Maska Training M1 Ver1

7/30/2019 Maska Training M1 Ver1

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Baldors Mission Statement

is to be the best

(as determined by our customers)

marketers, designers andmanufacturers of industrial electric

motors, mechanical power

transmission products, drives, andgenerators.

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1- Fundamentals

2- V-belt Pulleys & Maska characteristics

3- Limits of Design 4- Drive Optimization Tips

5- Synchronous Drives

1- Fundamentals

2- V-belt Pulleys & Maska characteristics

3- Limits of Design 4- Drive Optimization Tips

5- Synchronous Drives

Maska Training

Belt Drive Systems

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All standards for V-belt drives are set by two

Organizations:

All of the Maska products meet these standards andsome offer higher specifications; i.e. like our QD

bushings series in ductile iron.

1. Fundamentals

Industry standards for V-belt drives

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Maska - Interchangeability

Maska meets MPTA standards

Maskas QD sheaves and bushings are

interchangeable with QD products made by all othermanufacturer members of the MPTA.

All fixed bore sheaves from Maska have a reference

number stamped on parts or printed on boxes to

match manufacturer nomenclature

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Easy and economical installation.

No lubrication required.

Clean & low maintenance.

Elasticity of belts helps shock load

dampening.

Quiet, smooth operation.

Long life expectancy when well designed.

Good mechanical efficiency.

1. Fundamentals

Advantages of a Belt Drive System

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Ability to slip upon overload, resulting in afail-safe drive.

Generally 5% slippage.

A belt drive system should never belubricated as it depends on friction to transmitpower, in contrast with chain or gear systems.

1. Fundamentals

Important Facts about V-Belt systems

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1. Fundamentals

Safety Factor

The minimum safety factor should be based

on industry standards.

Environment and working conditions will affectthe safety factor.

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1. Fundamentals

Safety Factors

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1. Fundamentals

Speed Ratiooutside diameters

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1. Fundamentals

Datum diameter v.s. Pitch diameter

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Sheaves &

Maska characteristics

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BUSHINGS


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2. Sheaves & Maska characteristics

Bushing Features

QD and ST: in. per foot or a 1.79

degree taper angle

TL = 4 degrees

A smaller angle allows for a better shaft

grip/fit/squeeze

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Ductile iron a unique feature to Maska QD

bushings for all bore sizes from JA to M

Set screw over the key for all sizes up to P.


QD bushings

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TL: does not have a flange (flush mount)

QD: takes up more room because of the

flange, but allows reverse mounting.

ST: is flanged but does not allow for

reverse mounting.


QD compared with Taper-lock and ST

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All of Maska QD bushings up to W come with abolt hole pattern for standard and reverse

mounting.

Maska supply lock washers, grade 5 bolts and

keys for shallow keyway bushings.


Maska QD bushings

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2 ways to mount bushings and pulleys on

shaft: standard and reverse. This allows

sheaves to be mounted from the most

convenient side to reduce overhang load.

STANDARD REVERSE

2. Sheaves& Maska characteristics

QD bushingsInstallation features

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The assembly of TL and ST bushings will resistheavy impacts with sprockets or 300% HTDdrives because of their dual locking device onshaft and hub

QD bushing V-Belt Drives offer the necessarytorque resistance when properly designed andare a preferred option because of their lowercost and easy installation & removal.


QD bushingssuitable for V-belt drives

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QD and TL: both have full split

ST: Double split in Taper only

(partial split)

Therefore, the full split allows for

a better shaft grip or fit (360 contact)

Taper-Lock & Split taper v.s. QD

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Sheaves


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Cast Iron machined with precision and tighttolerances, resulting in improved efficiency and along life expectancy

Plastic tolerances are close, but offers poor

resistance to wear & heat and is static generating Die Cast variable tolerances depending on

manufacturers. Low wear resistance and somemanufacturers leave the burr made by theparting line in the groove reducing belt life

Pressed Steel poor tolerances, high wobblingand can only transmit low H.P.


Sheaves material comparison

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Cast iron (wider range of H.P.) 3L-4L-5L-A-

AX-B-BX-C-D-3V-5V-8V

Plastic 3L-4L-A (low H.P. rating)

Die Cast 4L and 5L (low H.P. rating)

Pressed steel 4L-5L-A-B (low H.P. rating)


SheavesHP capacity

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3 different designs : block (B), webbed (W) and arm

(A) depending on pulley sizes.


Sheaves constructions

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MaskaMA & MB characteristics

Bore tolerances designed for quick installation andgood concentricity

Appropriate groove angles per size for a longer belt life

Vinyl primer or powder coating paint for a good

corrosion resistance

Good quality at a competitive price, as per Maska

philosophy

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MA & MBSecure Mounting

Secure mounting onto shaft with 2 set screws: oneover the keyway holding the key and one at 90

degrees to maintain the pulley in place on the

shaft.

Set screws have a knurled cup point that ensures

an efficient grip compared to standard round or

cup point.

Recommended torque chart in the catalog

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Recommended F.H.P. (Fractional-Horse-Power) applications

Lighter than the MA series ensures a lower energyconsumption at a lower cost for F.H.P. applications

A lighter hub made with a hump for the set screw

Smaller arms

Thinner groove walls

MFALCharacteristics

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This family was designed for the HVAC market

and to be used with MVL.

Combined with the adjustable sheave MVL,

there is no need for as many different

diameters, as with the other sheaves families to

cover the same speed ratios.

MFALCharacteristics

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The MFAL series has the same characteristics than

the Fixed Bore series MA, but with some differences:

One set-screw over keyway

Lighter design (F.H.P)

Special Groove (should not be used with 3L norAX belt) also for a lighter design.

Smaller range of pulley diameters

MFALCharacteristics

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Maska - Adjustable Pitch Sheaves

MVL light duty (HVAC) single groove diameters 1.6 to

4.7 inches and suitable up to 5 H.P.

8000 series single and double groove medium duty

diameters ranging from 2.3 to 7.3 inches and suitable upto 25 H.P

VP series single and double groove medium duty

diameters ranging from 1.6 to 7.4 inches and suitable up

to 25 H.P.

MVS 2 grooves heavy duty up to 40 H.P. diameters 3.4

to 9.0 inches

Maska offers 4 types of adjustable pulleys

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All of Maska adjustable pulleys aremade of cast iron offering the bestquality.

Close tolerances of the threads on

hubs are controlled for run-out

In double groove series, whenflanges are backed off an equalnumber of turns, the gap is identical

on both sides making both belts pullequally.

Maska - Adjustable pitch sheaves

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The VP series is equivalent to 8000 series. The 8000

series generally offers a wider range of speed.

Designed for A (4L), B (5L) and 5V belts.

Offers half turn adjustment up to 6 turns.

All made of gray cast iron

2. V-belt pulleys & Maska characteristics

8000 & VP series

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Fig 2.32:Ratio variationClose and Open


Variable pulley adjustment

Should be selected from the mid pitch diameter.

Two groove pulleys are machined precisely to

have the same pitch on both sides.

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V-Belt construction

2

(2) INSULATING COUMPOND

3

(3) TENSION MEMBERS

4

(4) COMPRESSION AREA

1 (1) COVER

MASKA BLUEFLEXV-BELT

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Used for heavy-duty and also light duty (Belts A & B).

Large selection of cross-sections available. Coupled with other identical cross-sections, these

belts can transmit up to hundreds of hp units.


Classical V-belt

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Recommended for drive systems that requirecompact design, with higher speed and increased

horsepower. Drive system can be designed with shorter

centers and smaller sheaves. Overall drive

dimensions can be reduced by as much as 40%. 3V covers A&B, 5V covers B&C and 8V covers

D&E cross-sections.


Narrow V-belt

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2 Sh & M k h t i ti


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Recommended for applications with vertically-

mounted shafts or extended center-to-center

distances.

Assures lateral rigidity and guides the belts into

the pulley walls in a straight line.

Designed for heavy-duty drives where shock

loading is a problem and where multiple matched

single belts tend to roll over or jump off the

groove.


Banded V-belt

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3. Limits of design

What limits?

STOP

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3. Limits of design

SPEED LIMITATIONS

MATERIAL STRENGTH MAX SPEED

Cast Iron 30,000 psi 6500 ft/min

Ductile Iron 65,000 psi 9500 ft/min

V-Belt drives are not recommended to run

above 9,000 ft/min or below 1,500 ft/min

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Minimum: diameter of the largestsheave.

Maximum: 3 times the sum of bothsheaves or 5 times the largest sheave.

3. Limits of design

Maximum & minimum center distance

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1:6 is known to be the maximum recommendedratio for a V-belt drive.

Higher ratios like 1:7 can be obtained with coggedand small section belts (3VX).

3. Limits of design

Maximum ratio

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4 Drive optimization tips


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Design horsepower / Safety factor

Center distance long and short center distance must be

avoided.

Reducing Costs

Select reasonable parameters for a V-belt drive (ratio, speeds

and HP)

Section belt selections

Criteria to optimize

4. Drive optimization tips

Designing new drives

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Efficient speed for a V-belt drive

OPERATION SPEEDS FOR V-BELT DRIVES

Ideal speed : 4500 ft/min Normal range: 1500 6500 ft/min

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Reducing hub loads

Nema standards for minimum pulley diameter

Optimized safety factor (Bearings are not

overcharged)

Standard mounting assembly

Proper belt tension

Select the next size pulley that will cut off onegroove. Make a compromise with price.

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For efficient operations, the minimum belt wrap,or arc of contact, of the smallest pulley should be120 degrees.

The maximum arc of contact that can be obtainedis 180 degrees. For larger ratios, an idler pulleymay be necessary.


Arc of contact

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Increases by 20% the service factor

Slippage and higher torque demands on starting

operations. Smaller pulley is on the load side.


Service factor for speed-up

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Classic beltsection Minimumdatum

diam.

Narrow beltsection Minimumpulley

diam.

A 3.0 3V 2.65

AX 2.2 3VX 2.2

B 5.4 5V 7.1

BX 4.0 5VX 4.4

C 9.0 8V 12.5

CX 6.8


RMA minimum recommended diameter

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Clean all surfaces (grooves, taper hub, shafts, etc.)

Verify alignment

Proper Belt tension

Check tension after 48 hours


Installation Procedures

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Too much tension can cause excessive wear on

belts & bearings.

Too little tension allows slippage, loss of power &

additional wear.


Belt tensioning

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4 Drive Optimization Tips


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Worn grooves cause one or more belts to ridelower than the others, resulting in premature wearof belts & reduced performance levels (see Figure below)

If wear is premature, could be caused bymisalignment.

Signs of wear: One or more belts are slack

while others are tight?

Bottom of the groove is shiny?

Belts wear out quickly?

4. Drive Optimization Tips

Checking Sheave Grooves for wear

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4 Drive Optimization Tips


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How to check for wear quickly?

Maska sheave & belt gage is aninexpensive tool that can be inserted inthe groove until the rim touches theflange. If more than 1/32" wear, replace

the sheave (see Figure below).

The cost of replacing the part is soonoffset by the number of belts that will bequickly ruined by rounded sidewalls.

Resulting belt problems touchingbottom and slipping, reduced wedgingaction & less gripping power.

4. Drive Optimization Tips

Checking Sheave Grooves for wear

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Maska blueflex belts have ORS construction

Heat resistance

Oil Resistance

Static conducting

For hazardous environments, additional protectionis recommended such as grounding the entiresystem to ensure against accidental static sparkdischarges

Cogged belts at higher temperature or linked beltsbetween 140 & 180 for smaller drives.


Special Environments

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SYNCHRONOUS BELT DRIVES

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5.1 What is a Synchronous Drive? Used when indexing, positioning or a constant speed ratio is

required. Drive that runs without slippage (positive drive)

THREE CATEGORIES OF SYNCHRONOUS DRIVES:

B) Gear drive

B)

A) Synchronous Belt Drive

A)

C) Chain drive C)

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5.2 Advantages of a


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g

Synchronous Belt Drive

No lubrication required

Clean & low maintenance

Low-stretch tensile cord nearly eliminating the

need for re-tensioning

Eliminate noise problems of chain drives

Long life expectancy when well designed

Smooth engagement of belt with pulley allows

high speeds

Less weight compared to chain and gear drives forsame horsepower requirements

Can operate in wet environments

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5.3 Synchronous


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5.3 Synchronous

belt drive applications

AUTOMATIC MACHINERYMASKA 2009-M1

5 4 Synchronous


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5.4 Synchronous

Belt Drive Applications

PETROCHEMICAL

INDUSTRIES Air coolers, dryers, compressors,

& pumps

FOOD PROCESSING Bottling machines, pumps,

bucket elevators, belt

conveyors, mixers, mills, &

meat grinders

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5.5 Synchronous belts

H.T.B. / Curvilinear Synchronous Belt

Standard/Trapezoidal Synchronous belt

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5.5.1 Timing Belt v.s. H.T.B.

Optimizing tooth profile - H.T.B. design

Better load transfer to tensile members Closer tooth spacing for more power transmitted

Minimize strains in corner and bond surface

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5.5.3 Belt size designation

Standard/Trapezoidal Synchronous Belt

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MASKA BLUE FLEX DESIGNATION

TB = TIMING BELT

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5 5 6 Belt size designation


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560 (mm) ------ 8M ------ 30 (mm)Pitch length Tooth pitch Belt Width

2800 (mm) ------ 14M ------ 55 (mm)Pitch length Tooth pitch Belt Width

H.T.B. / Curvilinear Synchronous Belt

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5 5 7 Belt si e designation


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MASKA BLUE FLEX DESIGNATION

HTB = HIGH TORQUE BELT

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5.5.8 Synchronous


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y

belts manufacturers

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5 6 Synchronous belt pulleys


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5.6 Synchronous belt pulleys

TIMING PULLEYSH.T.D. SPROCKETS

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5 7 Synchronous Belt Pulleys


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Sheaves come in several forms, being eitherblock(B), webbed (W) orarm design (A), depending on

the outside diameter.

Ar

m

WebbedBlock

5.7 Synchronous Belt Pulleys

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Selection of Flanged Pulleys


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On synchronous drives, the minimum flanging requirement aretwo flanges on the smaller pulley or one flange on each pulley atthe opposite side.

When the center distance is more than 8 times the diameter ofthe small pulley, both pulleys should be flanged.

On every vertical shaft drive, one pulley should be flanged onboth sides and the other pulley should be flanged on the bottomside.

For multiple drive applications, any other additional pulley thanthe two existing should have two flanges or at least one flangeon the opposite side.

Selection of Flanged Pulleys

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H.T.D. Sprockets


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P24-8M-30-JAP = PULLEY

p

- Part # designation

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5 8 Synchronous Drive (Pulleys)


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The smaller pulley must have at least sixteeth in mesh with the belt to respect

standard HP rating.

The belt width should not exceed the pulleydiameter.

6500 feet per minute max. rim speed.

5.8 Synchronous Drive (Pulleys)

Documents

Maska Training M1 Ver1