Mastering the End of Course (EOC) Biology Test - … Introduction What is in this book? Welcome to the Student Edition of Mastering the End of Course (EOC) Biology Test. There are

Mastering the End of Course(EOC) Biology Test

Student Edition

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material containedherein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and familieswithout charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the Mastering the End of Course (EOC) Biology Test program. Any otherreproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.

Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027

ISBN 0-07-869836-7

Printed in the United States of America.

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ContentsIntroduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Task Regimen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Competency Goal 1: Scientific Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Benchmark Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Competency Goal 2: Physical, Chemical, and Cellular Basis of Life . . .9Benchmark Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Competency Goal 3: Continuity of Life and the Changes of Organisms Over Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Benchmark Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Competency Goal 4: Unity and Diversity of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Benchmark Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Competency Goal 5: Ecological Relationships Among Organisms . . .27Benchmark Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

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1

Introduction

What is in this book? Welcome to the Student Edition of Mastering the End of Course (EOC) Biology Test.

There are two sections in this workbook:

• Task Regimen

This section provides you with methods to tackle test questions. Using the methodsin this section, you will learn how to use the process of elimination, how to identifyimportant information in the tests’ graphs, charts, and tables, as well as other skillsthat can help you succeed on tests. Carefully study the methods in this sectionbefore you begin the test questions in this workbook. Each task has an assignmentfor you to do on your own at home and one to do in class.

• Test Practice: EOC Review, Practice, and Preparation

The questions in this section are designed to prepare you for the EOC. The format ofthe questions found in these practice tests is very similar to the format of thequestions found in the EOC.

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2

Task RegimenA unique three-part Task Regimen designed to maximize the benefits of using thisworkbook is presented in this section. Each of the three tasks is designed to help youidentify challenges and improve your performance.

Each task has an assignment for you to do on your own at home and one to do inclass. Often the homework and the in-class activities will be coordinated, so it isimportant that you concentrate on both equally.

TASK

TASK 1

TASK 2

TASK 3

At-Home Assignment

For each question you missed, find thepages in the textbook that cover thematerial and explain what specific information was needed to answer thequestion correctly. If you cannot find anyhelpful information in the textbook,write out three questions about the testquestion that you did not understand.

For every incorrect question, go througheach answer choice and explain why it iscorrect or incorrect. Include any tips orhints you noticed that helped you eliminate choices. Place a question markbeside any question you cannot figureout and bring it to class for discussion.

Your teacher will provide you with a listof questions to work on. For each question, make observations and writedown all of the information given in the test in the form of a graphic, a passage, or otherwise. Write the information directly onto the test.

In-Class Assignment

Work in a group to discussany confusing questions andcontent areas. Then workthrough the confusing questions together.

Your teacher will lead a discussion for each question.Share your ideas and observations with the class.Keep notes of the discussionto help your review.

Work in a group to discusseach question. Make sure to note the location in the textbook where helpful information was found.

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3

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Year -1995

Popu

latio

n

45,000

40,500

36,000

31,500

27,000

22,500

18,000

13,500

9,000

4,500

0Spring750

Summer16,422

Autumn42,511

Winter102

Use the table below to answer questions 1–2.

Which of the following graphs correctly reflects the data in the table?1

A

Year -1995

Popu

latio

n

45,000

40,500

36,000

31,500

27,000

22,500

18,000

13,500

9,000

4,500

0Spring25,762

Summer127

Autumn564

Winter14,598

B

Year -1995

Popu

latio

n

45,000

40,500

36,000

31,500

27,000

22,500

18,000

13,500

9,000

4,500

0Spring564

Summer14,598

Autumn25,762

Winter127

C

Year -1995

Popu

latio

n

45,000

40,500

36,000

31,500

27,000

22,500

18,000

13,500

9,000

4,500

0Spring365

Summer14,106

Autumn36,562

Winter136

D

Population of Unknown OrganismsYear Spring Summer Autumn Winter

1995 564 14,598 25,762 127

1996 750 16,422 42,511 102

1997 365 14,106 36,562 136

Competency Goal 1 Scientific Inquiry

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSChoose the best answer for each of the following questions. Mark your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher.

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Based on the data on page 3, what canyou conclude about the organism?

A It has a short lifespan.B It has a long lifespan.C It thrives in even-numbered years.D It does not like cold or hot temper-

atures.

Why should quantitative experimentsbe repeated?

A To publish resultsB To communicate resultsC To clearly display informationD To reduce the chance of error

If there is a clear chemical on yourtable during a lab, how should youidentify it?

A Ask your instructor what it is.B Taste the chemical.C Smell the chemical.D Rub the chemical between your

fingers.

Which is the correct way to hold atest tube while heating its contents?

A Pointing straight upB Pointing horizontallyC Pointing away from yourself and

othersD Pointing straight at yourself

You are performing a lab thatinvolves a mouse. In your lab, yousee the safety symbol of a mouse,indicating a biological specimen willbe used. Who does this precautionprotect?

A You and the mouseB You onlyC The mouse onlyD Your instructor

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0

0

0

3 421 5 876 9 10

2000

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

g

0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 g

What is the mass of the object beingmeasured in the figure above?

A 47.52 gB 147.52 gC 407.52 gD 527.40 g

The surface of liquids in a glasscylinder is always curved. Thiscurved surface is called a meniscus.When reading a volume of a liquid,read the bottom of the meniscus.What is the most precise volume ofthe liquid shown in the figure below?

A 19.4 mLB 19.42 mLC 19.57 mLD 20.58 mL

A student measured the length of apiece of string that was 64.34 cmlong. Her measurements were 67.02 cm, 67.07 cm, 67.05 cm, and67.04 cm. Which of the followingstatements is true?

A The measurements were accuratebut not precise.

B The measurements were precisebut not accurate.

C The measurements were both pre-cise and accurate.

D The measurements were neitheraccurate nor precise.

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For the measurements in question 3,which of the following statements isNOT a likely source of error?

A The calibrations on the meterstickwere read incorrectly.

B The end of the string was notplaced at the end of the meterstick.

C The meterstick itself was not accu-rately calibrated.

D The string stretched when it wasbeing measured.

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A student designed and performed an experiment to determine the relative densities ofseveral liquids. The following table was used to organize the results. Use this data tableto answer questions 1–3.

Liquid’s Measurement DataLiquid Mass of cup Mass of liquid Mass of liquid Volume of Density

(g) and cup (g) only (g) liquid (mL) (g/mL)

Tap water 7 106 99 100 0.99

Salt water 6 110 104 100 1.04

Oil 6 98 92 100 0.92

Which of the following is true aboutthe experiment?

A The density is the independentvariable, the liquid is the depend-ent variable, and the volume isconstant.

B The liquid is the independent vari-able, the density is the dependentvariable, and the volume is con-stant.

C The mass of cup is the independentvariable, the density is the depend-ent variable, and the volume is con-stant.

D The mass of liquid is the inde-pendent variable, the volume ofliquid is the dependent variable,and the mass of cup is constant.

Which of the following hypotheses issupported by the data in the table?

A Density can be determined fromthe mass of the cup and liquid andthe volume.

B Oil will float on tap water, and tapwater will float on salt water.

C Salt water is less dense than eithertap water or oil.

D The greater the volume of a liquid,the greater its density.

Other than the cup mentioned in thedata table, what laboratoryequipment would you need to use toperform this experiment?

A Graduated cylinder, balanceB Beaker, spring scaleC Beaker, balanceD Graduated cylinder, spring scale

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Goal 1 Benchmark TestMULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSChoose the best answer for each of the following questions. Mark your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher.

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If you wanted to determine the effectsof climate on plants, which of thefollowing would you least likely useto gather information?

A Scientific inquiryB NewspapersC TextbooksD The Internet

Pollution is the introduction of non-native,harmful substances into an environment.Oil is considered a pollutant when it entersoceans. A pollutant is a substance that caus-es damage to organisms by interfering withlife processes. The graph shows the per-centage of different sources of oil that enterthe oceans each year.

What can you infer from the data inthe graph below?

A More accidents occur on land thanat sea.

B Offshore mining accounts for asmuch oil pollution as gas and oildrilling.

C More than three-fourths of the oilentering oceans originates on land.

D Ocean dumping is a small andrelatively easy problem to address.

54

Runoff anddischargesfrom land

44%

Offshore mining andoil and gas drilling

1%

Ocean dumping10%

Shipping andaccidental spills

12%

Airborneemissionsfrom land

33%


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Cells use ____ for energy storage andinsulation.

A proteins

B carbohydrates

C lipids

D enzymes

A protein that facilitates chemicalreactions is called a(n) ______.

A enzyme

B amino acid

C lipid

D nucleic acid

Cells rely on _____ to store and releaseenergy.

A lipids

B proteins

C carbohydrates

D glycerol

A macromolecule that stores cellularinformation in the form of a code isa(n) _____.

A nucleic acid

B enzyme

C carbohydrate

D lipid

RNA and DNA are examples of _____.

A amino acids

B lipids

C carbohydrates

D nucleic acids

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Competency Goal 2 Physical, Chemical and Cellular Basis of Life


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Chromosomes are produced in whatpart of a eukaryotic cell?

A cell wall

B nucleus

C ribosomes

D vacuole

Vesicles formed in Golgi bodies arecalled ______.

A mitochondria

B lysosomes

C ribosomes

D chromatin

Which organelle shown in the diagramabove provides energy for the cell byperforming aerobic respiration?

A A

B B

C C

D D

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A

B C

D

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In the diagram above, theconcentration of ions and moleculesoutside the cell is MOST likely ______.

A twice as high as the concentration ofions and molecules inside the cell

B the same as the concentration of ionsand molecules inside the cell

C lower than the concentration of ionsand molecules inside the cell

D composed of a different variety ofions and molecules than is inside the cell

Active transport of materials through amembrane against a concentrationgradient requires ______.

A a carrier protein and energy

B energy only

C an isotonic solution

D a carrier protein only

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Passive Transport

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Which process uses carbon dioxide(CO2), water (H2O), and light energy toproduce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen(O2)?

A fermentation

B photosynthesis

C exocytosis

D respiration

Cellular respiration occurs in ______.

A only animals

B only plants

C only protists

D all living things

What are two reactants of aerobicrespiration?

A glucose and oxygen

B carbon dioxide and chlorophyll

C carbon dioxide and oxygen

D water and nitrogen

The stage of cellular respiration that isanaerobic is ______.

A the citric acid cycle

B glycolysis

C the electron transport chain

D CO2 formation

The electron transport chain isextremely efficient, producing ______ATP molecules.

A 22

B 24

C 32

D 38

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The formula C57 H110 O6 is an exampleof a _____.

A lipid

B carbohydrate

C nucleic acid

D protein

The substance drawn above is producedin what part of a eukaryotic cell?

A cell wall

B nucleus

C ribosomes

D vacuoles

If a cell contains a 10% concentrationof salt and is surrounded by water thatalso contains a 10% concentration ofsalt, which of the following will occur?

A Water will leave the cell only.

B Water will enter the cell only.

C Water will enter and leave the cell.

D The cell will die.

Energy from sunlight is trapped bychlorophyll located in the ______.

A citric acid cycle

B mitochondria

C electron transport chain

D thylakoid membranes

In the complete process ofphotosynthesis, the ______.

A Calvin cycle yields CO2

B light reactions release oxygen

C Calvin cycle breaks down H2O

D light reactions produce NADP+from NADPH + H+

How many carbon dioxide molecules(CO2) result from the respiration of sixsugar molecules?

A 6

B 12

C 24

D 36

During photosynthesis, plants ______.

A take in oxygen and carbon dioxide

B take in oxygen and give off carbondioxide

C give off oxygen and carbon dioxide

D take in carbon dioxide and give offoxygen

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Goal 2 Benchmark Test

NH2

H

C

H

N

R

Peptidebond

H

C COOH

R

C

O


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The arrows in the diagrams aboveindicate the movement of saltmolecules through two cell membranes.The X’s represent salt molecules. Whichtwo processes do the diagramsillustrate?

A diffusion and active transport

B dehydration synthesis and diffusion

C diffusion and osmosis

D passive transport and cellularrespiration

In which of the following cell organellesdoes protein synthesis occur?

A chloroplasts

B mitochondria

C nucleus

D ribosomes

Which process produces the greatestamount of ATP per glucose moleculemetabolized?

A respiration

B digestion

C fermentation

D photosynthesis

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Cell 1

Cell 2

X = salt molecule


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The diagram above shows a portion ofa DNA molecule. The letters in thediagram represent the four bases:adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),and cytosine (C). Which of thefollowing sequences of bases do thequestion marks represent?

A C-A-C

B G-C-A

C G-A-C

D T-C-A

The arrow in the diagram below pointsto a structure called a ______.

A base

B hydrogen bond

C nucleotide

D cell wall

The DNA message depends on theorder of the ______.

A nitrogen bases

B acids

C sugars

D genes

For asexual reproduction to be successful,a cell nucleus divides to form two newnuclei, each containing a complete copyof the parental chromosomes. Thisprocess is called ______.

A fermentation

B meiosis

C mitosis

D non-disjunction

A married couple plans to havechildren. The wife has blue eyes (bb),and her husband has brown eyes (Bb).The husband’s mother had blue eyes.Based on the Punnet square above,what percentage of their children couldthey predict will have blue eyes?

A 25%

B 50%

C 75%

D 100%

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Competency Goal 3 Continuity of Life and the Changes of Organisms Over Time


G G

G ?

GA

A

A

?C C

C C

?T

T

T

T

Father

Mother B = dominant geneb = recessive gene

B

b

b

b

Bb

Bb

bb

bb

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Karen has two pet guinea pigs withblack fur. When her guinea pigs mated,one of their four offspring had whitefur, while the others had black fur.Which of the following conclusions ismost likely true for Karen’s guinea pigs?

A Both parents are heterozygous forthe white-fur trait, which isdominant.

B Both parents are heterozygous forthe white-fur trait, which is recessive.

C Both parents are homozygous for thewhite-fur trait, which is dominant.

D Both parents are homozygous for thewhite-fur trait, which is recessive.

Some humans can roll their tongues,while others cannot. Simple dominanttraits, such as tongue rolling, aredetermined in humans by ______.

A cleaved DNA

B a point mutation on the Xchromosome from the mother only

C dominant alleles from the father only

D dominant alleles from either thefather or the mother, or both

A black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken are crossed by afarmer. All of the offspring chickenshave both black and white feathers.Which of the following does thisexemplify?

A genetic mutation

B codominant alleles

C dominant alleles

D multiple alleles

To be inherited by future generations,a gene mutation would have to occur

in ______.

A brain cells

B liver cells

C sex cells

D skin cells

A mutation in which a single base isadded or deleted from DNA is called______.

A frameshift mutation

B point mutation

C chromosomal mutation

D nucleotide mutation

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What is the name of the processthrough which scientists creategenetically identical organisms?

A sequencing

B cloning

C recombining

D splicing

Recombinant DNA is used in making______.

A insulin

B bacteria

C diabetes

D wires

A transgenic organism contains______.

A enzymes

B genes from another species

C alleles of the host organism

D human chromosomes

Which of the diagrams belowrepresents the method of reproductionthat is characteristic of vertebrates?

A

B

C

D

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+

Nucleus

Bud

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Which conclusion may be drawn whencomparing fossils found in previouslyundisturbed strata of sedimentaryrock?

A Fossils in the upper strata areyounger than those in the lowerstrata.

B Fossils in the upper strata are olderthan those in the lower strata.

C Fossils in the upper strata aregenerally less complex than those inthe lower strata.

D There are no fossils in the upperstrata that resemble those in thelower strata.

The theory that whales evolved fromancestors that had legs is most likelybased on information gathered from______.

A embryology research

B population studies

C the fossil record

D DNA analysis

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When DNA replicates, each new DNAmolecule has ______.

A two new strands

B one original strand and one newstrand

C two original strands

D one new strand

Which base is the complementarystrand of the base shown above?

A adenine

B guanine

C cytosine

D uracil

Which of the following statements is true?

A In both mitosis and meiosis, thechromosomes separate once.

B In both mitosis and meiosis, thechromosomes separate twice.

C In mitosis the chromosomes separateonce, while in meiosis thechromosomes separate twice.

D In meiosis the chromosomesseparate once, while in mitosis thechromosomes separate twice.

Examine the information in the boxabove. In fruit flies, the allele for eyecolor is a sex-linked trait. In otherwords, this gene is found only on the Xchromosome. Which of the followingfruit fly crosses could produce a white-eyed female?

A XRXR � XrY

B XRXr � XrY

C XRXr � XRY

D XrXr � XRY

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CHN

CN

CH

C

O

O

CH3

H

Thymine (T)

R = red eyes XX = female

r = white eyes XY = male

19


Punctuated equilibrium in evolutionresults in ______.

A small changes over a long period of time

B large changes over a long period of time

C small changes over a short period of time

D large changes over a short periodof time

The emergence of harmful, recessivetraits is one disadvantage of ______.

A the human genome

B selective breeding

C genetic equilibrium

D DNA sequencing

Sepals and petals along with stamensand pistils are present in ______.

A mosses

B ferns

C gymnosperms

D angiosperms

One use of recombinant DNAtechnology is to correct geneticdisorders. This application is called ______.

A DNA fingerprinting

B cloning

C chromosomal mutation

D gene therapy

Examine the Punnet square above.A married couple plans to havechildren. The husband (XHY) and wife(XHXh) both have blood that clotsnormally. Which of these combinationswill produce a child who suffers fromhemophilia?

A XHXH

B XHY

C XHXh

D XhY

Out of four children, the expectednumber of girls with hemophilia is ______.

A none

B one

C two

D four

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Male

Female

XH

XH

Y

Xh

XHXH

XHXh

XHY

XhY

H = normal blood clottingh = hemophiliaXX = femaleXY = male

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Which of these represents a parasiticrelationship?

A whale/plankton

B tick/dog

C Spanish moss/trees

D shark/fish

A relationship in which one organismbenefits at the expense of another is______.

A parasitism

B symbiosis

C mutualism

D commensalism

A dog fetching a paper is an example of______ behavior.

A innate

B learned

C parental care

D migration

All of these are examples of innateanimal behavior EXCEPT for ______.

A a duckling forming a socialattachment to its mother

B a frog’s tongue that flicks out tocatch an insect

C male fireflies flashing distinct lightpatterns to attract females of thesame species

D a species of bird migrating to SouthAmerica when it is winter in NorthAmerica

All behavior starts with a ______.

A stimulus

B reward

C response

D smell

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Competency Goal 4 Unity and Diversity of Life


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The simplest innate behavior is ______.

A imprinting

B a reflex

C an instinct

D conditioning

Plants use the Sun’s energy to makeglucose through the process ofphotosynthesis. The energy stored in glucose is released in the processof ______.

A cellular respiration

B digestion

C replication

D transpiration

When you inhale, oxygen is transportedto your body’s cells. Which of theseliving systems does this process require?

A respiratory and circulatory only

B respiratory, circulatory, and digestiveonly

C muscular, respiratory, andcirculatory only

D reproductive and circulatory only

The gray wolf is classified as Canislupus. The domestic dog, formerlyclassified as Canis familiaris, is nowclassified as Canis lupus familiaris. Thischange reflects biologists’ new beliefthat the domestic dog and the gray wolfbelong to the same ______.

A kingdom

B genus

C species

D phylum

According to the classification tableabove, what is the LOWEST taxonomiclevel that jackrabbits and cottontailshave in common?

A class

B family

C genus

D order

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Level

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Jackrabbit

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Lagomorpha

Leporidae

Lepus

californicus

Cottontail

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Lagomorpha

Leporidae

Sylvilagus

floridanus

Classification of Rabbits

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A polar bear’s scientific name is Ursusmaritimus, while the scientific name ofa brown bear is Ursus arctos. Accordingto this information, it is apparent thatthe polar bear and the brown bear are______.

A not in the same family

B the same animal called by twodifferent names

C the same species

D the same genus

Some plants have small leaves that arecovered with a waxy coating. For whichtype of habitat are such plants BESTadapted?

A temperate forest

B grassland

C desert

D tropical rain forest

See the illustration above. What wouldhappen to the beetle population if, overa period of many years, the bark on allthe trees of this type became spotted?

A The population of spotted beetleswould increase and the population ofplain beetles would decrease.

B The population of plain beetleswould increase and the population ofspotted beetles would decrease.

C The population of spotted beetleswould increase and the population ofplain beetles would increase.

D The population of plain beetleswould increase and the population ofspotted beetles would stay the same.

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Bark of Tree

If one population of sparrows adapteda type of feather that made it easier tosurvive, this sparrow population mightincrease because ______.

A the sparrows with the better featherswould live longer and pass the newtrait onto their young

B the sparrows would have fewer owlshunting them

C there would be many moregrasshoppers available for eachsparrow to eat

D the sparrows that did not adapt newwings would die, leaving moregrasshoppers for the remainingsparrows

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Some bacteria produce an enzyme thatmakes them resistant to penicillin.Their offspring will also MOST likelybe resistant to penicillin because______.

A bacteria have an unusually high rateof mutation

B penicillin is no longer effective against bacteria

C bacteria produce a large amount of antibodies

D bacteria reproduce asexually

When plants reproduce, which processreplicates their chromosomes?

A photosynthesis

B fertilization

C meiosis

D pollination

When animals use past experiences tohelp them in new situations, they areusing a form of reasoning called______.

A imprinting

B cyclic behavior

C insight

D instinct

The forelegs of a cat and a bat areexamples of ______.

A comparative biochemistry

B homologous structures

C analogous structures

D comparative embryology

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An enzyme found in mitochondria hasthe same sequence of amino acids inboth chimpanzees and humans. Thisobservation supports the hypothesis that______.

A chimpanzees and humans have similar diets.

B chimpanzees and humans have acommon ancestor.

C amino acids are a characteristic of allanimals.

D lower organisms are not able to synthesize proteins.

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Examine the diagram above. Thediagram shows the living and non-livingfactors that interact in a particulargeographic area. The term that bestdescribes these interactions is ______.

A biome

B environment

C ecosystem

D population

Relationships among differentorganisms in an environment areknown as ______.

A interactive biomass

B biotic factors

C diversifications

D communal activities

Non-living aspects of the environmentare called ______.

A biotic factors

B living factors

C limiting factors

D abiotic factors

Examine the pyramid above. A foodpyramid is a way of showing howenergy in an ecosystem flows from oneorganism to another. Based on thispyramid, which organism has theMOST energy available to it?

A grass

B grasshopper

C starling

D owl

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Starling

Grasshopper

Grass

Owl

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Producers obtain energy primarily from ______.

A nutrients in the soil

B the Sun

C water

D decomposing organisms

Farmers often introduce ladybugs intocrops as predators to reduce thenumber of aphids feeding on theirplants. In a short time, the number ofaphids significantly decreases. This isan example of ______.

A migration

B population equilibrium

C a host-parasite relationship

D abiotic control of pests

A major threat to ecosystems is theactivity brought about by ______.

A plants

B humans

C algae

D recycled nutrients

Carbon ______ through the carboncycle.

A increases in quantity

B decreases in quantity

C follows various paths

D follows a single path

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Examine the diagram above. The foodweb shows how many secondary(second-order) consumers?

A none

B one

C two

D three

Alligators in wetland regions normallyfeed on animals such as shorebirds.Shorebirds usually feed on small fishand frogs. Recently, scientists released alarge number of alligators into awetland region. Scientists expected thatas a result of this increase in thealligator population, the population ofsmall fish and frogs would ______.

A remain about the same

B rapidly decrease

C become extinct

D notably increase

An abiotic factor affecting the behaviorand survival of organisms, such as birds and insects, in a community is the ______.

A number of secondary consumers

B number of daylight hours

C number of herbivores

D incidence of harmful bacteria

Certain plants and animals haveadaptations that enable them to survivein a desert ecosystem. The MOSTimportant abiotic factor that affectsthese adaptations is the ______.

A number of consumers

B number of producers

C amount of rainfall

D temperature range

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Snake

Deer Mouse

Frog

Cricket

TreesGrass

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The total amount of carbon on Earthremains the same through time. Animalsacquire the carbon stored in plants whenthey eat carbohydrates. Carbon returns to the atmosphere when animals exhalecarbon dioxide as a by-product ofrespiration. This carbon dioxide gas isused by plants to manufacture complexcarbohydrates through the process of______.

A photosynthesis

B protein synthesis

C respiration

D transpiration

The water in Earth’s atmosphere comespartly from ______.

A the chemical separation of watermolecules in the oceans

B precipitation such as rain, snowfalland sleet

C transpiration of trees in the processof photosynthesis

D the melting of polar ice caps

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The carbon dioxide that we breathe outhas come originally from our ______.

A cells

B skin

C diaphragm

D urinary bladder

The oxygen in Earth’s atmospherecomes mainly from ______.

A the chemical separation of watermolecules in the oceans

B the chemical breakdown of mineralsin the soil

C the process of photosynthesisoccurring in green plants and algae

D the process of cellular respirationoccurring in all organisms

The graph shows the changes in thepopulations of two animals that arepart of a forest ecosystem. Which is areason for the changes in thesepopulations after 1985?

A All the plant populations in thisecosystem decreased.

B The wolf population preyed on themoose population.

C The wolf population competed forfood more successfully than themoose population.

D An epidemic of disease reduced thewolf population.

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MooseWolves

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1965

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Two abiotic factors affecting thedistribution of organisms in the oceanare ______.

A light and temperature

B humidity and altitude

C temperature and precipitation

D light and latitude

Which of these statements is TRUEabout the food web shown above?

A Grizzly bears have the highestbiomass.

B Grasses have the lowest biomass.

C Deer have a higher biomass than dogrizzly bears.

D Seeds have a lower biomass than dochipmunks.

The gypsy moth was brought to the UnitedStates in 1869 in an attempt to start asilkworm industry. Escaping soon after, thegypsy moth has become a major tree pest inthe forests of northeastern United States andsoutheastern Canada.

What is the MOST significantconclusion that can be drawn from theevents reported in the paragraphabove?

A Imported species can disrupt abalanced ecosystem.

B Gypsy moths produce silk.

C Imported species have difficultyadapting to a new environment.

D Gypsy moths are herbivores.

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Grizzly bear

Chipmunk

Insects

Seeds

MarmotDeer

Grasses

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Mastering the End of Course (EOC) Biology Test - … Introduction What is in this book? Welcome to the Student Edition of Mastering the End of Course (EOC) Biology Test. There are