9.(a)(i) Based on the statement discuss the importance of biodiversity.

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas bincangkan kepentingan biodiversiti.[4 marks]

(ii) Diagram 9 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia.Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu ekosistem di Malaysia

Diagram 9

Discuss the importance of the ecosystem shown in Diagram 8 to the environmentand economy of our country.Bincangkan kepentingan ekosistem di Rajah 8 kepada persekitaran dan ekonomi

negara kita.[6 marks]

(b)

Biotechnology is the application of organisms or microorganisms or their biologicalprocesses in the production of materials for use in medicine and industry.

Biotechnology ialah aplikasi organisma atau microorganism atau proses biologidalam penghasilan bahan-bahan untuk kegunaan bidang perubatan danperindustrian.

Discuss the uses of microorganisms inBincangkan pengunaan microorganisma dalam

(i) the waste treatment process.proses rawatan kumbahan.

(ii) food processingpemprosesan makanan

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER


37/175

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

JAWAPAN - BIOLOGY PAPER 1

1. A 11. C 21. C 31. C 41. C

2. B 12. C 22. C 32. D 42. A

3. A 13. A 23. C 33. D 43. A

4. A 14. D 24. C 34. C 44. B

5. B 15. D 25. D 35. C 45. B

6. D 16. C 26. B 36. C 46. C

7. C 17. B 27. C 37. C 47. D

8. B 18. D 28. D 38. C 48. B

9. A 19. A 29. B 39. B 49. B

10. A 20. C 30. C 40. D 50. D


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PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2

2

MARKING SCHEME - BIOLOGY PAPER 2

QUESTION 1

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to name tissue K and tissue L.Answer: K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue) L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue)

11 2

(b) Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Sample answer: K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate. M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange

// Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma.

11

2

(c) (i) Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved, to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves). The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2)

111 2

(ii) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plantunable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf. Less sunlight received / absorbed. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced

Or (Any 2) Xylem vessels collapsed. Less water supplied to leaves. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced

(Any 2)

111

111 2

(d) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.Sample answer: Cells grow, change shape / differentiate. To carry out / perform specific function.

11 2

(e) Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enable

the leaf to carry out its function.Sample answer: Upright and closely packed. Contains large number of chloroplast. All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight.

// Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy.

111

2

TOTAL 12


39/175


3

QUESTION 2

No Criteria Marks

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)(i)

(e)(ii)

Able to name the phase U.Sample answer:U : Interphase

Able to describe the processes at sub phases X, Y and Z duringphase U

Sample answer :

X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formedY : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatidsformedZ : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare forcell division

Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria: No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes

Types of chromosomes/ non homologous

New genetic combination

Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer.Sample answer :

F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy raysE1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cellsE2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitotically

E3 : cell cycle stops

Able to name the method and explain the advantages of themethod in increasing crop yield.

Sample answer :T : Tissue culture / CloningE1 : Large numbers of clones can be producedE2 : Within a short period of time / any timeE3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases/ fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits

Able to state one problem :Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have theresistance to new diseases / pest.//No variation

1

11

1

111

Any 2

1111

Any1E = 1

1111

T=1mAny

2EMarks

Any 1

1

3

2

2

3

1

TOTAL 12


40/175


4

QUESTION 3

No Criteria Marks

3 a

b(i)

(ii)

c(i)

(ii)

d

Able to name P,Q and RSuggested answerP: leguminous plant / example of a leguminous plantQ: nitratesR: denitrifying bacteria

Able to state the name of the microorganismSuggested answerRhizobium sp /nitrogen fixing bacteria

Able to name the natural phenomenon that can convert atmospheric

nitrogen to substance QSuggested answerLightning

Able to suggest the type of the microorganism that is involved inprocess Y.Suggested answersaprophytic bacteria / fungi // putrefying bacteria / fungi

Able to explain the role of the microorganism in the nitrogen cycleSuggested answer

1. Saprophytic bacteria / fungi decompose protein in the dead

plants and animals / excretory products of animals2. to ammonium/ simpler nitrogenous compounds/ ammonia whichis eventually converted to nitrates.

3. This increases the nitrate / nitrogen content of the soil.

Able to explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects plant growth.Suggested answer1 Root hairs absorb less Q/nitrates/nitrogen// less Q/nitrates/nitrogen is available to be absorbed by plants.

2. Less chlorophyll / protein is synthesized.3 Rate of photosynthesis decreases.4 Plant growth is slow / retarded.

Any 3

111

1

1

1

1

1

1

1111

3

1

1

1

3

3

TOTAL 12


41/175


5

QUESTION 4

No Criteria Marks

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)(i)

(ii)

Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individualP and individual Q.Sample answer:P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccine

Q : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum

Able to explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P andindividual Q.Sample answer :P : Artificial active immunity

The body produces its own antibodies to fight againstinfections by pathogens.

Q : Artificial passive immunityThe body receives antibodies produced from outside sourcesto fight against infections by pathogens.

Able to describe how could save that boy.Sample answer :F1: Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our bodyF2: Injection of serum which contains instant antibodies /antiserum / anti-toxin must be given to the patient.F3: Antibody-antigen action occured very fastF4: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with toxin / snake venom/ antigenand neutralize it / he is saved.

Able to state the types of pathogen which cause the diseasesAnswer:Virus / bacteria

Able to explain why there is a need for second and third dosesfor the immunisationSample answer :

F1: Immunisation is given to prevent infection from pathogensthat caused diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Polio,diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. German measles ( state atleast 2 example )F2: New born are injected with vaccines to get Artificially ActiveImmunityF3: First dose are given to induce baby lymphocytes to produce

antibodies which are specific against the antigens / bacteria /virusF4: 2nd and 3rd dose are booster dose to increase the productionof antibodies at a faster rate.F5: Achieved immunity level // antibodies remained in the bloodfor a long time and provide permanent immunity / protect themfrom the next infection.

Any 3

1

1

1

1

11

11

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

4

3

TOTAL 12


42/175


6

QUESTION 5

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i)

( ii)

(iii)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(c)

(d)

Able to name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y

Answer:X - Loop ; Y- Composite

Able to state one factor that causes variation in the fingerprintsof students X and Y.Answer:

Genetic factor

Able to state how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variationAnswer:Genetic recombination during crossing overresults in the formation of different

Able to state the type of variationAnswer:Continuos variation

Able to state two traits, other than fingerprint, which show thesame type of variation as in (b)(i)Answer:

The ability to roll tongueTypes of hair

Able to explain the differences between the type of variationshown by fingerprints and height.Sample answer:

Height Types of fingerprint

- Shows normal distribution Shows discrete distribution

- Affected by environmental Not affected byFactors environmental factor

Able to explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species

Sample answer:

- Can differentiate from one individual to another / no one is thesame

- Able to adapt to a new environment- Able to camourflage to run away from any predators

2

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

2

3

TOTAL 12


43/175


7

SECTION B

QUESTION 6

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i) Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and bodycell.Sample answer: Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher

than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell . Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is

higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide intracheole .

Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell

1

1

1

1 4

(ii) Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process ofinhalation and energy production of the insect.

Sample answer: The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain

the air pressure During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea. The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst /

rupture. Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal. Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration The insect does not produce enough energy and respire

anaerobically. Less energy produced. (Any 6)

1

11

111

16

b (i) Able to compare and explain the respiration before and duringvigorous exercise.Sample answer:

Before (A) During (B) Explanation (E)1.

AerobicRespiration

AnaerobicRespiration

Before - oxygen intake islow/the same as oxygenrequired/enough oxygenis supplied to the cell

During oxygen requiredis more than oxygenintake

2.

Themuscles arein normalcondition

The musclesare in the stateof oxygen debt

Before oxygen issufficient

During oxygen isinsufficient / oxygensupplied is less thanoxygen supplied.

3.

Energyproduced is

Energyproduced is

Before complete breakdown of glucose (produce


44/175


8

more/38ATP

less / 2 ATP more energy) During incomplete break

down of glucose (produceless energy)

4

.

No/less

accumulation of lacticacid in themuscles

High

accumulationof lactic acid inthe muscles

Before complete break

down of glucose producecarbon dioxide and water

During Incompletebreakdown of glucoseproduce lactic acid

A + B = 1m

E=1m (Any one E)

8

(b) (ii) Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to thenormal level at the 25th minute.

Sample answer: Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose

1

1 2

TOTAL 20


45/175


9

QUESTION 7

No. Criteria Mark Remark

7(a) Able to explain the relationship between development ofthe follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level inthe blood and the thickening of the uterine

endometrium.

Suggested answer:

Day 0 7Follicle very small start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary the wall of follicle will produce estrogenFSH- pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will go

to the ovary

- FSH stimulate development of follicle

Endometrium- stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing

Day 8 14Follicle

- become larger, develop to form follicle GraafFSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone

- FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen atmaximum level

- LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I,

estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium- Progesterone level very low

Endometrium- endometrium become very thick (ready to

implantation (of embryo))-

Day 15 - 21Follicle

- Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II- The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum

secreted small amount of estrogen but largeamount of progesterone

FSH/ LH/ Estrogen/ Progesterone- Progesterone stimulated the thickening of

endometrium , halted the secretion of FSH/LH- Development of new follicle and ovulation stop.

Endometrium- more thicker and highly vascular- ready for implantation of embryo

111

11

1

1

11

1

1

11

1

1

Max 3marks for

each stage- 9 marks

At least theanswershows the

relationshipbetween 3parameteri.e follicle,hormone

andendometriu

m- 1 mark


46/175


10

Day 22 28Corpus luteum

- if no fertilisation, corpus luteum becomedisintegrate

FSH/ LH/ Estrogen / Progesterone

- FSH, LH and estrogen at minimum level;progesterone level also drop

Endometrium- endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate- blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus

discharge through vagina as menstrual flow.

1

1

1

1 Max 10

7(b) Able to compare the growth process in human andinsect.Suggested answers:

Similarities- height of man / length of instar increases by time- both show horizontal line / constant growth during

adult

Difference- Form of graph Sigmoid form for human and like

series of steps in insect- Age of organism the height measured yearly,

but in insect used day for measuring the length- Caused of different human have endoskeleton

but insect have exoskeleton

- Stages involve in human, the curve has threedifferent phases, but there are five steps in insect// nymphal stages

- Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human didnot shows different line (only the curve fromcontinuous points), but there are five differenthorizontal and vertical lines each

- Zero growth no point to show zero growth inhuman, but there are 5 time of zero growth (athorizontal line)

- Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human,but there are sudden growth in insect (at vertical

line)- Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysis

occurred in insect- Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis all

the time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred atcertain time (during ecdysis)

- Absorption of air : in human, there are noabsorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max 10marks

*2 marksfor

similarities,8 marks fordifferences

TOTAL 20


47/175


11

QUESTION 8

No Criteria Marks

8(a) Able to explain why there is a variation of blood groups in theoffspring

1. The ABO blood group in humans is controlled by three allelesIA, , IB and Io.

2 Alleles IA and IB are codominant but allele Io is recessive.3 Ahmad is heterozygous for blood group A // Genotype of

Ahmad is IA, IO,

4 Amalina is heterozygous for blood group B // Genotype ofAmalina is IB, IO

5 Ahmad produces two types of sperms, one containing allele IA

and the other containing allele IO .6 Amalina produces ovum containing allele IO or allele IB

7 When the sperm containing allele IO fertilizes with the ovumcontaining allele IO the offspring produced will have the

genotype I

O

I

O

8 and the phenotype is blood group O.9 Three of the children who have the blood group O are

produced this way and they have the genotype IOIO

10 When the sperm containing the IA allele fertilizes with theovum containing allele IB then the offspring produced willhave the genotype IA IB

11 and the phenotype is blood group AB.12 One of the children who have the blood group AB is produced

this way and has the genotype IA, IB.

Any 10 pointsGenetic diagram:

Parents Ahmad x AmalinaGenotype IA IO IB IO PT 3,4

PT 5., 6Gametes

Fertilisation

OffspringGenotype IAIB IOIO PT7.10Phenotype blood group AB blood group B Pt 8, 11(If answer using schematic diagram - only maximum 7 marks)

1

11

1

1

11

11

1

1

1 10

No Criteria Marks

IA

IO I

BIO


48/175


12

8b Able to explain the effect of genetic engineering on man and theenvironmentSuggested answerGood effectsAgricultureF1 Genetic engineering used to produce disease resistant/ pest resistant

plantse.g legumes, peas and beans

P : Less pesticides are used- less pollution to the environment- better health for consumers.

P : increase yield of crops- better livelihood for farmers.- help to solve problems of insufficient food.

F2 : create crops with better nutrition value e.g tomatoes with highervitamin A content

- help to solve problems of malnutrition.F3: create crops with longer shelf lives e.g tomato

- less food wastageF4 : genetically modified livestock e. g cows

- produce meat with less fat / more milk.

MedicineF5 : genetically modified bacteria produce insulinP ; for treatment of diabetis mellitusF6: Genetically modified yeast to produce vaccine for hepatitisP: for prevention of diseases.F7: Gene therapy for treatment of genetic disorders/ diseases e.gmuscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemiaP: Defective gene removed and normal gene inserted.

Any 2F and P for agriculture,any 1F and P for medicine Max : 6m

Bad effectF1 Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weedsP: may be difficult to control growth of weeds.F2: Some transgenic crops may have animal genesP : this may not be acceptable to certain groups for religious reasons.F3: Genetically modified foods may be harmful to healthP: may activate human genes to cause cancer.F4: Transgenic organisms may affect the survival of other organisms

in the ecosystem.P: may cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystemF5: Gene therapy used for the treatment of genetic disorder has itslimitations.P : may not be acceptable because of religious and moral values.

: very costlyAny 2F and P

Max 4m

6

410

TOTAL 20

QUESTION 9


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13

No Criteria Marks

9 (a)(i)

(ii)

Able to discuss the importance of Biodiversity

Suggested answer:

F- it provides humans with necessities of lifeP- is a resource for food/timber to build shelter/as a fuel/fibresfor clothing.F- many plant species are original sources of pharmaceuticaldrugs/medicines.P- new commodities, for example, new crop plants or medicinalmaterials could be developed using the gene pool from wildspecies in the forests.F- allow for biological control to maintain stable populationP- regulate climatic conditions, biogeochemical cycles, preventflooding

F- Natural ecosystems and species in the wild are beautifulP- there is much pleasure to be derived from unspoilt naturalenvironmentF- ecotourismP- could provide income for some countries

Any 4 points

Able to discuss the Importance of mangrove swamps.Sample answer:

- F: resource for timber used in building industry- P : has many varieties of species of mangrove trees

- F: Mangroves protect the coastlines and prevent- coastal erosion.- P: The roots of mangrove trees act as wave- breakers which stabilise the coastlines.- F:: Mangrove swamps are good breeding grounds- for fish and crustaceans/ prawns, crabs etc.- Important for fishermen- P: The calm water and prop roots shelter the- spawns from predators- F: Serve as habitat for many species of birds,- amphibians and reptiles.- P: The habitat provides food, shelter, living space,

- nesting and breeding sites for these animals.- F: Serve as natural barriers against torrential- storms and tsunamis- P: The trees block the water from flooding the

land during a storm.Any 6 ponts

Max 4

Max 6


50/175


14

(b)(i)

(ii)

Able to discuss the uses of microorganisms in ;

Waste treatment- rich in organic matters, bacteria and microorganisms- (in oxidation pond)the sewage is decomposed

by(millions) of aerobic bacteria(in the presence of

oxygen)- Decomposed sewage/sludge settled to the bottom of the

pond

- fermentation takes place at sedimentation tanks

- using anaerobic bacteria- produce methane/carbon dioxide/minerals- digested sludge use as fertilizers

Any 5 points

Food processing- F: Use of yeast in making of bread and cake- P: Fermentation by yeast produces carbon dioxide- which makes dough rise.- F: Beer brewed from barley/ wine from grape juice- P: Yeast fermentation of the sugar in barley/ grape- produces ethanol- F: Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by- bacteria / Lactobacillus sp. / Streptooccus- thermophillus- P: Bacteria converts sugar into lactic acid which

- coagulates the milk to / form yoghurt- F: Cheese made by adding bacteria and rennin to- milk.- P: Milk separates into curd and whey/ coagulates- F: Soya sauce made from fermentation of soya- bean by fungi- P: Yeast fermentation breaks down soya bean and- gives it flavour

Any 5 points

1

1

1

1

111

Max 5

Max 5

TOTAL 20


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MARKING SCHEME

PAPER 1

TRIAL KEDAH 2010

1. C 26. A

2. A 27. A

3. C 28. B

4. D 29. C

5. C 30. C

6. B 31. C

7. A 32. B

8. D 33. A

9. D 34. C10. B 35. D

11. C 36. A

12. D 37. A

13. D 38. A

14. D 39. D

15. B 40. A

16. D 41. A

17. C 42. C

18. A 43. B19. D 44. B

20. C 45. A

21. B 46. B

22. D 47 D

23. A 48. A

24. B 49. C

25. C 50. B

*k


104/175

2

BIOLOGY

SECTION A

PAPER 2 [4551/2]

No. Marking Criteria / Sample Answers Marks

1 (a) (i) Gills 1

(ii) Tracheal system 1

(b) P : Filaments

Q: Spiracles

1

1 2

(c) (R is ring of chitin which) support the tracheal / prevent the tracheal

from collapsing.

1

(d) Diagram 1.1(b):

P1: The filament have numerous thin-walled lamellae to maximise

the surface area for gaseous exchange.

P2: The gill filaments have thin membrane and covered by a net

work of capillaries to transport respiratory gases.

P3: The surface of the gills is moist which allows the gases to be

dissolved.

Any 1P 1

Diagram 1.2(b)

P1: The large number of tracheoles provides a large surface for the

diffusion of gases.P2: Tip of tracheoles have thin permeable walls and contain fluid in

which respiratory gases can dissolve.

P3:Terminal ends of the tracheol remains moist which allows the

gases to be dissolved.

Any 1P

1

(e) (i) P1:( The gaseous exchange process occurs over the whole body

surface in an Amoeba sp) through simple diffusion.

P2:Higher concentration of oxygen in the water surrounding causes

oxygen to diffuse into the Amoeba.

P3:Higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the cell causes carbondioxide to diffuse out of the Amoeba.

Any 2P

1

1

1

2

(ii) S: Contractile vacuole 1

(iii) P1: Freshwater is hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp .

P2: Water diffuses into the cell and fill the contractile vacuole by

osmosis

P3: When the contractile vacuole is filled with water to its maximum

size, it contracts to expel its content from time to time.

Any 2P

1

1

1

2

*k


105/175

3

No. Marking criteria/ Sample answers Mark

2 (a) (i) Osmosis 1

(ii) P1 : Sucrose solution is hypertonic / more concentrated.

P2 : Water diffuse from distilled water into the sucrose solutionP3 : The level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube stop rising

at the equilibrium stage / the concentration inside and outside

of the visking tubing is the same / the amount of water

diffuse into and out from the visking tubing is the same.

Any 2 Ps

1

11 2

(b) F- Sucrose molecules are too large

E- The visking tubing is a semi permeable membrane/

which only allows certain substances to pass through.

1

1 2

(c) (i) Y : crenation

Z : haemolysis

1

1 2

(ii) P1- Solution Z is hypotonic compare to red blood cell.

P2- Osmosis occur

P3- water leaves/ diffuses into the cell

P4- Red blood cell expand/ swell and burst.

Any 3P

1

1

1

1

3

(iii) F : No

P1 : Plant cell consists of cell wallP2 : Cell wall is made up of cellulose

// Cell wall able to withstand the pressure.

Any 2

1

11 2

Total 12

*k


106/175

4


3 (a) (i) Absorption / Simple diffusion / facilitated diffusion 1

(ii) F1 thin wall/ one cell thick

E1 increase rate of diffusion of digested food/ nutrients

F2 large surface area/ has microvilli

E2 increase rate of absorption of digested food/ nutrient

F3 has a network of capillaries/ blood vessels

E3 to transport the absorbed nutrients

Any F + E

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

(b) P: hepatic portal vein

Q: lymphatic/lymph vessel/ duct

1

1 2

(c) P1: Deamination.// The amino group is removed (from amino acid)/

converted to ammonia .

P2: (Ammonia) is converted to urea.

P3: urea will be excreted through the kidneys.

Any 2 Ps

1

1

1 2

(d) L1: A major energy reserve in the body//

L2: (phospholipids are) components of the plasma membrane//

L3: Lipids is used as a respiratory substrate//

L4: Excess fats are stored in adipose tissues (under the skin, aroundinternal organs)

Any 1L

A1:Amino acids are used in protein synthesis//

A2:For repair and production of new protoplasm/growth and repair//

A3:Used in the formation of enzymes/ some hormones/protein part of

haemoglobin/ antibodies

Any 1A

G1:Glucose is used as the main respiratory substrate// It is oxidised to

release energy (water and carbon dioxide)//

G2:Excessive glucose is converted to glycogen// Blood glucose level rise / increase.

Any 1 G

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

(e) P1: Diabetes mellitus // Blood sugar level increases// Hyperglycemia

P2: Excess glucose cannot be converted to glycogen.

1

1 2

Total 12

*k


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5


4 (a)

Both arrows correct 1

(b) A Pulmonary artery

B Pulmonary vein

1

1 2

(c) F : Contraction of ventricle / heartE1: generates a (high) pressure

E2 : (to) propel/ force / pump the blood flow from the heart/ ventricle to

vessel A

Any two

11

1 2

(d)(i) Coronary artery 1 1

(ii) P1: Cut the supply of O2/ nutrients to the heart muscle

P2: causing chest pain / angina / heart attack / myocardial infarctionReject Heart problem

1

1 2

(e) (i)

(ii)

P1: platelets break down and release chemicals

P2: to cause platelets to stick to each other

P3: platelets clump together to form a plug to prevent blood loss .

P4: released thrombokinase and other clotting factors

Any 2P

P1 : Fibrinogen is soluble, fibrin is insoluble / not soluble

P2 : Fibrin able to form fibres / meshwork / thread to trap

blood cells, fibrinogen is not able to do so.

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

Total 12

*k


108/175

6

No. Marking Criteria / Sample Answers Marks

5 (a) (i) (Transfer/flow of) energy 1

(a) (ii) F : Phytoplankton is an autotrophic organism.P1 : Able to absorb light energy / consists of chloroplast.

P2 : synthesis their own food / carry out photosynthesis

Any 2

11

1 2

(b) F1 : population of small fish increases

P1 : no shark feed on small fish // shark is the predator

F2 : population of plankton decreases

P2 : more small fish feed on the plankton

F3 : Eventually the population of small fish decreases

Any 3

1

1

1

1

1 3

(c) F : Commensalism

P1 : Shark is the host / neither gain any benefit nor harmed.

P2 : Remora benefits

P3 : Remora obtain protection / food / transport from the shark.

Any 3

1

1

1

1 3

(d) P1 : Fertilizer washed away by rain water into the lake

P2 : Nutrient / minerals content in the lake increase.

P3 : alga bloom / alga grow rapidly in the lake.

P4 : eutrophication occur.P5 : Oxygen content in the lake decrease / drop

P6 : Fishes die / population decrease

Any 3 P

1

1

1

11

1 3

Total 12

*k


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7

BIOLOGY

SECTION A

PAPER 2 [4551/2] - ESSAYNo. Marking Scheme Mark

6(a) (i) Continuous variation : body weight, height

Discontinuous variation : types of earlobe, types of finger print.

1

1 2

(a)(ii) Continuous Variation Discontinuous variation

P1 The changes of

characteristics among

individual are gradual

The differences among

individuals are distinct.

P2 Continuous variation is

quantitative // characteristics

can be measured.

Discontinuous variation is

qualitative // characteristic

is either present or absent.

P3 The graph shows the normal

distribution curve.

The graph shows the

discrete distribution.P4 The character is determined

by many genes

The character is determined

by a single genes

P5 The characteristic is

influenced by the

environmental factor and

genetic factor.

The characteristic is

influenced by the genetic

factor.

P6 Exhibits a range of

phenotype with intermediate

characters.

There are no intermediate

groups.

Any 4

pair

Max

4 m

(b) AlbinismeF : Albinisme is caused by the change in gene // mutation

P1 : Body / skin unable to produce black pigment (melanin)P2 : The skin and hair of albinos are white // their eyes are pink.

Any 2

Sickle cell anaemiaF : Sickle cell anaemia is caused by the change in the genes //

mutation.P1 : haemoglobin produced is not normal / abnormal

P2 : Abnormal haemoglobin unable to bind / transport / carries

with oxygen efficiently.

P3 : The patient will always feel weak / cannot carries out

vigorous activities.

Any 2

1

11

1

1

1

1

Max2 m

Max

2m

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8

6(c) (i) Abiotic factors that cause variation between the two sets of ginger plantsare:

F1: Sun light

P1: Plants need light energy to carry out photosynthesis for

growthP2: Set A, plants are obtain more / exposed to sunlight

// Plants in set B obtain less sunlight / not exposed to Sunlight.

P3 : Growth rate of plants in Set A is higher than plants in Set B.

1

1

1

1

F2: Space

P4: Plants need (space) to grow a large root system / leaves

P5: Plants able to absorb sufficient water and minerals/sunlight.P6: Set A, plants have larger space for the root and leaves to

Grow // Plants in set B have smaller space for the root and

leaves to grow.

1

1

11

F3: Soil / mineralsP7: Plants need mineral for (healthy) growth.

P8: Loam soil provides more minerals in Set A.

// Sandy loam soil in Set B contains less minerals.

P9: Loam soil able to trap / store water better than sandy loam soil.

Any 8

11

1

1

max

8

6(c) (ii) F1 : Plantlets from tissue culture have the same genetic material.

P1 : This is to show /ensure/proof the differences of plants in

Set A and Set B are not caused by genetic factor / have the same

genetic material.

// This is to show /ensure/proof the differences of plants in

Set A and Set B are caused by abiotic factors.

1

1 2

Total 20

No. Marking Scheme Mark

7(a) P1 : Nerve impulses arrive at the axon terminal of

(presynaptic) neurone.

P2 : Causes the synaptic vesicles to move towards the

(presynaptic) membrane and fuse with the membrane.P3 : Neurotransmiters /acetylcoline (examples) molecules

are released from synaptic vesicles.

P4 : (The neurotransmitter molecules) diffuse across thesynaptic cleft into the postsynaptic knob / dendrite

/ cell body of neighbouring neurone..

P5 : The neurotransmitter molecules bind to specific

receptor sites in the postsynaptic knob.

P6 : The binding triggers / generates new nerve Impulses.

P7 : The impulses then move along the postsynaptic neurone.

P8 : The release of neurotransmitter is in one direction,

from the synaptic knob to the postsynaptic neurone.

P9 : Mitochondria in the synaptic knob generate ATP

/ energy to synthesis neurotransmitter molecules.

Any 6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max

6

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9


7 (b) P1 : The receptor at the terminal of X stimulated by the heat.P2 : The receptor generates a nerve impulse.

P3 : The nerve impulse travels along X / afferent neuroneTo the spinal cord.

P4 : In the spinal cord, the nerve impulse is transmitted to

an interneurone.

P5 : From the interneurone, the nerve impulse is

transmitted to an efferent neurone/ neurone Y.

P6 : Nerve impulse travels along efferent neurone / Y and

reach the effector / muscle tissue / fingers.

P7 : Muscles contract to withdraw the hand / finger.

Any 4

1

11

1

1

1

1 Max 4

7 (c) P1 : The receptors in the eyes detect the dog.P2 : Nerve impulses are generated and transmitted to the

brain via the afferent neurone.

P3 : The hypothalamus in the brain is stimulated.

P4 : It actives the sympathetic nervous system to generate

nerve impulses.

P5 : Nerve impulses are transmitted to the adrenal medulla

to stimulate secretion of adrenaline.P6 : Adrenaline carried / transported by blood circulatory

system to the targeted organs.

P7 : Adrenaline promotes the breakdown of glycogen to

glucose.

P8 : (Adrenaline) increases the breathing rate.P9 : More oxygen will be taken into the body

P10 : (Adrenaline) increases the rate of heartbeat/ blood

pressure.

P11 : Rate of the blood flow increase.

P12 : More glucose and oxygen will be supplied to the muscles.

P13 : More energy produced by the muscles.

// metabolic rate increase.

P14 : Body has enough energy to face the fight or flight

situation.

Any 10

11

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

1 Max 10

Total 20

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10


8 (a)(i) P1 fish have streamline shapes // the anterior of the fish issmooth and rounded // the body is long and tapers

towards the end.

P2 the body of a fish is covered with scales that have aslimy coating

1

1 2

(a)(ii) P1 myotomes muscles are arranged in both side of the bodyP2 the vertebral column of the fish is flexible and can bent

from side to side

P3 myotome muscles act antagonistically in fish./ carry outopposite action in a fish

P4 when the muscles on right side contract, the muscle onthe left side relax

P5 the tail/body will be bent to the right.P6 when the muscles on left side contract, the muscle on

the right side relax

P7 the tail/body will be bent to the left.P8 alternate contraction of the right and left myotome blockenable its tail to move left and right

P9 to produce a force that propel the fish forward.[ any 6]

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1 Max

6

(b)(i) Similarities:

F1 Both Joint S and Joint T has a cavity filled with

svnovial fluid // lined with synovial membrane

El Synovial fluid acts as lubricant to reduce friction

between bones // absorbs shock of the movement.

F2 The end surfaces of the humerus bone ofJoint S and

Joint T are covered with cartilage

E2 To protect the bone / reduce friction between the bonesF3 Both Joint S and T are connected with ligaments

E3 to absorb shock // strengthen the articulation of bones/ joint.

Differences:

D1 Joint Sis hinge jointE4 Joint S allows the movement of bones in one plane /

directionD2 Joint T is ball-and-socket joint.

E5 Joint T allows rotational movement of bones in

all directions.

[ any 8 ]

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

Max

8

8 (b)(ii) OsteoporosisP1 : the bone become thinner / more brittle / porous / fragile.

P2 : Loss of bone mass.

P3 : Lack of calcium / phosphorus / vitamin D

Arthritis

P4 : Cartilage between bones become thinner.

P5 : Ligaments become shorter / loss elasticity

P6 : Less production of synovial fluid.

P7 : The joints become swollen / stiff / painful[ any 4 ]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max

4

Total 20

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11


9 (a)

(b)

The tree

F1 : Less tree will be chopped / felledP1 : More CO2 absorbed by the trees for photosynthesis

P2 : Avoid the increasing of CO2 in the atmosphere.P3 : Reduce the impact of Green house effect // global warming

P4 : Less habitat of fauna and flora will be destroyed.

P5 : Reduce / avoid the extinction of fauna and flora.

P6 : To maintain / preserve the biodiversity.

The oil / fuel // Save Energy

F2 : Reduce the burning of oil / fuel

P7 : More fuel/energy can be preserved for future.

P8 : Less green house gases / acidic gases released.

P9 : Reduce / avoid the impact of green house effect / acid rain.

The LandfillF3 : Less landfill will be opened

P10 : Landfill cause leaching / ground water pollution.

P11 : Less diseases / health problem caused by the improper managed

landfill.

The Water

F4 : Less used water / effluent / untreated sewage released into river.

P12 : Reduce / avoid the impact of water pollution / avoid the

extinction of aquatic organisms.

Any 10

Good Effect

G1 : Generate hydropower electricityG2 : As reservoir / to store water / supply fresh water

G3 : Supply water for agricultural / industries.

G4 : Place/site for recreation / tourismG5 : Reduce the flood problem at the downstream.

Bad Effect

B1 : Flooded / submerge trees / habitat of the fauna and flora

B2 : Less tree / plants to carry out photosynthesis

// Less CO2 absorbed for photosynthesis

B3 : Amount of CO2 in the atmosphere increase

B4 : Increase the impact of green house effect / global warming.

B5 : Many species of fauna and flora extinct

// Reduce the biodiversity.B6 : Reduce the flow of water at the downstream.

B7 : Cause the population of aquatic life at the downstream reduce.

B8 : Reduce the land used for residential / agricultural

B9 : Flooded / destroy / loss of historical building / site.

Any 10

11

11

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

max

10

max

10

Total 20

*k


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SULIT 4551/1

1. Which organ consists of cells which has the highest density of rough endoplasmicreticulum ?Organ manakah mengandungi sel-sel yang mempunyai kepadatan jalinanendoplasmik kasar paling tinggi?

A Stomach C Brain

Perut Otak

B Heart D KidneyJantung Ginjal

2. Diagram 1 shows three types of cells. Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiga jenis sel.

P Q R

Diagram 1

To which systems do the cells shown above belong?Kepada system manakah sel-sel di atas dipadankan ?

P Q R

A. Digestive systemSistem pencernaan]

Respiratory systemSistem respirasi

Nervous systemSistem saraf

B. Nervous systemSistem saraf

Reproductive systemSistem pembiakan

Circulatory systemSistem peredaran

C.

Respiratory systemSistem respirasi

Circulatory systemSistem saraf

Digestive systemSistem pencernaan

D.

Reproductive systemSistem pembiakan

Digestive systemSistem pencernaan

Nervous systemSistem saraf

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SULIT 4551/1

3. Diagram 2 shows a unicellular organism living in freshwater pond.Rajah 2 menunjukkan sejenis organisma unisel yang hidup di dalam kolam air tawar.

Which process involves in the movement of water ?

Apakah proses yang terlibat dalam pergerakan air.

A Diffusion C Active transportResapan Pengangkutan aktif

B Osmosis D Facilitated diffusionOsmosis Resapan berbantu

4. Diagram 3 shows a cross section of a leaf.Rajah 3 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun

Diagram 3

Which of the cell labelled A, B, C and D does not contain chloroplast?

Antara sel yang berlabel A, B, C dan D yang manakah tidak mengandungi kloroplas?

[Turn over

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Diagram 2

WaterAir

A

B

C

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SULIT 4551/1

5. Diagram 4 shows a type of plant tissue.Rajah 4 menunjukkan sejenis tisu tumbuhan.

Diagram 4

What is the importance of the thickening of substance X to the plant tissue?Apakah kepentingan penebalan bahan X terhadap tisu tersebut ?

A To transfer photosynthesis products Untuk memindahkan hasil fotosintesis

B To give turgidity to the tissues Untuk memberikan kesegahan kepada tisu

C To transfer water and mineral salts Untuk memindahkan air dan garam mineral

D To give support and mechanical strength Untuk memberikan sokongan dan kekuatan mekanikal

6. Which of the following sequence of organelles involved in the synthesis ofextracellular enzymes is correct?

Manakah di antara urutan berikutbetul yang melibatkan organel dalam sintesis enzimluar sel?

A Golgi apparatusRibosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Alat Golgi - Ribosom Jalinan endoplasmik kasarB Rough endoplasmic reticulumRibosomesGolgi apparatus

Jalinan endoplasmik kasar Ribosom Alat GolgiC RibosomesGolgi apparatusRough endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosom Alat GolgiJalinan endoplasmik kasarD RibosomesRough endoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatus

RibosomJalinan endoplasmik kasar Alat Golgi]

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SULIT 4551/1

7. Carrot slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 4 hours, the slices arefound to be turgid and hard.Hirisan lobak merah direndam di dalam larutan sukrosa 0.1%. Selepas 4 jam, hirisanitu didapati segah dan keras.

Which of the following statement explains this phenomenon? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini ?

A The carrot cell wall prevent it from shrinking . Dinding sel karot menghalangnya dari mengecut.

B The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to diffuse. . Kepekatan yang tinggi dalam sap sel vakuol menyebabkan air meresap ke dalam

Sel.C The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solution.

Sap sel adalah hipotonik kepada larutan sukrosa. D The carrot cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the cell.

Dinding sel karot membenarkan molekul selulosa meresap ke dalam sel.8. Diagram 5 shows a cell after immersed into a particular solution. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sel yang telah direndamkan ke dalam larutan

tertentu.

Diagram 5

Which is experienced by the cell? Apakah yang dialami oleh sel itu ?

A Crenation C Deplasmolysis Krenasi Deplasmolisis

B Plasmolysis D Haemolysis

Plasmolisis Hemolisis

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SULIT 4551/1

9. Diagram 6 shows the action of an enzyme on a substrate.Rajah 6 menunjukkan tindakan enzim ke atas suatu substrat.

What is represented by K?Apakah yang diwakili oleh K?

A Enzyme C Products of reaction

Enzim Hasil tindak balasB Enzyme-substrate complex D Substrate

Kompleks-enzim substrat Substrat

10. Based on the information below, name the enzyme that can be used.Berdasarkan maklumat di bawah, namakan enzim yang sesuai digunakan.

Extracting agar jelly from seaweeds Mengasingkan agar-agar daripada laut.]

Removing the seed coats from cereal grains

Mengeluarkan kulit dari bijirin

A Zymase C CelulaseZimase Selulosa

B Amylase D Protease Amilase Protease

11. Diagram 7 shows a graph between the rate of reaction at different substrateconcentration when factor Q is changed.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan graf diantara kadar tindak balas dan kepekatan substrat

apabila faktor Q diubah.

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Diagram 6

K


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SULIT 4551/1

Diagram 7

What is factor Q ? Apakah faktor Q ?

A pH C InhibitorpH PerencatB Time D Enzyme concentration

Masa Kepekatan enzim

12. The following information shows starch molecules undergoing process M.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan molekul kanji melalui proses M.

Process M Process M

Starch ------------------ Maltose -------------------- Glucose[Kanj] Maltosa Glukosa

What is process M ?Apakah proses M ?

A Photosynthesis C CondensationFotosintesis Kondensas]

B Hydrolisis D Polymerisation

Hidrolisis Pempolimeran

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Factor QFaktor Q


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SULIT 4551/1

13. Diagram 8 shows a cell cycle of an organism. Rajah 8 menunjukkan kitar sel bagi suatu organisma.

Diagram 8

Which of the following represent X and Y ?

Yang manakah di antara berikut mewakili X dan Y ?

Phase X Phase YA Meiosis InterphaseB Interphase MitosisC Mitosis InterphaseD Interphase Meiosis

14. The diploid chromosomes in a leaf cell of a maize plant is 20. If one of thehomologous chromosome pair does not separate during the Meiosis 1, how manychromosomes can be found in the male nucleus of a pollen grain of maize ?

Nombor kromosom diploid dalam daun jagung ialah 20. Jika satu daripadaPasangan kromosom homolog tidak terpisah semasa Meiosis 1, berapakahbilangan kromosom yang mungkin didapati pada debunga daun jagung ?

A 9 B 10 C 20 D 18

15. Which of the following statements explain the importance of mitosis to cells?Yang manakah di antara pernyataan berikut menerangkan kepentingan mitosiskepada sel ?

I . To ensure the chromosomal number is constant in all somatic cells. Untuk memastikan bilangan kromosom adalah tetap dalam semua sel somatik.

II To ensure the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as theparent cell.

Untuk memastikan billangan kromosom adalah sama dengan biangan kromosomsel induk.

III To ensure that the genetic material in the daughter cells is the same as in theparent cellUntuk memastikan bahan genetik sel anak dalah sama dengan sel induk.

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SULIT 4551/1

IV To contribute to the genetic variation in the daughter cells. Untuk menyumbangkan kepada variasi genetik dalam sel anak.

A I and II only C I , II and III only

B II and III only D I , III and IV only

16. Diagram 9 shows the correct proportion for the various classes of food in the foodpyramid.Rajah 9 menunjukkan nisbah yang betul bagi pelbagai kelas makanan dalampiramid makanan.

Which of the following shows the correct classes of food in the pyramid? Yang manakah di antara berikut menunjukkan kelas makanan yang betul dalam

piramid makanan di atas?

1 2 3 4

A Fats Proteins Carbohydrates Vitamins andminerals

B Carbohydrates Vitamins andminerals

Proteins Fats

C Proteins Carbohydrates

Fats Vitamins andminerals

D Carboh

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Maths exercise SPM