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People will do to you exactly what they did to me.—Jesus to his disciples (John 15:21, Contemporary English Version)
We share in the terrible sufferings of Christ.—Apostle Paul (2 Corinthians 1:5, Contemporary English Version)
I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and forthe witness they had borne. . . And I heard the number of the sealed: 144,000.
—Revelation 6:9, 7:4, RSV; Sealing of the Martyrs
Martyrdom is a charism of the Spirit.—C. H. Pinnock, Flame of love: a theology of the Holy Spirit, 1996
Part 4
MARTYROLOGYThe demographics of Christian martyrdom, AD 33–AD 2001
Demographics is both a science and an art. Part 4 applies thisknowledge to a startling phenomenon: the killings of 70 mil-lion Christians across the centuries and in every country. Thedata are sufficiently dense, detailed, and incontrovertible thatthis Part arrives at firm totals and trends. Even ongoing ratesof martyrdom are calculated, which bishops, evangelists, for-eign missionaries, clergy, church leaders, as well as layper-sons should be prepared to face.
The demographics of Christian martyrdom, AD 33-AD 2001
Key to 56 worst martyrdom situations
= over 100,000 martyrs each= over 500,000 martyrs each= over 1,000,000 martyrs each
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TOTAL PERSONS, AD 33-2000All persons born since AD 33: 36,673 millionAll persons evangelized since AD 33: 12,105 million (33% of human race)All Christians since AD 33: 8,344 million (23% of human race)All martyrs killed since AD 33: 69,420,000Martyrs as % all Christians ever: 0.8%Martyrs among all Christians leaders ever: 2.0%
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW, AD 33-2000600 major martyrdom situations over 20 centuries
76 with over 100,000 martyrs each27 with over 500,000 martyrs each15 with over 1 million martyrs each
Average martyrs per martyrdom situation: 115,000Martyrdom loci: in 220 countriesEcclesiastical traditions involved: all 300Denominations with own martyrs: 4,000
Graphic 4-1. Location of the 76 worst situations of mass martyrdom in Christian history(all with over 100,000 martyrs each).
Key to 76 worst martyrdom situations
AN OVERVIEW OF MARTYRDOM
This section of the survey presents the evidence forthe startling conclusion that, over the 20 centuries ofthe Christian faith, some 70 million Christians havebeen murdered for that faith and hence are calledmartyrs. And this number continues to grow in thenew Millennium as over 400 new martyrs are beingkilled every day. The whole situation is summarizedon a single sheet in Global Diagram 16 (in Part 1). Partof that diagram is shown here in Graphic 4-1 to theright.
Christian vs. non-Christian martyrsAll religions have their own lists of martyrs. In theircases the term means ‘members of our religion whohave been killed for it’. A survey of human historyreveals a large number of such martyrdom situationswhere hundreds, thousands, or on numerous occa-sions, millions of individuals have been killed be-cause of their religion. Examples from the 20th cen-tury include the Jewish holocaust in Germany, theMuslim-Hindu wars since India’s Partition in 1947,current Hindu-Sikh fighting in northern India, andthe torture and murder of Confucianists under Com-munist Chinese rule. Throughout history, ethnic re-ligionists have also suffered ‘martyrdom’ under theinvasion of foreign peoples.
Martyrdom is even desired under certain circum-stances. The role of Japanese kamikazes in World WarII served this purpose, and certain fundamentalistMuslims deliberately fought to their deaths in theIran/Iraq Persian Gulf War in the early 1980s.
A brief summary table of all such martyrdoms isgiven below in Table 4–1. The rest of this survey willthen focus on Christian martyrdom.
Origin of the word ‘martyr’The English word ‘martyr’ is derived from the Greekmartys, which carries the meaning ‘witness’ in Eng-lish. In New Testament usage, it meant ‘a witness tothe resurrection of Christ’. This witness resulted sofrequently in death that by the end of the first cen-tury martys had come to mean a Christian who wit-nessed to Christ by his or her death. This enlargedmeaning has become the accepted norm throughoutchurch history.
Definition of termsFor the purposes of this volume’s primarily quanti-tative analysis of martyrdom, Christian martyrs aredefined as ‘believers in Christ who have lost theirlives prematurely, in situations of witness, as a resultof human hostility.’ This definition has 5 essential andindeed indispensable elements which can be statedas follows:1. ‘Believers in Christ’. These individuals include theentire Christian community including professingChristians, crypto-Christians, affiliated Christians,and unaffiliated Christians. In AD 2000, some 2.0 bil-lion individuals match this description, and since thetime of Christ over 8.3 billion have believed in Christ.2. ‘Lost their lives’. Our definition is restricted to Chris-tians actually put to death, for whatever reason.
Islam Muslim martyrs 80 millionChristianity Christian martyrs 70 millionHinduism Hindu martyrs 20 millionBuddhism Buddhist martyrs 10 millionJudaism Jewish martyrs 9 millionEthnoreligions Ethnic martyrs 6 millionSikhism Sikh martyrs 2 millionBaha’i Baha’i martyrs 1 millionOther religions Other religious martyrs 5 million
All religions Total religious martyrs 203 million
Table 4–1. Martyrdom in world religionssince each’s origin.
228 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
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6 7
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4 5
8 9
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14
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CHRIST HISTORICIZED
CHRIST THREE-DIMENSIONALIZED
CHRIST UPLIFTED
Jesus the Faithful and True Martys(Martys is the Greek word for witness or martyr: see Revelation 3:14)
(see captions on facing page, bottom left)
CHRIST AUTHENTICATED CHRIST MULTIPLIED
CHRIST REGNANT
CHRIST ACCURSED CHRIST MOCKED
CHRIST POPULARIZED
CHRIST DESTROYED
CHRIST REVILED
CHRIST AUCTIONED
CHRIST FOR SALE
CHRIST EXHIBITED
CHRIST SACRIFICED
CHRIST ROMANTICIZED
1
15
MARTYROLOGY 229
Ref. Name in Mark’s Gospel Other names Martyred How died Place Country1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a. The Twelve Apostles1 Simon Peter Cephas (Rock) AD 64 Crucified Rome Italy2 James son of Zebedee Boanerges (Son of Thunder) 44 Beheaded Jerusalem Palestine3 John Boanerges The Beloved Disciple 96 Boiled in oil Ephesus Turkey4 Andrew Andrea 69 Crucified Patras Greece5 Philip – 60 Hanged Hierapolis Turkey6 Bartholomew Nathanael, son of Ptolemy 68 Crucified Albana Armenia7 Matthew Levi 70 Stabbed Nubia Ethiopia8 Thomas Didymus (Twin) 82 Speared Mylapore India9 James the Less The Younger; son of Alphaeus 54 Stoned Jerusalem Palestine
10 Judas Thaddeus Lebbaeus; son of James; Addai 66 Clubbed Ardaze Turkey11 Simon Zelotes The Zealot; the Canaanean 61 Crucified Suanir Iran12 Judas Iscariot Man of Kerioth; Assassin 33 (Suicide) Jerusalem Palestine
b. Other NT apostles Matthias Mattaniah 64 Burned Axum EthiopiaPaul Saul of Tarsus 64 Beheaded Rome ItalyBarnabas Joseph; Son of Consolation 61 Stoned Salamis CyprusMark the Evangelist John Mark 68 Trampled Alexandria EgyptJames the Just The Brother of the Lord 62 Stoned Jerusalem PalestineLuke the Evangelist The Good Physician 91 Hanged Rome ItalyTimothy Bishop of Ephesus 90 Beheaded Ephesus Turkey
c. Others of unknown fateThese 5 are: Andronicus, Apollos, Epaphroditus, Junia, Silas (Silvanus).
The New Testament records the selection and subsequentministries of the Twelve Apostles. Strong traditions exist thatall were subsequently martyred for Christ, though the NT onlyrecords this for James son of Zebedee (Acts 12:2). The tablebelow records what is known of the most likely fate of (a) each
of the Twelve; (b) the 7 others named apostolos in the NTwhose fate is partly known; and (c) the 5 others named apos-tolos in the NT about whose subsequent fate nothing what-ever is known.
Table 4–2. Martyrdoms of The Twelve Apostles and of 12 other New Testament apostles.
TOTAL PERSONS, AD 33-2000All persons born since AD 33: 36,673 millionAll persons evangelized since AD 33: 12,105 million (33%
of human race)All Christians since AD 33: 8,344 million (23% of human
race)All martyrs killed since AD 33: 69,420,000 Martyrs as % all Christians ever: 0.8%Martyrs among all Christian leaders ever: 2.0%
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW, AD 33-2000600 major martyrdom situations over 20 centuries
76 with over 100,000 martyrs each27 with over 500,000 martyrs each15 with over 1 million martyrs each
Average martyrs per martyrdom situation: 115,000Martyrdom loci: in 220 countriesEcclesiastical traditions involved: all 300Denominations with own martyrs: 4,000
CONFESSION OF VICTIMS, AD 33-2000(total martyrs of each tradition)
Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,798,000Russian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,626,400East Syrians (Nestorians) . . . . . . . . . 12,379,000Ukrainian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500,000Gregorians (Armenian Apostolic) . . . . 1,215,100
Roman Catholic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,210,000Catholics (before AD 1000) . . . . . . . . 855,000
Independents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,512,000Protestants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,172,000Anglicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,000Marginal Christians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,700other and background martyrs . . . . . . . . 6,675,700
Total all martyrs 69,420,000
PERSECUTORS AND THEIR VICTIMS,AD 33-2000
Persecutors responsible MartyrsState ruling power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,871,000Atheists (overlap with above) . . . . . . . . . 31,689,000Muslims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,121,000Ethnoreligionists (animists) . . . . . . . . . . . 7,469,000Roman Catholics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,171,000Quasi-religionists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712,000Buddhists (Mahayana) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,651,000Hindus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676,000Zoroastrians (Parsis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384,000Eastern Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222,000Other non-Christians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,000Other Christians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,000SUBTOTALS:Non-Christian persecutors . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,882,000Christian persecutors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,538,000
Total all martyrs 69,420,000
Table 4–3. Global overview of Christianmartyrdom, AD 2000.
3. ‘Prematurely’. This word is important. Martyrdomis a disruption—sudden, abrupt, unexpected, un-wanted.4. ‘In situations of witness’. This phrase incorporatesthe original heart of the etymology. However, “wit-ness” in this definition does not mean only public tes-timony or proclamation concerning the Risen Christ.It refers to the entire lifestyle and way of life of theChristian believer, whether or not he or she is activelyproclaiming at the time of being killed. In this senseall Great Commission Christians, committed toChrist’s mission as by definition they are, are ‘wit-nesses’ to the Lordship of the Risen Christ daily andcontinuously, whether consciously or unknowingly.5. ‘As a result of human hostility’. This last element isthe crucial one. It excludes deaths through accidents,crashes, earthquakes and other ‘acts of God’, illnesses,or other causes of death however tragic.
An important point to note is what this definitionomits. The most important item omitted is a criterionconsidered essential by churches in their martyrolo-gies—’heroic sanctity’, by which is meant saintly lifeand fearless stance. Those are certainly essential fora martyrology if it is to have compelling educationaland inspirational value for church members underpersecution and in particular for new converts. Heroicsanctity is however not essential to our definition be-cause many Christians have been killed shortly aftertheir conversion and before they had any chance todevelop Christian character, holiness, or courage.
SITUATION BY AD 2000 (P.A.= PER YEAR)Martyrs in 20th century (1900-2000): . . . 45,400,000 Martyrs since 1950: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,300,000Average annual martyrs since 1950: . . . 278,000 p.a.Recent annual martyrs: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171,000 p.a.Current annual martyrs: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,000 p.a.Countries heavily involved in AD 2000: . 50
CONFESSION OF VICTIMS, AD 2000(average annual martyrdom rates)
Roman Catholics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,000Protestants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,000Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,000Non-White indigenous Christians . . . . . . 10,000Anglicans and Old Catholics . . . . . . . . . . 8,000Marginal Protestants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000
Total martyrs p.a 160,000
LIKELIHOOD (L%) OF BEING MARTYRED(at current rates)
Full-time workers L% Per yearBishops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 . . . . . . . . 15Evangelists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 . . . . . . . . 133Catechists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 . . . . . . . . 175Foreign missionaries . . . . . . . . 3.0 . . . . . . . . 131Clergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 . . . . . . . . 303All Christian workers . . . . . . . . 2.0 . . . . . . . . 1,700Monks, brothers . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 . . . . . . . . 63Sisters, nuns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 . . . . . . . . 300Other Christians:Great Commission Christians . . 1.6 . . . . . . . . 80,000Christians (all kinds) . . . . . . . . . 1.0 . . . . . . . .160,000
Jesus the Faithful and True Martys(captions for photo collage opposite)
1. Christ popularized. Public yearly enactment of Jesus carrying hisCross to Calvary (Mexico, and throughout Latin America).
2. Christ historicized. 3-dimensional tableau of Crucifixion, EinsiedelnAbbey (Switzerland).
3. Christ three-dimensionalized. Argentina’s Roman Catholic bish-ops use life-size crucified Christ.
4. Christ regnant. ‘Christ Triumphant’ reigning from the Cross(Dogura, Papua).
5. Christ sacrificed. ‘Crucifixion’, Church of St Aidan, East Acton, UK(G. Sutherland).
6. Christ accursed. Christ bearing sins of the world (John Biggs).7. Christ mocked. ‘Christ Crowned with Thorns’ (Hieronymus Bosch,
c1510).8. Christ exhibited. ‘Christ Exhibited’ (young woman artist Helina
Kom).9. Christ romanticized. Altarpiece by Raphael, Italian master.
10. Christ destroyed. A horrific crucifixion (Graham Sutherland),Church of St. Matthew, Northampton, UK.
11. Christ reviled. ‘Crucifixion’ (Herbert Seidel), in earlier East Ger-man atheist setting.
12. Christ uplifted. ‘Christ of Saint John of the Cross’ (Salvador Dali,1951).
13. Christ for sale. Sought after by buyers: ‘Crucifixion’ by Duccio diBuonisegna, c1300.
14. Christ auctioned. Christies of London auction that Duccio (shownhung on right) for highest price ever in 1976, £1,000,000.
15. Christ authenticated. Holy Shroud of Turin (Christ’s burial cloth)exhibited in Turin Cathedral, 1978.
16. Christ multiplied. Hill of Crosses in Lithuania, expanded dailythroughout 46-year occupation by atheist USSR.
THE CHRISTIAN UNDERSTANDING OF MARTYRS
The fate of the Twelve ApostlesThe New Testament records how the Risen Christgave his disciples the Great Commission, and de-scribes a few early cases of their obedience. But noth-ing is said about their ultimate fate as global mis-sionaries. The murder of only one of the Twelve isrecorded, that of James in AD 44 (Acts 12:2). But his-torical traditions, some strong, some weak, recordthat they all died as martyrs. Table 4–2 sets out thissituation.
Since recording these martyrdoms was relativelyunimportant in the early church, this should alert usto the proper significance to be attached to martyr-dom. God evidently calls a number of his disciplesto experience death as martyrs, but no additional sal-vation or pre-eminence in the Kingdom of God nec-essarily results. Their obedience however advancedthe spread of the gospel across the world.
Martyrdom not exclusively an early Christian phe-nomenon
When most Christians hear the word ‘martyr’ theytend to think of the Roman persecution of early Chris-tians. The Ecclesia Martyrum or Church of the Mar-tyrs is often thought to refer only to the earliest pe-riod of church history, the 10 imperial Romanpersecutions. This is not the case. Martyrdom insteadis considered to be the ‘common fate which theChurch shares with its Lord’. Our survey of individ-ual martyrs and of martyrdom situations reveals astartling fact: martyrdom is a consistent feature ofchurch history and occurs in every Christian tradi-tion and confession. This is evident in Tables 4-3 and4-4, and is documented in detail later in Table 4–10.The rate of martyrdom across the world throughoutthe ages has been a remarkably constant 0.8%. Oneout of every 120 Christians in the past has been mar-tyred, or in the future is likely to so be.
Martyrdom in Bible and churchThe Christian view of martyr developed in the con-text of actual martyrdoms in the first and second cen-turies after Christ. Martyrdom came about becauseof persecution and resulted in a death that was in it-self a witness for Christ. In the early church the ideadeveloped that it was not enough to be called a Chris-tian, one had to show some proof. That proof wasnormally some kind of verbal acknowledgement ofidentification with Christ, starting with the confes-sion ‘Jesus is Lord.’ Baumeister writes: ‘Dying be-cause one is a Christian is the action par excellencein which the disciple who is called to this confirmshis or her faith by following the example of Jesus’ suf-fering and through action is able once again to be-come a word with power to speak to others’. Even-tually confessors were distinguished from martyrs.
The first Christian document to have martyrdomas its exclusive subject was the letter written by theChristians of Smyrna describing the martyrdom oftheir bishop Polycarp. One key concept in this letter,important to our understanding of martyrdom, is thefact that Polycarp’s death validated his discipleship—he followed his master unto death.
Justin Martyr took the subject of martyrdom fur-ther, portraying the martyr as the holder of truth, will-ing to die because of its value.
230 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
Non-Christian persecutors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Atheists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 31,689,000 –Buddhists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1,651,000 –Confucianists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 3,000 –Ethnoreligionists (pagans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T 7,469,000 –Hindus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 676,000 –Jews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 60,100 –Manicheans (Gnostics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g 10,000 –Muslims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M 9,121,000 –Quasireligionists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y 2,712,000 –Shintoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 17,000 –Spiritists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U 25,000 –state ruling power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x 55,871,000 –Zoroastrians (Parsis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z 384,000 –other and background killers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,675,700 –
Christian persecutors and/or victims . . . . . . . . .African Independent pentecostals . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-3pA 6,700Anabaptists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Ana 34,000Anglicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 53,400 A- 1,046,000Apostolic era (AD 30-75) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Aps 15,400Arians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n 14,500 – 1,000Armenian Apostolic (Gregorian) . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Arm 1,215,000Baptists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Bap 704,000Belorussian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Bye 670,000Bulgarian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Bul 112,000Byzantines (before 1000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O 222,000 O-Byz 1,527,000Cathari/Albigensians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Alg 20,000Catholics (before AD 1000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R 57,000 R-Lat 855,000Celts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 A-Cel 53,500Chaldean Catholics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 R-Cha 450Chinese house churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-3hC 700,000Congregationalists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Con 2,200Coptic Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Cop 1,068,000Czech Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Cze 15,000Disciples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Dis 4,000Donatists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Don 24,000East Syrians (Nestorians) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Nes 12,379,000Eastern Orthodox (after 1000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O- 42,773,000Ethiopian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Eth 651,000Georgian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Geo 210,000Independent Charismatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-3 1,889,000Independent Churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5,000 I- 3,512,000Jehovah’s Witnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 m-Jeh 6,700Latter-day Saints (Mormons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m 10 m-LdS 30Lollards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Lol 100Lutherans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Lut 987,000Maronites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 R-Mar 152,700Marranos, Moriscos, Messianic, Jewish-Christian – 0 I-Jew 21,500Melkites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 R-Mel 30Messianic Jewish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-3mJ 1,000,000Montanists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Mon 2,000Moravians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Mor 6,000Old Believers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-OBe 3,200Paulicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Pau 100,000Pentecostals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Pen 1,021,000Presbyterians/Reformed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 P-Ref 210,000Protestants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P 16,200 P- 3,172,000Quakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Qua 500Quasi-Christians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-qCh 1,000,000Roman Catholics (after 1000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R 5,171,000 R- 11,355,000Russian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Rus 21,626,000Romanian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Rum 16,000Serbian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Ser 350,000Ukrainian Orthodox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Ukr 3,500,000Waldensians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 I-Wal 6,100West Syrians (Jacobites) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0 O-Syr 351,000other and background martyrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – 6,675,700
Religionists As persecutors As victims
Code Martyrs Code Martyrs1 2 3 4 5
Table 4–5. Persecutors and martyrs: 60 religious traditions and their related Christianmartyrs, AD 33-2000.
assassinated . . . . . . . 3annihilated . . . . . . . . . 7attacked during sleep 5bayoneted . . . . . . . . . 7beaten to death . . . . . 7beheaded . . . . . . . . . 4bled to death . . . . . . . 6boiled in oil . . . . . . . . 2blown up . . . . . . . . . . 5brainwashed to death 5broken on wheel . . . . 2buried alive . . . . . . . . 5burned at stake . . . . . 4buried in sand . . . . . . 4butchered . . . . . . . . . 9cannibalized . . . . . . . 3chemically killed . . . . . 8clubbed to death . . . . 6crucified . . . . . . . . . . . 4crushed to death . . . . 3cut to pieces . . . . . . . 7decapitated . . . . . . . . 4deprived of medication 7died after beating . . . . 8died after prison release 7died in custody . . . . . 5died in interrogation . . 4died in prison . . . . . . . 10died in slavery . . . . . . 6died of injuries . . . . . . 9died on release . . . . . 7died under torture . . . 6disemboweled . . . . . . 3dismembered . . . . . . . 5driven mad . . . . . . . . 6driven to suicide . . . . 3drowned . . . . . . . . . . . 7drugged to death . . . . 4eaten alive . . . . . . . . . 3eaten by piranhas . . . 3electrocuted . . . . . . . . 4electronically killed . . 2executed . . . . . . . . . . 4exposed to elements . 6frightened to death . . 4frozen to death . . . . . 8garroted . . . . . . . . . . . 4gassed . . . . . . . . . . . . 7gibbeted . . . . . . . . . . . 4guillotined . . . . . . . . . 4hacked to death . . . . . 8hanged . . . . . . . . . . . 6hanged upside down . 3hunted to death . . . . . 4immolated . . . . . . . . . 4immured . . . . . . . . . . 2impaled . . . . . . . . . . . 4
injected . . . . . . . . . . . 5killed by contract . . . . 3killed by mob . . . . . . . 8killed extrajudicially . . 5killed during genocide 9killed with sword . . . . 9knifed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7lashed to death . . . . . 4left to die . . . . . . . . . . 6liquidated . . . . . . . . . . 7lowered into sewage . 9lynched . . . . . . . . . . . 4machine-gunned . . . . 6massacred . . . . . . . . . 8murdered . . . . . . . . . . 5mutilated to death . . . 4poisoned . . . . . . . . . . 4pushed under traffic . . 3pushed under train . . 3put to death . . . . . . . . 5quartered . . . . . . . . . . 3racked to death . . . . . 4roasted alive . . . . . . . 4run over by tank . . . . . 2run over by vehicle . . 4savaged by dogs . . . . 3savaged by wild animals 5sawed in two . . . . . . . 3shedding blood . . . . . 6shot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10shot by sniper . . . . . . 6slashed to death . . . . 7slaughtered . . . . . . . . 7speared to death . . . . 4stabbed to death . . . . 5starved to death . . . . . 10stoned . . . . . . . . . . . . 3strangled . . . . . . . . . . 4suffocated . . . . . . . . . 4targeted in war . . . . . . 5terrorized to death . . . 6throat slit . . . . . . . . . . 9thrown from aircraft . . 4thrown off building . . . 5thrown over cliff . . . . . 7thrown overboard . . . 8thrown to crocodiles . 3thrown to lions . . . . . . 4thrown to sharks . . . . 5tied behind vehicle . . . 4torched . . . . . . . . . . . 5torn apart by horses . 3tortured to death . . . . 5trampled to death . . . 4wiped out . . . . . . . . . . 6
Total . . . . . . . . . 70 million
Method Magnitude Method Magnitude
This table lists the whole variety of means and methods usedto kill Christian martyrs over the last 20 centuries. It thenestimates the totals so killed by each means, using the fol-lowing estimates of cases:
10 Over 10 million9 From 4-10 million8 From 2-4 million7 From 1-2 million6 500,000 to 1 million5 100,000 to 500,0004 10,000 to 100,0003 1,000 to 10,0002 100 to 1,0001 Under 100
Table 4–4. 112 methods used to kill 70million martyrs, AD 33-2000.
Why are there martyrs?According to Latin American radical theologianLeonardo Boff they exist for two reasons: (1) Chris-tians prefer to sacrifice their lives rather than to beunfaithful to their convictions and, (2) those that re-ject proclamation persecute, torture and kill. This gen-eral presence of evil in the world, combined withChristian devotion is at the root of martyrdom.
When we examine a list of martyrs down the ages,as comprehensive as is known today, some startlingfindings emerge. Table 4–3 provides a global sum-mary and overview. Table 4–5 analyses the grand to-tal of 70 million martyrs separated out by which non-Christian authorities are responsible, and also by theChristian traditions or confessions of the victims. Sur-prisingly, Christians themselves have been the per-secutors responsible for martyring 5,539,000 otherChristians.
Another startling fact is the viciousness of killershostile to Christians, Christianity, and Christian wit-ness. Table 4–4 has already presented a horrifying list-ing of 112 ways in which killers have murdered Chris-tians over the centuries.
The martyrdom of JesusJesus was the Christian martyr par excellence. It washe who provided the example for all Christian mar-tyrs since. It is important to understand the varyingreasons for his martyrdom. From the point of viewof the Pharisees he was being punished for blasphemyand contempt for the law. The Romans saw him as asubversive. His followers later understood his deathas a necessary price for the salvation of the world.Thus, the reasons Christians give to explain martyr-dom, even in the case of Jesus, are very complex.
The global presence of martyrsOur survey reveals that martyrs have died in the 138largest countries of the world. In many, the estab-lishment of the church was the result of mass mar-tyrdom. This was true in the early Roman empire, inArmenia, in Egypt, and in Palestine, and then subse-quently in India, China, France, Japan, Britain, VietNam, Korea, the Americas, and Russia and theUkraine.
The many different kinds of martyrsKarl Rahner expounds Thomas Aquinas’ dictum that‘Someone is a martyr through a death that is clearly
related to Christ if he is defending society against theattacks of its enemies who are trying to damage theChristian faith and if in this defense he suffers death’.
Edna McDonagh writes: ‘Christian martyrs do notdie solely even primarily for the sake of the Churchcommunity but for the kingdom which may be seek-ing expression and demanding recognition within thebounds of the historical Church, in causes not ex-plicitly religious’.
Following in the footsteps of Jesus, Christians havebeen martyred for all kinds of reasons. Though thehistory of martyrdom illustrates the vast variety ofreasons why Christians are martyred, Boff makes itclear that ‘All those who have died, and those yet todie, for these causes, regardless of their ideologicalallegiance, are truly martyrs through the spilling oftheir blood because they perform virtuous actions inthe spirit of Christ’.
Analyzing martyrdom situationsThe first way in which we can begin to understandthe phenomenon of multiple or mass martyrdom isto analyze their features and their overall significance.This can be done by describing each individual situ-ation by means of coded variables; this is done in
MARTYROLOGY 231
0 = no martyrs past or present1 = alien martyrs only (of an outside culture)2 = past martyrs of this people (over 3 generations ago)3 = one known recent protomartyr of this culture4 = several known recent martyrs of this culture5 = numerous martyrs but sporadic, local and under 0.1%
of Christians6 = moderate martyrdom (0.1%-0.9% of all Christians at
the time)7 = high martyrdom (1-9%)8 = severe martyrdom (10-49%)9 = intense martyrdom (50% or over)
10 = total martyrdom (100%; virtually every Christian wipedout)
Table 4–7. Incidence of martyrdom in acountry, city, or ethnolinguisticpeople.
0 = non-witnessing Christians (nominals, etc)Non-martyr witnesses (confessors)
1 = Christians witnessing, but not suffering or persecuted2 = witnesses suffering, persecuted, or tortured but not killed3 = witnesses wanting or seeking martyrdom but not succeeding
Martyrs (Involuntary or inadvertent)4 = died during or after imprisonment or torture for being a Christian5 = killed for outwardly non-religious reasons6 = killed for being part of a Christian body being persecuted7 = killed because known individually or collectively as a Christian
Martyrs (voluntary or deliberate)8 = killed after deliberately provoking hostility or seeking martyrdom9 = killed after making a formal public witness in a hostile situation
10 = publicly ordered to apostatize, refuses, confesses Christ, killed
0 = non-witnessing Christians. (This refers to latent, unaffiliated, nominal, non-practicing, non-suffering Christians).Non-martyr witnesses (confessors)
1 = Christians witnessing but not suffering or persecuted. (By far the largest grouping, 83% of all active Great CommissionChristians today, of whom 20% are harassed by state or society but not severely persecuted).
2 = witnesses persecuted but not killed. (The underground church, which in 1988 numbered 16% of all Christians, includ-ing those tortured or imprisoned). A. Solzhenitsyn, R. Wurmbrandt, G. Vins.
3 = witnesses seeking martyrdom but not succeeding. Pachomius, Anskar.Martyrs (involuntary or inadvertent)
4 = died during or after imprisonment. AD 254 Origen, 1920 abp Justin of Omsk, 1929 abp Peter of Voronezh, 1938metropolitan Anatole of Odessa.
5 = killed for outwardly nonreligious reasons. 1966 fr C. Torres, 1968 M. L. King Jr, 1977 abp J. Luwum.6 = killed for being part of a persecuted body. 1915, 600,000 Armenian Apostolics.7 = killed because known as a Christian. 1945 D. Bonhoeffer, M. Skobtsova, 1980 abp O. Romero.
Martyrs (voluntary or deliberate)8 = killed after deliberately seeking martyrdom. 628 Anastasius the Persian, 1531 Thomas Bilney, c1700 brother Markel &
Old Believer monks, 1795 Greek neomartyrs.9 = killed after formal public witness. 1941 fr M. Kolbe.
10 = killed after being offered reprieve but refusing. 33 Jesus, 36 Stephen, 64 Paul, 156 Polycarp, 1555 abp T. Cranmer.
In this table a variety of Christians together with a number ofwell-known martyrs are classified by type. To illustrate this ty-pology, first come 11 categories then these categories withprecise definitions. Then these categories are given again be-
low together with a small selection of some of the best-knownmartyrs or martyr situations (names and dates) who fit in andillustrate each category.
Table 4–6. Analysis of martyrs by 11 types of Christians.
Table 4–6. This provides a scale of varieties of mar-tyrs, coded 0-10, is designed primarily to help clas-sify individual martyrs. The scale provides a meansof classifying and comparing the various types or de-grees of martyrdom. It is descriptive, not evaluative.It describes circumstances, hence one cannot say thatindividuals killed in category 9 or 10 were better ormore faithful witnesses than persons in category 1,or 4, etc. Neither does our definition of ‘martyr’ nec-essarily imply holiness of life or character, nor the‘heroic sanctity’ that many Christian confessions re-quire before persons can be formally recognized assaints. Category 1 gives in fact the original meaningof the New Testament Greek word martys (see Acts1.8), but categories 0-3 are not properly called mar-tyrs in today’s English usage.
Another scale by which a country’s experience ofmartyrdom can be measured is shown in Table 4–7;this can also measure a city’s experience, or an eth-nic people’s experience.
Two more scales, this time describing each actualmartyrdom situation, are given in Table 4–8. Thewhole range of situations is given values for these lat-ter 2 variables in our major overall data compilation,Table 4–10, columns 9 and 10.
Background murders and martyrsAt this point before examining our major datatableon martyrdom, it is important to note that we ob-servers actually see only the tip of the iceberg, whilea vast number of other martyrdoms take place everyday, every week, every year, without anyone elsehearing about them. Part of this phenomenon istermed here background martyrdom. It is definedand described in Table 4–9, and will then be utilizedthroughout Table 4–10.
The impact of martyrdom on evangelizationIs there a correlation between martyrdom and evan-gelization? In some countries we find that martyr-dom was followed by church growth. A contempo-rary example is the church in China. In 1949 therewere only one million Christians. Forty years of anti-religious Communist rule produced some 1.2 millionmartyrs (see Table 4–10). The result: explosive churchgrowth to today’s 90 million believers.
The future of martyrdomWe might be tempted to believe that mankind willgradually grow out of its violent nature and that, per-haps one hundred years in the future, will no longerbe killing others, for whatever reason. However, thisis not likely to be the case. The future almost certainlyholds more martyrdom situations and the names ofindividual martyrs are likely to continue mounting
year after year at the same shocking rate of 160,000 ayear or even higher.
THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF MARTYRDOM
Our major compilation of data on Christian martyrsin all countries over the 20 centuries of Christian his-tory is contained in the World Evangelization Data-base. This can be directly accessed via the CD relatedto this survey, the World Christian database. In print,most of these data are contained here in several largetables: (a) Table 4–10 describing 600 major martyr-dom situations in 150 countries, AD 33-2000; (b) Table4–11 ‘Alphabetical listing of 2,500 known Christianmartyrs, AD 33-2000’; (c) Table 4–12 ‘Chronologicallisting of 2,500 known Christian martyrs, AD 33-2000’;and (d) Table 4–13 ‘Geographical listing of 2,500known Christian martyrs, AD 33-2000’.
The most significant and informative of these ta-bles in this Part 4 is Table 4–10, which will now be an-alyzed.
The 500 major martyrdom situations in historyTable 4–10 describes the whole extent of Christianmartyrdom and its martyrs—believers who have losttheir lives prematurely because of their faith in Christ,in situations of witness, as a result of human hostil-ity. The table lists a selection of the major or best-known martyr situations in the narrative of Chris-tianity, arranged by the 10 major epochs in Christianhistory (in capital letters), with overall totals andanalyses given at the end of each epoch. Names of arepresentative selection of 400 individual martyrs orgroups are given throughout the table in bold type.Note these abbreviations: bp = bishop, abp = arch-bishop, msgr = monsignor, fr = father/priest, br =brother/monk, sr = sister/nun.
Definitions, sources, and meanings of the 11columns and of the rows are appended in the fol-lowing paragraphs. These explanations, qualifica-tions and caveats must be carefully studied before thereader rushes into conclusions about the validity ofthe concept of martyrdom as presented here.
Briefly, note that column 5 = primary persecutingbody, column 6 = Christian tradition of those mar-tyred, column 7 = total martyrs as a result of that sit-uation, 7a (on CD only) = total related Christians then,8 = martyrdom ratio 7:7a as a percentage, 9 = mag-nitude of martyrs (code given in Index 1, Table 4–8),10 = intensity of martyrdom (code given in Index 2,Table 4–8), 11 = total all Christians worldwide aliveat that time, 11a = line number, for quick reference(on CD only).
For many dates, there are often many other well-
known martyrs too numerous to list in the table. Suchadditional names, numbering 2,500 individual mar-tyrs, are given in Tables 4-11, 4-12, and 4-13.
It must be remembered again that although thistable deals only with specifically Christian martyr-dom, similar tables could be drawn up for martyrs inJudaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and the othergreat religions. All share in this greatest of depriva-tions of human rights.
ANALYSIS OF ALL MARTYR SITUATIONS, AD 33-2000
Each of the 11 Epochs has its martyrdom situationstotaled and analyzed in the last 5 lines of each Epoch.Totals of all martyrs since AD 33 are then visible onthat 5th line.
Background martyrdomThis very significant aspect is enumerated for eachEpoch in its last line but two. As mentioned brieflyabove, the term ‘background martyrs’ refers to thecontinuous stream of Christians killed as isolated vic-tims or for individual reasons, usually without anyparticular ecclesiastical situation, often clouded byother kinds of violence (wars, killings, murders, etc).In such cases their ecclesiastical affiliation is eitherunknown or irrelevant. The term ‘background killers’refers to those responsible for these killings. For fullerdefinition, see Table 4–9; for numbers, see Table 4–10.
Some possible future scenariosThe rest of Table 4–10 after AD 2000 speculates onpossible futures. It draws on material in Part 2 “Cos-moChronology”. It is based (purely for purposes ofillustrating our method) on one of the possible sug-gested scenarios, namely with the 10-year End-timearbitrarily placed just after AD 2050, with a worldpopulation then of 8 billion and a church of 3 billion.Note that each of the lines anticipates not only thechurch having numerous martyrs but also, especiallyin the End-time, the church losing vast numbersthrough defections, apostasies, and non-martyrdeaths.
ESTABLISHING THEBOUNDARIES OF MARTYRDOM
Detailed final definitionsIn the light of the detailed data in Table 4–10, a reca-pitulation of the whole concept of martyrdom is inorder at this point.
This analysis sees the term ‘martyr’ primarily as areligious one and in particular as a Christian one. Weare looking at the phenomenon from the Christianpoint of view, as the Christian experiences it. The pri-mary thing is—a Christian has lost his or her life dueto human hostility. Who caused it, or in what hostilecircumstances, or for what motivation, are all sec-ondary.
The analysis therefore defines a ‘martyr’ as fol-lows.(i) Brief definition. A martyr is a Christian who loseshis or her life prematurely due to hostility because ofhis or her faith in Christ.(ii) Expanded definition. A martyr is a Christian wholoses his or her life prematurely in circumstances re-lated either directly or indirectly to witness to Christ,and as a result of human hostility or violence directedat him or her (but not simply as a result of naturalcauses, disease, famine, accident, warfare, or so-called
232 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
Martyrs of the First Millennium1. Apostle Simon the Zealot, AD 61.2. Apostle Jude (Thaddaeus), AD 66.3. Apostle Thomas, in India, AD 82.4. John on Patmos sees the 144,000 martyrs (Revelation 7,14).5. India postage stamp on Thomas’ 19th death centenary.6. ‘Diana or Christ?’ (by A. Long): sacrifice to gods or die.7. The 10,000 martyrs (AD 287, also AD 337), by Albrecht Dürer.8. ‘The Last Prayer’ (Gerome): by martyrs on crosses in Colosseum,Rome.9. Apostle John is boiled in oil as Emperor (left) watches, AD 95 (A. Durer,1496).
1 2 3
4
56
7
8
9
Martyrs of the First Millennium
MARTYROLOGY 233
Martyrs of the Second Millennium1. Murder in Canterbury Cathedral of archbishop Thomas Becket, 1170.2. 20 OFM missionaries are crucified in Nagasaki, Japan, 1597.3. Killing of bishop J.C. Patteson, Solomon Islands 1871.4. Baptist missionary cardiologist C.H. Yi and wife K.W. Yi murdered in
Khabarovsk, Russia, 1995.5. Bible translator William Tyndale burned at stake in Belgium, 1536.6. Murder of John Williams, New Hebrides, 1839.7. Charles de Foucauld, killed in Tamanrassset, Algeria, 1916.
8. Bible translator Romulo Saune, (center) executed in Peru by Maoists,1992.
9. Annual reenactment, martyrdom of prophet Simon Kimbangu by Bel-gian colonial authorities, 1951.
10. Assyrian Catholicos Mar Shimun XIX, killed by Turks, 1917.11. Jesuit pioneers Rudolf Acquaviva, companions killed in India, 1583.12. Catholic priest thrown into icy river by atheist mob, Croatia, 1970.13. Oscar Romero, archbishop in El Salvador, murdered in San Salvador
cathedral, 1980.
Martyrs of the Second Millennium
1 2
3
4 5
6
7
8
9
11 12 13
10
234 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
BELOW AVERAGE0 Under 0.1% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sporadic . . . . . . . . . . 156 599,2211 From 0.1 to under 0.2% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 543,6902 From 0.2 to under 0.5% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moderate . . . . . . . . . . 51 608,2643 From 0.5 to under 1% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1,482,670
ABOVE AVERAGE4 From 1 to under 2% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 1,438,2955 From 2 to under 5% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Severe . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4,066,5476 From 5 to under 10% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appalling . . . . . . . . . . 51 10,603,7117 From 10 to under 20% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catastrophic . . . . . . . 48 23,647,202
GENOCIDAL8 From 20 to under 50% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horrifying . . . . . . . . . . 57 13,451,1639 From 50 to under 90% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Terrifying . . . . . . . . . . 33 6,304,367
10 From 90 to under 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annihilating . . . . . . . . 1 400Background and other martyrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 6,675,700TOTAL 584 69,420,000
Index 2. Intensity of each martyrdom situation.
Intensity Martyrs as % local Persecution Situations Total Martyrs
10 Over 10 million martyrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 15,000,0009 From 4 million to 10 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13,000,0008 From 2 million to 4 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4,900,0007 From 1 million to 2 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9,300,0006 From 500,000 to 1 million . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7,070,0005 From 100,000 to 500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9,330,0004 From 10,000 to 100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 3,513,0003 From 1,000 to 10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 589,9002 From 100 to 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 40,3931 Under 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 2,237
Background and other martyrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 6,675,700TOTAL 584 69,420,000
Variety Description
Accidental martyrdom (Violence got out of control)Anonymous martyrdom (Nobody identifies the victims)Bounty martyrdom (Reward is offered and deliberate hunt
ensues)Contract martyrdom (A price is put on a Christian’s head)Criminal martyrdom (A killing breaks the law)Domestic martyrdom (Occurring during a family dispute)Family-related martyrdom (Such as new convert poisoned
by relatives)Indirect martyrdom (Death comes as indirect product of
hostility)Individual martyrdom (Killed without church involvement)Invisible martyrdom (Killers operate cautiously and out of
sight)Isolated martyrdom (No apparent cause or connection)Laundered martyrdom (A killing has been covered up)Marginal martyrdom (At the edges of our definition)Mistaken martyrdom (Wrong target is killed)Money-related martyrdom (To cover embezzlement or
theft)Petty martyrdom (Due to petty crime)Political martyrdom (Regime claims political justification)Quasi-martyrdom (Credentials as Christians appear un-
certain)Revenge martyrdom (Settling of old scores)Subsequent martyrdom (Victim survives immediate attack
but dies shortly after)Trivial martyrdom (Such as a killing during a robbery)Unconscious martyrdom (Nobody realizes what has hap-
pened except the victim)Unheralded martyrdom (Killers remain silent)Unintended martyrdom (Killing originally not planned)Unknown martyrdom (No reports ever surface)Unorganized martyrdom (No planning evident)
Table 4–9. Multiple varieties of back-ground martyrdom.
Index 1. Magnitude of each martyrdom situation.
Size Martyrs per situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Situations Total Martyrs
Table 4–8. Two persecution/martyrdom indexes, each of 10 levels of demographic martyr-dom as experienced by the local Christian community in each of the 500 majorhistorical martyrdom situations.
‘acts of God’ such as earthquakes, floods, etc; also ex-cluding suicide, self-immolation, and the like).(iii). Standard short definition. Our standardized sum-mary definition should now be given again, as fol-lows: A martyr is a believer in Christ, who loses his or herlife prematurely, in a situation of witness, as a result of hu-man hostility.The key words to remember and insist on, when ex-amining instances of possible martyrdom, are there-fore these 5 words, which can be posed as questions:
—believer—loses—prematurely—witness—hostility
If any of these 5 key words do not apply to particu-lar individuals or situations, then they should not becalled martyrs in this precise sense.(iv) An even more detailed definition. Our most complexdefinition sees a martyr as a Christian whose loyaltyand witness to Christ (as a witness to the fact ofChrist’s resurrection, and also as a legal witness to,and advocate for, the claims of Christ in God’s cos-mic lawsuit against the world) lead directly or indi-rectly to a confrontation or clash with hostile oppo-nents (either non-Christians, or Christians of anotherpersuasion) as a result of him or her either (1) beinga Christian, or (2) being part of a Christian body orcommunity, or (3) being a Christian worker, or (4)averring the truth of Christianity, or (5) holding tosome Christian tenet or principle or practice, or (6)holding to different Christian tenets to his or her op-ponents, or (7) speaking for Christ, or (8) refusing todeny Christ or his or her Christian convictions; whichthen results in violence and in him or her voluntar-ily or involuntarily losing his or her life prematurely(shedding his or her blood, being put to death, exe-cuted, assassinated, killed, stoned, clubbed to death,beheaded, guillotined, garroted, strangled, stabbed,eaten alive, gassed, injected, electrocuted, suffocated,boiled in oil, roasted alive, drowned, torched, burnedmassacred, crucified, lynched, hanged, shot, mur-dered, pushed under oncoming traffic, immured,buried alive, crushed to death, poisoned, drugged todeath, starved, deprived of medication, chemicallyor electronically killed, killed extrajudicially, died un-der torture, died after beatings, died in custody, diedin prison, died soon after release from prison, or al-lowed or left to die). Any of these may take place withor without prior demand or opportunity to recant.(See alphabetical listing in Table 4–4).
Note that (6) above means that most Christianskilled as alleged ‘heretics’ down the ages should cor-rectly be included in enumerations of martyrs. Item(3) above also includes Christian workers killed in
the line of duty, or on active duty, or who lose theirlives because they happen to be in the path of vio-lence (this includes workers killed by robbers, sol-diers, police, etc). Note also that our definition of de-mographic martyrdom includes and covers thosechildren and infants who lose their lives along withadult martyrs.
SourcesData for many of the situations listed in Table 4–10come from detailed entries in Part 2 “Cos-moChronology”, which should be consulted for ad-ditional details on any particular year and its context.
PercentagesTo give the reader an idea of the numerical signifi-cance of statistics of any particular martyrs or periodhe or she is interested, in, we produce in this tablevarious differently-defined sets of percentages: (a) fora particular occasion, number of martyrs divided bytotal Christians of that time and place and/or de-nomination; (b) martyrs divided by nation’s Christ-ian population; (c) martyrs over a long period dividedby total Christians alive at some median time duringthis period, as percent; and (d) martyrs per year di-vided by total Christian deaths (from all causes) peryear, as percent. Readers will find some of theseclearer or more helpful than others.
DESCRIPTION OF COLUMNS IN TABLE 4-10
The meaning of columns and rows in the major tablehere, Table 4–10, are as follows:
1. Year. Date of first martyrdoms in a collective mar-tyrdom situation, or of first or beginning of aprolonged series extending over either a few ormany subsequent years. Note: ‘c’ = approxi-mately.
2. Main locus. Place, country, or main area where sit-uation of persecution or martyrdoms occurred.The name here is always either a country (usingterminology of the time), or a continent or re-gion, or occasionally one of the historical patri-archal metropolises (Jerusalem, Alexandria,Rome, Byzantium/Constantinople).
3. Description of major martyrdom situation. Detailsof group of martyrs concerned, or persecution,or context, or circumstances, i.e. the situation inits main particulars.
4. Related individual martyrs. Listed here in the table
in bold type are a small selection of those per-sons whose names are known and whom thechurches officially, or popularly, regard as ‘mar-tyrs’ properly so-called. This includes manyknown exceptional individuals who died vol-untarily or publicly for their faith or for refus-ing to deny Christ. Many of these persons thusnamed died as bishops. They are placed at thenearest appropriate date, in most cases on linesdescribing situations of which their martyrdomsformed part. Their dates are given if differentfrom the line’s date. Names of additional knownor well-known martyrs are then given below inthe 3 full listings of all individuals in Tables 4-11, 4-12, and 4-13.
Abbreviations in this column: bp = bishop (not usedhere for the original Apostles, but only after AD100), abp = archbishop, msgr = monsignor(bishop), fr = father (a priest, noted and usedhere only from 1693 onwards), br =brother/monk, sr = sister/nun. Note: bps, abps,frs are the plural forms including all followingnames to next title or colon. Other similar titlesare left unabbreviated: pope, patriarch, abba,mar, rabban. The symbol & (ampersand) hereand throughout denotes persons martyred to-gether. The phrase ‘et alii’ (and others) denotesseveral or numerous additional similar martyrsat the same time and place.
SUMMARY OF TRADITIONS INVOLVED
The next 2 variables in Table 4–10 report quite dif-ferent characteristics: firstly, persecutors; and sec-ondly, the martyrs they persecute. These are set outin summary form in Table 4–5.
After these 2, there follow 4 variables reporting onthe size and intensity of martyrdom in each situation.
5. Persecutors. Primary persecuting body, either sec-ular or religious, or both (if 2 letters are given);i.e. the main persecutors of the martyrs described(in columns 3 and 4. There codes represent ei-ther (a) in the first half of the column, the stateor ruling regime (shown by ‘x’, or a dot ‘.’ mean-ing no state involvement); and (b) in the secondhalf of the column, any religious body respon-sible or involved in killing the martyrs, whichcan be either non-Christian religious bodies, orChristian bodies themselves, or a dot ‘.’ mean-ing no religious body is involved. In this column5 there are always 2 code characters, side by side.As just noted, the code ‘x’ stands for the state
MARTYROLOGY 235
secular, or other ruling power, civil or military(i.e. state involvement, excluding any temporaryor invading power); this category is widely usedhere in combination with another code; thus, ‘xa’means that the persecutors are the civil power(x) who are also expressly atheists (a)). The rangeis shown in Table 4–5.
6. Tradition of martyrs. Christian tradition, confes-sion, or communion primarily involved as vic-tims. The listing in Table 4–5 shows the variousChristian bodies, traditions, and confessions in-volved, and also the various non-Christian bod-ies involved. The codes used are identical tocodes for the 6 megablocs and 300 traditions asshown in Part 16 “GeoCodebook”.
7. Martyrs (numerical total). Estimated number ofChristian martyrs resulting from situation de-scribed in columns 1-3 of Table 4–10, defining‘martyrs’ as all persons in categories 4-10 on ourscale ‘Analysis of martyrs by 11 types’ in Table4–6. Note that in any situation of mass deaths orkilling of Christians, we do not automatically ornecessarily define the entire total who have beenkilled as martyrs, but only that fraction whosedeaths resulted from some form of Christianwitness, individual or collective. Thus under‘1095, Crusades’, our table does not equate ‘cru-saders’ with ‘martyrs’, but simply states thatduring the Crusades a number of zealous andoverzealous Christians were in fact martyred asdefined under ‘Definitions’ above. Likewise‘1980, Latin America’ does not count as martyrsall Christians who became victims of politicalkillings, but only those whose situations in-volved Christian witness. Typical illustrationsof the latter include the vast number of cases ofan entire congregation singing hymns as soldierslock their church’s doors and proceed to burn itto the ground with no survivors.
The database here includes a further variable, 7a,available in the related CD but not in this print book.
7a. Christians. Local Christian population in that yearand region, i.e. size of the related local Christianpopulation to which columns 1-7 refer. Some-times this means the total Christians in the coun-try, of all denominations; sometimes it refers toa denominational or local grouping only. (Note:The only 3 exceptions are: AD 378 and 1648,where the figures of 120 million and 3,371 mil-lion refer to all Christians who ever lived up tothat date; and AD 1697, where the figure refersto all Christians who have ever lived in Japanup to that date. They are shown in italics to in-dicate that they should not be included again inother totals or sub-totals).
8. MR%. In order to be able to assess and comparesituations and their severity, we can speak ofpercentages. There are 5 or 6 different types wecould use. Here, MR = martyrdom ratio for thisincident or period, i.e. the number of those mar-tyred as a percentage of the immediate Christ-ian community (= columns 7 divided by 7a,times 100%)
9. Magnitude. The scale used here to measure mag-nitude of a martyrdom situation is as shown inTable 4–8, Index 1.
10. Intensity. The scale used here to measure inten-sity of a martyrdom situation is as shown inTable 4–8, Index 2.
11. Global Christians. This end column gives the totalnumber of Christians of all types across theworld alive at that time (expressed in millions).
11a. Line. In the related CD, this column gives anidentification number to each line in the table,for quick reference.
ARRIVING AT GLOBAL TOTALS
World totals at the end of each EpochAt the end of each Epoch in Table 4–10, there are 5standardized lines referring to the world situationwith world totals at that time. These are as follows:
1. Total of martyrs listed above that line, during thatEpoch.
2. All other martyrdom situations, known or unknown,during that Epoch.
3. Background martyrdom during that Epoch (individ-ual, domestic, family, isolated; see Table 4–9).
4. Global total of all martyrs during that Epoch (sum of1, 2, 3).
5. Global cumulative total of all martyrs since AD 33.
Additional notes on these 5 lines are as follows.
1. Total of martyrs above. Column 7 here simply totalsall the martyrs enumerated in this column abovefor that Epoch.
2. All other martyrdom situations, known or unknown.This second line is self-explanatory, bearing inmind that all the most widely-known names ofmartyrs involved in the previous lines of situa-tions just documented are merely the tip of theiceberg. We estimate the overall numerical size
of the iceberg, however, by adding this line tocover all unknown or undocumented situations.
3. Background martyrdom. The term is used here tocover a whole range of very small or isolated orindividual situations, which can be termed non-ecclesiastical. They cover cases where a Christ-ian is killed as a result of human hostility butwhere the circumstances are nothing directly orimmediately to do with organized Christianity.These are set out in Table 4–9. Our general find-ing is that at every Epoch background martyr-doms of these kinds take place continually. Sincethey are largely isolated individual cases, usu-ally there is no ecclesiastical situation nor eccle-siastical significance—they are just victims ofbackground violence provoked further by Chris-tian witness.
4. Global total of all martyrs during Epoch. Column 7for this row gives total martyrs during the epoch,based on (a) total of all the specifically-namedand detailed martyrdom situations describedabove (which themselves represent only a se-lection of the major situations) plus (b) the lineimmediately above, just described, which as-sesses the background martyrdom situation.
5. Global cumulative total of all martyrs since AD 33.Column 7 for this fifth row gives the total of allmartyrs since the Crucifixion in AD 33, up to theyear shown.
NAMES OF INDIVIDUAL MARTYRS
The last 3 tables in this Part 4, Tables 4-11, 4-12, and4-13, now give names of some 2,500 individual mar-tyrs known to or recognized by one or more of thevarious Christian confessions and churches, or un-covered during the book’s independent research over35 years. They are here grouped firstly alphabetically,secondly chronologically, and thirdly by country.Many of those are individual or isolated martyrswhose deaths occurred outside major persecutionsor similar martyrdom situations reported in Table4–10. They are however summarized there at the endof each Epoch under the rubrics ‘All other martyr-dom situations, known or unknown’ and ‘Back-ground martyrdom’.
SummaryThis analysis has shown Christian martyrdom to bea phenomenon of enormous size and significance. Itsstatistics can be summarized in a single short table,and this has been done in Table 4–3 above.
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New martyrs of the Turkish yoke. Seattle, WA: St. NectariosPress, 1985. 409p.
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Persecution and destruction of the Ukrainian Church by the
MARTYROLOGY 237
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Slovak bishops: martyrs of Christ. T. J. Zubek. Toronto: Cana-dian Slovak League, 1963. 16p.
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The age of martyrs: Christianity from Diocletian to Constantine.G. Ricciotti. Trans., A. Bull. Milwaukee, WI: Bruce Publish-ing Co., 1959.
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‘The “Croatian Christian martyrs”,’ East Europe, 23 (August1974), 12–15.
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The good spirit of the martyrs revived. E. Hookes. London: J.Marshall, 1718.
The hero of Auschwitz. Franciscan Friars of Marytown (eds). :Prow Books-Franciscan, 1979.
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The history of Christian martyrdom. F. W. Blagdon. Philadel-phia: D. W. Farrand, 1814.
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The priest who had to die: the tragedy of Father Jerzy
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s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xJ
O-Gre
30,0
0015
.04
71.
415
0A
sia
Min
orM
inor
per
secu
tion
(Ant
onin
us P
ius)
; 15
6 bp
Po
lyca
rp,
Fel
icit
us
Ale
xan
der
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
R-Cat
300
0.1
20
1.9
165
Rom
an E
mpi
re4t
h Im
peri
al P
erse
cutio
n (M
arcu
s A
urel
ius)
: Ju
stin
Mar
tyr
& 5
oth
ers,
Fel
icit
y, 1
78 M
arce
llus.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Cat
4,00
00.
13
12.
517
7F
ranc
eV
iole
nt p
erse
cutio
n in
Lyo
ns a
nd V
ienn
e; b
p P
oth
inu
s, B
lan
din
a, P
on
ticu
s; 4
9 of
ficia
l mar
tyrs
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Cat
300
1.0
24
3.1
180
Car
thag
eA
fric
an m
arty
rs,
in N
umid
ia:
12 S
cilli
tan
s, 4
Mad
aura
ns
(Lu
cita
s, M
igg
in,
Nam
ph
ano
, S
anam
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Cat
100
0.0
20
3.3
190
Phr
ygia
Pro
trac
ted
pers
ecut
ion
of M
onta
nist
zea
lots
, al
so o
f Arm
enia
n A
post
olic
Chr
istia
ns in
clud
ing
in 1
93 p
atri
arch
Gh
evo
nd
ius.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
I-Mon
2,00
02.
03
53.
9c2
00E
gypt
Vic
ious
per
secu
tion
with
tho
usan
ds o
f C
opts
mar
tyre
d: 2
02 P
ota
mia
ena,
Bas
ilid
es..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Cop
10,0
001.
74
44.
720
2N
orth
Afr
ica
5th
Impe
rial
Per
secu
tion
(Sep
timiu
s S
ever
us);
Per
pet
ua,
Fel
icit
as,S
atu
rus;
Leo
nid
as,
fath
er o
f O
rige
n, in
Ale
xand
ria;
Iren
aeu
sbp
of
Lyon
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Cat
30,0
003.
04
54.
823
5Ita
ly6t
h Im
peri
al P
erse
cutio
n (M
axim
inus
Thr
ax);
cle
rgy
sing
led
out;
antip
ope
Hip
po
lytu
s,D
emet
riu
s; p
ope
Po
nti
anin
min
es o
f S
ardi
nia.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Cat
3,00
00.
63
36.
924
0A
rmen
iaA
rmen
ian
Chr
istia
ns a
lmos
t bl
otte
d ou
t in
Sha
pur
I’s p
erse
cutio
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xg
O-Arm
10,0
005.
64
67.
224
5A
lexa
ndri
aV
iole
nt lo
cal p
erse
cutio
n w
ith t
hous
ands
of
Cop
ts k
illed
, in
clud
ing
aged
dea
cone
ss A
pp
olo
nia
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
O-Cop
2,00
02.
03
57.
724
9R
oman
Em
pire
7th
Impe
rial
Per
secu
tion
(Dec
ius)
; 25
0 po
pe F
abia
n,
patr
iarc
h B
abyl
as;
253
pope
Co
rnel
ius,
255
pop
e S
tep
hen
I; m
ob r
iots
in A
lexa
ndri
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Cat
120,
000
1.0
54
8.0
257
Rom
an E
mpi
re8t
h Im
peri
al P
erse
cutio
n (V
aler
ian)
; 25
8 bp
Cyp
rian
, po
pe S
ixtu
s II,
riv
al p
ope
Nov
atia
n;
bp D
enys
behe
aded
; m
any
cler
gy (
Mo
nta
nu
s,L
uci
us)
exe
cute
d..
. .
. .
. x.
R-Cat
150,
000
1.2
54
8.7
275
Eur
ope
9th
Impe
rial
Per
secu
tion
(Aur
elia
n);
mar
tyrs
in P
hryg
ia,
Italy
; 27
8 M
arin
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Cat
5,00
00.
03
010
.627
6P
ersi
aF
irst
Per
sian
Per
secu
tion,
und
er s
hah
Var
ahra
n II:
275
her
esia
rch
Man
i cru
cifie
d, 2
86 C
hris
tian
quee
n C
and
ida
exec
uted
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xZ
O-Nes
4,00
00.
03
010
.828
4E
gypt
AD
284
-311
: C
optic
’Era
of
the
Mar
tyrs
’: in
firs
t ph
ase,
50,
000
mar
tyrs
by
AD
300
, th
en in
sec
ond
phas
e (s
ee o
n A
D 3
05 b
elow
), v
ast
incr
ease
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Cop
50,0
005.
64
611
.828
7G
aul
Mar
tyrs
of A
gaun
um:
Th
eban
Leg
ion
(Cop
ts)
all e
xecu
ted
by e
mpe
ror
Max
imia
n H
ercu
lius:
Mau
rice
,Urs
,Vic
tor,
Exu
per
ius,
Can
did
us.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Cop
5,00
083
.33
912
.128
7A
rmen
iaM
ajor
per
secu
tion
unde
r pa
gan
king
Tir
idat
es I
II; a
bbes
s G
ayan
e, H
rip
sim
e, 3
7 vi
rgin
s, T
heo
do
re S
alah
ou
ni.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Arm
20,0
008.
04
612
.130
3R
oman
Em
pire
10th
Im
peri
al P
erse
cutio
n (D
iocl
etia
n);
3,50
0 fo
rmal
or
offic
ial e
xecu
tions
of
bish
ops,
cle
rgy,
lead
ers:
bp
An
thim
us
of
Nic
om
edia
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Cat
300,
000
1.6
54
14.3
304
Car
thag
eA
cts
of t
he A
bitin
ian
Mar
tyrs
as p
roto
-Don
atis
t ac
coun
t pr
ovok
es la
ter
Don
atis
t ch
urch
’s s
chis
m;
Max
ima,
Do
nat
illa,
Sec
un
da
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
I-Don
3,00
05.
03
614
.430
5E
gypt
Ove
r 70
0,00
0 C
optic
Chr
istia
ns k
illed
(50
% o
f al
l mar
tyrs
eve
r):
Men
asgo
vern
or o
f M
areo
tis b
ehea
ded;
311
pat
riar
ch P
eter
I Ie
rom
arty
ros
(Sea
l of
Mar
tyrs
)..
. .
. x.
O-Cop
400,
000
26.7
58
14.4
316
Arm
enia
Lici
nius
’per
secu
tion:
bp
Bla
ize,
320
Th
e F
ort
y M
arty
rs o
f S
ebas
tia;
4 p
atri
arch
s: 3
33 A
rist
akes
I, 3
47 H
ou
ssik
I&
Dan
iel,
373
cath
olic
os N
erse
s I.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Arm
2,00
00.
73
315
.431
7N
orth
Afr
ica
Con
stan
tine
initi
ates
4-y
ear
stat
e pe
rsec
utio
n of
Don
atis
ts;
who
le c
ongr
egat
ion
in C
arth
age’
s B
asili
ca M
aior
um s
laug
hter
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
I-Don
10,0
0020
.04
815
.532
7P
ersi
aS
assa
nid
pers
ecut
ions
kill
3 c
atho
licos
es:
341
Sim
eon
Bar
sab
aew
ith 1
00 c
lerg
y, 3
42 S
hah
do
st,
346
Bar
bas
hm
in;
also
pre
fect
Pu
sak
& 1
00 c
lerg
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
O-Nes
20,0
001.
74
416
.433
7P
ersi
aG
reat
Per
sian
Per
secu
tion
unde
r S
hapu
r II,
last
s 40
yea
rs,
mos
t fe
roci
ous
ever
; 16
,000
nam
es o
f m
arty
rs r
ecor
ded
in o
ne t
own
alon
e (L
edan
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
O-Nes
100,
000
10.0
57
17.4
338
Egy
ptA
fter
patr
iarc
h A
than
asiu
s’re
turn
, Ari
ans
mas
sacr
e C
opts
and
cle
rgy
in A
lexa
ndri
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.n
O-Cop
500
0.0
20
17.5
346
Nor
th A
fric
aV
icio
us p
erse
cutio
n of
Don
atis
t ch
urch
(B
erbe
rs,
with
270
bis
hops
); 3
47 b
ps M
arcu
lus,
Do
nat
us
of
Bag
ai;
who
le s
hipl
oad
of D
onat
ists
dro
wne
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
I-Don
8,00
00.
73
318
.437
0N
umid
iaC
ircum
celli
ons,
arm
ed B
erbe
r fa
rmer
s, c
ourt
mar
tyrd
om a
s D
onat
ists
; ci
vil u
nres
t: 39
8, b
p O
pta
tus
of T
ham
ugod
i exe
cute
d; c
ivil
unre
st,
new
wav
e in
404
-5.
. .
. .
. xR
I-Don
3,00
010
.03
721
.237
2E
gypt
Afte
r pa
tria
rch
Pet
er I
I su
ccee
ds A
than
asiu
s, v
iole
nt A
rian
per
secu
tion
of C
opts
aid
ed b
y em
pero
r V
alen
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xn
O-Cop
4,00
00.
23
121
.537
8W
orld
Jero
me’
s es
timat
e of
all
mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3 (o
ver
50%
bei
ng C
opts
); A
D 4
26,
sim
ilar
estim
ate
by A
ugus
tine
of H
ippo
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
––
1,90
0,00
01.
27
422
.239
0R
ome
Unr
est
up t
o 41
0 V
isig
oth
sack
of
Rom
e; 3
91 T
elem
ach
us,
410
Mar
cella
, c4
20 t
ribu
ne M
.Fla
viu
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
R-Cat
10,0
005.
04
623
.942
0P
ersi
a3r
d P
ersi
an P
erse
cutio
n, u
nder
Bah
ram
V;
422
Ho
rmis
das
; C
ho
uch
anik
, S
uen
as,
Ben
jam
in,
Jam
es,
Per
oz.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xZ
O-Nes
90,0
006.
94
627
.443
4W
este
rn E
mpi
reA
ttila
the
Hun
des
troy
s W
este
rn e
mpi
re;
bp A
ura
eus,
Urs
ula
& v
irgin
s, G
ereo
n,
451
Liv
ariu
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Cat
200,
000
1.0
54
29.0
439
Nor
th A
fric
aP
erse
cutio
n of
Cat
holic
s an
d D
onat
ists
und
er A
rian
Van
dal k
ings
Gae
seri
c an
d H
uner
ic..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xn
R-Cat
10,0
000.
24
229
.6c4
40Ir
elan
dP
atri
ck e
vang
eliz
es I
rela
nd;
sold
iers
exe
cute
num
erou
s co
nver
ts;
Gw
inea
r..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
A-Cel
500
2.5
25
29.7
442
Eng
land
Ove
r ne
xt 3
0 ye
ars,
inva
ding
Ang
lo-S
axon
s w
ipe
out
Cel
ts a
nd t
he o
rigi
nal B
ritis
h/C
eltic
chu
rch
in E
ngla
nd..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
A-Cel
20,0
0010
.04
730
.044
8Ir
aq4t
h P
ersi
an P
erse
cutio
n: Y
azde
gerd
II
mas
sacr
es 1
53,0
00 E
ast
Syr
ian
Chr
istia
ns w
ith 1
0 bi
shop
s at
Kirk
uk:
bp J
oh
n,S
irin
,Tam
asg
erd
, bp
Din
du
i..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xZ
O-Nes
153,
000
12.8
57
30.7
c450
Eth
iopi
aP
erse
cutio
n ki
lls K
har
itas
and
10,0
00 c
ompa
nion
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
O-Eth
11,0
0011
.04
730
.945
1E
gypt
Afte
r C
ounc
il of
Cha
lced
on,
empe
ror
Mar
cian
us c
lose
s C
optic
chu
rche
s, m
urde
rs b
p M
acar
iof
Edk
o..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
O-Cop
500
0.0
20
31.1
451
Arm
enia
Yaz
dege
rd I
I en
forc
es Z
oroa
stri
anis
m,
killi
ng V
ard
an M
amik
on
ian
& 1
,035
Chr
istia
n tr
oops
, A
tom
and
his
legi
on;
454
patr
iarc
h H
ovse
p I.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xZ
O-Arm
25,0
006.
34
631
.145
9E
gypt
Mel
kite
pat
riar
ch P
rote
riu
ski
lled
by C
optic
mob
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.O
R-Mel
300.
31
232
.1c4
70P
ersi
a5t
h P
ersi
an P
erse
cutio
n: S
assa
nid
king
Firu
z I
mas
sacr
es M
onop
hysi
te p
ries
ts,
484
cruc
ifies
cat
holic
os B
abo
wi;
493
bp B
arsu
mas
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xZ
O-Nes
2,00
02.
03
533
.547
6R
ome
Sac
k of
Rom
e by
Bar
bari
ans
unde
r O
doac
er;
Got
hs r
avag
e W
est,
deca
pita
te V
olu
sian
us
bp o
f Tou
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
R-Cat
1,00
00.
33
234
.350
0W
orld
Tota
l of
mar
tyrs
list
ed a
bove
dur
ing
Epo
ch I
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
1,86
4,45
14.
93
437
.850
0W
orld
All
othe
r m
arty
rdom
situ
atio
ns,
know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
I.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–14
9,00
00.
43
437
.850
0W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
I (
indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed)
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
88,3
000.
20
037
.850
0W
orl
dG
lob
al t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs d
uri
ng
Ep
och
I.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
2,10
1,75
15.
63
437
.850
0W
orl
dG
lob
al c
um
ula
tive
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–2,
101,
751
0.8
34
37.8
EP
OC
H II
:TH
E G
RE
AT
RE
CE
SS
ION
(T
HE
DA
RK
AG
ES
),A
D 5
00-9
5050
0E
urop
eS
catte
red
mar
tyrs
: 52
6 po
pe J
oh
n I,
555
Hel
ier,
570
bp
Cad
oc,
607
bp
Des
ider
ius,
617
Do
nn
an&
52
com
pani
ons,
et
alii.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Cat
1,00
00.
03
037
.851
8S
yria
Vio
lent
46-
year
per
secu
tion
of M
onop
hysi
tes;
man
y bi
shop
s an
d cl
ergy
kill
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
O-Syr
30,0
002.
04
538
.352
3Ye
men
30,0
00 A
rab
Chr
istia
ns m
assa
cred
by
Jew
ish
king
Mas
ruq
(dhu
-Naw
as)
in N
ajra
n an
d H
imya
r; A
reta
s; 4
27 m
onks
and
nun
s bu
rned
aliv
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xJ
O-Nes
20,0
0050
.04
938
.453
3P
ersi
a6t
h P
ersi
an P
erse
cutio
n, u
nder
Kho
srow
I:
533
patr
iarc
h of
the
Eas
t M
ar A
ba,
575
bp
Ah
ud
emm
eh,
615
Geo
rge
the
Mo
nk
cruc
ified
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xZ
O-Nes
5,00
00.
43
238
.6c5
50A
rmen
iaO
ngoi
ng s
pora
dic
pers
ecut
ions
: G
rig
or-
Raj
ik,A
deo
dat
us
(Ast
ou
adza
tou
r-M
apo
d);
c65
0 D
avid
of
Do
uin
e; c
850
prin
ces
Isaa
can
d Jo
sep
h.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xZ
O-Arm
2,00
00.
53
339
.158
0E
gypt
Byz
antin
e em
pero
rs T
iber
ius,
Mau
rice
, P
hoca
s ru
thle
ssly
per
secu
te C
opts
, 60
6 P
hoca
s se
izes
all
chur
ches
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xO
O-Cop
5,00
00.
23
139
.961
5P
ales
tine
Per
sian
s in
vade
, dr
ive
Rom
ans
to M
edite
rran
ean,
cap
ture
Jer
usal
em,
mas
sacr
e 90
,000
Chr
istia
n m
en,
burn
chu
rche
s; p
atri
arch
Zac
har
ias.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xZ
O-Syr
90,0
0050
.04
940
.461
6W
ales
Eth
elfr
ith k
ing
of N
orth
umbr
ia e
nfor
ces
Rom
an c
hurc
h ru
le o
n C
eltic
Chu
rch,
mas
sacr
es 1
2,00
0 C
eltic
mon
ks a
t B
ango
r-is
-Coe
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
A-Cel
13,0
003.
04
540
.461
9E
gypt
Per
sian
kin
g K
hosr
ow I
I in
vade
s, m
assa
cres
10,
000
Cop
ts,
dest
roys
30
mon
aste
ries
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xZ
O-Cop
10,0
000.
34
240
.462
8P
ersi
a7t
h P
ersi
an P
erse
cutio
n, u
nder
Kho
srow
(C
hosr
oes)
II;
An
asta
siu
s th
e P
ersi
an&
68
othe
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xZ
O-Nes
3,00
00.
23
240
.563
1E
gypt
Mel
kite
s pe
rsec
ute
Cop
ts f
or 1
0 ye
ars,
kill
ing
herm
its,
asce
tics,
pat
riar
ch’s
bro
ther
Men
as..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.R
O-Cop
20,0
000.
64
340
.563
7P
ales
tine
Ara
bs c
aptu
re J
erus
alem
, 80
,000
Byz
antin
es k
illed
at
Pill
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Byz
5,00
05.
03
640
.568
9G
erm
any
Mar
tyrd
om o
f Ir
ish
bish
op K
ilian
& 1
1 co
mpa
nion
s; 6
95 t
he T
wo
Hew
ald
s(T
he
Dar
k, a
nd T
he
Fair
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
A-Cel
300.
11
140
.6
Con
tinue
d be
low
238 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
Tab
le 4
–10.
Th
e d
emo
gra
ph
ics
of
Ch
rist
ian
mar
tyrd
om
,AD
33–
AD
200
0:70
mill
ion
mar
tyrs
in 6
00 m
ajo
r m
arty
rdo
m s
itu
atio
ns
in 1
50 c
ou
ntr
ies.
694
Leba
non
Gre
eks
sack
Mon
aste
ry o
f S
t M
aro
and
kill
500
Mar
onite
mon
ks..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.O
R-Mar
700
0.2
22
40.6
698
Chi
na1s
t Im
peri
al P
erse
cutio
n of
Nes
tori
ans
unde
r do
wag
er W
u H
ou;
mob
s sa
ck c
hurc
h an
d m
onas
tery
in c
apita
l Loy
ang.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Nes
1,00
00.
53
340
.670
0N
orth
Afr
ica
Des
truc
tion
of C
hris
tiani
ty b
y A
rabs
, w
ith a
ll pr
iest
s ki
lled
or e
nsla
ved,
alth
ough
num
bers
of
Ber
bers
rem
ain
Chr
istia
ns f
or n
ext
150
year
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Cop
50,0
002.
54
540
.670
7M
oroc
coA
rab
Mus
lim c
onqu
eror
Mou
ssa
mas
sacr
es la
rge
num
ber
of B
erbe
r C
hris
tians
in T
angi
ers
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Cop
30,0
005.
04
640
.671
2C
hina
2nd
Impe
rial
Per
secu
tion
of N
esto
rian
s: in
wes
tern
cap
ital C
hang
an,
host
ile c
row
ds v
iola
te f
irst
Chr
istia
n ch
urch
in C
hina
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Nes
2,00
01.
03
440
.671
7M
iddl
e E
ast
Pio
us a
nd z
ealo
us c
alip
h O
mar
II
dest
roys
all
new
chu
rche
s, in
stig
ates
firs
t ge
nera
l per
secu
tion
of C
hris
tians
; m
ass
conv
ersi
ons
to I
slam
, al
so m
ass
mar
tyrd
oms.
. .
xM
O-Cop
60,0
000.
64
340
.672
5B
yzan
tium
Icon
ocla
stic
Con
trov
ersy
unt
il 84
3: e
mpe
rors
Leo
III
and
Con
stan
tine
V d
estr
oy 1
5,00
0 ic
ons,
tor
ture
and
kill
mon
k ar
tists
; 76
4, a
bbot
Ste
ph
en t
he
You
ng
er.
. .
. .
. xO
O-Byz
15,0
000.
04
040
.675
4E
urop
eN
umer
ous
mis
sion
ary
mar
tyrs
incl
udin
g bp
s B
on
ifac
e,E
ob
an,
& 5
2 ot
hers
in F
risi
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
4,00
00.
03
040
.775
4B
elgi
umS
pora
dic
pers
ecut
ion
resu
lts in
num
erou
s de
aths
: R
om
bo
ut
of M
alin
es.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
1,00
00.
13
140
.780
7E
urop
eV
ikin
g ra
ids
slau
ghte
r th
ousa
nds
incl
udin
g 68
mon
ks o
n Io
na,
6,00
0 C
hris
tians
in S
pain
, Ita
ly..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.T
A-Cel
20,0
000.
24
240
.981
5B
yzan
tium
Sec
ond
viol
ent
icon
ocla
stic
per
secu
tion:
tho
usan
ds o
f m
onks
pro
cess
with
icon
s, b
lood
y m
assa
cres
fol
low
unt
il en
d in
843
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xO
O-Byz
5,00
00.
03
040
.982
7S
icily
Chr
istia
nity
har
asse
d by
Ara
bs o
ver
next
230
yea
rs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
2,00
01.
03
440
.983
2E
gypt
Cal
iph
Mam
un m
assa
cres
Cop
ts a
fter
upri
sing
; 83
7, a
ll ch
urch
es d
emol
ishe
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Cop
20,0
001.
04
440
.983
5C
hina
3rd
Impe
rial
Per
secu
tion;
845
, 40
,000
her
mita
ges
and
tem
ples
and
4,6
00 m
onas
teri
es w
ith 2
65,5
00 m
onks
and
nun
s de
stro
yed
or c
lose
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
x.
O-Nes
40,0
0013
.34
740
.984
2C
ilici
aS
avag
e pe
rsec
utio
n of
Pau
licia
ns b
y B
yzan
tine
empi
re,
with
maj
or r
evol
t cr
ushe
d in
874
; 10
0,00
0 m
arty
rs;
873,
lead
er C
hry
soch
eir
mur
dere
d..
. .
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. xO
I-Pau
100,
000
33.3
58
40.9
847
Iraq
Maj
or 1
4-ye
ar p
erse
cutio
n of
Chr
istia
ns a
nd M
uslim
sec
ts u
nder
10t
h ca
liph
Mut
awak
kil;
chur
ches
des
troy
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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.
xM
O-Nes
30,0
001.
04
440
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rabi
aN
esto
rian
ism
era
dica
ted
afte
r 20
0 ye
ars
of p
erse
cutio
n an
d at
triti
on b
y M
uslim
cal
iphs
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
.
xM
O-Nes
20,0
0020
.04
840
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0S
pain
Und
er M
oori
sh r
ule,
Mar
tyrs
of
Co
rdo
ba:
Flo
ra,M
ary,
853
Co
lum
ba,
Po
mp
osa
,Eu
log
ius,
et
alii.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
500.
01
040
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0M
alta
Sar
acen
s ca
ptur
e is
land
s, e
nfor
ce I
slam
; m
any
Chr
istia
n de
aths
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
5,00
00.
33
240
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8C
hina
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t ci
ty o
f K
an-f
u (C
anto
n) f
alls
to
rebe
ls w
ho t
hen
slau
ghte
r 12
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0 M
uslim
s, J
ews,
Chr
istia
ns,
and
Zor
oast
rian
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
O-Nes
35,0
000.
34
240
.891
6B
ohem
iaC
hris
tiani
zatio
n of
Cze
chos
lova
kia;
mur
ders
of
Lu
dm
illa
(916
) an
d 92
9 pr
ince
-duk
e W
ence
slas
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
O-Sla
300.
01
041
.392
3S
yria
Upr
isin
gs o
f M
uslim
mob
s ag
ains
t C
hris
tians
kill
hun
dred
s ne
ar J
erus
alem
, H
ims,
Dam
ascu
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
O-Syr
900
0.8
23
41.5
950
Wor
ldTo
tal o
f m
arty
rs li
sted
abo
ve d
urin
g E
poch
II
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–64
5,71
01.
53
342
.495
0W
orld
All
othe
r m
arty
rdom
situ
atio
ns,
know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
II.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
––
51,7
000.
13
342
.495
0W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
II
(indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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.
––
95,4
000.
20
042
.495
0W
orl
dG
lob
al t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs d
uri
ng
Ep
och
II.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
792,
810
1.9
33
42.4
950
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
cu
mu
lati
ve t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs s
ince
AD
33
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
2,89
4,56
10.
33
442
.4
EP
OC
H II
I:R
ES
UR
GE
NC
E A
ND
AD
VAN
CE
,AD
950
-135
095
0M
ongo
liaF
inal
dis
appe
aran
ce o
f C
hris
tiani
ty a
cros
s M
ongo
l hea
rtla
nds.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Nes
10,0
0010
.04
742
.4c9
70C
hina
Man
y C
hris
tians
kill
ed in
reb
ellio
n in
Can
ton;
fin
al im
peri
al p
erse
cutio
n re
sults
in e
xtin
ctio
n of
all
chur
ches
and
Chr
istia
ns.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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xB
O-Nes
3,00
06.
03
643
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urop
eN
umer
ous
bish
ops
mar
tyre
d: 9
97 A
dal
ber
t, 1
012
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heg
e, 1
038
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il, 1
066
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ttsc
hal
k, 1
116
Mag
nu
s, e
t al
ii..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
4,00
00.
03
044
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6M
iddl
e E
ast
Sev
ere
pers
ecut
ion
from
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pt t
o P
ersi
a un
der
calip
h al
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im;
Gh
abri
al.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Cop
50,0
001.
04
444
.510
09Li
thua
nia
Bru
no
(Bon
iface
) bp
of
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rfur
t ev
ange
lizes
acr
oss
Rus
sia,
but
with
18
othe
r m
issi
onar
ies
is m
urde
red
by h
eath
ens.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
3030
.01
845
.310
12A
ustr
iaS
catte
red
killi
ngs
of C
hris
tian
lead
ers:
101
2 C
olo
man
, 11
45 a
bbot
C.B
osi
nlo
ther
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
100
0.0
20
45.5
1030
Nor
way
Ola
f II
Har
ald
sso
nki
lled
afte
r 15
yea
rs v
iole
ntly
con
vert
ing
Nor
way
to
Chr
istia
nity
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
2,00
01.
03
446
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64A
rmen
iaC
apita
l city
Ani
with
its
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1 ch
urch
es d
estr
oyed
by
Sel
juk
Turk
s, p
opul
atio
n m
assa
cred
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
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O-Arm
100,
000
50.0
59
49.2
1095
Pal
estin
eC
rusa
des
to r
ecap
ture
Hol
y La
nd;
num
erou
s ze
alou
s m
arty
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.M
R-Lat
3,00
00.
63
351
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96C
appa
doci
aJa
cobi
tes
mas
sacr
ed b
y Tu
rks
in M
alat
ya w
ith b
p Jo
hn
(S
aid
bar
Sab
hu
ni)
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .M
O-Syr
200
0.0
20
51.7
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Eur
ope
30 a
llege
d he
retic
s ex
ecut
ed b
y K
ing
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ry I
I in
Eng
land
, al
so m
any
here
tics
on C
ontin
ent.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xA
A-Ang
2,00
00.
03
060
.711
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ubia
Inva
ding
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om K
urdi
sh s
ulta
n S
alad
in o
f E
gypt
kill
s or
ens
lave
s 70
0,00
0 N
ubia
n C
hris
tians
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
xM
O-Nub
130,
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6.5
56
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1187
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estin
eM
assa
cre
in G
alile
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000
crus
ader
s an
d la
y C
hris
tians
und
er S
alad
in;
kills
man
y C
opts
als
o, d
estr
oys
citie
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
R-Lat
15,0
0030
.04
863
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02B
yzan
tium
Con
stan
tinop
le s
acke
d by
Lat
ins
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nch
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holic
kni
ghts
), G
reek
pop
ulat
ion
mas
sacr
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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O-Byz
30,0
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ranc
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r pa
pal C
rusa
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gain
st A
lbig
ensi
ans
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har
chur
ch);
lega
te P
eter
of
Cas
teln
auet
alii
kill
ed in
Tou
lous
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
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I-Alg
20,0
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867
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11F
ranc
eO
ver
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alde
nsia
ns b
urnt
at
stak
e as
her
etic
s in
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asbo
urg;
inte
rmitt
ent
pers
ecut
ions
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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I-Wal
100
1.0
24
67.5
1212
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r E
ast
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ldre
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sade
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d in
dis
aste
r; m
any
zeal
ous
child
mar
tyrs
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
1,00
02.
03
567
.712
14U
zbek
ista
nG
engh
iz K
han
mas
sacr
es 6
mill
ion
Chr
istia
ns d
estr
oyin
g C
hris
tian
stro
ngho
lds
of B
okha
ra,
Sam
arka
nd,
Tas
hken
t..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
O-Nes
4,00
0,00
040
.09
868
.012
14A
fgha
nist
anM
ajor
Chr
istia
n di
oces
an s
tron
ghol
d of
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at s
acke
d by
Gen
ghiz
Kha
n; 1
.6 m
illio
n ki
lled
in a
rea.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
O-Nes
1,00
0,00
030
.07
868
.012
20M
oroc
coF
irst
Fra
ncis
can
mar
tyrs
: B
erar
d,O
tho
,Pet
er,A
ccu
rsio
,Aiu
to;
1227
Dan
iel o
f B
elve
der
e; t
otal
Fra
ncis
can
mar
tyrs
158
by
AD
140
0..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
R-Lat
1212
.01
769
.012
20P
ersi
a, I
raq
Gen
ghiz
Kha
n pi
ts M
ongo
l mili
tary
mac
hine
aga
inst
Mus
lim s
tate
s fo
r fir
st t
ime,
mas
sacr
es 2
5% o
f po
pula
tion
incl
udin
g C
hris
tians
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
O-Nes
150,
000
25.0
58
69.0
1221
Turk
esta
nM
ongo
ls d
estr
oy s
tron
gly
Chr
istia
n ci
ties
incl
udin
g S
elju
k ca
pita
l Mer
v an
d K
hwar
izm
: 86
0,00
0 ex
ecut
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
O-Nes
600,
000
30.0
68
69.2
1231
Cyp
rus
Pap
al le
gate
car
dina
l Pel
agiu
s to
rtur
es a
nd b
urns
13
Cyp
riot
mon
ks.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
O-Gre
200.
01
070
.912
31E
urop
eIn
quis
ition
est
ablis
hed
by G
rego
ry I
X;
exec
utes
her
etic
s fo
r 30
0 ye
ars.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
R-Lat
10,0
000.
04
070
.912
37R
ussi
aM
ongo
l arm
ies
unde
r O
gode
i des
troy
Mos
cow
, S
uzda
l, V
ladi
mir,
Kie
v (G
reek
Ort
hodo
x he
adqu
arte
rs),
124
1 C
raco
w..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xT
O-Sla
300,
000
15.0
57
71.9
1241
Hun
gary
Mon
gols
des
troy
Hun
gari
an a
rmy,
rav
age
Hun
gary
, de
stro
ying
als
o th
e ne
wly
-est
ablis
hed
Dio
cese
for
Cum
ans.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
R-Lat
13,0
0086
.74
972
.612
58S
yria
Man
y C
hris
tians
in k
han
Hul
egu’
s co
urt
exec
uted
by
Mam
eluk
es,
incl
udin
g M
ongo
l gen
eral
Kit
buq
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Nes
1,00
00.
13
175
.712
58Ir
aqB
aghd
ad c
aptu
red
by H
ulak
u K
han;
end
of A
bbas
id d
ynas
ty a
s ca
liph
and
800,
000
are
mas
sacr
ed; A
lepp
o an
d A
ntio
ch li
kew
ise
dest
roye
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
O-Nes
1,10
0,00
050
.07
975
.712
91P
ales
tine
Turk
s fin
ally
suc
ceed
in d
estr
oyin
g C
arm
elite
mon
aste
ry o
n M
ount
Car
mel
, m
urde
ring
all
mon
ks..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
R-Lat
200
66.7
29
82.1
1295
Per
sia
Kur
ds m
assa
cre
Nes
tori
ans,
esp
ecia
lly in
city
of
Mar
agha
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
O-Nes
3,00
00.
63
382
.913
01E
gypt
, S
yria
Mam
eluk
es d
estr
oy a
ll ch
urch
es;
Cop
ts a
nd J
acob
ites
suffe
r a
cent
ury
of s
yste
mat
ic p
erse
cutio
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Cop
80,0
002.
74
584
.013
02S
outh
Ind
iaR
oman
Cat
holic
mis
sion
ary
fria
rs m
urde
red
by M
uslim
rul
ers.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
R-Lat
300.
01
084
.013
10Ir
aqK
urds
and
Ara
bs d
estr
oy C
hris
tian
city
of A
rbel
a, m
assa
cre
entir
e po
pula
tion.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Nes
150,
000
20.0
58
84.4
1317
Turk
eyM
ongo
ls e
nsla
ve o
r ki
ll 12
,000
Nes
tori
ans
at A
mid
; bp
Mar
Gre
go
rio
sbe
aten
to
deat
h..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xT
O-Nes
9,00
06.
03
684
.813
21F
ranc
eF
inal
pog
rom
aga
inst
Cat
hars
: C
atha
r pr
iest
Gui
lhem
Bel
ibas
ta b
urne
d; la
st g
roup
bur
ied
aliv
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
R-Lat
2,00
02.
03
585
.013
21In
dia
New
mis
sion
ary
bish
ops
to C
hina
dec
apita
ted
by M
uslim
s: T
ho
mas
of T
ole
nti
no
& 3
oth
er D
omin
ican
s at
Tan
a, B
omba
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
100
10.0
27
85.0
1321
Egy
ptM
ob f
ury:
mas
s ex
ecut
ions
of
Chr
istia
ns,
mon
aste
ries
des
troy
ed,
mon
ks k
illed
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.M
O-Cop
30,0
003.
84
585
.013
30In
dia
Mus
lims
conq
uer
sout
hwar
ds t
o V
indh
ya m
ount
ains
; 20
0,00
0 C
hris
tians
sla
ught
ered
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
O-Nes
180,
000
36.0
58
85.4
1339
Chi
naR
uthl
ess
mas
sacr
e of
Chr
istia
ns in
Mon
gol c
apita
l Alm
alik
: bp
Ric
har
d,
6 F
ranc
isca
n m
issi
onar
y pr
iest
s, v
ast
num
ber
of la
yper
sons
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
R-Lat
100,
000
10.0
57
85.9
1350
Wor
ldTo
tal o
f m
arty
rs li
sted
abo
ve d
urin
g E
poch
III
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–8,
098,
792
9.4
45
86.5
1350
Wor
ldA
ll ot
her
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ions
, kn
own
or u
nkno
wn,
dur
ing
Epo
ch I
II.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
648,
000
0.8
45
86.5
1350
Wor
ldB
ackg
roun
d m
arty
rdom
dur
ing
Epo
ch I
II (in
divi
dual
, do
mes
tic,
fam
ily,
isol
ated
).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
173,
000
0.2
00
86.5
1350
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
du
rin
g E
po
ch II
I.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–8,
919,
792
10.3
45
86.5
1350
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
cu
mu
lati
ve t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs s
ince
AD
33
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
11,8
14,3
530.
63
486
.5
EP
OC
H IV
:TH
E S
EC
ON
D R
EC
ES
SIO
N:
CO
NF
US
ION
AN
D C
OR
RU
PT
ION
,AD
135
0-15
0013
58A
sia
Tam
erla
ne d
estr
oys
15-m
illio
n-st
rong
Cat
holic
Apo
stol
ic C
hurc
h of
the
Eas
t (N
esto
rian
s) a
cros
s A
sia.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Nes
4,00
0,00
026
.79
880
.8c1
375
Geo
rgia
In 2
0-ye
ar h
oly
war
, Tam
erla
ne d
estr
oys
700
Geo
rgia
n to
wns
and
all
chur
ches
in t
he c
apita
l, Ti
flis.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Geo
150,
000
20.0
58
70.0
1393
Eur
ope
Dis
side
nts
exec
uted
; Jo
hn
of
Nep
om
uk,
141
5 Jo
hn
Hu
s, 1
416
Jero
me
of
Pra
gu
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
R-Lat
5,00
00.
03
060
.2
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
MARTYROLOGY 239
Con
tinue
d ov
erle
af
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1394
Mes
opot
amia
Tam
erla
ne d
estr
oys
Wes
t S
yria
n (J
acob
ite)
chur
ches
and
mon
aste
ries
fro
m A
sia
Min
or t
o P
ersi
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Syr
200,
000
10.0
57
59.7
1399
Eng
land
Lolla
rds
exec
uted
: 14
01 W
.Saw
trey
, 14
10 J
.Bad
by,
1413
Lor
d C
ob
ham
, 14
18 S
ir Jo
hn
Old
cast
le..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xA
I-Lol
100
0.1
21
57.2
1400
Egy
ptV
ast
num
ber
of C
optic
mar
tyrs
dur
ing
Mam
eluk
e ag
e; S
alee
b,
Ileya
, pr
iest
Sid
rak
& 5
mon
ks,
Ars
eniu
s; 1
400,
Abu
’l Fa
rag
& 4
pri
ests
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
O-Cop
225,
000
45.0
58
56.7
1400
Eur
ope
Inqu
isiti
on b
egin
s sy
stem
atic
bur
ning
of
accu
sed
witc
hes,
rea
chin
g a
tota
l of
30,0
00 b
y 15
50..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xR
P-Chr
10,0
000.
14
156
.714
01C
auca
sus
Tam
erla
ne s
acks
Sev
auss
, 4,
000
Chr
istia
ns b
urie
d al
ive.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Nes
4,00
040
.03
856
.914
01Ir
aqTa
mer
lane
mas
sacr
es w
hole
pop
ulat
ion
of B
aghd
ad,
pile
s up
sku
lls o
f C
hris
tians
, liq
uida
tes
chur
ch..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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ece
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rt o
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omar
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with
Otto
man
s fo
rmal
ly c
onde
mni
ng a
nd e
xecu
ting
172
Gre
ek m
arty
rs o
ver
peri
od 1
453-
1867
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llect
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lege
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ypto
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ined
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ing
1481
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ned
at s
take
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inct
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fter
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ntur
ies
of a
post
asie
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eclin
e, m
any
mar
tyrd
oms.
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pain
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arra
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and
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isco
s ex
ecut
ed a
s he
retic
s by
the
Inq
uisi
tion,
insi
stin
g th
at t
hey
are
cryp
to-J
ews
and
cryp
to-M
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s..
. .
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. xR
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874
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orld
Tota
l of
mar
tyrs
list
ed a
bove
dur
ing
Epo
ch I
V.
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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––
5,11
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06.
74
575
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orld
All
othe
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arty
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situ
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know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
IV
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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. .
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–40
9,00
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54
575
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orld
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kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
IV
(in
divi
dual
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mes
tic,
fam
ily,
isol
ated
).
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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––
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orl
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lob
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ota
l of
all m
arty
rs d
uri
ng
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och
IV.
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. .
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. .
. .
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. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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–5,
583,
700
7.4
45
75.9
1500
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
cu
mu
lati
ve t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs s
ince
AD
33
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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––
17,3
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74
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EP
OC
H V
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EF
OR
M A
ND
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PAN
SIO
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D 1
500-
1750
1500
Latin
Am
eric
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arie
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lled
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he A
mer
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: 15
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nida
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razi
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y C
arib
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upe.
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ostly
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ecut
ed.
. .
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. .
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zil
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lts in
firs
t 2
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sion
ary
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tyrs
of
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Wor
ld,
with
oth
ers,
kill
ed in
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ians
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r P
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uro.
. .
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ortu
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istia
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oris
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isbo
n..
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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. .
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. .
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. .
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. .
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and
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nnam
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..
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. .
. .
. .
. .
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mar
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ombo
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. .
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. .
. .
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. .
. .
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first
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illa
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illed
in T
exas
..
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. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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sta
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unde
r pe
nal l
aws
(153
5-17
14);
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plai
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auri
ce K
enra
gh
ty;
107
Fra
ncis
can
mar
tyrs
by
1707
.. .
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bee
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ince
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ast
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titud
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kille
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sla
ught
ered
..
. .
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. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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istia
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
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uaya
quil.
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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. .
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. .
. .
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. .
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46.2
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nce
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nch
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assa
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in V
audo
is..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
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ranc
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test
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ri I
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rned
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; 15
59 A
nn
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u B
ou
rg,
in O
rlea
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. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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xR
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ange
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lori
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M,
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SJ)
are
sla
ught
ered
; 15
66 P
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ezS
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. .
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. .
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1549
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ked
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assa
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fr A
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aliS
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d ot
her
Chr
istia
ns in
Mal
abar
; 30
kill
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
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. .
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. .
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arag
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port
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p A
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div
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bed
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eath
in L
eon.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
100
0.2
22
86.9
c155
0U
rugu
ayC
atho
lic m
issi
onar
ies
in R
io d
e la
Pla
ta a
rea
are
resi
sted
, se
vera
l are
kill
ed o
ver
next
2 c
entu
ries
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
500.
01
086
.915
53E
ngla
ndM
aria
n pe
rsec
utio
n bu
rns
286
at s
take
: ab
p T.
Cra
nm
er,
bps
N.R
idle
y, H
.Lat
imer
, J.
Ho
op
er..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xA
A-Ang
300
0.0
20
87.7
1554
Turk
eyC
hald
ean
Cat
holic
cat
holic
os o
f In
dia,
Yu
han
na
Su
laq
a, a
ssas
sina
ted
by K
urds
at
Diy
arba
kir.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
R-Cha
400
8.0
26
88.0
1558
Spa
inP
rote
stan
ts v
irtu
ally
wip
ed o
ut b
y In
quis
ition
bur
ning
the
m a
t th
e st
ake.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
P-Ref
300
0.0
20
89.0
c156
0M
exic
oB
isho
p de
Las
Cas
as c
harg
es t
hat
conq
uist
ador
s ha
ve k
illed
15
mill
ion
Am
erin
dian
s (m
any
bein
g ba
ptiz
ed C
hris
tians
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
R-Lat
2,20
0,00
066
.78
989
.515
61Z
imba
bwe
Bap
tism
of
king
of
Mon
omot
apa
with
300
sub
ject
s; G
.da
Silv
eira
SJ
stra
ngle
d so
on a
fter.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
R-Lat
51.
01
489
.815
62F
ranc
e1,
200
Hug
ueno
ts (
Fre
nch
Pro
test
ants
) ki
lled
in M
assa
cre
of V
assy
, Tou
lous
e; m
any
othe
rs e
lsew
here
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
P-Ref
3,00
01.
53
490
.015
65F
lori
daF
renc
h co
lony
of
Hug
ueno
ts o
n S
t Jo
hn’s
riv
er s
avag
ely
exec
uted
by
Spa
niar
ds..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
P-Ref
200
40.0
28
90.8
1567
Low
Cou
ntri
esS
pani
sh C
ounc
il of
Blo
od (
1567
-157
4) e
xecu
tes
here
tics
and
Cal
vini
sts:
Lam
ora
l of
Eg
mo
nt.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
P-Ref
5,00
00.
23
191
.315
67R
ussi
aM
assa
cre
in M
osco
w u
nder
tsa
r Iv
an I
V t
he T
erri
ble;
met
ropo
litan
of
Mos
cow
Ph
ilip
stra
ngle
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Rus
200
0.0
20
91.3
1569
Sia
mM
uslim
agi
tato
rs a
nd B
urm
ese
conq
uero
rs k
ill f
irst
mis
sion
arie
s Je
rom
e d
e la
Cro
ix,S
ebas
tian
Can
tu,
and
2 co
lleag
ues.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
40.
31
291
.815
69P
eru
Spa
nish
Inq
uisi
tion
in L
ima
tort
ures
120
,000
alle
ged
here
tics,
bur
ns 1
89 d
isse
nter
s at
sta
ke.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
R-Lat
500
0.1
21
91.8
1570
Can
ary
Isla
nds
Hug
ueno
t co
rsai
rs m
urde
r at
sea
fr
I.d
e A
zeve
do
& 5
1 ot
her
Jesu
it m
issi
onar
ies.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .P
R-Lat
5286
.71
992
.115
70C
ypru
sTu
rks
inva
de,
exte
rmin
ate
Cop
ts in
clud
ing
bish
op a
nd p
ries
ts,
anne
x C
ypru
s to
Otto
man
em
pire
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
O-Cop
5,00
050
.03
992
.115
71E
ngla
ndE
lizab
etha
n pe
rsec
utio
n of
Cat
holic
s; 1
23 o
ut o
f 43
8 pr
iest
s ex
ecut
ed;
1571
pri
mat
e J.
Ham
ilto
n.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xA
A-Ang
400
0.0
20
92.4
1571
Am
eric
a8
Jesu
it pr
iest
s ki
lled
in V
irgin
ia:
L.d
e Q
uir
os,
G.d
e S
olis
,J.B
.Men
dez
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
200.
31
292
.415
72F
ranc
eS
t B
arth
olom
ew’s
Day
mas
sacr
e of
72,
000
to d
estr
oy H
ugue
not
lead
ers
unde
r ad
mira
l Gas
par
d d
e C
olig
ny..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xR
P-Ref
70,0
0028
.04
892
.615
72G
old
Coa
stA
ugus
tinia
ns in
augu
rate
firs
t m
issi
on,
but
are
slau
ghte
red.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
102.
01
592
.615
75F
inla
ndA
t V
alam
o, S
wed
es m
urde
r 40
Rus
sian
mon
ks,
mon
aste
ry d
estr
oyed
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.P
O-Rus
100
0.1
20
93.5
1576
Cam
bodi
aE
vang
eliz
atio
n un
dert
aken
by
Dom
inic
ans;
Silv
estr
e d
e A
zeve
do
OP
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
21.
01
493
.715
81A
mer
ica
14 F
ranc
isca
n m
issi
onar
ies
mur
dere
d in
New
Mex
ico
(158
1, 1
631)
, G
eorg
ia (
1597
), A
rizo
na (
1632
): J
.de
San
ta M
aria
,F.L
op
ez..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
300.
01
095
.115
87M
adag
asca
rF
irst
of n
umer
ous
Rom
an C
atho
lic m
issi
onar
ies
kille
d, f
ollo
wed
by
man
y ot
hers
up
to A
D 1
800.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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R-Lat
200
4.0
25
96.7
1597
Indi
aS
ever
al N
esto
rian
met
ropo
litan
s fr
om P
ersi
a in
terc
epte
d by
Por
tugu
ese:
mar
Sim
on
, m
ar J
ose
ph
, di
e in
pri
son.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
O-Nes
300.
01
099
.615
97Ja
pan
20 J
apan
ese
Cat
holic
s (1
5 O
FM
) an
d 6
fore
igne
rs c
ruci
fied
in N
agas
aki:
Pau
l Mik
iSJ,
Leo
Kar
asu
mar
u,F
ran
cis
of
Mia
ko..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
120
0.0
20
99.6
1600
Nic
arag
uaU
nder
Spa
nish
rul
e, n
umer
ous
Cat
holic
mar
tyrs
ove
r 70
yea
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
R-Lat
500.
51
310
0.4
1603
Phi
lippi
nes
Spa
nish
rul
ers
beco
me
fear
ful o
f ra
pid
grow
th o
f C
hine
se c
onve
rts,
mas
sacr
e 3,
000
of t
hem
in M
anila
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
R-Lat
3,00
030
.03
810
1.1
1612
Chi
leA
rauc
ania
n In
dian
s ki
ll 3
Jesu
it m
issi
onar
ies:
frs
H.d
e V
ecch
i, M
.de
Ara
nd
a, b
r J.
de
Mo
nta
lban
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
200.
01
010
3.3
1612
Hon
dura
sS
ever
al S
pani
sh F
ranc
isca
n m
arty
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
R-Lat
200.
21
210
3.3
1614
Japa
nIe
yasu
’s E
dict
pro
hibi
ting
Chr
istia
nity
; 20
5 m
arty
rs (
33 J
esui
ts):
162
3 br
Sim
on
Yem
po
, 16
27 f
r T.
Tsu
ji..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
40,0
0013
.34
710
3.8
1616
Mex
ico
Tepe
huan
e In
dian
s in
Dur
ango
kill
8 M
exic
an a
nd o
ther
Jes
uits
; fr
s H
.de
Tova
r,H
.de
San
tarn
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
500.
01
010
4.3
1617
Chi
naF
irst
gene
ral d
ecre
e of
per
secu
tion
and
bani
shm
ent;
mis
sion
arie
s im
pris
oned
, ba
nish
ed;
a fe
w k
illin
gs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
2,00
00.
73
310
4.5
1618
Eur
ope
Thi
rty
Year
s’W
ar:
num
erou
s m
arty
rs,
1631
pri
est
Lib
ori
us
Wag
ner
of S
chw
einf
urt.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
15,0
000.
14
010
4.7
1619
Hun
gary
Mar
tyrs
of
Kos
ice,
bea
ten
to d
eath
by
Cal
vini
sts:
frs
M.C
risi
nu
s,S
.Po
ng
racz
SJ,
M.G
rod
ecz
SJ.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .P
R-Lat
50.
01
010
5.0
1620
Italy
Mas
sacr
e of
Wal
dens
ians
(11
Jul
y) a
t Tira
no,
Lom
bard
y, n
ear
Sw
iss
bord
er.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
I-Wal
1,00
050
.03
910
5.2
1623
Bel
orus
sia
Cat
holic
pri
ests
and
bis
hops
kill
ed b
y O
rtho
dox
mob
s; J
osa
ph
at K
un
cevi
cz,
RC
abp
of
Pol
otsk
, ki
lled
outs
ide
Vite
bsk
cath
edra
l.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.O
R-Lat
200
0.0
20
106.
0
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
240 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
Con
tinue
d be
low
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1624
Tibe
tF
irst
mis
sion
ary
fr A
. de
And
rade
poi
sone
d, s
urvi
ves;
163
0, a
ll 40
0 Ti
beta
n C
hris
tians
wip
ed o
ut.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xT
R-Lat
400
100.
02
1010
6.2
1628
Par
agua
yR
educ
tion
foun
der
Ro
qu
e G
on
zale
z d
e S
anta
Cru
zS
J an
d 25
Jes
uits
kill
ed b
y G
uara
ni s
ham
ans.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xT
R-Lat
250
0.3
22
107.
216
30Ja
pan
Str
uctu
re o
f C
atho
licis
m d
estr
oyed
, 13
% m
arty
red,
1,9
00 J
apan
ese
Cat
holic
s cr
ucifi
ed;
1632
fr
R.B
.Gu
tier
rez,
163
3 fr
J.K
.G.T
om
on
aga
OP,
M.K
uro
bio
ye..
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
100,
000
20.0
58
107.
716
31K
enya
On
Ken
ya c
oast
, ap
osta
te s
ulta
n C
hing
ulia
kill
s 28
3 M
arty
rs o
f M
om
bas
ain
For
t Je
sus,
Mom
basa
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
R-Lat
283
31.4
28
108.
016
32E
thio
pia
Em
pero
r S
usen
yos
kills
7 J
esui
t pr
iest
s: 1
635
G.P
aes,
J.P
erei
ra,
1638
bp
Ap
olli
nar
is d
e A
lmei
da,
164
0 B
.Bru
ni,
L.C
ard
eira
; 16
52 L
uthe
ran
Pet
er H
eylin
g.
. .
xO
R-Lat
500.
51
310
8.2
1637
Japa
n35
,000
Jap
anes
e C
atho
lics
exec
uted
at
Shi
mab
ara
on K
yush
u; e
nd o
f ov
ert
Chr
istia
nity
in J
apan
; W
.Co
urt
et O
P..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
35,0
0070
.04
910
9.5
1638
Turk
eyO
ttom
an s
ulta
n M
urad
IV
mur
ders
2 e
cum
enic
al p
atri
arch
s: C
yril
I,C
yril
II, f
or in
itiat
ing
reco
ncili
atio
n w
ith A
nglic
anis
m,
Pro
test
antis
m,
and
Rom
an C
atho
licis
m.
. .
. xM
O-Gre
300
0.0
20
109.
7c1
640
Indi
aF
ierc
e pe
rsec
utio
ns o
f C
hris
tians
and
Hin
dus
unde
r M
ugha
l em
pero
rs S
hah
Jaha
n an
d A
uran
gzeb
(16
59).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
R-Lat
5,00
033
.33
811
0.2
1641
Uls
ter
7,00
0 S
cots
Pro
test
ants
incl
udin
g m
inis
ters
and
bis
hops
mas
sacr
ed b
y Ir
ish
Cat
holic
s; 1
649
Iris
h ea
rl a
nd p
arlia
men
tari
an C
.Plu
nke
tt.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
P-Ref
7,00
07.
03
611
0.5
1642
Can
ada
Num
erou
s Je
suit
mis
sion
arie
s ki
lled
by I
roqu
ois
and
Hur
on I
ndia
ns:
1646
I.Jo
gu
es,
1649
G.L
alem
ant
& J
.de
Bre
beu
f..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
100
0.1
21
110.
816
42E
ngla
ndC
ivil
War
(P
urita
n R
evol
utio
n):
man
y A
nglic
an c
lerg
y, la
y le
ader
s, d
isse
nter
s ex
ecut
ed f
or t
reas
on:
1645
Will
iam
Lau
dab
p of
Can
terb
ury,
164
8 ki
ng C
har
les
I.. .
. .
xA
A-Ang
400
0.0
20
110.
816
44C
hina
Man
chus
kill
10,
000
Chi
nese
Chr
istia
ns a
nd b
ehea
d D
omin
ican
pro
tom
arty
r F.
de
Cap
illas
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
10,0
006.
74
611
1.3
1645
Indo
chin
a1s
t Ann
am P
erse
cutio
n; A
. de
Rho
des
expe
lled,
40
Chr
istia
ns p
ut t
o de
ath:
Ann
ames
e ca
tech
ists
An
dré
,Ig
nac
e,V
ince
nt.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
400.
01
011
1.5
1648
Mad
agas
car
Firs
t La
zari
st m
issi
on a
t F
ort-
Dau
phin
; 4
Rom
an C
atho
lic m
arty
rs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
R-Lat
101.
01
411
2.3
1648
Lith
uani
aC
ossa
cks
and
Tart
ars
mas
sacr
e P
olis
h C
atho
lics
and
Jew
s: 1
648
fr A
dri
an C
hal
insk
y; 1
657
fr A
nd
rew
Bo
bo
laS
J..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .O
R-Lat
3,00
00.
13
111
2.3
1648
Wor
ldS
pani
sh J
esui
t Ild
efon
so d
e F
lore
s ca
lcul
ates
all
Chr
istia
n m
arty
rs t
o da
te a
t 11
mill
ion.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
11,0
00,0
000.
310
211
2.3
1649
Mex
ico
Inqu
isiti
on f
erre
ts o
ut a
nd e
xecu
tes
Mar
rano
s (c
hris
tiani
zed
Jew
s),
incl
udin
g To
mas
Tre
vin
o d
e S
ob
rem
on
te.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
I-Jew
500
16.7
27
112.
616
49Ja
pan
Mas
s m
arty
rdom
s of
und
ergr
ound
Cat
holic
s st
ill o
ccur
inte
rmitt
ently
, w
hen
disc
over
ed:
1649
, 16
58,
1667
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
1,00
05.
03
611
2.6
1650
Slo
vaki
aO
ver
next
50
year
s, s
ever
al h
undr
ed P
rote
stan
ts e
xecu
ted
in P
reso
v an
d ar
ound
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xR
P-Lut
800
10.0
27
112.
816
53In
dia
Mal
abar
chu
rch
brea
ks w
ith R
ome;
Nes
tori
an m
etro
polit
an A
hat
alla
burn
ed a
t st
ake
in G
oa b
y P
ortu
gues
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
O-Nes
500
0.6
23
113.
816
55Ita
lyO
f P
iedm
ont’s
15,
000
Wal
dens
ians
, 2,
000
mas
sacr
ed,
part
of
300-
year
per
secu
tion
unde
r C
atho
lic H
ouse
of
Sav
oy.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
I-Wal
2,00
02.
03
511
4.5
1657
Eng
land
Fift
h M
onar
chy
Men
, ex
trem
e P
urita
n se
ct,
laun
ch 2
arm
ed u
pris
ings
aga
inst
Oliv
er C
rom
wel
l; 16
61 le
ader
T.V
enn
eran
d ot
hers
exe
cute
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
A-Low
300
1.0
24
115.
116
58C
eylo
nD
utch
con
quer
isla
nd;
viol
ent
pers
ecut
ion
of R
oman
Cat
holic
s en
sues
, es
peci
ally
168
9 Ja
ffna,
170
6 N
egum
bo,
1720
Man
ar,
1729
Col
ombo
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xP
R-Lat
300
0.1
21
115.
416
60S
cotla
ndS
cotti
sh C
oven
ante
rs b
ruta
lly p
erse
cute
d fo
r 25
yea
rs;
1661
Jam
es G
uth
rie
& A
.Cam
pb
ell,
Mar
gar
et W
ilso
n,
1680
D.C
arg
ill,
1688
J.R
enw
ick.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xA
P-Ref
3,00
01.
03
411
6.1
1661
For
mos
aC
hine
se p
irate
Kox
inga
kill
s 6,
000
abor
igin
e R
efor
med
con
vert
s, c
ruci
fies
Dut
ch m
issi
onar
ies:
A
.Ham
bro
ekan
d fa
mily
pub
licly
beh
eade
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
P-Ref
6,00
035
.33
811
6.4
1662
Eng
land
Und
er C
harl
es I
I, 15
,000
Qua
kers
impr
ison
ed,
500
deat
hs in
pri
son;
Mar
y D
yre.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xA
I-Qua
500
0.8
23
116.
816
65In
doch
ina
2nd
Ann
am P
erse
cutio
n; 4
5 V
ietn
ames
e m
arty
rs o
ffici
ally
rec
ogni
zed,
but
man
y ot
hers
too
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
600
0.2
22
117.
816
71H
unga
ryO
ttom
an T
urk
rule
rs la
unch
vio
lent
atta
cks
on P
rote
stan
ts..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
P-Ref
1,00
02.
03
511
9.8
1672
Gua
mO
ppos
ition
fro
m C
ham
orro
sor
cere
rs:
1672
J.d
e S
an V
ito
res
SJ
kille
d ne
ar A
gaña
, G
uam
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
100.
11
112
0.1
1672
Indi
aIn
Sin
dh,
pers
ecut
ion
of A
ugus
tinia
n an
d C
arm
elite
mis
sion
s by
Mug
hal e
mpe
ror.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
41.
01
412
0.1
1672
Am
eric
aF
rom
154
2-19
97,
117
Fra
ncis
can
mis
sion
arie
s m
arty
red,
in N
ew M
exic
o, A
rizo
na,
Illin
ois,
Tex
as:
P.A
vila
y A
yala
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
350
1.5
24
120.
116
73Ir
elan
dR
oman
Cat
holic
s pe
rsec
uted
; 16
81 p
rim
ate
of I
rela
nd O
.Plu
nke
tbe
com
es la
st m
arty
r of
Tyb
urn.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xA
R-Lat
500.
01
012
0.5
1676
Rus
sia
Cza
rist
tro
ops
slau
ghte
r 19
0 O
ld B
elie
ver
mon
ks a
nd o
ther
def
ende
rs o
f S
olov
ki m
onas
tery
in W
hite
Sea
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
I-OBe
190
10.0
27
121.
516
80A
mer
ica
22 F
ranc
isca
n m
issi
onar
ies.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
400.
01
012
2.9
1682
Rus
sia
Old
Bel
ieve
r ar
chpr
iest
Avv
aku
m P
etro
vich
burn
ed a
t st
ake,
mon
ks m
assa
cred
; th
ousa
nds
mor
e ex
ecut
ed;
Boy
arin
a M
oro
zova
dies
in p
riso
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xI
I-OBe
3,00
00.
33
212
3.6
1685
Fra
nce
Edi
ct o
f N
ante
s re
voke
d, H
ugue
nots
fle
e or
are
kill
ed;
Lo
uis
de
Mar
olle
s, I.
Le
Fev
re..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
P-Ref
5,00
01.
33
412
4.7
1686
Italy
With
Edi
ct o
f N
ante
s, 8
,000
of
the
16,0
00 W
alde
nsia
ns in
Ita
ly a
re m
assa
cred
and
the
res
t ex
pelle
d.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
P-Ref
8,00
050
.03
912
5.0
1687
Hun
gary
Blo
od T
rial
of
Epe
ries
, pe
rsec
utio
n til
l 178
1; la
rge
num
bers
of
Pro
test
ants
exe
cute
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
P-Ref
5,00
05.
03
612
5.4
1691
Bol
ivia
Jesu
its w
ork
amon
g C
hiqu
ito I
ndia
ns;
Jose
de
Arc
eki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
20.
01
012
6.8
1693
Indi
aM
adra
s: p
erse
cutio
n un
der
Hin
du M
arav
a ra
jah
Ran
gana
gade
ven;
J.d
e B
rito
SJ
behe
aded
out
side
Ura
iyur
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xH
R-Lat
100
0.1
20
127.
516
93B
urm
aK
ing
of P
egu
drow
ns P
aris
mis
sion
arie
s; f
irst
Rom
an C
atho
lic c
hurc
h bu
ilt;
frs
Gen
ou
dan
d Jo
ret
mar
tyre
d at
cap
ital c
ity A
va..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
41.
01
412
7.5
1697
Japa
nLa
st g
reat
mar
tyrd
om in
Jap
an,
35 v
ictim
s in
Min
o; t
otal
all
Japa
nese
mar
tyrs
fro
m 1
614-
1697
exc
eeds
200
,000
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
60,0
0022
.24
812
9.0
1698
Indo
chin
a8
ongo
ing
seve
re p
erse
cutio
ns in
169
8 (2
00 c
hurc
hes
dest
roye
d un
der
king
Min
-Won
g),
1712
, 17
21,
1723
, 17
37,
1745
, 17
50,
1773
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
2,00
00.
63
312
9.4
1699
Trin
idad
Car
ib I
ndia
ns o
f S
an F
ranc
isco
de
los
Ave
ssal
es m
urde
r C
apuc
hin
fria
rs;
man
y In
dian
s th
en h
ange
d by
Spa
niar
ds.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
R-Lat
100
2.0
25
129.
717
02F
ranc
eC
amis
ards
(C
alvi
nist
glo
ssol
alis
ts)
rebe
l, 12
,000
exe
cute
d in
Lan
gued
oc a
lone
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xR
I-Ref
15,0
0015
.04
713
1.0
1704
Chi
naP
erse
cutio
n th
roug
hout
em
pire
; m
any
RC
mis
sion
arie
s an
d co
nver
ts k
illed
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
10,0
003.
34
513
1.9
1704
Am
eric
aS
tron
g C
apuc
hin
mis
sion
s in
Flo
rida
des
troy
ed b
y E
nglis
h go
vern
or,
mis
sion
arie
s ex
ecut
ed:
300
Chr
istia
n A
pala
chee
Ind
ians
kill
ed,
1,00
0 en
slav
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
R-Lat
400
30.8
28
131.
917
06C
ongo
Sup
pres
sion
of A
nton
ian
risi
ng;
Bla
ck p
roph
etes
s D
on
na
Bea
tric
ebu
rned
at
stak
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
I-CCa
2,00
00.
23
213
2.8
1714
Rom
ania
Exe
cutio
ns b
y O
ttom
an T
urks
; O
rtho
dox
prin
ce C
on
stan
tin
e B
ran
kove
anu
, m
any
yout
hful
Neo
mar
tyrs
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Rum
1,00
00.
03
013
6.6
1719
Indo
chin
a11
th A
nnam
Per
secu
tion,
700
chu
rche
s de
stro
yed;
9 V
ietn
ames
e m
arty
rs o
ffici
ally
rec
ogni
zed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
5,00
01.
43
413
9.0
1729
Sia
mLo
cal p
erse
cutio
ns o
f R
oman
Cat
holic
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .B
R-Lat
200
10.0
27
143.
917
31M
icro
nesi
aJe
suit
mis
sion
ary
Juan
An
ton
io C
anto
vaS
J ki
lled
at M
ogm
og in
Car
olin
e Is
land
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
100.
31
214
4.9
1736
Per
sia
Vio
lent
per
secu
tion
unde
r N
ader
Sha
h; C
atho
lic w
ork
dest
roye
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
5,00
050
.03
914
7.4
1737
Tibe
tIn
furi
ated
Bud
dhis
t m
onks
per
secu
te J
esui
ts a
nd C
apuc
hins
, 17
42 d
estr
oy f
irst T
ibet
an c
hurc
h, a
nd k
ill m
ost
of t
he 4
0 Ti
beta
n be
lieve
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.B
R-Lat
3570
.01
914
7.9
1746
Chi
naW
ides
prea
d, s
ever
e, in
term
itten
t 38
-yea
r pe
rsec
utio
ns:
1749
bp
P.S
anz
behe
aded
, 5
OP
and
2 S
J m
issi
onar
ies
stra
ngle
d; a
lso
1781
, 17
84..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
20,0
008.
04
615
2.6
1749
Am
eric
aD
elaw
ares
, or
Len
ni-L
enap
e tr
ibes
(A
mer
indi
an C
hris
tians
) m
assa
cred
at
Gna
denh
uette
n se
ttlem
ent;
rem
nant
s fle
e to
Ont
ario
, C
anad
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
I-Ang
600
0.0
20
154.
217
50W
orld
Tota
l of
mar
tyrs
list
ed a
bove
dur
ing
Epo
ch V
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–4,
000,
701
2.6
24
154.
717
50W
orld
All
othe
r m
arty
rdom
situ
atio
ns,
know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
V.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–32
0,00
00.
22
415
4.7
1750
Wor
ldB
ackg
roun
d m
arty
rdom
dur
ing
Epo
ch V
(in
divi
dual
, do
mes
tic,
fam
ily,
isol
ated
). .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
–
–19
3,00
00.
10
015
4.7
1750
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
du
rin
g E
po
ch V
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–4,
513,
701
2.9
24
154.
717
50W
orl
dG
lob
al c
um
ula
tive
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–21
,911
,754
0.6
34
154.
7
EP
OC
H V
I:R
EP
UD
IAT
ION
AN
D R
EV
IVA
L,A
D 1
750-
1815
1754
Otto
man
Em
pire
Ste
ady
stre
am o
f O
rtho
dox
kille
d (T
he
New
Mar
tyrs
); 1
754
neom
arty
r N
ich
ola
s, 1
771
Dam
asce
nu
s, 1
794
Po
lyd
oru
s th
e C
ypri
ot,
179
5 T
heo
do
re..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Gre
30,0
000.
34
215
8.2
1754
Tim
orD
utch
col
onis
ts d
ecim
ate
Dom
inic
an w
ork
acro
ss is
land
; 2,
000
Cat
holic
s ki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xP
R-Lat
2,00
010
.03
715
8.2
1754
Gre
ece
Num
erou
s ze
alou
s O
rtho
dox
yout
hs b
ecom
e ne
omar
tyrs
: N
ich
ola
s o
f C
hio
s, 1
813
An
gel
is,
1838
Geo
rgio
sto
rtur
ed t
o de
ath.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Gre
400
0.0
20
158.
2c1
760
Rus
sia
Ale
xand
er I
’s v
iole
nt p
erse
cutio
n of
Duk
hobo
rs a
nd o
ther
sec
tari
ans;
177
1 in
Pla
gue
Rio
t, m
ob m
urde
rs a
bp A
mb
rose
of
Kru
tits
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xO
I-Rus
1,00
00.
03
016
3.7
1761
Sur
inam
Thr
ee A
mer
indi
an c
onve
rts
of t
he M
orav
ian
Bre
thre
n ar
e ki
lled
by f
ugiti
ve s
lave
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Mor
100.
01
016
4.6
1764
Sia
mR
oman
Cat
holic
s an
nihi
late
d by
Bur
mes
e in
vade
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
2,00
050
.03
916
7.4
1773
Indo
chin
a12
th A
nnam
Per
secu
tion,
in s
ever
al w
aves
: 17
98 V
ietn
ames
e pr
iest
s E
.Tri
eu,J
.Dat
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
300.
01
017
6.1
1780
Indi
aU
nder
dew
an N
agam
Pill
ai,
crue
l per
secu
tion
of M
alab
ar N
esto
rian
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xH
O-Nes
5,00
05.
03
618
3.2
c178
0E
gypt
Man
y C
optic
gov
ernm
ent
offic
ials
exe
cute
d by
Mam
eluk
es, T
urks
: vi
zier
Riz
k A
gh
a, 1
822
scri
be M
u’a
llim
Gh
ali(
an R
C c
onve
rt).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Cop
2,00
01.
03
418
3.2
1780
Arg
entin
aC
olon
izat
ion
of P
atag
onia
fro
m 1
780
on is
acc
ompa
nied
by
mar
tyrd
oms:
182
5 fr
B.P
og
io..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.T
R-Lat
100.
01
018
3.2
1782
US
AG
nade
nhut
ten
Mas
sacr
e: U
S m
ilitia
sla
ught
ers
entir
e M
orav
ian
villa
ge o
f 96
Del
awar
e In
dian
s, w
omen
, ch
ildre
n; 1
781
fr F
.T.G
arce
s; 1
847
M.&
N.W
hit
man
.. .
. .
.
x.
I-Con
904.
51
518
5.2
1784
Indi
aTi
ppu,
Mus
lim s
ulta
n of
Mys
ore,
des
troy
s 27
anc
ient
chu
rche
s, f
orci
bly
circ
umci
ses
50,0
00 C
hris
tians
; 17
98 k
ills
10,0
00.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Nes
10,0
005.
04
618
7.3
1785
Kor
eaC
hin-
san
Inci
dent
as
Con
fuci
anis
ts a
ttack
Chr
istia
ns:
first
10
conv
erts
exe
cute
d; 1
791
Pau
l Yu
n;
then
per
secu
tions
179
5, 1
801,
181
5, 1
827,
183
9, 1
846,
186
6..
. .
. xG
R-Lat
500
50.0
29
188.
417
88A
ustr
alia
Num
erou
s tr
ibal
cul
ture
s de
stro
yed
as n
ewly
-arr
ived
Whi
te s
ettle
rs s
laug
hter
Abo
rigi
nes
as s
ubhu
man
: th
ough
bap
tized
, m
any
are
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xA
I-Ang
1,00
010
.03
719
1.6
1789
Fra
nce
Man
y cl
ergy
exe
cute
d du
ring
Ter
ror;
179
2 ab
p J.
M.D
u L
au,
1794
bp
L.A
.Exp
illy,
fr
C.C
arn
us,
Car
mel
ite M
arty
rs o
f C
ompi
ègne
(al
so L
aval
, O
rang
e).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
5,00
00.
03
019
2.7
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
MARTYROLOGY 241
Con
tinue
d ov
erle
af
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1791
Hai
tiR
evol
utio
n by
Bla
ck s
lave
s be
gins
; S
pani
ards
sla
ught
ered
at
mas
s; a
fter
1800
, a
cent
ury
of r
evol
utio
ns,
assa
ssin
atio
ns,
killi
ngs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
3,00
00.
73
319
4.9
1795
Kor
ea1s
t G
reat
Per
secu
tion:
400
Kor
ean
Chr
istia
ns p
ublic
ly e
xecu
ted:
180
1 C
hine
se p
ries
t Ja
mes
Ch
o W
en-M
o,S
.C.H
wan
g;
man
y m
ore
in 1
815,
182
7..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xG
R-Lat
2,50
025
.03
819
9.3
1799
Tong
aF
irst
3 m
issi
onar
ies
of L
ondo
n M
issi
onar
y S
ocie
ty a
re m
assa
cred
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
P-Con
33.
01
520
3.8
1800
US
AF
irst
maj
or s
lave
reb
ellio
n w
ith B
lack
Chr
istia
n ar
my
of 1
0,00
0; le
ader
Gab
riel
Pro
sser
exec
uted
with
34
zeal
ous
follo
wer
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
I-Bap
300
0.0
20
205.
018
01E
gypt
Turk
s ki
ll co
ntin
uous
str
eam
of
Cop
ts;
gove
rnm
ent
offic
ial M
ual
lim M
alat
i..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Cop
3,00
01.
93
420
6.5
1809
Indi
aD
ewan
Vel
u Ta
mpi
mas
sacr
es 3
,000
Nes
tori
an C
hris
tians
and
9 c
lerg
y in
Tra
vanc
ore
and
Coc
hin.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xH
O-Nes
3,00
010
.03
721
9.3
1811
Chi
naD
ecre
e of
Kia
-tsi
ng a
gain
st C
atho
lic p
reac
hing
; J.
C.T
apen
g,A
.Ch
ao,F
.Cle
t; 1
816
fr G
.Lan
tru
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
2,00
00.
93
322
2.6
1815
Wor
ldTo
tal o
f m
arty
rs li
sted
abo
ve d
urin
g E
poch
VI.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
–
–72
,843
0.0
34
229.
418
15W
orld
All
othe
r m
arty
rdom
situ
atio
ns,
know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
VI
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–5,
800
0.0
34
229.
418
15W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
VI
(indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed)
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–74
,600
0.0
00
229.
418
15W
orl
dG
lob
al t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs d
uri
ng
Ep
och
VI
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
153,
243
0.1
34
229.
418
15W
orl
dG
lob
al c
um
ula
tive
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–22
,064
,997
0.6
34
229.
4
EP
OC
H V
II:T
HE
GR
EA
T C
EN
TU
RY,
AD
181
5-19
1418
17V
enez
uela
Mur
der
of 3
0 C
apuc
hin
mis
sion
ary
prie
sts
and
4 br
othe
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
340.
01
023
4.0
1817
Syr
iaV
iole
nt p
erse
cutio
n of
Cat
holic
s in
Ale
ppo
and
Dam
ascu
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
1,00
05.
03
623
4.0
1817
US
AB
lack
Afr
ican
Met
hodi
st f
reed
sla
ve D
enm
ark
Ves
eyle
ads
US
A’s
larg
est
slav
e in
surr
ectio
n, w
ith a
rmy
of 9
,000
; ha
nged
, w
ith 3
6 ot
her
Chr
istia
n le
ader
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
I-Bap
350
0.0
20
234.
018
21C
ypru
sTu
rks
hang
Ort
hodo
x et
hnar
ch a
bp K
ypri
ano
s, a
ll 3
bish
ops,
abb
ots,
and
486
pri
ests
, an
d la
y pe
rson
s as
alle
ged
guer
rilla
rep
risa
ls..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
O-Gre
3,00
02.
53
524
3.4
1821
Indo
chin
a13
th A
nnam
Per
secu
tion,
in a
ser
ies
of v
irule
nt w
aves
: 18
33 F
.-I.
Gag
elin
, 18
37 f
r J.
C.C
orn
ay,
1838
bp
I.D
elg
ado
, 18
57 b
p D
iaz
behe
aded
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
10,0
002.
64
524
3.4
1821
Gre
ece
Otto
man
Tur
k of
ficia
ls h
ang,
lync
h, o
r ex
ecut
e G
reek
Ort
hodo
x bi
shop
s an
d pr
iest
s ac
ross
Gre
ece,
als
o in
Cre
te..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Gre
5,00
00.
33
224
3.4
1822
Turk
eyG
reek
Ort
hodo
x an
d C
atho
lics
mas
sacr
ed in
Ist
anbu
l; ec
umen
ical
pat
riar
ch G
reg
ory
Van
d bi
shop
s ha
nged
afte
r E
aste
r D
ay li
turg
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Gre
23,0
001.
14
424
5.8
1827
Chi
naIn
term
itten
t bu
t vi
olen
t pe
rsec
utio
ns:
chur
ches
in P
ekin
g de
mol
ishe
d, p
ries
ts h
unte
d do
wn
and
exec
uted
incl
udin
g bp
of
Che
ngtu
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
400
0.0
20
258.
218
28Tu
rkey
20,0
00 C
atho
lic A
rmen
ians
exp
elle
d fr
om I
stan
bul,
man
y ex
ecut
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
O-Arm
1,00
05.
03
626
0.8
1830
Lith
uani
aTs
aris
t de
port
atio
ns o
f R
oman
Cat
holic
s (5
,000
pri
ests
and
nun
s) t
o S
iber
ia,
and
sim
ilarl
y in
186
3..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xO
R-Lat
10,0
001.
04
426
5.9
1831
Iran
, Ir
aqN
esto
rian
s m
assa
cred
by
Kur
ds;
also
184
3, 1
846.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
O-Nes
15,0
0018
.84
726
8.6
1831
US
AM
ajor
vio
lent
Bla
ck s
lave
insu
rrec
tion,
led
by N
at T
urn
er,
a B
lack
Bap
tist
char
ism
atic
pro
phet
; ha
nged
, w
ith a
hun
dred
fol
low
ers;
man
y ot
hers
mas
sacr
ed..
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
I-Bap
800
0.0
20
268.
618
34S
umat
raA
BC
FM
mis
sion
arie
s H
enry
Lym
an&
Sam
uel
Mu
nso
n,
inte
r al
ios,
kill
ed b
y B
atak
tri
besm
en..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Con
100
20.0
28
276.
618
34M
adag
asca
rQ
ueen
Ran
aval
ona
I’s c
ruel
25-
year
per
secu
tion:
183
4, c
onve
rted
idol
-kee
per
Rai
nit
sian
dav
aka
& 2
00 f
ollo
wer
s ki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xT
I-Con
1,80
045
.03
827
6.6
1838
Aus
tral
iaC
ontin
uous
Whi
te a
troc
ities
and
pol
ice
brut
ality
kill
20%
of
all A
bori
gene
s (2
0,00
0; m
any
bapt
ized
) by
194
8, e
spec
ially
in 1
838,
190
8, 1
926,
194
4, 1
963.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xA
I-Ang
5,00
040
.03
828
7.8
1839
Oce
ania
Mis
sion
ary
mar
tyrs
: 18
39 J
.Will
iam
s(N
ew H
ebri
des)
, 18
41 f
r P.
M.C
han
el(o
n F
utun
a) &
7 o
ther
Mar
ists
, 18
71 b
p J.
C.P
atte
son
(Sol
omon
s),
J. A
tkin
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
A-Ang
400
4.0
25
290.
618
39K
orea
2nd
Gre
at P
erse
cutio
n: M
arty
rs o
f K
ore
a(8
1 R
Cs,
183
9-46
); b
p L
.Im
ber
t, f
rs P
.Mau
ban
t,J.
H.C
has
tan
;J.
Ri;
1846
, 3r
d G
reat
Per
secu
tion:
fr
A.K
im..
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
2,00
020
.03
829
0.6
1840
Phi
lippi
nes
Rev
olut
iona
ries
: A
.De
la C
ruz,
187
2 fr
s G
om
ez,Z
amo
ra,B
urg
os
garr
oted
, 18
96 J
ose
Riz
al..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
I-Cat
2,00
00.
13
029
3.5
1842
Rus
sia
Sav
age
tsar
ist
pers
ecut
ion
of C
atho
lics
over
pro
trac
ted
peri
od;
1861
abp
J.S
oko
lski
jim
mur
ed in
Kie
v..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xO
R-Lat
10,0
000.
24
229
9.3
1843
Turk
eyTu
rkis
h of
ficia
ls u
se K
urdi
sh le
ader
Bed
r K
han
to m
assa
cre
20,0
00 N
esto
rian
s en
slav
ing
50,0
00 o
ther
s in
Kur
dist
an m
ount
ains
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Nes
20,0
0080
.04
930
2.3
1844
US
AM
orm
on f
ound
ers
Jose
ph
and
Hyr
um
Sm
ith
lync
hed
by m
obs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.P
m-LdS
200.
41
230
5.3
1845
Leba
non
Dru
zes
kill
12,0
00 M
aron
ites
in 1
5 ye
ars
up t
o ‘M
assa
cres
of
the
Six
ties’
; 10
0,00
0 ho
mel
ess.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Mar
12,0
004.
84
530
8.3
1846
Sol
omon
sM
aris
t m
issi
on a
band
oned
afte
r 10
yea
rs;
bish
op E
pal
leki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
12.
01
531
1.3
1847
New
Cal
edon
iaC
atho
lic m
issi
on a
band
oned
in m
assa
cre;
frè
re M
arm
oit
on
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
1020
.01
831
4.4
1847
Indo
chin
a14
th A
nnam
Per
secu
tion;
115
pri
ests
kill
ed;
Mar
tyrs
of T
on
kin
; se
vera
l bis
hops
exe
cute
d; m
ore
pers
ecut
ions
185
1, 1
856,
188
4..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
18,0
004.
04
531
4.4
1849
Col
ombi
aS
tate
per
secu
tion:
Jes
uits
and
3 b
isho
ps d
epor
ted,
sev
eral
kill
ings
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
100
0.0
20
320.
718
49T
haila
ndA
ll fo
reig
n m
issi
onar
ies
expe
lled
duri
ng lo
cal p
erse
cutio
n w
hich
leav
es li
ttle
Chr
istia
n pr
esen
ce le
ft..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
400.
01
032
0.7
1851
Arg
entin
aTi
erra
del
Fue
go:
Pat
agon
ian
Mis
sion
ary
Soc
iety
par
ty o
f 15
sta
rved
to
deat
h; A
llen
Gar
din
er;
1859
, Abo
rige
nes
kill
furt
her
part
y of
8.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
A-Ang
252.
51
532
7.4
1855
Eth
iopi
aE
mpe
ror
The
odor
e II
pers
ecut
es R
oman
Cat
holic
s; f
r G
abra
Mik
ael,
1860
bp
Just
in d
e Ja
cob
is.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xO
R-Lat
2,00
020
.03
834
2.0
1856
US
AJa
mes
J.S
tran
g,
foun
der
in 1
844
of C
JCLd
S (
Str
angi
tes)
, is
sho
t by
2 f
ollo
wer
s, s
ect
then
ext
ingu
ishe
d by
fis
herm
en n
ear
Gre
at L
akes
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .m
m-LdS
100.
21
234
5.7
1859
Syr
iaM
arty
rs o
f D
amas
cus
(4 S
pani
sh C
atho
lic p
ries
ts):
N.A
scan
io,J
.J.F
ern
and
ez,N
.M.d
e A
lber
a,P.
So
ler.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
R-Lat
40.
11
035
7.2
1860
Egy
ptC
ontin
uous
Otto
man
pre
ssur
e on
Cop
ts;
1861
pat
riar
ch C
yril
IVpo
ison
ed b
y kh
ediv
e of
Egy
pt.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Cop
300
0.1
21
361.
118
60Le
bano
n, S
yria
Ful
l-fle
dged
civ
il w
ar:
11,0
00 M
aron
ites
(man
y w
ealth
y) m
assa
cred
by
Dru
zes,
4,0
00 o
ther
Chr
istia
ns k
illed
: fr
E.B
illo
ttet
SJ
& 4
com
pani
ons.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Mar
15,0
008.
04
636
1.1
1861
Indo
chin
a16
th A
nnam
Per
secu
tion
amid
st m
assi
ve c
hurc
h gr
owth
; fo
rmal
exe
cutio
ns o
f bp
s H
.Her
mo
silla
OP,
V.B
.Och
oa.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
3,00
00.
83
336
5.1
1862
Chi
naA
nnih
ilatio
n of
35
mill
ion
Taip
ing
quas
i-Chr
istia
ns (
Gre
at H
eave
nly
Kin
gdom
) un
der
Hun
g H
siu-
chua
n ba
sed
on N
anki
ng..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
I-qCh
1,00
0,00
02.
97
536
9.1
1865
Par
agua
yO
ver
60%
of
popu
latio
n ki
lled
in w
ar w
ith B
razi
l..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
1,00
00.
13
138
1.3
1865
Japa
nW
aves
of
pers
ecut
ion
of K
akur
e K
iris
hita
n (H
idde
n C
hris
tians
) as
the
y ar
e di
scov
ered
by
ente
ring
Cat
holic
mis
sion
arie
s; p
erse
cutio
ns e
nd 1
873.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
I-3mQ
2,00
06.
73
638
1.3
1866
Kor
eaF
inal
Gre
at P
erse
cutio
n: b
ps S
.-F.
Ber
nea
ux
& M
.A.N
.Dav
elu
ybe
head
ed,
7 pr
iest
s, m
any
cate
chis
ts,
10,0
00 o
ther
bel
ieve
rs k
illed
; R
.J.T
ho
mas
,Pet
er C
ho
...
. .
xB
R-Lat
10,0
0040
.04
838
5.5
1868
Mal
iTw
o ca
rava
ns o
f W
hite
Fat
hers
mis
sion
arie
s m
assa
cred
187
6-81
, on
e by
Tua
reg
nom
ads.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
3050
.01
939
4.0
1869
Tha
iland
Nor
ther
n pr
ince
Kaw
iloro
t of
Chi
angm
ai m
urde
rs 2
key
con
vert
s: e
x-B
uddh
ist
abbo
t N
an C
hai
, an
d N
oi S
uny
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
P-Ref
100.
01
039
8.3
1870
Chi
naTi
ents
in B
lood
bath
: 2
Fre
nch
RC
pri
ests
, 10
Sis
ters
of
Cha
rity
, an
d C
hine
se b
elie
vers
mas
sacr
ed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
500.
01
040
2.6
1871
Fra
nce
Par
is:
Com
mun
e ex
ecut
es G
.Dar
boy
arch
bish
op o
f P
aris
, 60
pri
ests
and
rel
igio
us;
20,0
00 k
illed
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
R-Lat
300
0.1
21
407.
018
72B
ulga
ria
Blo
ody
supp
ress
ion
of B
ulga
rs,
mas
sacr
es b
y Tu
rks
till 1
912.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
O-Bul
110,
000
3.1
55
411.
518
75P
apua
Mis
sion
ary
loss
es d
ue t
o ca
nnib
alis
m b
ecom
e co
mm
on in
ear
ly y
ears
of
mis
sion
wor
k; o
n N
ew I
rela
nd,
4 F
ijian
mis
sion
arie
s ki
lled
and
cann
ibal
ized
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Con
600.
01
042
5.2
1877
Turk
eyU
pris
ing
by A
rmen
ians
, al
so b
y S
yria
n C
hris
tians
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
O-Arm
5,00
00.
43
243
4.5
1878
Italy
Old
Cat
holic
lead
er D
avid
shot
as
here
tic a
fter
foun
ding
Chi
esa
Uni
vers
ale
Giu
ris-
Dav
idic
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
I-OCa
100.
01
043
9.3
1880
Bri
tain
1880
-188
5: p
eak
of v
iole
nt p
erse
cutio
n of
Sal
vatio
nist
s: 6
60 b
ruta
lly a
ttack
ed,
thro
wn
into
pri
son,
whe
re 2
0 di
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .A
P-Sal
500.
11
144
8.9
1881
Uru
ndi
Mas
sacr
e of
Whi
te F
athe
rs:
frs
Au
gie
r, D
’Ho
op
, D
enia
ud
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
33.
01
545
3.9
1883
Mad
agas
car
Fre
nch
war
s 18
83-9
6, w
aves
of
terr
or;
man
y ch
urch
es d
estr
oyed
; 18
96 f
r J.
Ber
thie
uS
J cl
ubbe
d by
pag
ans.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
5,00
00.
83
346
3.8
1883
Ken
yaA
rabs
plu
nder
Ful
odoy
a se
ttlem
ent
for
runa
way
sla
ves,
beh
ead
teac
her
and
prot
omar
tyr
Dav
id K
oi.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
A-Ang
200
2.0
25
463.
818
85S
inga
pore
Dur
ing
big
Chi
nese
sur
ge in
to C
atho
lic C
hurc
h 18
85-1
900,
Tri
ad s
ecre
t so
ciet
ies
kill
300
Chi
nese
con
vert
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
R-Lat
300
10.0
27
474.
118
85U
gand
aU
gan
da
Mar
tyrs
(250
Ang
lican
s an
d R
Cs;
Ch
arle
s L
wan
ga)
; bi
shop
J.H
ann
ing
ton
; 18
97 G
.L.P
ilkin
gto
n.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
A-Ang
1,00
010
.03
747
4.1
1886
Eth
iopi
a30
Fal
asha
Jew
ish
fam
ilies
, co
nver
ts t
o A
nglic
an C
MJ,
mar
tyre
d by
Mah
dist
s fr
om S
udan
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
A-Ang
300
50.0
29
479.
218
86U
SA
In A
lask
a, s
pora
dic
killi
ngs
of m
issi
onar
ies
and
Indi
an w
orke
rs c
ontin
ue:
abp
C.J
.Seg
her
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
500.
01
047
9.2
1887
Togo
Cat
holic
mis
sion
fou
nded
by
fr J
.Mo
ran
, w
ho is
the
n po
ison
ed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
15.
01
648
4.5
1887
Mic
rone
sia
On
Pon
ape
(Car
olin
es),
gov
erno
r an
d pa
rty
kille
d; 1
890,
Pon
ape
Mas
sacr
e of
1,5
00 S
pani
ards
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
1,50
03.
03
548
4.5
1890
Bhu
tan
Nep
ali a
nd L
epch
a co
nver
ts f
rom
Ind
ia (
Ch
of S
cotla
nd M
issi
on)
ente
r B
huta
n as
mis
sion
arie
s, b
ut m
ost
die
ther
e, s
ever
al b
eing
poi
sone
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
P-Ref
4040
.01
850
0.6
1894
Turk
ey30
0,00
0 A
rmen
ian
Chr
istia
ns (
10,0
00 P
rote
stan
ts)
mas
sacr
ed:
arch
iman
drite
Jo
hn
Pap
izia
n,
176
prie
sts,
25
Pro
test
ant
past
ors.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Arm
280,
000
17.5
57
522.
818
96M
asho
nala
ndU
pris
ing
agai
nst
Bri
tish;
Afr
ican
s ki
lled
are
late
r ca
noni
zed
by A
fric
an I
ndep
ende
nt C
hurc
hes
(AIC
s); A
nglic
an c
atec
hist
Ber
nar
d M
izek
ikill
ed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xA
I-3aA
500.
51
353
4.4
1896
Turk
eyF
r S
alva
tore
Lill
iOF
M a
nd 1
1 C
atho
lics
assa
ssin
ated
nea
r M
aras
h..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
200.
01
053
4.4
1900
Nor
th C
hina
Box
er R
evol
t; 5
RC
bis
hops
, 31
pri
ests
, 18
8 P
rote
stan
t m
issi
onar
ies
kille
d, a
lso
48,0
00 C
hine
se c
onve
rts
(3,5
00 O
rtho
dox)
; W
ang
Ten
Ren
, C
.& E
.Pri
ce.
. .
. .
. .
xB
A-Ang
49,0
002.
94
555
8.1
1901
Pap
uaO
rdai
ned
LMS
mis
sion
arie
s J.
Ch
alm
ers
and
O.T
om
kin
sm
urde
red
and
cann
ibal
ized
nea
r G
oari
bari
Isl
and.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Con
50.
01
056
4.1
1904
New
Bri
tain
At
Bai
ning
, m
assa
cre
of 2
RC
pri
ests
, 3
brot
hers
, 5
nuns
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
105.
01
658
2.5
1904
SW
Afr
ica
Ger
man
tro
ops
kill
80,0
00 H
erer
os a
nd N
amas
(10
% C
hris
tians
) fr
om 1
904-
1908
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xP
P-Lut
6,00
030
.03
858
2.5
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
242 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
Con
tinue
d be
low
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1905
Man
chur
ia2,
000
Pre
sbyt
eria
ns k
illed
by
Japa
nese
Shi
ntoi
sts;
eva
ngel
ists
Kim
,Ni,
An
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xS
P-Ref
2,00
010
.03
758
8.7
1905
Cili
cia
Mas
sacr
e of
Arm
enia
n C
hris
tians
by
Turk
s in
sou
th.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Arm
20,0
001.
24
458
8.7
1905
Hon
g K
ong
Vio
lenc
e an
d pe
rsec
utio
n: E
lean
or
Ch
estn
ut
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.B
P-Eva
500.
01
058
8.7
1905
Bur
kina
Fas
oIn
Upp
er V
olta
, fir
st C
atho
lic b
aptis
ms
resu
lt in
sev
ere
pers
ecut
ion
incl
udin
g de
aths
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.T
R-Lat
100
0.0
20
588.
719
05A
zerb
aija
nB
aku
mas
sacr
es:
1905
, go
vern
or g
oads
loca
l Tat
ars
in 4
-day
sla
ught
er o
f Arm
enia
n C
hris
tians
; 19
18,
20,0
00 A
rmen
ians
mas
sacr
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
O-Arm
21,0
005.
04
658
8.7
1906
US
AN
umer
ous
Bla
ck p
ente
cost
al p
ione
ers
are
mur
dere
d am
ong
3,43
7 N
egro
es ly
nche
d by
Whi
te r
acis
ts,
1882
-192
2 (1
00 a
yea
r up
to
1963
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .P
I-3pB
2,30
07.
73
659
5.0
1909
Turk
eyIn
Ada
na,
larg
est
city
of
Cili
cia,
fur
ther
mas
sacr
e of
Arm
enia
ns,
incl
udin
g A
rmen
ian
Eva
ngel
ical
Uni
on a
t th
eir
annu
al c
onfe
renc
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Arm
45,0
002.
74
561
4.4
1910
Mex
ico
Nat
iona
l Rev
olut
ion
kills
1,0
00,0
00 C
hris
tians
(30
,000
fro
m 1
927-
29),
mai
nly
Cat
holic
s bu
t w
ith m
any
Pro
test
ants
; 19
27 f
r M
.Pro
Ju
arez
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
70,0
000.
54
362
0.9
1910
Egy
ptLa
st s
tage
s of
Otto
man
pre
ssur
e on
Cop
ts;
youn
g de
acon
Sid
ho
m B
ish
aiki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Cop
600
0.0
20
620.
919
10K
orea
35-y
ear
Japa
nese
occ
upat
ion
enfo
rces
Shi
ntoi
sm,
kills
tho
usan
ds.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xS
R-Lat
15,0
007.
54
662
0.9
1914
Wor
ldTo
tal o
f m
arty
rs li
sted
abo
ve d
urin
g E
poch
VII
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
1,80
9,43
30.
33
464
8.0
1914
Wor
ldA
ll ot
her
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ions
, kn
own
or u
nkno
wn,
dur
ing
Epo
ch V
II.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
145,
000
0.0
34
648.
019
14W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
VII
(indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
–
–32
1,00
00.
10
064
8.0
1914
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
du
rin
g E
po
ch V
II.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–2,
275,
433
0.4
34
648.
019
14W
orl
dG
lob
al c
um
ula
tive
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–24
,340
,430
0.5
34
648.
0
EP
OC
H V
III:V
IGO
UR
AM
IDS
T S
TOR
M,A
D 1
914-
1950
1914
Per
sia
Nes
tori
ans
conv
ert
to R
ussi
an O
rtho
doxy
und
er s
ecur
ity g
uara
ntee
s bu
t ar
e be
tray
ed,
then
ann
ihila
ted
by T
urks
at
Urm
ia in
Per
sia.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
O-Nes
50,0
0050
.04
964
8.0
1914
Eur
ope
Out
of
8.4
mill
ion
kille
d in
Wor
ld W
ar I
, m
any
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs f
or t
he f
aith
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
100,
000
0.0
50
648.
019
15Tu
rkey
Fin
al m
assa
cre
of 6
00,0
00 A
rmen
ian
Chr
istia
ns in
Ana
tolia
; 6
00,0
00 m
ore
depo
rted
fro
m T
urke
y, m
any
dyin
g by
roa
dsid
e or
in S
yria
n de
sert
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Arm
600,
000
34.3
68
653.
019
16Le
bano
nO
ttom
ans
mur
der
100,
000
Mar
onite
s (2
2% o
f M
aron
ite p
opul
atio
n)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
R-Mar
100,
000
22.2
58
658.
119
17Ir
an, T
urke
yN
esto
rian
s m
assa
cred
by
Turk
s an
d K
urds
; ca
thol
icos
mar
Ben
jam
in S
him
un
XIX
assa
ssin
ated
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xM
O-Nes
20,0
0040
.04
866
3.2
1917
US
SR
Bol
shev
iks
atta
ck R
ussi
an O
rtho
dox
Chu
rch:
191
7-26
, 78
Ort
hodo
x bi
shop
s, 1
2,00
0 pr
iest
s ki
lled
(8,1
00 in
192
2);
1917
-80,
tot
al c
lerg
y ki
lled
200,
000.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Rus
1,00
0,00
00.
97
366
3.2
1918
Iran
Kill
ings
of
Cha
ldea
n C
atho
lic a
rchb
isho
p A
ud
o,
apos
tolic
del
egat
e S
on
tag
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
R-Cha
500.
01
066
8.4
1918
Turk
eyTu
rks
mas
sacr
e 80
% o
f al
l Syr
ian
Ort
hodo
x: m
onks
of T
ur A
bdin
cha
ined
and
bur
ied
aliv
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Syr
30,0
0075
.04
966
8.4
1918
Geo
rgia
Ort
hodo
x C
hurc
h cr
ushe
d by
Bol
shev
iks,
192
0-40
; 19
18 c
atho
licos
Kir
ion
, 19
23 a
bp N
asai
re..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Geo
60,0
0012
.04
766
8.4
1919
Kor
eaJa
pane
se r
uler
s co
mm
ence
mas
sive
per
secu
tion;
man
y C
hris
tians
and
mis
sion
arie
s ki
lled;
at
Suw
on,
chur
ch f
illed
with
wom
en a
nd c
hild
ren
burn
ed d
own.
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
10,0
003.
34
567
3.5
1920
Turk
eyA
rmen
ian
Chr
istia
ns m
assa
cred
by
Turk
s at
Mar
ash
and
Had
jin..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.M
O-Arm
30,0
005.
04
667
8.8
1921
Con
go40
-yea
r B
elgi
an p
erse
cutio
n of
EJC
SK
and
oth
er A
fric
an I
ndep
ende
nt C
hurc
hes
(AIC
s);
1951
fou
nder
pro
phet
Sim
on
Kim
ban
gu
dies
afte
r 30
yea
rs in
pri
son.
. .
. .
x.
I-3pA
1,00
00.
13
168
4.0
1921
US
SR
1921
-195
0, 1
5 m
illio
n C
hris
tians
die
in p
riso
n ca
mps
(=
New
Mar
tyrs
), in
clud
ing
30,0
00 c
lerg
y an
d 25
0 bi
shop
s, a
lso
past
ors,
eva
ngel
ists
, ca
tech
ists
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
O-Rus
15,0
00,0
0013
.610
768
4.0
1921
US
ATu
lsa
Rac
e R
iot:
Whi
te m
obs
torc
h 35
-blo
ck B
lack
bus
ines
s di
stri
ct,
burn
chu
rche
s, b
urn
or ly
nch
250
Bla
cks.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .P
I-3aB
200
0.0
20
684.
019
22K
azak
hsta
nIn
Sem
ipal
atin
sk,
12 O
rtho
dox
cler
gy t
ortu
red
and
shot
, 84
mor
e in
Ast
rakh
an,
and
hund
reds
els
ewhe
re.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
O-Rus
2,00
00.
03
068
9.4
1923
Turk
eyIn
Gre
co-T
urki
sh w
ar,
Gre
ek a
nd A
rmen
ian
popu
latio
n of
Sm
yrna
(Iz
mir)
mas
sacr
ed,
city
tor
ched
; m
etro
polit
an C
hry
sost
om
os
of S
myr
na (
Neo
mar
tyr)
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
O-Gre
3,00
00.
23
269
4.7
1925
US
SR
Sov
iets
atte
mpt
to
liqui
date
ent
ire R
oman
Cat
holic
Chu
rch,
whi
ch f
alls
fro
m 9
.2%
in 1
900
to 1
.5%
by
1950
; 19
35 e
xarc
h L
.Fed
oro
v, 1
936
mot
her
C.A
bri
koso
v..
. xa
R-Lat
1,20
0,00
08.
67
670
5.5
1927
Ukr
aine
34 U
krai
nian
Ort
hodo
x bi
shop
s, 2
,000
pri
ests
, 20
,000
lay
offic
ers,
all
mar
tyre
d, m
any
bein
g cr
ucifi
ed o
n ic
onos
tase
s;
bp N
.Bre
tzki
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Ukr
500,
000
2.0
65
716.
519
27C
hina
Civ
il w
ars,
ban
dits
, gu
erri
llas;
193
2 W
.E.S
imp
son
; 19
34 Y
.C.L
iu,
J.&
B.S
tam
; 19
40 f
r F.
V.L
ebb
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
P-Eva
200,
000
6.7
56
716.
519
27B
elor
ussi
aA
utoc
epha
lous
Chu
rch
exte
rmin
ated
, 19
27-1
938;
3 b
isho
ps m
urde
red:
Fila
ret
of B
obru
isk,
Mik
hai
lof
Slu
tsk,
Ioan
nof
Moz
yr;
1943
RC
exa
rch
Nem
ants
evic
h.
. .
. xa
O-Bye
120,
000
2.0
55
716.
519
27R
ussi
aU
nder
Bol
shev
ik d
icta
tor
Sta
lin,
a m
illio
n G
erm
an-o
rigi
n Lu
ther
ans
acro
ss R
ussi
a ar
e liq
uida
ted,
chu
rche
s de
stro
yed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Lut
600,
000
60.0
69
716.
519
28U
krai
ne95
% o
f al
l Ort
hodo
x pa
rish
es d
estr
oyed
, 16
UA
OC
bis
hops
kill
ed in
clud
ing
3 m
etro
polit
ans:
193
6 I.
Pav
livsk
y, 1
937
M.B
ore
tsky
, 19
38 V
.Lyp
kivs
ky.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Ukr
300,
000
3.0
55
722.
119
30K
enya
In f
emal
e ci
rcum
cisi
on c
ontr
over
sy, A
fric
an I
ndep
ende
nt P
ente
cost
al C
hurc
h is
per
secu
ted
for
27 y
ears
; 30
,000
Kik
uyu
kille
d; m
any
Kik
uyu
Chr
istia
n m
arty
rs..
. .
. .
.T
I-3pA
5,00
00.
53
373
3.3
1930
Rus
sia
Sov
iets
exp
and
elim
inat
ion
of R
ussi
an O
rtho
dox
Chu
rch
and
its le
ader
ship
: 19
30-5
0, 1
00 m
ore
bish
ops
kille
d or
die
in p
riso
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Rus
100
10.0
27
733.
319
31S
pain
Sep
arat
ion
of c
hurc
h fr
om s
tate
; m
any
prie
sts
and
relig
ious
kill
ed;
1936
his
tori
an Z
.Gar
cia
Vill
ada
SJ.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
8,00
00.
03
073
9.0
1932
El S
alva
dor
La M
assa
cre:
nat
iona
l arm
y sl
augh
ters
31,
000
Indi
ans
and
peas
ants
in 1
2 da
ys..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
5,00
00.
33
274
4.8
1932
Ukr
aine
1929
-37,
The
Ter
ror-
Fam
ine:
14.
5 m
illio
n O
rtho
dox
peas
ants
kill
ed o
r st
arve
d to
dea
th o
n or
ders
of
Sta
lin.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Ukr
2,70
0,00
010
.28
774
4.8
1933
Ger
man
yN
azis
per
secu
te C
onfe
ssin
g C
hurc
h, R
C C
hurc
h; f
r B
.Lic
hte
nb
erg
, 19
44 f
r M
.J.M
etzg
er,
prof
esso
r J.
Sch
mid
lin,1
945
Luth
eran
the
olog
ian
D.B
on
ho
effe
r..
. .
. .
xY
P-Lut
125,
000
0.2
52
750.
619
33Ir
aqA
ssyr
ians
(N
esto
rian
s) m
urde
red
by I
raqi
tro
ops.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
O-Nes
800
80.0
29
750.
619
33U
SA
Ran
dom
ass
assi
natio
ns:
1933
Arm
enia
n ab
p L
eon
tiu
s To
uri
anki
lled
at C
hris
tmas
Eve
mas
s, N
ew Y
ork
City
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.O
O-Arm
100
0.0
20
750.
619
34M
ongo
liaS
talin
ist
purg
es li
quid
ate
70,0
00 la
mas
, 30
,000
inte
llect
uals
, an
d m
ost
cryp
to-C
hris
tians
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
I-3hZ
1,00
071
.43
975
6.4
1934
Italy
Fas
cist
per
secu
tion
of P
ente
cost
als
kills
man
y, e
spec
ially
in A
ssem
blee
di D
io in
Ita
lia.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Pen
2,00
00.
03
075
6.4
1934
Kaz
akhs
tan
Larg
e nu
mbe
rs o
f R
ussi
an O
rtho
dox
cler
gy li
quid
ated
in p
riso
n ca
mps
: ab
p A
mb
rose
Po
lian
sky
of P
odol
sk..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
O-Rus
4,00
08.
03
675
6.4
1934
Latv
iaE
xecu
tions
of
cler
gy t
hrou
ghou
t La
tvia
: Jo
hn
Po
mm
erab
p of
Rig
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
R-Lat
500
0.0
20
756.
419
35U
SS
RV
icio
us p
erse
cutio
n of
und
ergr
ound
chu
rche
s (‘c
atac
omb
chur
ch’);
194
3 I.E
.Vo
ron
aev
shot
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
P-Pen
1,00
0,00
05.
07
676
2.3
1935
Japa
nS
ever
e pe
rsec
utio
n, k
illin
gs o
f m
embe
rs o
f Ja
pan
Hol
ines
s C
hurc
h (T
oyo
Sen
kyok
ai,
M=
OM
S).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
P-Hol
1,00
00.
13
076
2.3
1936
Spa
inC
ivil
War
: 13
bis
hops
, 4,
254
prie
sts,
2,4
89 m
onks
, 28
3 nu
ns,
and
100,
000
lay
Cat
holic
s ex
ecut
ed o
r as
sass
inat
ed:
Jesu
its L
.Isl
a,J.
Val
enti
,T.S
itja
r..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
107,
000
0.5
52
768.
219
36G
erm
any
Hitl
er o
rder
s ci
ty o
f B
erlin
‘cle
aned
up’
by r
ound
ing
up a
nd m
assa
crin
g th
ousa
nds
of S
inti
and
Rom
ani G
ypsi
es..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
R-Lat
50,0
0029
.94
876
8.2
1937
Eth
iopi
aIta
lian
conq
uest
: O
rtho
dox
bish
ops
Pet
ros,
Mik
aelm
urde
red
(pus
hed
out
of a
ircra
ft),
scor
es o
f pr
iest
s an
d m
onks
mas
sacr
ed,
chur
ches
raz
ed..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xR
O-Eth
500,
000
10.0
67
774.
119
37E
urop
eH
oloc
aust
: N
azis
kill
5 m
illio
n re
ligio
us J
ews
and
1 m
illio
n Je
wis
h C
hris
tians
; 19
42 E
dit
h S
tein
, 19
44 M
ax J
aco
b.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xY
I-3mJ
1,00
0,00
071
.47
977
4.1
1937
His
pani
ola
Troo
ps a
nd p
olic
e of
Dom
inic
an R
epub
lic m
assa
cre
5,00
0 H
aitia
n m
igra
nt la
bore
rs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
1,50
00.
03
077
4.1
1937
Rus
sia
Fin
al a
ttem
pt t
o liq
uida
te O
rtho
dox
Chu
rch:
193
7, 8
5,30
0 cl
ergy
sho
t; 19
38,
21,5
00 c
lerg
y sh
ot;
1939
, 90
0 sh
ot;
1939
-45,
100
mor
e ea
ch y
ear.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Rus
120,
000
25.0
58
774.
119
38A
rmen
iaS
yste
mat
ic p
erse
cutio
n of
Arm
enia
n O
rtho
dox
and
Arm
enia
n C
atho
lics
by S
ovie
t se
cret
pol
ice;
cat
holic
os K
ho
ren
Iki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Arm
30,0
002.
04
578
0.1
1938
Sin
kian
gY
arka
nd w
ork
(beg
un 1
892)
of
Sw
edis
h M
issi
onar
y S
ocie
ty d
estr
oyed
by
fana
tical
Mus
lims
and
Bol
shev
iks,
Uig
hur
chur
ch o
f 30
0 co
mm
unic
ants
obl
itera
ted.
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Lut
1,00
033
.33
878
0.1
1938
Eur
ope
Naz
is e
xter
min
ate
500,
000
Gyp
sies
acr
oss
Eur
ope
in t
he P
oraj
mos
(G
ypsy
Hol
ocau
st),
mos
tly C
hris
tians
; 19
38 J
ose
ph
Ho
rvat
h..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xY
R-Lat
350,
000
89.7
59
780.
119
38A
ustr
iaU
nder
Naz
i occ
upat
ion,
out
spok
en p
reac
hers
and
lay
Chr
istia
ns t
arge
ted
en m
asse
, w
ith m
any
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
4,00
00.
03
078
0.1
1939
Pol
and
Naz
is e
xecu
te 6
RC
bis
hops
, 2,
030
prie
sts,
173
bro
ther
s, 2
43 n
uns;
194
1 fr
M.K
olb
eO
FM
and
oth
ers
ento
mbe
d al
ive
in A
usch
witz
dea
th c
amp.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xY
R-Lat
1,00
0,00
03.
97
578
6.2
1939
Wor
ldO
ut o
f 55
mill
ion
kille
d in
Wor
ld W
ar I
I, m
any
mar
tyrs
; 19
42 f
r T.
Bra
nd
sma
in D
acha
u de
ath
cam
p..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
200,
000
0.0
50
786.
219
40G
reec
eG
erm
an,
Italia
n, B
ulga
rian
tro
ops
mur
der
350
Gre
ek O
rtho
dox
prie
sts.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xY
O-Gre
21,0
000.
34
279
2.3
1940
Bal
tic s
tate
s20
0,00
0 de
port
ed;
10,0
00 b
ps,
cler
gy,
nuns
sho
t or
kill
ed in
pri
son
by S
ovie
ts;
man
y B
aptis
t, Lu
ther
an m
arty
rs (
41 b
eing
pas
tors
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
P-Lut
150,
000
3.0
55
792.
319
40G
erm
any
Jeho
vah’
s W
itnes
ses
sava
gely
per
secu
ted
by N
azis
; 10
,000
inca
rcer
ated
, 2,
000
kille
d by
194
5..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
m-Jeh
2,00
00.
03
079
2.3
1941
Yug
osla
via
In C
roat
ia,
350,
000
Ser
bian
Ort
hodo
x m
assa
cred
by
Cro
ats;
3 b
isho
ps,
220
prie
sts
mar
tyre
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
O-Ser
350,
000
17.5
57
798.
519
41Li
thua
nia
Naz
is k
ill 2
00,0
00;
1944
Sov
iets
kill
300
,000
; 19
41 f
r V.
Lit
aun
ieks
, 19
53 a
bp M
.Rei
nys,
195
9 bp
P.R
aman
ausk
as..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xY
R-Lat
100,
000
5.0
56
798.
519
41B
elor
ussi
aA
mill
ion
Chr
istia
ns,
cler
gy,
bish
ops,
kill
ed (
1) b
y S
talin
‘elim
inat
ing
all B
elor
ussi
an e
nem
ies
of t
he s
tate
’, (2
) by
occ
upyi
ng N
azis
, th
en (
3) b
y re
turn
ing
Sov
iets
..
. .
. xa
O-Bye
550,
000
8.0
66
798.
519
42Y
ugos
lavi
aN
azis
and
civ
il w
ar k
ill v
ast
num
bers
of
cler
gy a
nd la
ity;
1945
bis
hop
J.S
imra
k, 2
70 C
atho
lic p
ries
ts..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xY
R-Lat
100,
000
1.0
54
804.
719
42C
zech
oslo
vaki
aN
azis
sho
ot O
rtho
dox
bish
op P
avlik
Go
razd
, se
vera
l of
his
cler
gy,
man
y la
ity.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xY
O-Cze
15,0
000.
14
180
4.7
1942
Pap
uaIn
Bat
tle o
f C
oral
Sea
, 11
8 R
C p
ries
ts a
nd b
roth
ers,
78
nuns
, ki
lled
by J
apan
ese
troo
ps,
tota
lling
333
Pro
test
ant
& R
C m
issi
onar
ies
by 1
945.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
400
0.1
20
804.
719
42Ta
iwan
Man
y A
bori
gina
l Chr
istia
ns k
illed
by
Japa
nese
arm
y of
occ
upat
ion.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
P-Ref
10,0
003.
74
580
4.7
1942
Sol
omon
Is
Am
eric
an m
issi
onar
ies
mur
dere
d by
Jap
anes
e tr
oops
: A
.C.D
uh
amel
SM
, J.
G.H
enn
esse
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
300
0.0
20
804.
719
42G
ilber
t Is
land
sJa
pane
se in
vasi
on r
esul
ts in
per
secu
tions
: A
.Sad
dki
lled.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
I-Con
200
0.0
20
804.
719
42P
hilip
pine
sB
ataa
n D
eath
Mar
ch:
70,0
00 U
SA
pris
oner
s in
cru
eles
t fo
rced
mar
ch in
his
tory
; 10
,000
kill
ed b
y Ja
pane
se.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Bap
6,00
00.
03
080
4.7
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
MARTYROLOGY 243
Con
tinue
d ov
erle
af
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1943
Bol
ivia
Ayo
re I
ndia
ns m
assa
cre
NT
M m
issi
onar
ies:
D.B
aco
n,B
.Dye
,C.D
ye,G
.Ho
sbac
k,E
.Hu
nte
r..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
P-Bap
500
0.0
20
810.
919
43P
hilip
pine
sM
assa
cres
by
Japa
nese
tro
ops;
F.M
eyer
,F.H
.Ro
se,
10 o
ther
US
Am
issi
onar
ies,
man
y F
ilipi
nos.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
3,00
00.
03
081
0.9
1944
Alb
ania
Com
mun
ist
regi
me
exec
utes
bis
hops
: 19
48 R
C b
ps V
ola
i,G
ign
i,G
ijni,
1952
abp
N.P
ren
nu
shi;
orga
nize
d C
hris
tiani
ty li
quid
ated
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
R-Lat
5,00
01.
33
481
7.2
1944
Mex
ico
In 3
4 ye
ars
of C
atho
lic p
erse
cutio
n of
Eva
ngel
ical
s an
d In
dian
s si
nce
1910
, 40
0 pa
stor
s m
urde
red.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
P-Eva
10,0
000.
14
081
7.2
1944
Col
ombi
a19
44-5
8, L
a V
iole
ncia
civ
il w
ar k
ills
300,
000
Chr
istia
ns;
126
reco
gniz
ed P
rote
stan
t m
arty
rs;
Juan
Coy
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xR
P-Eva
120,
000
1.0
54
817.
219
45U
krai
neS
ovie
ts a
ttem
pt t
o de
stro
y 3.
5 m
illio
n-st
rong
Ukr
aini
an C
atho
lic U
niat
es;
1946
bp
Ko
cylo
wsk
yj,
1947
bp
T.R
om
zapo
ison
ed,
1959
bp
A.K
her
ie,
man
y pr
iest
s..
. .
xa
R-Ukr
70,0
002.
04
582
3.5
1945
Gua
mJa
pane
se o
ccup
iers
kill
firs
t lo
cal C
atho
lic p
ries
t, Je
sus
Du
enas
, et
alii
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
200
0.4
22
823.
519
45B
urm
aB
aptis
t pa
stor
s an
d m
issi
onar
ies
tort
ured
by
Japa
nese
tro
ops;
pas
tor
Aky
a N
ai,H
.Dev
ine.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Bap
1,00
00.
23
182
3.5
1945
Mex
ico
Spo
radi
c P
rote
stan
t m
urde
rs:
in V
erac
ruz,
Cat
holic
mob
des
troy
s P
ente
cost
al c
hurc
h pr
oper
ty,
kills
9 P
ente
cost
als.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
P-Pen
100
0.0
20
823.
519
45C
ypru
sE
OK
Agu
erri
llas
atte
mpt
to
end
Bri
tish
rule
; 19
48,
leng
thy
cam
paig
n of
ter
rori
sm u
ntil
1960
Ind
epen
denc
e; m
any
killi
ngs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
O-Gre
500
0.1
21
823.
519
47In
dia
Par
titio
n re
sults
in 1
.1 m
illio
n M
uslim
, H
indu
, an
d S
ikh
deat
hs;
10,0
00 C
hris
tians
kill
ed o
r st
arve
to
deat
h..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.H
P-Eva
2,00
00.
03
083
6.4
1947
Mad
agas
car
Insu
rrec
tion
agai
nst
Fre
nch
rule
: 11
,000
exe
cute
d, t
hen
80,0
00 k
illed
incl
udin
g m
any
past
ors
and
mis
sion
arie
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Con
2,00
00.
13
083
6.4
1947
Taiw
an28
,000
Tai
wan
ese
civi
lians
, es
peci
ally
in P
resb
yter
ian
Chu
rch
in T
aiw
an,
mas
sacr
ed in
Tai
pei b
y N
atio
nalis
t tr
oops
(28
Feb
ruar
y).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
P-Ref
7,00
02.
33
583
6.4
1947
Indi
aIn
dia
gove
rnm
ent
begi
ns 5
3-ye
ar g
enoc
ide
to s
ubdu
e 2
mill
ion
Nag
as (
80%
Bap
tists
); 3
00,0
00 k
illed
by
1999
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xH
P-Bap
10,0
005.
04
683
6.4
1948
Chi
na50
Chi
nese
Bap
tist
lead
ers
mar
tyre
d, s
ome
buri
ed a
live;
als
o 5
mis
sion
arie
s in
Nor
th C
hina
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
P-Bap
700.
11
084
2.9
1948
Rom
ania
Uni
ate
chur
ches
des
troy
ed:
man
y pr
iest
s ki
lled;
bps
Aft
emie
,Fre
nti
u,S
uci
u,
1970
bp
J.H
oss
u;
500
prie
sts
(Ori
enta
l and
Lat
in)
die
in p
riso
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xO
R-Byz
50,0
003.
14
584
2.9
1948
Rus
sia
MG
B (
ex N
KV
D)
begi
ns t
o de
stro
y Tr
ue O
rtho
dox
Chu
rch
(3 m
illio
n un
derg
roun
d R
ussi
ans)
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
O-Rus
500,
000
16.7
67
842.
919
48H
unga
ry40
-yea
r pe
rsec
utio
n un
der
Com
mun
ists
beg
ins:
hun
dred
s of
bis
hops
, pr
iest
s, la
ity d
ie in
pri
son:
Lut
hera
n bi
shop
L.O
rdac
z..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
P-Lut
2,50
00.
03
084
2.9
1949
Tibe
tC
hine
se C
omm
unis
ts m
assa
cre
1.2
mill
ion
Tibe
tans
incl
udin
g al
l Chr
istia
ns d
isco
vere
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
I-rad
500
0.0
20
849.
419
50W
orld
Tota
l of
mar
tyrs
list
ed a
bove
dur
ing
Epo
ch V
III.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–29
,231
,520
3.4
44
856.
019
50W
orld
All
othe
r m
arty
rdom
situ
atio
ns,
know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
VIII
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
2,33
9,00
00.
34
485
6.0
1950
Wor
ldB
ackg
roun
d m
arty
rdom
dur
ing
Epo
ch V
III (
indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed)
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
154,
000
0.0
00
856.
019
50W
orl
dG
lob
al t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs d
uri
ng
Ep
och
VIII
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–31
,724
,520
3.7
44
856.
019
50W
orl
dG
lob
al c
um
ula
tive
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–56
,064
,950
0.9
34
856.
0
EP
OC
H IX
:S
UR
GE
IN T
HE
TH
IRD
WO
RL
D,A
D 1
950-
2000
1950
Chi
naLi
quid
atio
n of
chu
rche
s, 1
950-
80;
1950
-54,
800
Chi
nese
RC
pri
ests
kill
ed;
fr W
ang
Lin
g-T
so,
fr T
sian
g B
eda
SJ
dies
in p
riso
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
R-Lat
500,
000
9.3
66
856.
019
50N
orth
Kor
eaM
ass
slau
ghte
r of
Chr
istia
ns:
troo
ps m
assa
cre
150
RC
pri
ests
, an
d (1
950-
60)
500
past
ors:
To
ng
-Sin
,Su
ng
Du
, bp
s P.
T.B
ren
nan
,P.J
.Byr
ne.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
800,
000
40.0
68
856.
019
50V
iet
Nam
Fro
m 1
950,
con
tinuo
us C
omm
unis
t pr
essu
re;
past
ors
Ng
uye
n,P
han
Lo
ng
,Th
ien
Th
i..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Eva
20,0
001.
04
385
6.0
1950
Eas
tern
Eur
ope
‘Chu
rche
s of
Sile
nce’
liqui
date
d in
8 c
ount
ries
, 19
50-8
0, w
ith 1
7 bi
shop
s; 1
960
Pav
ol G
ojd
ic,
bp o
f P
reso
v (G
reek
Cat
holic
) di
es in
pri
son.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
900,
000
9.0
66
856.
019
50In
dia
Fro
m 1
950-
1999
, ov
er 1
0,00
0 C
hris
tians
, ev
ange
lists
, w
orke
rs k
illed
eac
h ye
ar d
ue t
o m
obs,
infu
riat
ed r
elat
ives
, R
SS
/VH
P, e
tc.;
1995
, nu
n sr
Ran
i Mar
ia.
. .
. .
. .
. .H
I-Bap
400,
000
5.6
56
856.
019
50U
SS
RF
rom
195
0-80
, 5
mill
ion
Chr
istia
ns d
ie in
pri
son
cam
ps;
1974
pas
tor
I.M.O
stap
enko
hang
ed;
N.R
oza
nov
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Rus
5,00
0,00
06.
49
685
6.0
1950
Nig
eria
Ove
r ne
xt 5
0 ye
ars,
wid
espr
ead
anti-
Chr
istia
n ri
ots
spor
adic
in c
ities
acr
oss
nort
h, le
d by
Mus
lim m
obs;
pas
tors
, la
y le
ader
s ki
lled,
chu
rche
s ta
rget
ed,
burn
ed.
. .
. .
.M
I-3cA
1,00
00.
03
085
6.0
1950
Sou
th A
fric
aS
tart
of
40 y
ears
’bru
tal r
epre
ssio
n of
Bla
cks
by A
frik
aner
sec
urity
for
ces;
tho
usan
ds in
AIC
s m
urde
red;
197
7 S
teve
Bik
o.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
I-3zA
10,0
000.
14
185
6.0
1951
Rus
sia
All
7,00
0 Je
hova
h’s
Witn
esse
s fo
rcib
ly s
catte
red
acro
ss F
ar N
orth
in S
iber
ian
labo
r ca
mps
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
m-Jeh
2,00
028
.63
887
1.9
1952
Ken
yaM
au M
au r
ebel
lion:
1,5
00 o
ffici
ally
rec
ogni
zed
mar
tyrs
in K
ikuy
u ch
urch
es:
G.&
R.G
acig
i, M
ary
Wan
ceg
i, W
.Mu
riu
ki,
J.M
un
gai
, 19
53 E
.Gik
ony
o,A
.Kag
uru
.. .
.T
A-Ang
1,80
00.
53
288
8.1
1952
Wes
t Ir
ian
CM
A, T
EA
M,
RB
MU
mis
sion
arie
s ki
lled,
als
o co
nver
ts;
first
Dan
i mar
tyr
Sel
anu
ok.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Eva
500
0.2
21
888.
119
52C
hina
Chi
nese
inde
pend
ent
chur
ches
vic
ious
ly p
erse
cute
d: 1
952,
Litt
le F
lock
’s W
atch
man
Nee
arre
sted
, 19
72 d
ies
in p
riso
n; 1
955,
reg
ime
dest
roys
Jes
us F
amily
.. .
. .
. .
xa
I-3cC
74,0
0061
.74
988
8.1
1952
Bul
gari
aV
iole
nt p
erse
cutio
ns 1
952-
64 in
Sof
ia,
Plo
vdiv
; 19
52 b
p B
asili
kov,
exa
rch
Kir
toff
, 19
56 m
etro
polit
an B
ori
sof
Nev
roko
p; in
Nic
opol
i, La
tin-r
ite b
isho
p ex
ecut
ed..
. .
xa
O-Bul
2,00
00.
03
088
8.1
1953
Vie
t N
amIn
Nor
th V
iet
Nam
, C
omm
unis
ts e
xecu
te 1
5,00
0 C
atho
lic la
ndlo
rds
and
any
rich
pea
sant
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
8,00
00.
03
090
4.5
1954
Alg
eria
8-ye
ar c
ivil
war
: F
renc
h ar
my
kills
a m
illio
n A
lger
ian
Mus
lims,
lose
s 17
,500
tro
ops;
3,0
00 F
renc
h C
atho
lic s
ettle
rs m
urde
red.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
2,50
00.
23
292
1.3
1956
Ecu
ador
Auc
as k
ill M
AF
/GM
U/C
MM
Lm
issi
onar
ies:
J.E
llio
t,P.
Fle
min
g,E
.McC
ully
,N.S
ain
t,R
.Yo
ud
aria
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Eva
50.
01
095
5.8
1957
Hai
ti29
-yea
r V
oodo
o te
rror
und
er D
uval
iers
kill
s 50
,000
; 19
61 f
r Y
von
Em
man
uel
Mo
reau
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xU
R-Lat
25,0
000.
74
397
3.6
1958
Nep
alN
umer
ous
earl
y co
nver
ts m
urde
red:
Tam
ang
ex-B
uddh
ist
lam
a D
avid
Dap
cha
Lam
apo
ison
ed;
1970
Bra
hmin
con
vert
Kri
shn
a L
amic
ham
ibea
ten
to d
eath
..
. .
. .
xB
I-3cZ
500.
01
099
1.6
1958
Indo
nesi
aF
or 7
yea
rs,
Dar
ul I
slam
(D
ITI)
fun
dam
enta
list
guer
rilla
fan
atic
s m
urde
r 50
0 M
akas
sare
se C
hris
tians
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
500
0.0
20
991.
619
59C
hina
Gre
at L
eap
For
war
d (1
959-
62)
kills
25
mill
ion
peas
ants
, w
orke
rs,
past
ors,
pri
ests
; 19
60 H
.H.L
in..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
I-3hC
300,
000
10.0
57
1,01
0.0
1959
Cub
aC
astr
o’s
Com
mun
ist
revo
lutio
n ex
pels
590
RC
pri
ests
, 97
0 br
othe
rs,
2,40
0 nu
ns,
exec
utes
man
y w
ho d
ie s
hout
ing
‘Lon
g liv
e C
hris
t th
e K
ing!
’. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
R-Lat
15,0
000.
34
21,
010.
019
60C
ongo
-Zai
reM
utin
ies,
reb
ellio
ns d
islo
cate
mis
sion
s; 2
00 R
C p
ries
ts/n
uns,
300
Pro
test
ant
wor
kers
, ki
lled:
E.H
od
gso
n,P
.Car
lso
n,P
.Rh
ine,
sr
M.C
.An
uar
ite.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
P-Eva
15,0
000.
14
11,
028.
819
60La
tin A
mer
ica
Chr
istia
n ra
dica
ls k
illed
by
troo
ps;
1966
frs
Cam
ilo T
orr
es,H
.Gal
lejo
, 19
77 A
.Nav
arro
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
300,
000
0.1
51
1,02
8.8
1960
Indi
aF
or n
ext
40 y
ears
, ev
ery
year
100
to
300
Chr
istia
n D
alits
(U
ntou
chab
les,
Out
cast
es)
are
mur
dere
d in
inte
r-ca
ste
viol
ence
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.H
R-Lat
7,00
00.
13
11,
028.
819
61C
ongo
In a
nd a
roun
d B
razz
avill
e, m
any
killi
ngs
of E
urop
eans
and
mis
sion
arie
s: p
asto
r R
.de
Vos.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
P-Eva
400
0.0
20
1,04
7.8
1961
Ger
man
yC
omm
unis
t G
DR
ere
cts
75-m
ile c
oncr
ete
Ber
lin W
all t
o pr
even
t em
igra
tion;
5,0
00 e
scap
e, b
ut 1
50 C
hris
tians
try
ing
to c
ross
are
kill
ed b
y po
lice.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
P-Lut
100
0.0
20
1,04
7.8
1961
Ang
ola
Rev
olut
ion
and
civi
l war
: P
ortu
gues
e tr
oops
and
mili
tias
mas
sacr
e P
rote
stan
ts,
past
ors,
tea
cher
s: d
eaco
n P.
Ro
dri
gu
es.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Eva
5,00
02.
03
51,
047.
819
62A
lban
iaA
thei
st s
tate
kill
s 10
mor
e bi
shop
s, 1
00 p
ries
ts:
1972
fr
S.K
urt
i, 19
79 b
p E
.Co
ba;
an
d ov
er 7
,000
lay
belie
vers
kill
ed,
1962
-198
6..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Alb
7,20
03.
83
51,
067.
319
62B
urm
a40
-yea
r ci
vil w
ar:
arm
y co
nduc
ts m
any
mas
sacr
es o
f H
ill T
ribe
s (K
aren
s, K
achi
ns,
et a
lii);
chu
rche
s bu
rned
, pa
stor
s to
rtur
ed t
o de
ath.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Bap
10,0
001.
04
41,
067.
319
62W
est
Iria
nG
enoc
ide:
150
,000
Wes
t P
apua
ns k
illed
by
Mus
lim t
roop
s, 1
962-
82;
by 1
995
tota
l kill
ed r
each
es 2
00,0
00.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
P-Eva
70,0
007.
94
61,
067.
319
62R
wan
daG
enoc
ide:
150
,000
Tut
sis
slau
ghte
red
by H
utus
at
Inde
pend
ence
; pa
stor
Yo
na
Kan
amu
zeyi
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
A-Ang
10,0
000.
84
31,
067.
319
62R
ussi
aLe
ader
s of
unr
egis
tere
d R
efor
m B
aptis
ts s
yste
mat
ical
ly li
quid
ated
by
KG
B:
1964
N.K
hm
ara,
197
2 M
eln
ikov
pois
oned
, 19
75 I.
V.B
ible
nko
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
I-3cW
8,00
06.
03
61,
067.
319
62E
ritr
ea30
-yea
r ci
vil w
ar le
d by
Chr
istia
n-do
min
ated
EP
LF d
estr
oys
chur
ches
, sc
hool
s, m
issi
ons,
and
kill
s sc
ores
of
cler
gy,
laity
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Eth
10,0
000.
64
31,
067.
319
63G
uine
a-B
issa
uP
ortu
gues
e ki
ll P
rote
stan
ts (
WE
C):
eva
ngel
ists
Vic
tor
Vaz
Mar
tin
s,F
orm
oso
Men
des
,Ped
ro d
a S
ilva.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
P-Eva
100
4.2
25
1,08
7.1
1963
Sud
anC
ivil
war
: Ara
bs k
ill 6
4 m
issi
onar
ies
and
(196
2-72
) 60
0,00
0 B
lack
Chr
istia
ns;
past
or G
.Ad
wo
k..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
A-Ang
200,
000
23.5
58
1,08
7.1
1964
Bra
zil
10,0
00 k
illin
gs o
ver
20 y
ears
by
guer
rilla
s, m
ilita
ry,
deat
h sq
uads
; m
any
prie
sts
mur
dere
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
2,00
00.
03
01,
107.
319
64U
SA
In lo
ng a
nd v
iole
nt s
egre
gatio
n st
rugg
le,
civi
l rig
hts
wor
kers
mur
dere
d: J
ames
Ch
eney
(Bla
ck B
aptis
t) &
col
leag
ues;
196
8 M
arti
n L
uth
er K
ing
Jr
assa
ssin
ated
.. .
.
.Y
I-Bap
200.
01
01,
107.
319
65In
done
sia
Com
mun
ists
atte
mpt
to
oblit
erat
e C
hris
tian
lead
ersh
ip;
crus
hed
by a
rmy
with
500
,000
dea
ths.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .a
P-Ref
8,00
00.
13
01,
127.
819
65Z
ambi
aLu
mpa
Chu
rch
(indi
geno
us)
crus
hed
by m
ilita
ry;
700
kille
d in
hol
y vi
llage
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
I-3pA
700
0.5
22
1,12
7.8
1965
Lith
uani
aS
ovie
ts m
odify
con
tinuo
us p
erse
cutio
n of
RC
bis
hops
, ta
rget
min
or o
ffici
als,
har
ass
by b
urea
ucra
cy:
1975
M.T
amo
nis
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
5,00
00.
03
01,
127.
819
65C
ambo
dia
Mno
ng C
hris
tians
fie
rcel
y pe
rsec
uted
, m
any
kille
d w
ith c
lerg
y (a
lso
90%
of
Bud
dhis
t pr
iest
s).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xB
R-Lat
6,00
00.
03
01,
127.
819
66N
iger
ia30
,000
Ibo
Chr
istia
ns in
Nor
ther
n N
iger
ia m
assa
cred
by
Mus
lim m
obs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
A-Eva
30,0
000.
14
11,
148.
719
66C
hina
Gre
at P
role
tari
an C
ultu
ral R
evol
utio
n: c
hurc
hes
raze
d, 2
,500
,000
bel
ieve
rs im
pris
oned
; af
ter
20 y
ears
jail
and
tort
ure,
in 1
989
bp L
i Xin
shen
gdi
es.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
I-3hC
400,
000
13.3
57
1,14
8.7
1967
Nig
eria
Am
illio
n ki
lled
in 1
967-
70 B
iafr
a ci
vil w
ar,
incl
udin
g m
assa
cre
of 1
50,0
00 I
bos
by M
uslim
s, a
lso
10,0
00 O
goni
Chr
istia
ns s
laug
hter
ed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
200,
000
0.8
53
1,17
0.0
c196
8S
omal
iaIs
lam
ic h
ostil
ity t
owar
ds C
hris
tiani
ty r
esul
ts in
kill
ings
: M
usa
Sh
eiko
w,
1989
bp
P.S
.Co
lom
bo
OF
M,
1991
fr
P.Tu
rati
OF
M.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
I-3mM
400.
01
01,
191.
719
68W
est
Iria
nC
anni
balis
tic t
ribe
, th
e Y
ali,
kill
and
eat
2 N
TM
mis
sion
arie
s w
ho d
estr
oyed
vill
age
fetis
hes,
S.D
ale
& P
.Mas
ters
; 19
76,
trib
e co
nver
ts t
o C
hris
tiani
ty..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
P-Eva
100.
01
01,
191.
719
69E
quat
Gui
nea
10-y
ear
reig
n of
ter
ror
unde
r di
ctat
or M
acia
s; 8
0,00
0 de
aths
; cr
ucifi
xion
s; 1
975
Rap
hae
l Nze
bp o
f B
ata
exec
uted
afte
r to
rtur
e; 5
0,00
0 B
ubis
mur
dere
d in
197
8..
. .
xR
R-Lat
35,0
0014
.04
71,
213.
919
69M
alaw
iV
icio
us s
tate
per
secu
tion
of J
ehov
ah’s
Witn
esse
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
m-Jeh
2,00
05.
63
61,
213.
919
69C
zech
oslo
vaki
aS
tate
kill
s R
oman
Cat
holic
lead
ers:
197
4 ca
rdin
al S
.Tro
chta
, 19
79 f
r M
.Go
no
, 19
81 f
r P.
Co
ufa
l, 19
82 f
r J.
Bar
ta.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
7,00
00.
13
01,
213.
919
70C
ambo
dia
Mas
sacr
es o
f 40
,000
Vie
tnam
ese
Cat
holic
s an
d 10
,000
Pro
test
ants
, 19
70-7
7..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xB
R-Lat
50,0
0076
.94
91,
236.
419
70P
arag
uay
Gen
ocid
e at
tem
pted
by
mili
tary
aga
inst
Ach
e In
dian
s; 9
00 k
illed
in r
epea
ted
mas
sacr
es,
forc
ed la
bor,
rese
ttlem
ents
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .R
R-Lat
100
33.3
28
1,23
6.4
1970
US
SR
Unr
egis
tere
d P
rote
stan
ts t
arge
ted
by K
GB
for
mas
s ki
lling
s; 1
980
V.A
.Sh
elko
v,S
.Bak
ho
ldin
, 19
82 N
.P.K
hra
pov
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
I-3cW
60,0
006.
74
61,
236.
4
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
244 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
Con
tinue
d be
low
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1970
Cam
eroo
nJe
hova
h’s
Witn
esse
s ba
nned
by
gove
rnm
ent,
with
con
tinuo
us s
pora
dic
pers
ecut
ion
sinc
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
m-Jeh
600
0.0
20
1,23
6.4
1970
Gab
onB
anni
ng a
nd s
pora
dic
pers
ecut
ion
of J
ehov
ah’s
Witn
esse
s, d
elib
erat
ely
low
-key
and
unr
epor
ted.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
m-Jeh
100
0.0
20
1,23
6.4
1971
Uga
nda
300,
000
Chr
istia
ns k
illed
in 7
-yea
r A
min
ter
ror;
197
3 J.
Ser
wan
ika,
197
7 ab
p Ja
nan
i Lu
wu
m,
man
y A
nglic
an a
nd C
atho
lic c
lerg
y..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
A-Ang
200,
000
2.8
55
1,25
9.9
1971
Ban
glad
esh
In c
ivil
war
, 1,
250,
000
Ben
galis
exe
cute
d. 5
,700
lead
ing
Chr
istia
ns t
arge
ted
and
mur
dere
d w
ith t
heir
child
ren
by P
akis
tani
arm
y, 1
,500
Chr
istia
n w
omen
rap
ed..
. .
.
xM
R-Lat
13,0
005.
24
61,
259.
919
72B
urun
diG
enoc
ide:
150
,000
Hut
us,
espe
cial
ly in
telle
ctua
ls,
mas
sacr
ed b
y Tu
tsis
; 10
0 A
nglic
an e
vang
elis
ts a
nd 1
5 cl
ergy
mur
dere
d; A
bel
Bin
yon
i..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xR
A-Ang
15,0
000.
74
31,
284.
019
72M
ozam
biqu
eP
rote
stan
t pe
rsec
utio
n: P
resb
yter
ian
lead
ers
Z.M
ang
anh
ela,
J.S
idu
mo
die
in M
acha
va p
riso
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Ref
200
0.0
20
1,28
4.0
1972
Ben
inM
arxi
st m
ilita
ry s
eize
pow
er,
begi
n ta
rget
ing
cler
gy w
ith d
eath
sen
tenc
es;
arre
sts,
spo
radi
c pe
rsec
utio
n an
d m
urde
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
R-Lat
500
0.1
21
1,28
4.0
1972
Uls
ter
Blo
ody
Sun
day:
Bri
tish
arm
y ki
lls 1
7 R
oman
Cat
holic
dem
onst
rato
rs;
wid
espr
ead
viol
ence
by
Pro
test
ant
para
mili
tary
for
ces.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
2,00
00.
23
21,
284.
019
73C
had
Reg
ime
orde
rs 2
-yea
r pa
gan
initi
atio
n ri
tes;
man
y m
arty
rs,
incl
udin
g nu
mer
ous
past
ors
buri
ed a
live.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xT
P-Eva
400
0.0
20
1,30
8.4
1973
Chi
le2,
500
Chi
lean
s ex
ecut
ed b
y P
inoc
het
mili
tary
reg
ime,
incl
udin
g le
ftist
Chr
istia
n le
ader
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
2,10
00.
03
01,
308.
419
74La
osC
omm
unis
ts im
pris
on a
nd m
urde
r m
any
of 2
0,00
0 tr
ibal
Mia
o (H
mon
g) a
nd K
hmu
Pro
test
ants
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xa
P-Eva
2,00
010
.03
71,
333.
419
74N
orth
Cyp
rus
Civ
il w
ar e
scal
ates
as
Turk
ish
arm
y in
vade
s; 1
983,
Tur
ks p
rocl
aim
sep
arat
e st
ate;
2,0
00 G
reek
Ort
hodo
x m
urde
red.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
O-Gre
2,00
01.
03
41,
333.
419
74B
oliv
iaG
over
nmen
t tr
oops
kill
200
dev
out
RC
pea
sant
s in
Coc
haba
mba
val
ley.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
100
1.0
24
1,33
3.4
1975
Vie
t N
am10
-yea
r C
omm
unis
t pe
rsec
utio
n be
gins
: ch
urch
es c
lose
d, p
asto
rs e
xecu
ted;
198
4, 6
5,00
0 bu
tche
red.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Eva
50,0
001.
54
41,
358.
819
75U
krai
neU
niat
e pr
iest
s m
urde
red:
M.L
uts
ky,
1979
Z.A
.Kal
ien
uk,
198
0 A
.Gu
rgu
laan
d w
ife,
1984
A.P
oto
chny
ak..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
R-Byz
500
0.0
20
1,35
8.8
1975
Leba
non
200,
000
kille
d in
20-
year
civ
il w
ar;
thou
sand
s of
Mar
onite
s, O
rtho
dox,
Eva
ngel
ical
s ki
dnap
ped
and
kille
d; 1
987
fr A
.Mas
seS
J..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
R-Mar
25,0
001.
44
41,
358.
819
75H
ondu
ras
Chr
istia
n ra
dica
ls,
Indi
ans,
mur
dere
d: 1
975
frs
M.C
.Cyp
her
OF
M,
I.B
etan
cur,
198
3 fr
J.G
.Car
ney
SJ.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
8,00
00.
33
21,
358.
819
75C
ambo
dia
Khm
er R
ouge
sla
ught
er 2
mill
ion,
exe
cute
80%
of
all c
ity d
wel
lers
incl
udin
g kn
own
Chr
istia
ns b
y 19
79:
bps
P.Te
p Im
,J.C
.Sal
as,f
r B
.C.C
hu
nsa
r..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Eva
42,0
0088
.84
91,
358.
819
75Ti
mor
200,
000
Tim
ores
e (7
0% b
eing
RC
s) k
illed
in c
ivil
war
ove
r ne
xt 2
5 ye
ars;
199
1, m
ilita
ry k
ill 2
70 C
atho
lic y
outh
s at
a f
uner
al in
San
ta C
ruz
mas
sacr
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
R-Lat
90,0
0037
.24
81,
358.
819
75P
arag
uay
Arm
y bu
rns
hous
es,
seiz
es p
easa
nt c
oope
rativ
e fu
nds,
kill
s sc
ores
of
peas
ants
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
160
0.0
20
1,35
8.8
1975
Bou
gain
ville
23-y
ear
civi
l war
atte
mpt
ing
sece
ssio
n fr
om P
apua
New
Gui
nea,
led
by C
atho
lic a
nd P
rote
stan
t bi
shop
s an
d cl
ergy
; m
any
kille
d, s
tarv
ed,
depr
ived
of
med
icin
es..
. .
x.
P-Eva
3,00
04.
03
51,
358.
819
75Ir
elan
dIr
ish
Rep
ublic
an A
rmy
and
othe
r pa
ram
ilita
ry g
roup
s ta
rget
Chr
istia
n ac
tivis
ts;
assa
ssin
atio
ns,
bom
bing
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
P-Eva
1,20
00.
23
21,
358.
819
76A
rgen
tina
30,0
00 p
erso
ns d
isap
pear
197
6-79
, ki
lled
by m
ilita
ry ju
nta
(2,0
00 t
hrow
n al
ive
out
of N
avy
airc
raft)
; m
any
prie
sts,
bis
hops
, ac
tivis
ts,
idea
listic
you
th.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
R-Lat
12,0
000.
14
01,
381.
419
76Z
imba
bwe
Civ
il w
ar k
ills
50 m
issi
onar
ies:
bp
A.S
chm
itt,
6 n
uns,
197
8 P.
& S
.Eva
ns
& 1
2 E
lim w
orke
rs;
1987
, 16
mis
sion
arie
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Pen
3,00
00.
13
01,
381.
419
76G
uate
mal
aA
rmy
geno
cide
aga
inst
May
ans:
11
prie
sts
kille
d, 1
982-
3 15
,000
kill
ings
; fr
H.L
op
ez;
1980
-82,
100,
000
Qui
che
Indi
ans
mur
dere
d, 1
mill
ion
disp
lace
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
20,0
000.
34
21,
381.
419
77E
thio
pia
Fro
m 1
977-
80,
90,0
00 k
illed
in R
ed T
erro
r; 1
980
patr
iarc
h T
heo
fila
s, a
bp S
amw
el,
man
y pr
iest
s; P
rote
stan
t le
ader
S.B
.Ale
ku,
1979
G.T
um
sa.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Eth
30,0
000.
24
11,
404.
419
77E
l Sal
vado
rF
rom
197
7-89
, 70
,000
kill
ings
, m
assa
cres
, cr
ucifi
xion
s: 1
980
abp
O.R
om
ero
, 19
81 4
US
Anu
ns,
1988
4 L
uthe
ran
wor
kers
, 19
89 6
Jes
uit
prie
sts.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
R-Lat
15,0
000.
44
21,
404.
419
77C
AR
Bru
tal t
yran
t E
. A.
Bok
asso
sei
zes
pow
er a
s em
pero
r, m
assa
cres
tho
usan
ds in
chu
rche
s an
d sc
hool
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Dis
3,00
00.
13
11,
404.
419
77M
ongo
liaM
any
youn
g C
atho
lic C
hari
smat
ics
from
Ind
ia t
rave
l to
witn
ess
and
live
as m
issi
onar
ies
in M
ongo
lia;
a nu
mbe
r ar
e m
urde
red.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
5020
.01
81,
404.
419
77Z
aire
Mob
utu
regi
me
exec
utes
, m
urde
rs,
assa
ssin
ates
, or
mas
sacr
es t
riba
l or
polit
ical
opp
onen
ts in
clud
ing
chur
ch le
ader
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
4,00
00.
13
11,
404.
419
78G
uyan
aA
t Jo
nest
own
settl
emen
t, co
ngre
gatio
n of
900
are
mur
dere
d by
pas
tor
J. J
ones
in s
uici
de p
act.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.P
P-Dis
950
67.9
29
1,42
7.8
1978
Ang
ola
Sou
th A
fric
an m
ilita
ry b
omb
and
kill
582
Nam
ibia
n C
hris
tians
at
Kas
sing
a re
fuge
e ca
mp.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xP
P-Lut
300
0.0
20
1,42
7.8
1979
Iran
100,
000
Iran
is e
xecu
ted
unde
r ay
atol
lah
Kho
mei
ni-S
hias
, S
unni
s, B
aha’
is, A
rmen
ians
; Ang
lican
pri
est
Say
yad
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
O-Arm
8,00
02.
53
51,
451.
519
79N
icar
agua
50,0
00 d
ie in
San
dini
sta
revo
lutio
n, 2
0,00
0 la
ter,
man
y pa
stor
s; 1
983,
Pen
teco
stal
pas
tor
No
el V
arg
asm
urde
red
by C
ontr
as;
Mis
kito
Chr
istia
ns m
assa
cred
..
. .
. .
. xa
P-Mor
5,00
00.
23
11,
451.
519
79M
alaw
iT
hous
ands
incl
udin
g di
ssid
ent
chur
chm
en t
ortu
red
and
mur
dere
d du
ring
Ban
da d
icta
tors
hip,
196
4-19
93;
1979
, J.
San
gay
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
P-Ref
5,00
00.
33
21,
451.
519
80Li
thua
nia
RC
pri
ests
mur
dere
d: 1
980
L.S
apo
ka,V
.Jau
gel
is,
1981
L.M
azei
ka,B
.Lau
rin
avic
ius.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
5,00
00.
23
21,
475.
719
80B
oliv
iaA
ssas
sina
tions
and
kill
ings
; 19
80 f
r L
.Esp
inal
SJ,
edi
tor
expo
sing
coc
aine
tra
de,
assa
ssin
ated
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.Y
R-Lat
300
0.0
20
1,47
5.7
1980
Iraq
Mili
tary
reg
ime
mur
ders
20,
000
Chr
istia
ns o
ver
next
15
year
s: A
ssyr
ians
, C
hald
eans
, Ara
bs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
O-Nes
20,0
004.
04
51,
475.
719
80A
fgha
nist
anA
s C
hris
tian
belie
vers
, a
num
ber
of U
SS
R R
ed A
rmy
sold
iers
ref
use
to k
ill A
fgha
nis,
so
are
exec
uted
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
I-3pW
400
0.0
20
1,47
5.7
1980
Indi
aIn
Nag
alan
d, I
ndia
n A
rmy
cont
inue
s 50
-yea
r ge
noci
de a
gain
st 2
mill
ion
Nag
as;
man
y B
aptis
t ch
urch
es d
estr
oyed
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xH
P-Bap
240,
000
15.0
57
1,47
5.7
1980
Per
uM
aois
t S
hini
ng P
ath
guer
rilla
s ki
ll 30
,000
pea
sant
Chr
istia
ns b
efor
e 19
93 c
olla
pse;
198
3 sr
Jo
an S
awye
r, m
any
Pen
teco
stal
s an
d P
resb
yter
ians
mur
dere
d..
. .
. .
. .a
P-Pen
12,0
000.
14
01,
475.
719
81R
oman
iaP
olic
e m
urde
r m
any
Bap
tist
and
RC
lead
ers:
198
1 S
.Teo
do
siu
, bp
K.K
ern
wei
sz,I
.Clip
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Bap
2,00
00.
13
11,
500.
819
81E
gypt
Mus
lim B
roth
erho
od k
illin
gs;
Cop
tic b
p S
amu
el (
Mak
ary
El-
So
uri
any)
, fr
Gh
abra
il A
bd
Mu
tag
alli.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
O-Cop
1,00
00.
03
01,
500.
819
82N
icar
agua
San
dini
sta
mili
tary
reg
ime
esca
late
s ‘re
educ
atio
n’m
assa
cres
of
Mis
kito
Ind
ian
Chr
istia
ns,
past
ors
shot
; 19
82 E
.Sm
ith
,Les
ter
Ath
ers.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
P-Mor
1,00
03.
33
51,
526.
219
82N
iger
iaO
ver
next
14
year
s in
Kad
una
Sta
te,
18 m
ajor
Mus
lim/C
hris
tian
viol
ent
conf
licts
; ov
er 6
00 C
hris
tians
kill
ed,
193
chur
ches
tor
ched
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
A-Ang
600
0.1
21
1,52
6.2
1983
Gua
tem
ala
Mas
s ki
lling
s of
pen
teco
stal
s by
arm
y, m
any
past
ors
mur
dere
d; F
ull G
ospe
l pas
tor
Nic
ola
s To
ma
shot
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
I-3pL
11,0
000.
24
21,
552.
219
83E
cuad
orE
scal
atin
g vi
olen
ce a
gain
st Q
uich
ua P
rote
stan
ts;
chur
ches
bur
ned,
mur
ders
; 19
87 Q
uich
ua p
asto
r A
nto
nia
Zu
ma
kille
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
P-Eva
3,00
01.
23
41,
552.
219
83G
hana
Afr
ican
indi
geno
us c
hurc
hes’
prop
hets
fro
m A
shan
ti S
piri
tual
Chu
rche
s m
urde
red
by m
ilita
ry r
egim
e; 1
995,
RC
nun
s P.
Mac
lese
,C.M
urp
hyha
cked
to
deat
h..
. .
. .
x.
I-3sA
200
0.0
20
1,55
2.2
1983
Sri
Lan
kaC
ivil
war
kill
s 8,
000
(450
RC
s, 6
0 P
rote
stan
ts):
fr
M.B
.Man
ielp
illai
, pa
stor
G.J
eyar
ajas
ing
ham
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
xB
R-Lat
200
0.0
20
1,55
2.2
1983
Sud
anS
core
s of
Din
ka a
nd S
hillu
k pa
stor
s ki
lled
by S
udan
ese
arm
y, c
ount
less
chu
rche
s to
rche
d by
Ara
b tr
oops
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xM
A-Ang
5,00
00.
23
21,
552.
219
84P
olan
dC
ontin
uous
Com
mun
ist
hara
ssm
ent;
prie
st J
.Po
pie
lusz
ko(R
C),
198
5 fr
P.P
op
law
ski(
Ort
hodo
x),
et a
lii.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
R-Lat
5,00
00.
03
01,
578.
519
84U
gand
aA
rmed
thu
gs m
urde
r G
od
frey
Baz
ira
prin
cipa
l of
Nam
ugon
go M
arty
rs M
emor
ial S
emin
ary,
and
90
othe
rs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.a
A-Ang
950.
01
01,
578.
519
85P
hilip
pine
sC
lerg
y, la
ity m
urde
red:
frs
T.F
aval
i,A
.Ro
mer
o,N
.Val
erio
,R.R
om
ano
;M
.Bel
ing
(Epi
scop
al).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
R-Lat
40,0
000.
14
01,
605.
319
85A
ngol
aG
uerr
illa
viol
ence
kill
s w
orke
rs:
frs
J.E
.Was
nak
,J.M
ore
tto
,L.S
iku
fin
de,
sr
L.K
autu
dja
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
10,0
000.
14
11,
605.
319
85In
dia
3,00
0 N
orth
Ind
ian
Chr
istia
ns m
urde
red
in m
ob r
iots
inst
igat
ed b
y po
litic
o-re
ligio
us o
rgan
izat
ions
(R
SS
/VH
P, e
tc);
199
5, in
Bho
pal,
Joh
n K
erka
tta
kille
d by
mob
..
. .H
P-Bap
3,00
00.
13
11,
605.
3c1
985
Ken
yaA
ngar
ako
band
its f
rom
Uga
nda
dest
roy
RC
mis
sion
, ki
ll 85
Tur
kana
and
pri
est.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .T
R-Lat
500.
01
01,
605.
319
85G
uate
mal
aW
orst
rig
ht-w
ing
deat
h-sq
uad
viol
ence
on
cont
inen
t: In
dian
cat
echi
st M
anu
el d
e Je
sus
Tza
lam
Co
j, pr
ofes
sor
C.H
.Cab
rera
Riv
era.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xR
R-Lat
10,0
000.
14
11,
605.
319
86M
ozam
biqu
e50
0,00
0 no
ncom
bata
nts
(28,
000
RC
s, 7
,000
Ang
lican
s an
d P
rote
stan
ts)
syst
emat
ical
ly s
laug
hter
ed b
y R
enam
o re
bels
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .a
R-Lat
35,0
001.
04
41,
632.
819
86A
fric
aM
arke
d co
ntin
ent-
wid
e in
crea
se in
kill
ings
of
past
ors,
pri
ests
, m
issi
onar
ies,
and
layp
erso
ns.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-Eva
20,0
000.
04
01,
632.
819
86M
exic
oO
utsp
oken
new
spap
er s
taff
begi
n to
be
targ
eted
by
drug
car
tels
: pu
blis
hers
J.B
ren
nes
,Ern
esto
Flo
res,
rep
orte
r N
orm
a M
ore
no
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.a
R-Lat
100
0.0
20
1,63
2.8
1987
Ecu
ador
Auc
a ar
row
s in
jung
le k
ill b
p A
.Lab
aca
Ug
arte
OF
MC
ap,
sr In
es A
ran
go
; ot
her
killi
ngs
also
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.T
R-Lat
100
0.0
20
1,66
0.7
1987
Sud
an1,
000
Chr
istia
n D
inka
s bu
rned
to
deat
h by
Riz
eiga
t M
uslim
s in
Die
in.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
A-Ang
1,00
00.
53
21,
660.
719
87P
akis
tan
Chr
istia
ns t
arge
ted:
198
7 W
ahid
, 19
94 M
anzo
or
Mas
ih;
1995
, 12
-yea
r ol
d Iq
bal
Mas
ihne
ar L
ahor
e; 1
995
Jave
d M
asih
in H
yder
abad
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
P-Ref
200
0.0
20
1,66
0.7
1987
Aze
rbai
jan
Rel
igio
us w
arfa
re in
Nag
orno
-Kar
abak
h ta
rget
s bo
th S
hia
Mus
lims
and
Arm
enia
n C
hris
tian
lead
ers;
10,
000
kille
d ov
er n
ext
9 ye
ars;
198
8 S
umga
it M
assa
cre.
. .
. .
. xM
O-Arm
1,00
00.
23
21,
660.
719
88B
razi
l14
Tic
una
Indi
ans
mas
sacr
ed b
y tr
ader
s; 3
0,00
0 go
ld p
rosp
ecto
rs a
ttack
oth
er A
mer
indi
an t
ribe
s; 1
995,
hun
dred
s of
land
less
pea
sant
s ki
lled
by p
olic
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .Y
I-3cL
800
0.6
23
1,68
9.2
1988
Col
ombi
aC
ivil
war
ver
sus
coca
ine
drug
lord
s w
ith 5
00,0
00 e
mpl
oyee
s; m
any
judg
es a
ssas
sina
ted;
198
9 bp
Jes
us
E.J
aram
illo
of A
rauc
a..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
R-Lat
1,00
00.
03
01,
689.
219
88A
lger
ia19
88 r
iots
, 19
92 a
rmy
oust
s vi
ctor
ious
Isl
amic
Fun
dam
enta
lists
who
the
n m
urde
r 10
,000
Chr
istia
ns;
1996
, 7
Trap
pist
mon
ks b
ehea
ded,
bp
P.C
lave
rie.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
R-Lat
9,00
013
.03
71,
689.
219
88M
yanm
arM
ass
upri
sing
in Y
ango
n cr
ushe
d by
mili
tary
, 10
,000
kill
ed;
thou
sand
s of
Chr
istia
ns p
eris
h in
vas
t sl
ave
cam
ps..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
P-Bap
30,0
001.
04
41,
689.
219
88B
urun
diG
enoc
ide:
Tut
si-d
omin
ated
gov
ernm
ent
kills
75,
000
civi
lian
Hut
us in
rep
eate
d m
assa
cres
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
R-Lat
25,0
001.
04
41,
689.
219
89C
hina
Arm
y m
assa
cre
of 3
,000
mai
nly
in T
iana
nmen
Squ
are,
Bei
jing,
kill
s 60
0 C
hris
tian
stud
ent
activ
ists
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
I-3cC
600
0.1
21
1,71
8.1
1989
Rom
ania
Sec
ret
polic
e un
der
dict
ator
N.
Cea
uses
cu m
assa
cre
20,0
00 C
hris
tians
, m
urde
r m
any
activ
ists
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
O-Rum
15,0
000.
14
11,
718.
119
89W
orld
Per
secu
tion
duri
ng d
ecad
e 19
80-9
0 m
ushr
oom
s, r
evea
ling
Chr
ist’s
peo
ple
as t
he p
erm
anen
tly S
uffe
ring
Chu
rch,
reg
ular
ly e
ndur
ing
mar
tyrd
om..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xa
R-Lat
190,
000
12.7
57
1,71
8.1
1989
Afg
hani
stan
Und
ergr
ound
Afg
hani
Chr
istia
ns p
erse
cute
d: b
lind
lead
er Z
ia M
oh
amm
ed N
od
rat
tort
ured
to
deat
h; t
he S
ix M
ulla
hs o
f K
abul
con
fess
Chr
ist
but
are
mur
dere
d..
. .
. xM
I-3mM
300.
01
01,
718.
119
89P
eru
50 A
ssem
blie
s of
God
wor
ship
pers
mac
hine
-gun
ned
whi
le p
rayi
ng;
800
Chr
istia
n le
ader
s in
Que
chua
Hig
h A
ndes
mur
dere
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .a
P-Pen
3,00
00.
03
01,
718.
119
90Ir
anR
adic
al M
uslim
s ki
ll pr
omin
ent
Iran
ian
Pen
teco
stal
cle
rgy:
199
0 H
.So
od
man
d,
1994
bp
Hai
k H
ovse
pia
n-M
ehr,
Meh
di D
ibaj
; m
any
laity
exe
cute
d..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
P-Pen
720
0.0
20
1,74
7.5
1990
Phi
lippi
nes
Isla
mic
gue
rrill
as in
Jol
o, M
inda
nao,
kill
man
y ev
ange
lizin
g C
hris
tians
: 19
95,
J.S
ola
n;
1996
, pa
stor
Sev
erin
o B
agta
sos
IIIki
lled
duri
ng w
orsh
ip.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
I-3cF
10,0
000.
14
11,
747.
519
90La
os25
-yea
r C
omm
unis
t pe
rsec
utio
n of
Chr
istia
ns in
tens
ifies
, es
peci
ally
vic
ious
in n
orth
with
wid
espr
ead
cont
inuo
us k
illin
gs..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
R-Lat
10,0
0010
.04
71,
747.
519
90M
exic
oE
scal
atin
g vi
olen
ce a
gain
st O
axac
an P
rote
stan
ts,
ofte
n le
d by
Cat
holic
pri
ests
and
loca
l chi
efs.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.R
P-Eva
500
0.0
20
1,74
7.5
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
MARTYROLOGY 245
Con
tinue
d ov
erle
af
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
ontin
ued
1991
Bos
nia
In v
icio
us 4
-yea
r ci
vil w
ar,
200,
000
incl
udin
g m
any
cler
gy a
re k
illed
by
Mus
lim,
Cat
holic
Cro
at,
and
Ort
hodo
x S
erb
mili
tias;
Bos
nian
fr
N.B
agar
ic.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.O
R-Lat
20,0
000.
14
11,
772.
719
91C
olom
bia
Wor
ld’s
mos
t vi
olen
t co
untr
y (3
8,00
0 ki
lled
p.a.
), m
issi
onar
ies
mur
dere
d by
gue
rrill
as,
drug
lord
s: 1
995
T.V
an D
yke,
S.W
elsh
; m
any
Pen
teco
stal
pas
tors
.. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
P-Eva
5,00
01.
03
41,
772.
719
91P
eru
Vio
lent
gue
rrill
a w
arfa
re:
L.G
uti
erre
z,M
.Sar
mie
nto
,C.C
asav
erd
e,C
.Var
gas
,N.T
atte
rsal
l,J.
Ch
uq
uin
; 19
92 B
ible
tra
nsla
tor
R.S
aun
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
P-Eva
3,00
00.
03
01,
772.
719
91H
aiti
Ove
r 2,
000
shot
to
deat
h su
ppor
ting
RC
pri
est
elec
ted
pres
iden
t, J.
-B. A
rist
ide;
500
mor
e di
e un
der
tort
ure;
pas
tor
Syl
vio
Cla
ud
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
R-Lat
1,50
00.
03
01,
772.
7c1
992
Libe
ria
Civ
il w
ar e
ngul
fs c
ount
ry,
chur
ches
des
troy
ed,
Chr
istia
ns s
laug
hter
ed;
mis
sion
arie
s To
m &
Ju
ne
Jack
son
(WE
C),
pas
tors
J.F
alla
h,
D.S
aah
dise
mbo
wel
ed..
. .
. .
x.
P-Eva
15,0
002.
24
51,
798.
319
92A
ngol
aA
s ci
vil w
ar c
ontin
ues,
num
erou
s ki
lling
s: s
r M
.Pim
ente
l, sr
M.C
ule
mb
ee M
un
to,
fr A
.de
Fo
nse
ca G
uer
ra,
sr L
ou
rdes
Ag
uia
r..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
R-Lat
9,00
00.
13
11,
798.
319
92U
SA
Spo
radi
c bu
t co
ntin
uous
kill
ings
: ne
ws
edito
r M
anu
el d
e D
ios
shot
in N
ew Y
ork
bar
for
expo
sing
coc
aine
car
tels
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.a
P-Eva
200
0.0
20
1,79
8.3
1993
Bur
undi
5th
wav
e of
vio
lenc
e si
nce
1961
: 20
0,00
0 H
utus
kill
ed b
y Tu
tsi a
rmy;
cle
rgy
targ
eted
; 19
93 B
ible
Soc
iety
’s G
.Bim
azu
bute
, 19
96 a
bp J
.Ru
hu
na.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xA
R-Lat
40,0
001.
04
41,
824.
319
93S
udan
500,
000
Sou
ther
n B
lack
Chr
istia
ns d
rive
n in
to d
eser
ts a
nd s
tarv
e to
dea
th t
hrou
gh d
elib
erat
e di
vert
ing
of f
amin
e re
lief
food
by
Isla
mic
sta
te b
urea
ucra
ts.
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
A-Ang
460,
000
11.9
57
1,82
4.3
1994
Rw
anda
Gen
ocid
e: r
ulin
g H
utus
mas
sacr
e 70
0,00
0 Tu
tsis
(R
Cs,
Ang
lican
s, R
eviv
alis
ts);
I.H
avu
gim
ana,
T.G
atw
a, f
r J.
Ru
tum
bu,
3 bi
shop
s, 1
01 p
ries
ts,
64 n
uns.
. .
. .
. .
. xR
R-Lat
520,
000
11.7
67
1,85
0.7
1994
Egy
ptC
ount
ryw
ide
viol
ence
by
mili
tant
Mus
lims
burn
ing
Cop
tic c
hurc
hes,
sho
ps,
busi
ness
es,
villa
ges,
sch
ools
; 1,
000
Cop
ts k
illed
; m
onk
Nu
r al
-Qu
ms
Bin
yam
in.
. .
. .
. .
.M
O-Cop
1,00
00.
03
01,
850.
719
94M
exic
oC
atho
lic a
ctiv
ists
mur
dere
d in
Zap
atis
ta g
uerr
illa
upri
sing
; m
ainl
y w
omen
and
chi
ldre
n..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
x.
R-Lat
300
0.0
20
1,85
0.7
1995
Pal
estin
eR
ando
m k
illin
gs o
f ch
urch
wor
kers
: br
othe
r B
.Gra
ssib
eate
n to
dea
th.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
R-LEr
200
0.0
20
1,87
7.4
1995
Sud
anS
udan
ese
air
forc
e dr
ops
napa
lm o
n 3
stro
ngly
-Chr
istia
n ci
ties
in N
uba
Mou
ntai
ns,
killi
ng t
hous
ands
; Ara
b tr
oops
mur
der
50,0
00 m
ore.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
A-Eva
12,0
007.
04
61,
877.
419
96U
gand
aK
idna
ppin
gs,
mur
ders
, m
assa
cres
of
scho
olch
ildre
n co
ntin
ue,
mai
nly
by L
ord’
s R
esis
tanc
e A
rmy
(LR
A)
rebe
ls n
orth
of
Gul
u..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .I
A-Eva
2,00
01.
03
41,
901.
219
96Z
aire
Mut
inie
s, r
ebel
lions
, m
ilita
ry r
ampa
ges,
ref
ugee
s, m
ass
loot
ings
, sw
eep
the
coun
try;
tho
usan
ds o
f la
yper
sons
, cl
ergy
, w
orke
rs m
urde
red,
mas
sacr
ed.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. x.
P-uni
5,00
00.
13
11,
901.
219
97In
done
sia
Larg
e or
gani
zed
mob
vio
lenc
e in
crea
ses
annu
ally
; 50
chu
rche
s a
year
atta
cked
, bu
rned
(20
0 in
Eas
t Ja
va).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .M
P-Ref
500
0.0
20
1,92
5.4
1997
Pak
ista
nM
obs
of 3
0,00
0 M
uslim
rio
ters
go
on r
ampa
ge,
burn
ing
dow
n ch
urch
es,
Chr
istia
n ho
mes
, sh
ops,
bus
ines
ses;
loot
ings
, m
urde
rs,
inst
ant
exec
utio
ns.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.M
P-uni
1,00
020
.03
81,
925.
419
98A
fgha
nist
anTa
liban
mili
tary
reg
ime
(Sun
nis)
sla
ught
ers
thou
sand
s of
Haz
aras
(S
hias
) in
Maz
ar-e
-Sha
rif,
incl
udin
g 50
0 C
hris
tians
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xM
I-3nZ
500
50.0
29
1,94
9.8
1999
Indi
aV
iole
nt R
SS
/VH
Pac
tivity
sup
port
ed b
y an
ti-C
hris
tian
Hin
du g
over
nmen
t ki
lls n
uns,
pri
ests
, pa
stor
s, m
issi
onar
ies.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xH
R-Lat
6,00
00.
03
01,
974.
519
99Ti
mor
Tim
or U
N-r
un p
lebi
scite
ove
rwhe
lmin
gly
vote
s fo
r In
depe
nden
ce:
befo
re a
nd a
fter,
mili
tias
targ
et C
atho
lics,
kill
7,0
00 c
lerg
y an
d la
ity..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
R-Lat
4,00
02.
03
51,
974.
520
00W
orld
Tota
l of
mar
tyrs
list
ed a
bove
dur
ing
Epo
ch I
X.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
11,9
04,2
800.
63
31,
999.
620
00W
orld
All
othe
r m
arty
rdom
situ
atio
ns,
know
n or
unk
now
n, d
urin
g E
poch
IX
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–95
2,00
00.
13
31,
999.
620
00W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
IX
(in
divi
dual
, do
mes
tic,
fam
ily,
isol
ated
).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
500,
000
0.0
00
1,99
9.6
2000
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
du
rin
g E
po
ch IX
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
13,3
56,2
800.
73
31,
999.
620
00W
orl
dG
lob
al c
um
ula
tive
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
sin
ce A
D 3
3.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–69
,421
,230
0.8
34
1,99
9.6
mill
ions
Year
Mai
n lo
cus
Des
crip
tion
of m
ajor
mar
tyrd
om s
ituat
ion
Rel
ated
indi
vidu
al m
arty
rs (
thes
e ar
e th
e na
mes
sho
wn
in b
oldf
ace
type
)P
ers
Trad
Mar
tyrs
MR
%M
agIn
tG
loba
lC
hris
tians
12
3 4
56
78
910
11
246 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
EP
OC
H X
:F
UT
UR
E S
CE
NA
RIO
S O
F M
ISS
ION
AN
D M
AR
TY
DO
M,A
D 2
000-
2050
(fo
r de
tails
of
num
erou
s pu
blis
hed
scen
ario
s, s
ee P
art
2 “C
osm
oChr
onol
ogy”
)—
Wor
ldC
hurc
h in
man
y M
uslim
cou
ntri
es f
orce
d un
derg
roun
d in
to c
land
estin
e ac
tivity
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
I-3cZ
–1.
04
41,
999.
6—
Wor
ldE
nd o
f 2n
d M
illen
nium
lead
s in
to b
reak
dow
n of
law
and
ord
er,
mas
s pa
nic,
cha
os,
killi
ngs,
mar
tyrd
oms.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
xQ
R-Lat
–1.
09
4—
Wor
ldO
rgan
ized
mas
s te
rror
ism
des
troy
s ca
thed
rals
, V
atic
an,
and
othe
r m
ajor
Chr
istia
n ce
nter
s..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .a
R-Lat
–1.
08
4—
Wor
ldS
uppr
essi
on o
f al
l mis
sion
; gl
obal
chu
rch
forc
ed in
to c
atac
omb
exis
tenc
e..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
I-Eva
–2.
08
520
13W
orld
Chu
rch
of t
he A
bsol
utel
y P
oor
goes
on
glob
al r
ampa
ge,
killi
ng m
illio
ns..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.a
I-3cZ
–4.
09
52,
299.
720
25W
orld
Fin
al d
emis
e of
org
aniz
ed d
enom
inat
iona
l Chr
istia
nity
; m
ass
apos
tasi
es..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.a
I-3cW
–1.
08
42,
616.
720
38W
orld
Chu
rch
of t
he P
urifi
catio
n at
tem
pts
to s
et u
p a
Rep
ublic
of
Chr
ist;
pitc
hed
battl
es,
thou
sand
s of
mar
tyrs
eac
h ye
ar..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
x.
I-3pZ
–20
.04
82,
834.
520
40W
orld
Wor
st a
nti-C
hris
tian
pers
ecut
ion
in h
isto
ry,
inst
igat
ed b
y w
orld
gov
ernm
ent
orde
ring
vol
unta
ry m
arty
rdom
of
all f
ollo
wer
s of
Chr
ist.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. xa
I-3pW
–5.
010
62,
869.
620
50W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
X (
indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
––
larg
e0.
00
03,
051.
620
50W
orl
dG
lob
al t
ota
l of
all m
arty
rs d
uri
ng
Ep
och
X.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
very
larg
e1.
78
53,
051.
6
EP
OC
H O
ME
GA
:TH
E B
IBL
ICA
L E
ND
-TIM
E (
vari
ous
bibl
ical
sce
nari
os w
ith s
ome
liter
al f
eatu
res)
Wor
ld1s
t P
erse
cutio
n: 4
Hor
sem
en o
f th
e A
poca
lyps
e, 2
5% o
f w
orld
kill
ed (
Rev
elat
ion
6:8)
.. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
–
––
25.0
108
Wor
ld2n
d P
erse
cutio
n: 7
th S
eal,
6th
Trum
pet,
33%
kill
ed (
Rev
elat
ion
9:18
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
––
33.0
108
Wor
ld3r
d P
erse
cutio
n: T
he 2
Witn
esse
s: c
hurc
h al
l but
obl
itera
ted
(Rev
elat
ion
11:4
-8).
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
–90
.010
10W
orld
The
Gre
at T
ribu
latio
n: T
rini
ty o
f E
vil,
4th
Per
secu
tion
(Rev
elat
ion
12:1
1-17
)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
––
–10
.010
7W
orld
The
Gre
at (
5th
and
Fin
al)
Per
secu
tion,
with
mas
s ap
osta
sies
(R
evel
atio
n 13
:5-1
0)..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
––
–95
.08
10W
orld
Bac
kgro
und
mar
tyrd
om d
urin
g E
poch
Om
ega
(indi
vidu
al,
dom
estic
, fa
mily
, is
olat
ed)
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–fo
rmid
able
0.0
00
Wo
rld
Glo
bal
to
tal o
f al
l mar
tyrs
du
rin
g E
po
ch O
meg
a.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. –
–m
any
mill
ions
2.0
109
Tabl
e 4–
10 c
oncl
uded
MARTYROLOGY 247
254 Aaron & Julius brit552 Aba, mar, patriarch catholicos iraq
1999 Abadiano, Ted philc300 Abadion, bp of Antinoopolis egypc291 Abadir egypc250 Abadyus egyp2000 Abakumate, sr M centc309 Abamun of Tarnut egypc309 Abamun of Tukh egyp1004 Abbo fran410 Abda, mar iraq375 Abdas, metropolitan iraq341 Abdechalas & Ananias iraq
1996 Abdel-Sayeda, H. L. egyp309 Abdon ital
1758 Aberin, fr J. S. usa786 Abo geor523 Abraham yeme
1998 Abrao ango1936 Abrikosov, mother C. russ249 Abu Sayfayn egyp
1400 Abu’l Farag egyp523 Abu-Afr, governor yeme
c125 Acacius arme1220 Accursio moro251 Achatius, bp turk
c100 Achilleus ital1583 Acquaviva, fr R. indi997 Adalbert, bp of Prague russ
1222 Adam, bp of Caithness britc550 Adeodatus (Astouadz-Mapod) arme1632 Adolphus, king Gustavus germ304 Adrian & Natalia turk875 Adrian of May, bp brit
1998 Adrienne, sr conz825 Adulfus & John spai
1963 Adwok, pastor G. sudac287 Aesculapius egypc305 Aesi egyp1932 Afanassy, bp of Stavobelsk russ1970 Afonin, I.A. russ303 Afra germ
1948 Aftemie, bp roma304 Agape gree
1932 Agapit, abp of Ekaterinoslav ukra259 Agapitus of Praeneste ital
c255 Agapius, bp tuni249 Agatha ital
c1640 Agathangelo of Vendome, fr franc300 Agathon and brothers egypc170 Agathonice turk1227 Agnello moroc350 Agnes ital1794 Agricola Viala fran1992 Aguiar, sr L. ango1653 Ahatalla, metropolitan indi575 Ahudemmeh, bp of Tagrit iraq
1779 Aitolos, K. alba1220 Aiuto moro2000 Akullu, G. ugan2000 Akweyo, sr D. ugan1945 Akya Nai, pastor myan1992 Al-Hari, A. phil1387 al-Jadid, Jirjis egyp959 al-Muzahim, Jirjis egyp
1998 Alam, pastor Noor paki209 Alban of Verulamium brit577 Aldate, bp of Gloucester brit
1282 Aldobrand of Florence iran1995 Alean, pastor M. colo1997 Alege, prof A. conz1985 Aleku, B. ethic117 Alexander ital397 Alexander ital
c260 Alexander pale284 Alexander & Asterius turk
1720 Alexander the Deacon russ1932 Alexander, abp russ249 Alexander, bp of Cappadocia egyp840 Alexander, bp of Fiesole ital251 Alexander, bp of Jerusalem egyp
1938 Alexey, bp of Petrograd russc800 Alkelda, princess britc360 Alladyus, bp egyp1871 Allard, fr fran1985 Allende, S. N. chil1861 Almato OP, fr P. viet1628 Alonso Rodriguez SJ para1633 Alonso, fr L. japa1999 Aloysius, sr M. sier1012 Alphege, abp of Canterbury brit1973 Alsina, fr J. chil1704 Alverez, fr R. mexi1996 Alzate Varela, pastor P. colo1993 Alzokim, N.F. egyp1995 Amador, pastor Manuel colo
1794 Ambroise, fr R. fran1771 Ambrose, abp of Krutitsy russ1934 Ambrose, bp of Podolsk russ1918 Ambrose, bp of Seroapulsk russ1918 Ambrose, fr russ1927 Amfiteatrov, P. belo1992 Amlak, fr A. ethic320 Ammonius, bp of Latopolis egypc285 Amsah of Qift egyp2000 Amzati, C.G. conz1905 An, evangelist chin448 Anahid iraq341 Ananias iraq303 Anastasia croa628 Anastasius the Persian turk610 Anastasius, patriarch geor
1938 Anatole, metrop of Odessa russc300 Anatolius, general egyp1997 Anchanickal SJ, fr T. indi1998 Andeni, fr L. keny1900 Andlauer SJ, fr M. chin1666 Andrade, vicar apostolic ethi1794 Andre, fr J. fran
69 Andrew, Apostle greec355 Andrew, monk egyp1918 Andronick, abp of Perm russ304 Andronicus ital
1645 André, catechist viet1998 Anetta, sr yeme1976 Angelelli, bp Enrique arge1813 Angelis gree1323 Angelus of Spoleto italc168 Anicetus, pope ital1704 Anixa, A. usa346 Anna iraq66 Anna of Ormisdat arme
1979 Annanias, fr O. uganc660 Annemond, bp of Lyons fran1634 Ansalone, fr G. japa295 Anthimus, bp of Nicomedia turk
1282 Anthony of Armenia iran91 Antipas turk
1347 Antoniy lith1460 Antony of Rivoli (Tunis) tuni1932 Antony, bp of Archangel russ1964 Anuarite, sr M.C. conzc290 Anub egypc295 Apaiule egypc300 Apoli egypc285 Apollo egypc290 Apollonius egypc185 Apollonius, senator ital1945 Apor, bp Vilmos hung245 Appolonia, deaconess egyp413 Apringius, proconsul tuni180 Aquilinus tuni
1833 Aquino, Anastasio elsa1987 Arango, sr Ines ecua1583 Aranha, F. indi1550 Arason, bp J. & 2 sons denm1936 Arbona, fr B. spai1921 Archangelsky, pastor T. russ1934 Arconada, fr J. B. spai1985 Arensen, J. suda523 Aretas yeme
1995 Argelio, pastor J. colo931 Argentea spai
1977 Argew, T. ethic310 Arianus, governor egyp333 Aristakes I, patriarch arme
1155 Arnold of Brescia fran1704 Arraiyo, fr J. P. usa1977 Arreola, sr Silvia Maribel elsa1628 Arrowsmith, fr E. britc298 Arsenius egyp1400 Arsenius egyp1935 Arseny, abp of Serpuhov russ1936 Arseny, metrop of Novgorod russ1936 Artigues, fr R. spai1830 Asad es Shidiak leba1859 Ascanio OFM, fr N. syric290 Ascla egyp2000 Asienzo, sr P. ugan284 Asterius turk
c296 Athanasius egyp258 Athanasius, bp egyp
c1982 Athers, Lester nicac288 Athom egypc97 Atirnerseh, patriarch arme451 Atom & his legion arme
c120 Atrasis, daughter of Hadrian ital1936 Audi, fr F. spai1918 Audo, abp iraq1881 Augier, fr buru259 Augurius tuni
1988 Augusto, fr Giraldo Cesar colo
1736 Aulneau, fr J. P. usa434 Auraeus, bp fran850 Aurea spai91 Aurelia Petronilla ital
852 Aurelius spai1977 Avdeyev, M.V. russ1672 Avila y Ayala, fr P. usa1682 Avvakum Petrovich, archpriest russ1989 Ayap, pastor A. phil1991 Aziza, Adel egyp467 Azquir saud112 Babai turk484 Babowi, catholicos iraq284 Babylas, bp egyp251 Babylas, patriarch of Antioch turk
1992 Bacabis, G. phil315 Bacchus syri
1943 Bacon, D. boli1410 Badby, J. brit1997 Badiali, rev D. peru1975 Badre OSB, prior J. camb1886 Badzekuketta, A. ugan1991 Bagaric, fr N. bosn1996 Bagtasos III, pastor S. phil1992 Bakheit, dr S. egyp1980 Bakholdin, S. russ285 Balana, priest egyp
1959 Balint, S. hung1792 Balmain SJ, fr F. fran1966 Bamba, Emmanuel conz1886 Banabakintu, Luke uganc300 Bandilaus, monk egyp1987 Bangirimana, Ernest buruc285 Banina egyp1279 Bar Kaliq, bp of Tus iran346 Barbashmin, catholicos iraq
1963 Barbosa, evangelist Dinis gunb1981 Barendsen, Eeva afgh1981 Barendsen, Erik afgh2000 Bargiggia, fr A. buru1601 Barkworth, fr M. brit304 Barlaam of Antioch turk
1641 Barlow, fr. A. brit61 Barnabas, Apostle cypr
1540 Barnes, Robert brit1781 Barreneche, fr J. A. usa1593 Barrow, Henry brit
112 Barsamya turkc297 Barsanuphius (Warshanufy) egypc850 Barsanuphius, monk egyp493 Barsumas, bp iraq
1982 Barta, fr J. czec68 Bartholomew, Apostle arme
1936 Bartholomew, bp russ1534 Barton, Elizabeth brit1918 Basil, abp of Chernigov ukra298 Basil, bp egyp
c297 Basilidas, general egyp207 Basilides egyp
1978 Bassera, fr Ernesto elsa1993 Bassiliouss, P. egyp1872 Bassost, fr F. usa1936 Baste, fr N. spai1997 Batista, sr T. braz250 Batra egyp
1984 Bazira, pastor G. ugan1546 Beaton, abp D. brit1706 Beatrice, Donna conz1950 Beda SJ, fr Tsiang chin1997 Bedoya, fr A. colo1988 Beebwa, sr M.T. ugan1998 Beheydt, pastor G. S. italc355 Behnam egyp1321 Belibasta, Guilhem fran1985 Beling, fr M. phil2000 Bello, fr C.O. nige1997 Beltran, A. saud1684 Beltran, fr M. mexi1003 Benedict of Benevento polac150 Benignus fran1998 Benimana, sr F. rwan1686 Benitez, fr E. mexi1989 Benitez, fr M.A. coloc291 Benjamin egyp422 Benjamin iraq
1917 Benjamin Simon, catholicos iran1918 Benjamin, fr russ1922 Benjamin, metrop of Petrograd russ1220 Berard moro685 Bercharius, abbot fran
1970 Bergemann, F. russ327 Berikjesu iraq
1680 Bernal, fr J. usa1999 Bernall, Cassie usa2000 Bernardo, fr J. alba1866 Berneux, bp S.-F. souk
1583 Berno, P. indi1612 Bertelete, fr E. hond884 Bertharius, abbot ital
1638 Berthelot, fr P. indo1896 Berthieu SJ, fr J. mada1198 Berthold, abbot estoc297 Besamon egyp1975 Betancur, fr I. hond1991 Bethea, Lynda keny1916 Bettex, Paul chin1999 Bhatti, Sabir John paki1977 Biayenda, cardinal abp E. congc360 Bibiana ital1975 Biblenko, I.V. russ1977 Biko, Steve soua1860 Billottet SJ, fr E. leba1531 Bilney, Thomas brit1993 Bimazubute, G. buru1972 Binyoni, Abel buru1945 Birch, J. chin1990 Biscaro, fr Egidio ugan
c1820 Bishay, Sidhom egyp1971 Biswas, U. bang1981 Bitterman III, C.A. colo316 Blaize, bp arme177 Blandina fran
1597 Blasquez, fr Pedro B. japa1900 Blind Chang Shen chin1968 Blood, H. viet1657 Bobola SJ, fr Andrew belo1936 Boguna, fr L. spai1989 Boisvert, fr A. japa1860 Bonacina, br F. leba1388 Bonaventure Peraga, cardinal ital1945 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich germ754 Boniface (Winfrith), bp neth
1792 Bonnaud SJ, fr J. J. fran1937 Boretsky, M., metropolitan ukra1936 Bori, fr P. spai1015 Boris & Gleb russ1956 Boris, metrop of Nevrokop bulg1946 Borisevicius, V., bp of Telsiai lith1989 Bortolotti, fr F. moza1145 Bosinlother, abbot Conrad ausz1997 Bosmans, Sr M. rwan1952 Bossilkoff CP, bp E. bulg1516 Botello OP, Diego trin1120 Botvid swed1998 Boumans SVD, fr G. para1838 Bovie, fr P. D. viet1555 Bradford, John brit1858 Braeuninger, M. usa1942 Brandsma, fr Tiko germ1714 Brankoveanu, prince Constant roma1950 Brennan, bp P. T. nork1986 Brennes, J. mexi1927 Bretzkiy, bp N. ukra1581 Briant, fr A. brit1560 Brooks, J., bp of Gloucester brit
c1970 Brown, bp D. libe1859 Brown, John usa1972 Brown, pastor bang1640 Bruni SJ, fr B. ethi1009 Bruno, bp of Querfurt lith1600 Bruno, br G. ital1997 Buchwolder, sr C. buru1923 Budkiewicz, C., vicar russ
c1250 Bulus al-Habis egyp1996 Bumendwa, fr J. C. conz1872 Burgos, fr Jose phil1942 Bushiri, Mulumozi conz1886 Buzabaliawo, James ugan1998 Bwabulakombe, sr S. conz1996 Bwambale, pastor P. conz1950 Byrne, bp P. J. nork1974 Cabo, fr M. usa1985 Cabrera Rivera, prof C.H. guat570 Cadoc, bp ital
c560 Cadog franc165 Caecelia ital1938 Cairns, fr R. chin1941 Cairns, fr R. J. chin1985 Calderon, Z.S. peru1541 Calero, br J. mexic286 Callinicus egypc300 Callinicus turkc222 Callistus I, pope ital1976 Calvan, pastor R. phil1996 Camacho, H. phil1989 Campanella, fr C. moza1661 Campbell, A. brit1581 Campion, fr E. brit287 Candidus swit
1086 Canute IV, king denm1131 Canute Lavard denm1991 Capasilan, A. phil
Definition. A Christian martyr is defined in this analysis as a personwith 5 essential features. A martyr is (1) a believer in Christ who (2)loses his or her life (3) prematurely (4) in a situation of witness (5) asa result of human hostility.Dates and names. The first column for each entry gives the year ofthe martyr’s death, A.D. The second column gives name and, occa-sionally, ecclesiastical occupation or rank.Country codes. The last of the 3 columns of information gives thecountry (using today’s name) where the individual died. The 4-lettercodes shown are this survey’s standard short code for everythingconcerning the country in question. Any countries not included heremay very well have martyrdom situations described in Table 4–10
but names of individuals involved may remain unknown.Description of this table. In the main, this is a listing of individuals,but with 3 exceptions to firm up the identities of some individuals.Firstly, spouses and other relatives may be added in a phrase (‘andbrothers’, ‘and 2 sons’, etc). Secondly, widely-known pairs may belisted together, including named husbands and wives, but the sec-ond person is always given an additional separate entry under thissecond name. And thirdly, in well known group cases a group namemay be briefly added (‘Atom & his legion’). However, absence of suchadditions here does not imply absence of such extras. In fact, mostpersons in this listing of individuals lost their lives with one or morerelatives, with companions, or in much larger incidents or events.
Note that in recent years in the interests of brevity and concise-ness names have been reduced to surnames followed by initials, al-though full Christian names have occasionally been added to assistidentification. Likewise, a person’s occupation may be given, espe-cially if ecclesiastical.Abbreviations. abp = archbishop, bp = bishop, br = brother or monk(only from AD 1330 onward), Canter = Canterbury, ecu = ecumeni-cal, fr = father (priest, only given here after AD 1516), Jerus =Jerusalem, met = metro = metrop = metropolitan, msgr = monsignor,patr = patriarch, sr = sister (nun; only given here since 1950). Initialsafter the first name/surname = Roman Catholic order or congrega-tion (e.g. SJ = Jesuit).
Table 4–11. Alphabetical listing of 2,550 known Christian martyrs, AD 30-2000.
continued overleaf
Continued opposite
Table 4–11 continued
1871 Captier, fr E. fran1936 Carbonell, fr C. spai1640 Cardeira SJ, fr L. ethi1661 Cargill, D. brit1900 Carleson, N. chin1950 Carlo, bp A. chin1964 Carlson, P. conz1999 Carmeline, sr sier1983 Carney SJ, fr J.G. hond1794 Carnus, fr C. franc170 Carpus, bp turk1734 Carranco, fr L. mexi1998 Carreno, fr M. O. mexi1936 Carrio, fr A. spai1996 Carro, C. Quiroz colo1624 Carvalho, fr J. japa1992 Carzedda, fr S. phil1597 Casas Martinez, Felipe japa1991 Casaverde, C. peru1925 Cassels, bp W. C. chin298 Cassian moro
1638 Cassian of Nantes, fr ethi1986 Castilblanco, N.A. nicac300 Castorius ital1605 Catesby, Robert brit307 Catherine of Alexandria egyp
1871 Caubert, fr J. fran1626 Caun, V. japa1915 Cavell, Edith belgc337 Caxo, prince iraq1985 Ceballos, M. G. chil178 Cecilia ital
1992 Celiz, Romeo phil1649 Chabenel, N. cana1980 Chacon, Juan elsa1901 Chalmers, pastor J. papuc299 Chamoul egypc286 Chanazhum egyp1988 Chandra, fr F. sril1841 Chanel, fr P. M. vanu1950 Chang MM, sr Agneta nork1996 Chanthom, Toun camb1900 Chao Hsi Mao chin1811 Chao, A. chin1985 Chappell, R. papu1648 Charles I, king brit1974 Charlier, fr E. conz1839 Chastan, fr J. H. souk1887 Checa y Barba, abp J. I. ecua1689 Chefdeville, fr A. usa1964 Cheney, J. usa1918 Chernikh, S. russ1996 Cherukarokunnel, L. J. indi1905 Chestnut, Eleanor hong1998 Chicangana, fr A. J. colo1915 Chilembwe, John mala304 Chione gree
2000 Chittinapilly, fr S.J. indi1983 Chiwanga mala1866 Cho, Peter souk1998 Chocho, Alber pana1944 Choo Kee Chul, pastor nork422 Chouchanik iraq
1996 Christian, pastor Ishak indo249 Christopher turk250 Christophorus egyp303 Chrysogonus ital
1923 Chrysostomos, met of Smyrna turk1662 Chu Tsu-hsuan, emperor myan1801 Chu, fr James souk1801 Chung, Augustine souk1993 Chunjee, bp P.S. chin1976 Chunsar OSB, fr B. C. camb1991 Chuquin, J. peru1991 Cisneros, fr Moises guat180 Cittinus tuni283 Cladius, Stratelates egyp
1980 Clarke, sr M. elsa1991 Claude, pastor Sylvio haitc300 Claudius ital1996 Claverie P., bp of Oran alge
99 Clement, bp of Rome ukra1871 Clerc, fr A. fran1811 Clet, F. chin1820 Clet, fr F. R. chin
c90 Cletus, bp of Rome ital1981 Clipa, I. roma1586 Clitherow, Margaret brit1979 Coba, bp E. alba1413 Cobham, Lord brit1678 Coleman, Edward brit1572 Coligny, admiral Gaspard de fran1997 Collazo, S. mexi1963 Collins, Addie Mae usa1012 Coloman ausz1989 Colombo OFM, bp P.S. soma1998 Colorado, Adan colo853 Columba of Cordoba spai
c299 Comas egyp1998 Commissari, fr L. braz1996 Concesse, Sr buru1998 Conedera, bp J. G. guatc260 Conon turk1288 Conrad of Saxony geor1975 Constable, pastor Eric indo576 Constantine, abbot brit
1622 Constanzo, fr C. japa1731 Contova SJ, fr Juan Antonio micrc340 Copres egyp1644 Corby, fr Ralph brit
1837 Cornay, fr J. C. viet1594 Cornelius, fr J. brit253 Cornelius, pope ital
1989 Corniall, sr Maurice nica1996 Coronel, J. D. colo1936 Corral, fr O. spai1696 Corvera, fr F. usac300 Cosmas & Damian turk1564 Cossin, fr B. mexi1582 Cottam, fr T. brit1981 Coufal, fr P. czec1637 Courtet OP, fr W. japa1990 Courtney, sr M. nica1929 Coveyou, fr W. chin1944 Coy, Juan colo1921 Coyle, J. E. usa1553 Cranmer, abp Thomas brit2000 Crasta, fr V. indic302 Crescentia ital
110 Crescentius turk1704 Criado, fr D. usa1549 Criminali SJ, fr A. indi1619 Crisinus, fr M. hungc285 Crispin fran304 Crispina of Tagora alge
c285 Crispinian fran1991 Cristovao, fr M.J. moza1992 Culembee Munto, sr M. ango1998 Curic, fr V. rwan1684 Custodio, fr F. mexi1985 Cuthbert, R. W. M. jama1975 Cypher OFM, fr M.C. hond258 Cyprian, bp of Carthage tuni
c291 Cyriacus egypc260 Cyril turk1638 Cyril I Lukaris, ecu patriarch turk1638 Cyril II Kontaris, ecu patriarch turk1860 Cyril IV, patriarch egypc260 Cyril, bp of Gortyna gree1936 Cyril, metropolitan of Kazan russ303 Cyrus & John egyp
1998 Czuba, fr J. cong1736 d’Artiquette, P. usa1736 d’Esgly, F. M. usa1997 d’Herouville, Sr C. chad1881 D’Hoop, fr F. buru1963 da Costa, Joaquin gunb1963 da Silva, pastor Pedro gunb1997 da Silva, rev J. J. C. braz1561 da Silveira SJ, fr G. zimbc337 Dado, governor iraqc360 Dafrosa & Demetria ital679 Dagobert II, king fran
c286 Dalasina egyp1968 Dale, pastor Stan indo1985 Dalle Pezze, sr T.P. moza1979 Dalmajo, fr S. ugan1771 Damascenus russ1935 Damaskin, bp of Gluhov ukrac299 Damian egypc300 Damian turk1973 Damian, abp of Tirane alba345 Daniel iraq
1227 Daniel of Belvedere span1648 Daniel SJ, A. cana347 Daniel, patriarch arme
1965 Daniels, J. usa1958 Dapcha, Lama David nepa1871 Darboy, G., abp of Paris fran1936 Darder, E. spaic286 Dasyah egyp1798 Dat, fr J. viet304 Dativus tuni
1866 Daveluy, bp M. A. N. soukc292 David egypc650 David of Douine arme1878 David, fr ital1567 de Acevedo, fr P. mexi1859 de Albera OFM, fr. N. M. syri1860 de Albera, fr M. M. syri1974 de Alencar, F.T. peru1536 de Almasia, J. para1638 de Almeida, bp Apollinaris ethi1606 de Altamirano, fr M. mexi1634 de Andrade, fr A. chin1623 De Angelis, fr J. japa1637 de Aozaraza, fr M. japa1612 de Aranda SJ, fr M. chil1696 de Arbizu, fr J. usa1691 de Arce, Jose boli1632 de Arvide, fr M. usa1597 de Auñon, fr M. usa1585 de Ayala, fr A. mexi1576 de Azevedo OP, fr Silvestre camb1570 de Azevedo SJ, fr I. spai1597 de Badajoz, fr A. usa1623 de Baena, br J. hond1549 de Barbastro, fr L. C. usa1871 de Bengy, fr A. fran1773 de Bernave, fr J.C.G. mexi1988 de Boisseson, fr J. mada1649 de Brebeuf SJ, fr J. cana1693 de Britto SJ, fr J. indi1567 de Burgos, fr P. mexi1644 de Capillas OP, fr F. chin1696 de Carbonel, fr A. usa1397 de Cetina, J. spai1996 de Chergé OCSO, dom C. alge1597 de Corpa, fr P. usa1736 de Coulonge, L. d’A. usa
1541 de Cuellar, fr A. mexi1992 de Dios, Manuel usa1397 de Duenas, P. spai1680 de Espeleta, fr J. usa1680 de Figuero, fr J. usa1992 de Fonseca Guerra, fr A. ango1916 de Foucauld, Charles alge1972 de Freitas, pastor F. ango1597 de Goto, fr J. S. japa1567 de Herrera, br J. mexi1860 de Jacobis, bp Justin ethi1696 de Jesus Maria Casañas, fr F. usa1997 de Jesus, bp B. phil1680 de Jesus, fr J. usa1840 de la Cruz, Apolinario phil
c1976 de la Cruz, fr C. guat1553 de la Cruz, fr D. usa1542 de la Cruz, fr J. usa1996 de la Fuente, br F. conz1680 de la Pedroso, fr J. usa1586 de la Puebla, fr A. mexi1680 de la Ribourde, fr G. usa1928 de la Vega, fr J. mexi1730 de Labrid, bp N. vene1834 de Leon, fr A. D. usa1680 de Lorenzana, fr F. usa1685 de Marolles, Louis fran1680 de Mdorales, fr L. usa1553 de Mena, fr J. usa1704 de Mendoza, fr M. usa1792 De Millou SJ, fr J. C. fran1314 de Molay, J., grand master fran1612 de Montalban SJ, br J. chil1621 de Montchretien, A. fran1612 de Monteagudo, fr J. hond1718 de Montesdoca, br L. usa1680 de Montesdoca, fr J. usa1680 de Mora, fr A. usa1726 de Oca, fr L. M. usa1631 de Ortega, fr P. usa1704 de Osorio, fr T. usa1648 de Oviedo, fr A. pana1542 de Padilla OFM, fr J. usa1704 de Parga, fr J. usa1549 de Pekalosa, fr D. usa1680 de Pro, fr A. S. usa1571 de Quiros, fr L. usa1709 de Rebullida, fr P. cost1989 de Rocha, fr A. moza1597 de Rodriguez, fr B. usa1998 de Rojas, M. R. colo1314 de Rosatis, A. of Milan arme1516 de Salcedo OP, fr F trin1642 de San Antonio, fr J. pana1672 de San Vitores SJ, fr J. guam1680 de Santa Maria, fr A. usa1581 de Santa Maria, fr J. usa1616 de Santarn, fr H. mexi1731 de Saraoz, fr D. usa1571 de Segura, fr J. B. usa1950 de Smedt, bp L. J. chin1571 de Solis, fr G. usa1736 de St Agne, L. G. usa1706 de St Cosme, fr J. F. B. usa1326 de Stapledon, Walter, bp brit1680 de Talban, fr J. usa1564 de Tapia, fr J. mexi1758 de Terreros, fr A. G. usa1736 de Tonty, P. A. usa1626 de Torres, fr B. japa1680 de Torres, fr T. usa1616 de Tovar, fr H. mexi1680 de Trujillo, fr J. usa1542 de Ubeda, fr L. D. usa1792 de Vafons, count fran1550 de Valdivieso, bp A. nica1612 de Vecchi SJ, fr H. chil1680 de Velasco, fr F. usa1936 de Velasco, fr I. spai1680 de Vera, fr D. usa1582 de Villalobos, fr L. mexi1736 de Vincennes, F. M. B. usa1961 de Vos, pastor R. cong1709 de Zamora, fr J.A. cost1963 Debior, P. sudac359 Decius egyp1871 Deguerry, fr fran1976 Deinega, N.Y. russ1586 del Rio, fr J. mexi1680 del Val, fr J. usa1792 Delfaut SJ, fr W. A. fran1838 Delgado, bp I. viet1624 Delgado, fr D. mexi1706 Delhalle, fr C. usa1945 Delp, fr A. germc360 Demetria ital1802 Demetrios of Chios gree235 Demetrius ital
1321 Demetrius, br indi308 Demetrius, megalomartyr gree
1529 Denck, H. neth1998 Deng, A. Y. suda1881 Deniaud, fr buru1900 Denn, fr P. chin259 Denys, bp of Paris fran411 Desiderius, bp of Langres fran607 Desiderius, bp of Vienne fran
1998 Desrumeaux, sr A. conz834 Deusdedit, abbot of M Cassino ital
1945 Devine, H. myan
2000 di Bari, fr R. ugan1988 Dias OFM, fr C. paki2000 Dias, J. da Rocha ango1834 Diaz OFM, fr usa1781 Diaz, fr J. M. usa1994 Diaz, Veronica J. mexi1994 Dibaj, pastor Mehdi iran1838 Diem, V. viet
c1993 Difen, bp Liu chin1918 Dimitri, pastor russ1936 Dimitry, abp of Gdovsk russ305 Dimyanah & her 40 Virgins egyp448 Dindui, metropolitan iraq
c300 Diomed turk484 Dionysia tuni
1261 Dionysius, antipatriarch iraq1976 Dios Murias, fr C. argec287 Dioscorus egyp1922 Dobrolubov, pastor russ1996 Dochier OCSO, br L. alge1227 Domno moro1997 Donado, elder W. colo180 Donata tuni304 Donatilla tuni347 Donatus, bp of Bagai tuni617 Donnan & 52 companions brit
1938 Donovan MM, fr G. chin1980 Donovan, sr J. elsa1567 Donzel, fr F. mexi313 Dorothy turk
1918 Dovganav, P. russ1970 Druck, V. russ1559 Du Bourg, Anne fran1792 Du Lau, abp J. M. fran1729 du Poisson, fr P. usa1736 du Tisne, L. C. usa1652 du Tremblay, fr J. L. ethi1871 Ducoudray, fr L. fran1944 Duenas, fr Jesus guam1942 Duhamel, fr A. C. solo1978 Dunaway, Jr., A.G. zimb2000 Duque, fr H. colo1954 Durkovici, bp A. roma1985 Durksen, Y. russ1964 Dwatuka, fr B. suda1943 Dye, B. boli1943 Dye, C. bolic650 Dympna of Ireland belg1662 Dyre, Mary usac850 Ebba, abbess brit869 Edmund the Martyr, king brit979 Edward the Martyr, king brit
1918 Efrem, bp of Selenginsk russ303 Efrem, bp of Tomis roma
1989 Ejeru, pastor Joseph ugan1989 Elba Ramos, Celina elsa1989 Elba Ramos, Julia & Celina elsa523 Elesbaan yeme259 Eleutherius fran523 Elias yeme209 Elias & companions pale
c307 Elias the eunuch egyp523 Elija yeme
1918 Elizabeth, grand duchess russ1989 Ellacuria SJ, fr I. elsa1956 Elliot, J. ecuac300 Elmo, bp of Formiae ital2000 Emmanuel, bp G. indic660 Emmeram, bp of Poitiers fran754 Eoban, bp neth
1846 Epalle SM, bp solo1682 Epifanii, monk russc286 Epima egypc292 Epimachus egyp303 Epimachus of Pelusium egyp
c800 Erc, bp of Slane irel1150 Eric of Sweden swed1075 Erlembald ital1121 Erminold, abbot of Prufening germ1148 Ernest, abbot of Zwiefalten saud1977 Eschtruth, G.J.R. conz
c1080 Eskil, bp swed1980 Espinal SJ, fr L. boli1985 Espino, pastor E. F. elsa1997 Estafanos, K. egyp1934 Esteban, fr T. chin1988 Estorba, fr M. phil794 Ethelbert, king brit
c291 Eudoxia egypc350 Eudoxius & companions pale304 Eulalia of Merida spai259 Eulogius tuni859 Eulogius of Cordoba spai
1954 Eunak, K. soukc355 Eunapius, monk egypc291 Euphemia egyp303 Euphemia turk379 Eusebius, bp of Samosata turk379 Eustace of Mtskheta geor
c111 Eustathius, Roman general ital419 Eustochium pale834 Euthymius, metrop of Sardes turk
c260 Eutropius, bp of Saintes fran1679 Evans, fr D brit1978 Evans, P. & S. zimb1978 Evans, S. zimb1347 Evastafiy lithc117 Eventius & Theodulus ital
64 Evodius, bp of Antioch turk1794 Expilly, bp L. A. fran
248 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 249
Table 4–11 continued
Continued overleaf
287 Exuperantius swit287 Exuperius swit250 Fabian, pope ital252 Fabius, bp of Antioch turk
c250 Faith (Foy) fran1992 Fallah, pastor J. libe852 Fandila of Cordoba spai
1932 Farabundo, Marti elsa1996 Farris, Dr. Ron como1757 Faulhaber, fr A. pola1985 Favali, fr T. phil1996 Favre-Miville OCOS, br P. alge303 Febronia iraq
c288 Febronia, nun egyp1935 Fedorov, exarch L. russc297 Felician ital1704 Feliciano, A. C. usa259 Felicissimus & Agapitus ital202 Felicitas tuni156 Felicitus Alexander turk165 Felicity turk287 Felix swit180 Felix tuni303 Felix of Thibiuca tuni
1679 Fenwick, fr J. brit1859 Fernandez, fr J. J. syri1990 Fernandez, fr T. colo1996 Fernando, SJ, R. M. camb1553 Ferrer, fr J. usa1936 Ferreres, fr J. B. spai1622 Fidelis of Sigmaringen swit1981 Fietje, K. thai1986 Figaroa, N.M. mexi1903 Figueroa, Juana arge
c1927 Filaret, bp of Bobruisk byel1601 Filcock, fr. R. brit
c1995 Finnemann, bp W. phil1979 Fiorantie, fr A. ugan1992 Fiorini, fr Alfredo mozac290 Firmin, bp of Amiens fran1535 Fisher, cardinal John brit1978 Fisher, M. zimb259 Flavian tuni449 Flavian, patriarch turk95 Flavius Clemens ital
1956 Fleming, P. ecua1631 Fleming, fr P. czec1996 Fleury OCSO, br M. alge851 Flora of Cordoba spai
1986 Flores, Ernesto mexi655 Foillan, abbot fran
1952 Ford, bp F.X. chin1980 Ford, sr I. elsa1702 Foucault, fr N. usa1948 Fowler, E. colo1638 Franceschi SJ, fr H. ethi1339 Francis of Alessandria chin1314 Francis of Borgo San Sepolcro iran1314 Francis of Fermo arme1597 Francis of Miako japa1583 Francisco, fr A. indi1579 Franz, David hung866 Fremund brit
1948 Frentiu, bp roma1922 Friazinov, pastor russ1533 Frith, J. brit1921 Frolov, pastor J. russ259 Fructuosus, bp of Tarragona spai
1549 Fuentes, br usa1622 Fugiscima, fr D. japa1995 Fumagalli, Graziella soma1855 Gabra Mikael, fr ethi1996 Gabriel, I. A. egyp1952 Gacigi, G. keny1952 Gacigi, R. keny1983 Gadama mala1997 Gadzhiyev, G. russ1997 Gadzhiyev, Tatiana russ1997 Gafney SJ, fr T. nepa1833 Gagelin, F.-I. viet1990 Gagnaux, dr R. moza1996 Gakobwa, Sr I. buru1996 Gakondo, sr J. A. conz2000 Gallardo, fr R. phil1745 Gallizia, bp myan760 Gangolf fran
1752 Ganzabal, fr J. F. usa1998 Gaona, br M. A. Q. colo1692 Garangouas, M. usa1781 Garces OFM, fr F. T. usa1936 Garcia Villada SJ, fr Z. spai1982 Garcia, Anastasio guat1996 Garcia, br S. M. conz1851 Gardiner, Allen arge1544 Gardiner, J. brit1608 Garnet, fr T. brit1649 Garnier, fr C. cana1998 Gasigwa, sr E. rwan1730 Gaston, fr usa1996 Gatuku, fr C. conz1996 Gatunga, sr J. conz1994 Gatwa, T. rwan1679 Gavan, fr J. brit290 Gayane, abbess arme
2000 Gaytan, rev J. mexi1936 Gelabert, P. spai180 Generosa tuni250 Genesius of Arles fran303 Genesius the Actor turk
1591 Genings, fr E. brit
1693 Genoud, fr myan1340 Gentle of Matelica iran1514 George Novi of Sophia bulg1807 George of Chios gree850 George of Cordoba spai
1652 George of Ghiel, fr conz615 George the Monk iran
1595 George, fr A. ethi1972 George, Margaret iraq303 George, megalomartyr pale
1838 Georgios gree1046 Gerard, bp of Csanad hung1962 Gerber, D. viet304 Gereon germ
1998 Germaine, sr conz156 Germanicus turk675 Germanus, abbot fran729 Germanus, ecu patriarch turk799 Gerold, duke of Bavaria germ
1540 Gerrard, Thomas brit750 Gerulf belg165 Gervase & Protase ital
1608 Gervase, fr. G. brit1997 Geyer-Iwand, V. germ1981 Ghabrail, fr Abd Mutagalli egyp996 Ghabrial egyp193 Ghevondius, patriarch arme
1954 Ghika, fr V. roma1983 Gideon, dr myan1948 Gigni, bp alba1948 Gijni, bp alba1953 Gikonyo, E. keny1585 Gil, fr F. mexi1339 Gilotti, William chin1988 Giraldo, fr C. Augusto colo1996 Girgis, M. B. egyp1989 Giuliatti OFMCap, fr A. ango
91 Glabrio, Manius Acilius, consul ital1015 Gleb russ1952 Gnidovec, dean serb1794 Gobel, J. B. J., bp of Paris franc337 Gobidlaha, princess iraq1070 Godelive fran1965 Goehring, H. bang
c1150 Goharin & companions arme1960 Gojdic, bp Pavol slok1991 Goldsworthy, K. phil1970 Golev, S.T. russ1995 Gomez Ramos, pastor A. mexi1872 Gomez, fr Mariano phil1571 Gomez, fr G. usa1989 Gomez, Maria Cristina elsa1707 Gomidas, fr K. turk1692 Gonannhatenha, F. usa1985 Goncalves Kamtedza SJ, fr J. moza1992 Goncalves, sr M.L. Granado moza1979 Gono, fr M. czec1886 Gonza, Gonzaga ugan1637 Gonzales, fr A. japa1996 Gonzales, J. L. colo1628 Gonzalez SJ, fr Roque para1936 Gonzalez, fr E. spai1995 Goobe, A. soma1964 Goodman usa1979 Goodman, Dave turk1942 Gorazd, bp Pavlik czecc292 Gordian egypc350 Gordius pale1885 Gordon, general C. G. suda1902 Goretti, Maria ital1066 Gottschalk germ1642 Goupil SJ, R. cana
c1976 Gran, fr J.M. guat1989 Gran, Lovello phil1989 Gran, pastor Vizminda phil1977 Grande, fr R. elsa2000 Grange, fr R. ivor1995 Grassi, br B. pale1708 Gravier, fr J. usa1942 Gray, R. F. phil1593 Greenwood, John brit1317 Gregorios, Mar, bp turk1822 Gregory V, ecu patriarch turkc550 Grigor-Rajik arme337 Grigoris, exarch arme
1936 Grimaltos, R. spai1619 Grodecz SJ, fr M. hung1944 Gross, N. germ1962 Grove, M. soma1679 Grove, J. brit1778 Guillen, fr F. mexi1900 Guillon, bp L. chin1992 Guirguis, A.S. egyp1992 Guirguis, M.Q. egyp1980 Gurgula, fr A. ukra315 Gurias & companions iraq
1661 Guthrie, James brit1616 Gutierrez, fr P. mexi1632 Gutierrez, fr R. B. japa1991 Gutierrez, L. peruc440 Gwinear irel1584 Gwyn, R. brit1886 Gyavira ugan1996 Haaji, professor soma1997 Habakurama, rev I. rwan309 Habib the Deacon turk523 Habsa yeme
1613 Hachikan, Joaquin japa1387 Hadid of Giza egyp1919 Hahn, G. H. & 32 pastors germ
731 Hainmar, bp of Auxerre fran1988 Hairapetian, V. azer1996 Hakizimana, fr S. buru1948 Halan, Y. ukra1043 Hallvard Vebjornssen norwc450 Hamai of Kahyor egyp1662 Hambroek, A. taiw1992 Hamill, J. phil1528 Hamilton, Patrick brit1571 Hamilton, primate J. brit1985 Hammes, W. usa345 Hanania iraq
1996 Hanas, dr Michel Ayad egyp1885 Hannington, bp James ugan1996 Hansda, S. indi1996 Hapalla, J. phil1992 Hapalla, pastor Gregorio phil1679 Harcourt, fr W. brit1991 Hass, sr Claire baha1997 Hatagekimang, rev A. conz1998 Haviaropoulos, V. turk1994 Havugimana, evangelist I rwan853 Haymo, bp of Halberstadt germ870 Hedda of Peterborough, abbot brit
1908 Heinrich, fr L. usac286 Helias, bp egyp555 Helier chan
1942 Hennessey, J. G. solo1624 Henriquez, br J. mexi1156 Henry, bp of Uppsala swed1996 Her, Ah laosc300 Heraclides egypc291 Herai egyp1919 Herman, bp of Kamychen russ585 Hermenegild of Spain spai304 Hermes turk
1918 Hermogen, abp of Tobolsk russ1861 Hermosilla OP, bp H. viet1995 Hernandez Perez, pastor G. mexi1997 Hernandez, M. mexi1974 Hernandez, M. Gomez mexi1974 Hernandez, pastor nica1704 Hevia, fr D. mexi695 Hewald the Dark germ695 Hewald the Fair germ
1652 Heyling, Peter ethi1994 Heyns, moderator Johan soua
c1970 Heywood, J. viet1811 Hidalgo y Costilla, fr M. mexi1999 Hindu, sr sier297 Hipparchus turk235 Hippolytus, antipope ital
c1970 Hmara of Kulunda ukra1975 Hoang, pastor Van Dat viet1960 Hodgson, E. conz1942 Hoeben, H. neth1929 Holbein, fr G. chin1983 Holdenried, F.X. guat1642 Holland, fr T. brit1861 Holmes, J. L. chin1998 Hood, Carl colo1553 Hooper, bp John brit1567 Hoorn, count neth1973 Hopewell, Gladys taiw422 Hormisdas iraq408 Hormizd of Sylvanus, rabban iraq420 Hormizdas iraq
1943 Hosback, G. boli1970 Hossu, bp J. roma1535 Houghton, John, prior brit347 Houssik I, patriarch arme454 Hovsep I, patriarch arme
1994 Hovsepian-Mehr, bp H. iran1998 Hoyo, br J. indi290 Hripsime arme
1217 Hroznata czec1528 Hubmaier, B. ausz1998 Hubscher, fr M. mada1998 Hudon, fr B. hait1998 Hughes, B. brit1227 Hugolino moro1601 Hunt, Fr T. brit1943 Hunter, E. boli1992 Husband, sr G. came1996 Huseen, professor H. M. soma1527 Hut, H. ausz1643 Hutchinson, Anne usa1536 Hutter, J. neth1606 Hwang Ming-sha SJ, br chin1801 Hwang, S. C. souk305 Hypatius of Gangra egyp
1633 Ibanez, fr D. japac1925 Ierofey, bp of Veliki-Ustinsk russ1645 Ignace, catechist viet1814 Ignanos gree
115 Ignatius, bp of Antioch ital1400 Ileya egyp1995 Iloputaife, bp H. A. nige1839 Imbert, bp Laurence soukc700 Indract brit854 Indrechtach, abbot of Iona brit
1954 Indus, Artur russ2000 Inocencio, fr B. philc240 Intercisus, James iraq1347 Ioann lith
c1930 Ioann, bp of Mozyr byel1689 Iosif, hermit, & monks russ1992 Iqbal, Tahir paki1679 Ireland, fr W. brit1544 Ireland, J. brit
202 Irenaeus, bp of Lyons fran284 Irene turk
c359 Irene egyp304 Irene gree
1996 Irenee, sr buru1918 Irinarkh, fr russ303 Irineu, bp of Sirmium croa
1973 Isa, Peter ethi347 Isaac tuni
c299 Isaac of Tiphre egyp851 Isaac, monk spai
c850 Isaac, prince arme1996 Ishak Christian, pastor indo1995 Isho, E.K. iraq1997 Isidi, rev N. nige
c1480 Isidor & followers estoc305 Isidore of Takinash egypc299 Isidorus egypc300 Isidorus, monk egyp1993 Iskandar, E.N. egyp1936 Isla, fr L. spai1900 Isore, fr R. chin1918 Israel, monk russ1918 Issidor, bp of Mikhailov russ1714 Ivanov, Thomas russ1977 Ivanova, R. russ1632 Ixida SJ, fr A. japa1993 Izmery, A. hait1940 Jackson, F. C. indo1992 Jackson, J. libe1992 Jackson, T. & J. libe337 Jacob, bp iraq
1944 Jacob, Max franc300 Jacob, The Soldier egyp1943 Jaegerstaetter, F. germ1945 Jaffray, R. A. indo346 James iraq44 James Boanerges, Apostle pale
259 James of Cirta tuni1321 James of Padua indi422 James of Persia iraq62 James the Just, bp of Jerus pale54 James the Less, Apostle pale
1362 James, abp of Zaitun chin730 James, bp of Catania ital
1997 James, Jessica usa2000 Jami, fr Y. indo1997 Janda, R. saud180 Januaria tuni305 Januarius, bp of Benevento ital
1989 Jaramillo, bp Jesus E. colo1983 Jarlan, A. chil1980 Jaugelis, fr V. lith1991 Jeanne SAM, fr A. ivor1947 Jensen, fr B. chinc258 Jerasimus egyp1569 Jerome de la Croix thai1416 Jerome of Prague czec1540 Jerome, William brit856 Jeron neth33 Jesus pale
1985 Jeyarajasingham, pastor G. sril1936 Jimenez Malla, Ceferino spai1919 Joachim, abp of Nizhni-Novgo russ1431 Joan of Arc fran1822 Joana Angelica, abbess braz1646 Jogues SJ, fr I. cana303 John egyp
1096 John (Said bar Sabhuni), bp turk1016 John Baptist Vladimir, prince alba407 John Chrysostom, patriarch turk
1415 John Hus germ526 John I, pope ital825 John of Cordoba spai
1339 John of India, br chin1536 John of Leiden germ1393 John of Nepomuk czec1209 John of Phanidjoit egyp1631 John of Prado moro1478 John of Sahagun spai1346 John the Blind luxec860 John VII Grammaticus, patr turk928 John X, pope ital95 John, Apostle turk
337 John, bp iraq448 John, bp of Karka iraq
1066 John, bp of Mecklenburg germ1960 John, evangelist Esther pakic357 John, The Soldier egyp327 Jonah iraq
1693 Joret, fr myan1996 Jorge, br J. R. conz1597 Joseph, mar, metropolitan indi1938 Joseph, metro of Petrograd russc850 Joseph, prince arme1628 Juan del Castillo SJ para1560 Juan, br mexi
66 Jude (Thaddaeus), Apostle arme1992 Juliet philc291 Julitta egyp254 Julius brit
c302 Julius of Durostorum bulgc120 Junia ital1996 Jurcevic, sr D bosn165 Justin Martyr & 5 companions ital
1920 Justin, abp of Omsk russc286 Justus, son of Numerianus egyp1938 Juvenal, abp of Riazan russ1796 Juvenal, hieromonk usa1997 Kabera, rev E. conz
Continued opposite
Table 4–11 continued
1383 Kador, John arme1998 Kagabo, fr B. rwan1886 Kaggwa, Andrew ugan1953 Kaguru, A. keny1973 Kagwa, M. ugan1996 Kahegezo, fr B. K. conz1527 Kaiser germ2000 Kaiser, fr A. keny1996 Kajibwami, br F. conz1886 Kalemba, Matthias ugan1979 Kalienuk, fr Z.A. ukra1962 Kanamuzeyi, pastor Yona rwan1996 Kanyamanza, fr P. conz1597 Karasumaru, Leo japa1992 Kariuki, pastor H. keny2000 Karketta, fr R. indi1994 Karuhije, dean A. rwan1996 Kasati, fr J. conz1998 Kathihe, sr L. ango
c1995 Katoolig, C. somac289 Kau of Bismay egyp1985 Kautudja, sr L. ango1980 Kazel, sr D. elsa1678 Kemble, John brit821 Kenelm, prince brit
1535 Kenraghty, chaplain Maurice irel1902 Kensit, John brit1995 Kerkatta, John indi1981 Kernweisz, bp K. roma1624 Ketevan, queen iran1992 Khalil, H.F. egypc450 Kharitas ethi1959 Kherie, bp A. ukra1964 Khmara, N. russ1938 Khoren I, catholicos arme1982 Khrapov, N.P. russ1983 Ki-Yoon, pastor I. souk1886 Kibuka, Ambrose ugan1973 Kiggundu, fr C. ugan686 Kilian, bp, & 11 companions germ
1846 Kim Tai Kun, fr Andrew souk1839 Kim, Agatha souk1943 Kim, evangelist chin1905 Kim, evangelist chin
c1990 Kim, pastor nork1951 Kimbangu, prophet Simon conz1622 Kimura SJ, fr S. japa1619 Kimura, fr L. japa1900 King, A. chin1968 King, Jr, pastor Martin Luther usa1886 Kiriggwajjo, Anatole ugan1918 Kirion III, catholicos-patriarch geor1886 Kiriwawanvu, Mukasa ugan1952 Kirtoff, apostolic exarch bulg1597 Kisai, fr J. japa1949 Kisi, abp K. alba1258 Kitbuga, general syri1886 Kiwanuka, Achilles ugan1972 Kiwanuka, justice Benedicto ugan1997 Kiyumukiza, rev A. N. conz1886 Kizito ugan1990 Klein, Valve esto1985 Kluiters, fr N. leba1960 Knauf, E. conz1988 Knoerl, br K. zimb1838 Koa, P. viet1917 Kochurov, fr I. russ1944 Kocylowskyj, bp ukra1944 Koenzgen, G. germ1633 Kohioye, fr M. japa1883 Koi, David keny1941 Kolbe OFM, fr Maximilian pola1860 Kolland OFM, fr E. syri1992 Kolmer, sr J. libe1992 Kolmer, sr S. libe1740 Koman, pastor D. slov1992 Kon, Paul suda1993 Korfeh, pastor T. libe1948 Kostelnyk, fr H. ukra1980 Kotyk, fr Y. ukra
c1942 Kowalski, J., primate pola1979 Krasnova, T.K. russ1962 Kruegler MM, fr W.C. boli1964 Kucherenko russ1999 Kulakov, pastor A. russ1919 Kulbusch, bp Platon of Revel esto1623 Kuncevicz, abp Josaphat belo1066 Kuno, bp of Trier germ1918 Kuntsevich, L. russ1633 Kurobioye, M. japa1972 Kurti, fr Shtjefen alba2000 Kuzhikandom, fr G. indi1627 Kwon, Vincent japa1821 Kyprianos, abp cypr1987 Labaca Ugarte OFMCap, bp A. ecua1645 Labado, fr F. mexi180 Laetantius tuni
1944 Lagerstadr, Farnz germ1974 Lain, fr Domingo colo1646 Lalande SJ, fr John de cana1649 Lalemant SJ, fr G. cana705 Lambert, bp of Maastricht belg
1970 Lamichami, Krishna nepa1567 Lamoral of Egmont neth1963 Landim gunb1792 Lanfant, fr A. & 8 companions fran1816 Lantrua, fr G. chin1544 Larke, J. brit1990 Lasar, fr Hegumen russ1996 Lasker, evangelist Hussain indi
1553 Latimer, bp Hugh brit1645 Laud, William, abp of Canter brit1981 Laurinavicius, fr B. lith
c1985 Lavina, J. phil1919 Lavrenty, bp of Balakhna russ1991 Lawi, Ezra suda259 Lawrence ital
1616 Lawrence japa1339 Lawrence of Alessandria chin1535 Lawrence, Robert, prior brit1802 Lazarus the Bulgar turk1637 Lazzaro di Kyoto japa1689 Le Clercq, fr M. usa1971 Le Febre, M. boli1685 Le Fevre, I. fran1405 Le Scrope, abp R. brit1683 Le Vacher, bp J. alge1992 Leal, sr Torres N. colo1940 Lebbe, fr F. V. chin1996 Lebreton, OCSO, fr C. alge1995 Leclerc, sr D. alge1866 Lee, John souk1942 Lee, pastor Kipoong souk1792 Lefranc, fr F. fran1588 Leigh, fr R. brit
c1940 Leisner, fr K. germ1996 Lemarchand OCSO, fr Bruno alge1227 Leo moro859 Leocritia spai679 Leodegar, bp of Autun fran
1654 Leonard of Chartres, fr cana1992 Leone, sr M. came202 Leonides egyp
c360 Leontius of Tripoli syric260 Leontius the Ascetic turc1918 Leonty, bp of Enotaev russ1632 Letrado, fr F. usa1944 Letterhaus, B. germ1616 Lewis japa1678 Lewis, David brit1679 Lewis, fr D brit1990 Lewis, pastor N. usa1799 Lewis, pastor T. frep1900 Li, fr J. chin1941 Lichtenberg, fr B. germc580 Licinianus, bp of Carthage turk1945 Liddell, Eric chin1964 Lifenya, director Pierre conz1994 Liibaan, Ibrahim soma1998 Lilia, sr yeme1896 Lilli OFM, fr Salvatore turk1994 Limar, br taji1960 Lin, H.H. chin1571 Linares, fr P. usa
c76 Linus, bp of Rome ital1941 Litaunieks, fr V. lith1995 Littlejohn, sr J. alge1938 Liu, H. chin1934 Liu, Y. C. chin1968 Liuzzo, Viola usa451 Livarius fran
1936 Llatje, fr J. spai1678 Lloyd, John brit1937 Lo Pa Hong chin1992 Locatelli, A. rwan1998 Loften, pastor A. usa1918 Longin, pastor russ1976 Longueville, fr G. arge1996 Loperena Soto OP, fr W. puer1989 Lopez Lopez SJ, fr J. elsa1989 Lopez SJ, fr A. elsa1623 Lopez, fr B. hond1582 Lopez, fr F. usa1976 Lopez, fr H. guat1560 Lorenzo, fr F. mexi1793 Louis XVI fran1998 Louis, fr J-P. hait1651 Love, pastor Christopher brit1837 Lovejoy, Elijah P. usa1847 Lowrie, Walter M. chin1996 Luc, Father alge1612 Lucas of Tokyo japa1564 Lucas, br mexi312 Lucian of Antioch turk
1996 Lucio, br M. A. I. conz1996 Lucio, sr M. A. I. conz180 Lucitas tuni
c171 Lucius ital259 Lucius tuni303 Lucy ital
c1985 Ludena, T. peru1886 Ludigo, Adolphus Mukasa ugan916 Ludmilla czec96 Luke the Evangelist gree
1802 Luke the New gree1992 Lukkappa, sadhu indi1315 Lull, Ramon alge1978 Lunkebein, fr R. braz1976 Lunkenbein, fr R. braz1936 Luque, fr E. spai1975 Lutsky, fr M. ukra1977 Luwum, abp Janani ugan1886 Lwanga, Charles ugan1834 Lyman, H. indo1978 Lynn, R. & J. & Pamela zimb1978 Lynn, J. zimb1978 Lynn, Pamela zimb1938 Lypkivsky, V., metropolitan ukra1860 Mabeiche, br A. H. leba1617 Macaido, fr J. B. japa
451 Macari of Edko, bp egypc305 Macarius egyp455 Macarius of Tkow, bp egyp
1906 Macdonald, dr R. J. chin511 Macedonius II, patriarch turk
1990 Mack, Myrna guat1995 Maclese, sr P. ghan1634 Maddalena of Nagasaki japa275 Magnus, bp of Fabrateria ital
1116 Magnus, earl of Orkney brit1997 Magomedov, H & T. russ1990 Magorrian, H.L. soua
c1995 Mahamed, S. soma1953 Maina, E. keny1989 Maire, fr G.F. braz484 Majoricus tuni
1996 Makaboge, moderator E. soua1918 Makarov, M. russ1944 Makary, abp russ1919 Makary, bp of Viazma russc295 Makrawi, bp of Nikiou egyp1860 Maksoud, br H. leba1992 Mal-Allah, S.A.K. saud1761 Malagrida, fr G. port1989 Malalay, fr D. phil1811 Malati, Muallim egypc260 Malchus pale1680 Maldonado, fr L. usa1998 Malenga, E. conz1998 Malesh, pastor J. suda1936 Malla, C. J. spai1985 Maluendo, J. M. P. chil274 Mamas turk
1990 Mamma, pr suda1998 Mandro, J-F. K. conz1972 Manganhela, Z. moza1900 Mangin, fr L. I. chin1992 Maniafo, S.J. keny1985 Manielpillai, fr M.B. sril1993 Manping, Lai chin1989 Mansalve, bp Jesus E.J. colo1527 Manz, F. neth1982 Manzinger, fr belo202 Marcella egyp410 Marcella ital
1997 Marcellina, sr A. T. S. paki413 Marcellinus Flavius, tribune tuni178 Marcellus ital298 Marcellus the Centurion moro309 Marcellus, pope ital
1835 Marchand, fr J. viet347 Marculus, bp of S. Numidia tuni305 Marcus egyp
1176 Marguerite of Roeskilde denm1995 Maria, sr Rani indi
66 Mariam of Houssik arme259 Marian tuni259 Marianus tuni
1601 Marin, fr Esteban phil278 Marina turk
1634 Marina di Omura japa262 Marinus pale68 Mark the Evangelist egyp
1801 Mark the New greec364 Mark, bp of Arethusa ital
c1700 Markel, br russ1847 Marmoiton, br newc1998 Marrero, mgr A. G. vene1993 Marsouk, H. egyp1339 Martel, Peter chin346 Martha iraq66 Martha of Makovtir arme
c650 Martin I, pope ukra1989 Martin-Baro SJ, fr I. elsa1566 Martinez SJ, fr P. usa1928 Martinez, br H. mexi1936 Martinez, fr B. spai1934 Martinez, fr E. spai
c1956 Martinuzzi, abp of Estergom hung397 Martyrius ital346 Mary iraq851 Mary of Cordoba spai
1860 Masi, Francis syri1860 Masi, Muti syri1860 Masi, Raphael syri1995 Masih, Iqbal paki1995 Masih, Javed paki1994 Masih, Manzoor paki2000 Masih, Mushtaq indi1999 Massoud, Magdi F. egyp1987 Massé SJ, fr André leba1968 Masters, P. indo1996 Mataboge, rev E. soua1983 Matenje mala1996 Mathias, mrs. C. usa1996 Mathias, pastor C. & wife usa249 Matra egypc70 Matthew (Levi), Apostle iraq
1400 Matthew of Escandel chin64 Matthias, Apostle turk
1534 Matthys, Jan germ1997 Matti, Haval iraq1991 Matti, Lazar iraq1962 Matulionis, bp of Kaisiadorys lith1839 Maubant, fr P. souk287 Maurice swit
1886 Mawaggali, Noe ugan304 Maxima tuni347 Maximian tuni295 Maximilian alge
178 Maximus ital662 Maximus the Confessor, abbot geor
1950 Maxville, Selma M. myan1577 Mayne, C. brit1936 Mayorga, fr M. spai1981 Mazeika, fr L. lith1940 Mazeika, L. lith1855 Mazzuconi, fr G. papu1992 Mbatha, S’Khumbuzo soua1996 McAleese, sr P. ghan
c1965 McBeth, fr bang1978 McCann, P. & S. & Joy zimb1978 McCann, Joy zimb1978 McCann, S. zimb1991 McCormack, sr Irene peru1956 McCully, E. ecua1992 McGuire, sr K. libe1650 McMahon, bp E. irel1964 McMillan, H. conz1963 McNair, Denise usa861 Meinrad of Einsiedeln, hermit swit
1972 Melnikov russ1689 Membre, fr Z. usa1661 Menard, fr R. usa631 Menas egyp
c717 Menas of Al-Ashmunayn egyp296 Menas the Miracle Maker egyp305 Menas, governor egyp
1962 Mendes, evangelist Formoso gunb1553 Mendez, fr H. usa1571 Mendez, fr J. B. usa1961 Mendez, Juana F. arge1990 Menn, fr Alexander russ1120 Merbot auszc356 Mercurius egyp254 Mercurius brit
1990 Meri, dean Harald esto311 Methodius, bp of Olympus turk
1921 Methody, bp of Petropavlovsk russ1944 Metzger, fr M. J. germ1943 Meyer, F. & 11 missionaries phil
c1180 Michael of Damietta syri1998 Michaela, sr yeme1994 Michaelian, pastor Tateos iran1601 Middleton, fr R. brit1989 Mien, fr Alexander russ180 Miggin tuni
1578 Miguel de Medina spai1997 Mihingo, rev N. conz1937 Mikael, bp ethi1400 Mikhail Abu Mokaitef egyp
c1930 Mikhail, bp of Slutsk byel1597 Miki SJ, fr Paul japa1993 Mikic OFM, fr L. bosn1993 Milicevic OFM, fr N. bosnc305 Milius egyp1999 Miller, Carla usa1981 Miller, fr J. guat1999 Miller, Jr., Shon usa1918 Miniatov, lawyer russ1631 Miranda, fr P. usa1869 Mirza Ibrahim iran1962 Mitchell, A. viet1918 Mitrophan, abp of Astrakhan russ1996 Miville OCSO, br P. F. alge1896 Mizeki, Bernard, catechist zimb1918 Modest, fr russc302 Modestus ital1991 Mohammed, br nige1974 Moiseyevich, pastor I. russ1918 Mokovsky, pastor G. & wife russ1450 Moleyns, A., bp of Chichester brit1314 Monold of Ancona arme1989 Monsalve, bp Jesus E. J. colo259 Montanus tuni
1647 Montero, fr F. mexi1989 Montes SJ, fr S. elsa1887 Moran, fr J. togo1535 More, Thomas brit1961 Moreau, fr Yvon Emmanuel hait1985 Moreira SJ, fr S. moza1815 Morelos y Pavon, fr J. M. mexi1696 Moreno, fr A. usa1781 Moreno, fr J. M. usa1986 Moreno, Norma mexi1934 Moreno, Ramonita arge1985 Moretto, fr J. ango
c1682 Morozova, Boyarina russ1645 Morse, fr H. britc197 Moses ital523 Moses of Yemen yeme
1921 Moslovsky, pastor J. russ1996 Mounabandi, sr C conz1400 Moussa, monk egyp1996 Mpengekeze, fr Y. buru1822 Muallim Ghali egyp1801 Muallim Malati egyp1992 Mueller, sr S. libe1886 Mugagga uganc310 Mui egyp1998 Mukagakwaya, sr X. rwan1997 Mukamihogo, sr F. conz1998 Mukamuhire, sr B. rwan1998 Mukanoheli, sr V. rwan1885 Mukasa, Joseph ugan1996 Mukeshimana, sr A. rwan1973 Mukhana, J. ugan1952 Mungai, J. keny1944 Munk, pastor Kaj denm1834 Munson, Samuel indo
250 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 251Table 4–11 continued
Continued overleaf
1998 Muntoni, fr G. ital1997 Munyakazy, rev E. conz1996 Munyankuyu, fr A. conz1525 Munzer, T. germ1996 Munzihirwa, abp C. conz1996 Munzombo, pasotr D. conz1983 Muothe, I.T. soua1952 Muriuki, W. keny1684 Muros, fr mexi1798 Murphy, fr J. irel1996 Murphy, sr C. ghan1976 Musaka, fr ugan1994 Musheng, Zheng chin1992 Muttra, sr B.A. libe1997 Muyoboke, rev F. conz1887 Muzeyi, Jean-Marie uganc300 Nabraha egyp1922 Nadezhdin, pastor russ1628 Nagascima SJ, br M. japac304 Naharuh egyp1998 Nakavoua, G. A. cong180 Namphano tuni285 Naou egyp
1680 Naranjo, B. usa180 Nartzalus tuni852 Natalia spai304 Natalia of Nicomedia turk
1977 Navarro, fr A. elsa1921 Nazary, metrop of Kutaisi geor1996 Ndacikiriwe, sr C. buru1996 Ndihokubwayo, sr L. buruc550 Nectan brit1997 Nedumattahil, fr J. indi1972 Nee, Watchman chin1862 Neel, J. P. chin1578 Nelson, fr J. brit1943 Nemantsevich, exarch A. byelc100 Nereus ital1756 Nerini, fr myan373 Nerses I, catholicos arme250 Nestor, bp of Perga turk451 Nestorius, patriarch jord
1679 Nevill, fr F. brit1996 Ngabo SJ, abp C. M. M. conz1886 Ngondwe, Pontian ugan1975 Nguyen, Huy Mai viet1975 Nguyen, Van Hoa viet1950 Nguyen, pastor viet1996 Ngwije, fr A. K. rwan1905 Ni, evangelist chin969 Nicephorus, emperor gree
c370 Nicetas roma1227 Nicholas moro1555 Nicholas Novi of Sophia bulg1754 Nicholas of Chios gree1990 Nicholson, sr A.C. angoc300 Nicostratus ital1998 Nielsen, B. M. buru1994 Nieto, F. A. E. peruc294 Nikander bulg
c1938 Nikandr, metrop of Odessa russ1919 Nikodim, bp of Belgorod russ1961 Nikolai, metrop of Krutitsy russ1938 Nikon (Lebedev), bp russ1938 Nikon, bp of Belgorod russ1996 Nikwigize, bp P. rwan304 Nilus, bp leba
1996 Nirere, fr B. conz1634 Nishi, fr T.H.R. japa1918 Nizza, L. russ1989 Nodrat, Zia Mohammed afgh1868 Noi Sunya thai1869 Non Chai, abbot thai1622 Novarra, fr P. P. japa258 Novatian, antipope ital
1994 Nsengiyumva, abp V. rwan1994 Nsengiyumva, bp T. rwan1996 Nsengiyunva, fr E. conz1994 Nur al-Qums Binyamin egyp1970 Nyabadza, fr B. zimb1997 Nyirabakungu, sr C. conz1997 Nyirarukundu, sr M. conz1926 Nyirenda, Tomo mala1975 Nze, bp Abuy Raphael equa2000 Nzikobanyanka, rev P. buru1651 O’Brien, bp T. A. irel1580 O’Cullenan, G., abbot irel1612 O’Devany, C., bp irel1575 O’Donnell SJ, E. irel1578 O’Hely, P., bp irel1584 O’Hurley, D., abp irel1995 O’Neill, fr E. soua1993 Ocampo, cardinal Juan J.J.P. mexi1861 Ochoa, bp V. B. viet1934 Odongo, Alfayo keny2000 Ogbu, fr J.M.O. nige1615 Ogilvie SJ, J. brit
66 Ogouhie, princess arme1988 Oido, fr C.O. ugan1988 Okagric, br A. ugan1030 Olav II Haraldsson, king norw1418 Oldcastle, Sir John brit1619 Oldenbarnevelt, J. van neth1871 Olivaint, fr P. fran1968 Olsen, Betty vietc301 Olympius egyp1795 Oprea, Miclaus, monk roma397 Optatus, bp of Thamugadi alge
1948 Ordacz, bp L. hung254 Origen leba
1922 Orlov, pastor russ1918 Ornatsky, fr F. russ1683 Ortiz de Zarate, fr P. arge1979 Ortiz, fr Octavia elsa
110 Oski arme1974 Ostapenko, pastor I.M. russ642 Oswald, king of Northumbria brit651 Oswin, king britc65 Osyth, queen brit
1622 Ota, fr A. japa1220 Otho moro1900 Otu, Samuel ghan1997 Ozdemir, Ali turk1954 Pacha, bp roma1583 Pacheco, fr A. indi1626 Pacheco, fr F. japa1993 Packianathan, fr V.S. indi1635 Paes SJ, fr G. ethic301 Paese egyp1988 Paisai, G. nepa1979 Palacios, fr Rafael elsa431 Palladius irel310 Pamphilus pale209 Pamphilus pale
1383 Panacea ital304 Pancras ital
1997 Pande, evangelist M. indic904 Pandonia britc290 Panesneu, deacon egypc313 Pantaleon, physician egyp130 Papius pale
c1898 Papizian, archimandrite J. turkc170 Papylus turk1985 Paredes, A.A. angoc260 Paregorius turc1987 Park, Jong Ch’ol souk
c98 Parmenas the deacon ital1339 Pascal of Victoria chinc298 Patape, bp of Coptos egyp1972 Pate, Mavis palec260 Patroclus fran426 Patroclus of Arles, primate fran
1871 Patteson, bp J. C. soloc290 Paul of Egypt egyp309 Paul of Jamnia pale64 Paul, Apostle ital
351 Paul, patriarch turk1936 Pavlivsky, I., metropolitan ukra1936 Payan, fr A. spaic300 Pelagia turk1999 Peleman, fr A. soua304 Peleus, bp leba
1997 Pena, fr S. C. colo2000 Pepe, fr R. conz1840 Perboyre, fr J. G. chin1840 Perboyre, fr Jean G. chin1928 Perez, fr P. mexi1627 Perez, fr R. cost1997 Perez, M. mexi850 Perfectus of Cordoba spai420 Peroz iraq202 Perpetua tuni
1995 Petcu, A. mold1220 Peter moro
311 Peter I Ieromartyros, patriarch egyp1133 Peter of Bruys fran1208 Peter of Castelnau, legate fran1365 Peter of Ruffia ital1321 Peter of Siena indi1252 Peter of Verona (Peter Martyr) ital1929 Peter, abp of Voronezh russ1936 Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsy russ448 Pethiun, evangelist iraq
1937 Petros, bp ethi1936 Peypoch, fr E. spai1992 Pfister, J. ivor1950 Phan Long, pastor viet345 Pherbutha iraq
1922 Philaret, bp of Kostroma russ304 Phileas, bp of Thmuis egyp
c290 Philemon egyp304 Philip bp of Heraclea turk
1934 Philip, abp russ60 Philip, Apostle turk
1567 Philip, metropolitan of Moscow russ297 Philotheus of Antioch turk518 Philoxenus, bp of Mabbogh iraq
1985 Philpot, J. mexi1555 Philpot, J., archdeacon britc292 Phiobammon of Preht egypc120 Phocas, bp of Bontos ital315 Phrebonia iraq
1978 Picken, C. zimb1679 Pickering, T. brit1569 Pietersz, Pieter neth1900 Pigott, J. chin1900 Pigott, T. W. & J. chin1897 Pilkington, G. L. ugan1752 Pillai, D. indi1919 Pimen, bp of Verny russ1992 Pimentel, sr M. ango1997 Pinard WF, fr Guy rwan1794 Pinot, fr N. fran1860 Pinzano OFM, Francis syri1680 Pio, fr J. B. usa250 Pionius turk
c288 Piroou egypc260 Piscus palec302 Pisura, bp of Masil egyp1938 Pitirim, abp russ
1900 Pitkin, H. T. chin1991 Plumey OMI, abp I. came1681 Plunket, primate O. brit1649 Plunkett, earl C. brit1697 Plunkett, fr C. usa1825 Pogio, fr Bartolome arge1934 Poliansky, abp Ambrose kaza304 Pollio hung
1918 Polotnikov, abp of Petrograd russ156 Polycarp, bp of Smyrna turk
1794 Polydorus the Cypriot greec250 Polyeuctus arme1934 Pommer, John, abp of Riga latv853 Pomposa spai
1704 Ponce de Leon, fr A. usa1619 Pongracz SJ, fr S. hung235 Pontian, pope ital177 Ponticus fran
c260 Pontius fran1984 Popieluszko, fr J. pola1985 Poplawski, fr P. pola1992 Poppa, sr R. rwan1310 Porete, Marguerite franc306 Porphry egyp309 Porphyrius pale
1633 Porras, fr F. usa1993 Posadas, cardinal J.J. mexi1918 Pospelov, abp G. russ207 Potamiana egyp305 Potamon of Heracla egyp177 Pothinus, bp fran
1984 Potochnyak, fr A. ukra1971 Potter, Nancy domr1971 Potter, Paul E. & Nancy domr1619 Poulain, fr G. cana1646 Powel, fr. P. brit1991 Prada Pires, fr J.M. braz586 Praetextatus, bp of Rouen fran
1952 Prennushi, abp N. alba1995 Prevost, sr O. alge1900 Price, Charles & Eva chin1900 Price, Eva chin1644 Price, fr Robert britc297 Primus ital386 Priscillian, bp spai
c260 Privatus fran1990 Priya SMA, sr indi1927 Pro Juarez, fr M. mexi304 Probus brit303 Procopius pale
c305 Procopius, governor egyp1800 Prosser, Gabriel usa165 Protase ital459 Proterius, patriarch egyp
c306 Psote of Psoi egypc171 Ptolemaus italc171 Publius, bp of Athens ital202 Pudens ital
1623 Puerta, fr C.M. hond1993 Puglisi, pastor G. ital339 Pusak, prefect, & 100 clergy iraq341 Pusicius iraq
1682 Pustosviat, Nikita russ1998 Puttaniyil, br L. indi286 Qndyr, queen iraq
c258 Quadratus, bp tuni259 Quartillosia tuni
1981 Quilini, H. N. egyp1998 Quinn, Jason brit1998 Quinn, Mark brit1998 Quinn, Richard brit1812 Quintana, fr A. usa1490 Rabata, A. ital1918 Radion, fr russ1981 Raflan, B. egypc870 Ragener brit1834 Rainitsiandavaka madac490 Rajden geor1998 Rajiv, John indi1724 Rale SJ, fr S. cana1996 Ramanauskas, fr V. lith1959 Ramanauskas, P., bp of Telsiai lith1988 Ramaralahy, br I. mada2000 Ramirez, fr A.G. colo1989 Ramon Moreno SJ, fr J. elsa1997 Ramos SJ, fr W. G. mexi1993 Ramos, bp Robert J. elsa1572 Ramus, Peter fran1995 Rangell, Hugo colo1837 Rasalama mada1945 Rauschenbach MM, fr O. A. chin1595 Rawlins, A. britc300 Rebecca of Sunbat egyp1652 Redemptus of the Cross, br indo1942 Redlich, V. papu1571 Redondo, fr C. usa287 Regula swit
1974 Reimer, G. pana1989 Reinkemeyer, sr A. keny1953 Reinys, M., abp of Vilnius lith1680 Rendon, fr M. usa259 Renus tuni
1661 Renwick, J. britc308 Repsima & 78 companions arme1989 Restrepo, fr S. colo202 Revocatus tuni
1847 Rey SJ, fr A. mexi1964 Rhine, Phyllis conz1839 Ri, J. souk1918 Riabuhin, pastor J. russ
1775 Ricci SJ, general L. ital1992 Ricci, fr F. ethi1339 Richard, bp of Almalik chin1553 Ridley, bp Nicholas brit1996 Ringeard OCSO, fr C. alge1626 Rinscei, P. japa1997 Rio, pastor W. phil1989 Rivera, Rufino phil1896 Rizal, Jose phil
c1780 Rizk Agha, vizier egyp1611 Roberts, fr. J. brit1963 Robertson, Carole usa1992 Robinson, W. leba
c1350 Roch, healer fran2000 Rochester, fr H. jama1987 Rodrigo OMI, fr Miguel sril1638 Rodrigues SJ, fr F. ethi1961 Rodrigues, deacon Pedro ango1582 Rodriguez, fr A. usa1970 Rodriguez, fr Nicolas elsa1642 Roe, Alban brit1985 Rojas, C.M. peru1999 Rojas, fr H. F. colo1985 Romano, fr R. phil
c1650 Romanul, Ioan Valahul roma884 Rombout of Malines belg
1980 Romero, abp Oscar elsa1985 Romero, fr A. phil1645 Romero, fr P. para1947 Romza, bp T. ukra1989 Rosales, sr Teresa nica1985 Rossiter, fr J. usa1985 Roth, F. usa1849 Roth, pastor S. L. roma1981 Rother, fr S. guat1936 Rovira, fr J. spai1984 Roxas, S. phil1984 Roy, fr mada1974 Rozanov, N. russ1642 Rubino, fr japa1080 Rudolf of Swabia ital1989 Ruelo, pastor Z. phil1339 Ruff, Raymond chin258 Rufina ital115 Rufus gree
1996 Ruhuna, J., abp of Gitega buru1995 Ruibal, pastor Julio C. colo1860 Ruiz OFM, fr Emmanuel syri1637 Ruiz, L. japa1997 Ruiz, pastor N. H. mexi259 Rusticus fran
1997 Ruterahagusha, pastor T. rwan1997 Ruterahagusha, T. rwan1994 Rutumbu, fr J. rwan1994 Ruzindana, bp J. rwan1998 Rwangeyo, sr D. rwan1922 Rybalkin, monk Fyodor russ1992 Saah, pastor D. libe372 Sabas the Goth roma
1996 Sabuni, pastor M. conz1626 Sadamatzu, G. japa1942 Sadd, A. kiri1998 Saenz, J. D. colo1992 Sahihembo, Alfredo ango1956 Saint, Nate ecua290 Salahouni, Theodore arme
1976 Salas, bp J. C. camb1400 Saleeb egyp1593 Sales, fr J. fran1936 Sales, V. spaic290 Salfana egypc800 Salib egyp1683 Salinas, fr arge1989 Saltori, fr O. moza1999 Saluhaku, fr A. ango1227 Samuel moro1981 Samuel, bp Makary El-Souria egyp
66 Samuel, satrap arme1980 Samwel, abp ethi180 Sanam tuni
1936 Sanchez, fr J. spai1696 Sanchez, fr L. usa851 Sanctius of Cordoba spai
1622 Sandaju, fr P. O. japa66 Sandoukhte, princess arme
1979 Sangaya, J. mala1963 Sangueso, P. P. arge1936 Santaella, fr M. spai1979 Santi, fr G. ugan1758 Santiesteban, fr J. usa1749 Sanz, bp P. chin1980 Sapoka, fr L. lith1995 Saquic Vasquez, pastor M. guatc355 Sarah egypc197 Sarah italc290 Sarah & children egyp1795 Sarai, Visarion, monk romac287 Sarapamon of Scetis, bp egyp1921 Sarichov, pastor S. russ1620 Sarkander, Jan czec1991 Sarmiento, M. peru1995 Saro-Wiwa, K. nige1998 Satchilombo, Francisco ango1527 Sattler, M. germ1967 Saturnino, fr suda202 Saturninus tuni259 Saturninus fran202 Saturus tuni
1593 Saultemouche, fr W. fran1992 Saune, R. peru
Table 4–11 concluded
1498 Savonarola, G. ital1401 Sawtrey, W. brit1983 Sawyer, sr Joan peru1979 Sayyad, fr iran1666 Schall SJ, fr A. von Bell chin1954 Scheffler, bp roma1996 Schiavo, fr G. tanz1534 Schiemer, L., bp germ1637 Schiwozuka, fr V. japa1944 Schmidlin, professor J. germ1976 Schmitt, bp A. zimb1988 Schmitz, CP, fr Carl phil1939 Schneider, pasotr germ1964 Scholten, W.H. conz1998 Schreck, sr M. soua1612 Scott, fr. M. brit1999 Scott, Rachel usa1996 Sebalija, sr L. conz1569 Sebastian Cantu thai288 Sebastian of Milan ital
1886 Sebuggwawo, Denis ugan180 Secunda tuni258 Secunda ital304 Secunda tuni
1978 Sedletsky, V. russ1886 Seghers, abp C. J. usa1952 Selanuok papu1977 Selassie, emperor Haile ethi309 Seleucus pale
1995 Sellekaerts IHM, sr C. conz1997 Selorio, pastor E. phil123 Semsoun, bp of Edessa iraq
1996 Semutwe, sr M. A. conz1736 Senat SJ, fr A. usa1953 Seng, Joseph chin309 Sennen ital
1986 Senter, L. & R. libe1986 Senter, R. libe2000 Sequeira, sr C. paki1938 Seraphim, bp russ1932 Seraphim, metro of Petrograd russc365 Serapion, bp of Thmuis egyp1994 Serech, P. guat1929 Serge, bp of Efremov russ523 Sergios yeme315 Sergius & Bacchus syri
1580 Serrato, fr J. mexi1886 Serunkuma, Bruno ugan484 Servus tuni
1973 Serwanika, J. ugan524 Severinus Boethius, consul ital304 Severus turk
1929 Seybold, fr C. chin1993 Shafiq, S. egyp1991 Shaga, Nana ethi342 Shahdost, catholicos iraq309 Shamona turk112 Sharbil turk
c1995 Sheekhdoon, M. somac1968 Sheikow, Musa soma1922 Shein, S. russ1980 Shelkov, V. A. russ1588 Shelley, F. britc299 Shenufe egypc299 Shenute egyp1830 Shidiak, Asaad leba1975 Shimun, catholicos-patriarch iraqc650 Shinudah, anba egyp1979 Shorrosh, A. pale1984 Shude SJ, fr F.Z. chinc473 Shushanik, queen geor1998 Siahae, J. indo1857 Sibour, abp of Paris fran1910 Sidhom Bishai, deacon egyp1714 Sidotti, abbot G. B. japa1400 Sidrak, priest, & 5 monks egyp1972 Sidumo, J. moza1997 Sifer, M. H. iraq1991 Sigridsson, S. phil1985 Sikufinde, fr L. ango1749 Silva, fr F. X. usa304 Silvanus syri537 Silverius, pope ital
1998 Simatupang, T. M. indoc800 Simeon egyp341 Simeon Barsabae, catholicos iraq
1975 Simescu, br roma2000 Simionato, sr G. buru
64 Simon Peter, Apostle ital61 Simon Zelotes, Apostle iraq
1921 Simon, bp of Ufa russ1936 Simon, fr A. spai1597 Simon, mar, metropolitan indic300 Simplicius italc300 Simpronian ital1932 Simpson, W. E. chin1945 Simrak, bp J. croa1995 Sinankwa, fr M. buru448 Sirin iraq397 Sisinnius ital
1936 Sitjar, fr T. spai1908 Sivila, Visitación argec117 Sixtus I, bp of Rome ital258 Sixtus II, pope ital
1979 Siyah, pastor Aristou iran1918 Skipetrov, fr A. russ1940 Skobtsova, mother M. pola1982 Smith, E. nica1844 Smith, Hyrum usa1844 Smith, Joseph usa1908 Sofiisky, exarch abp N. geor
1795 Sofronie of Cioara, monk roma1996 Sokan, Khoun camb1922 Sokolov, pastor russ1861 Sokolskij, abp J. russ1995 Solan, Joel phil1859 Soler, fr P. syri1950 Son Yang Won, pastor nork1918 Sontag, apostolic delegate iraq1990 Soodmand, pastor H. iranc140 Sophia egypc286 Sophronius egyp1985 Sorgon OCD, fr S. mada1996 Soto OP, fr W. L. puer1729 Souel, fr J. usa
110 Soukias & companions arme1595 Southwell, fr R. brit1654 Southworth, fr J. brit1991 Speers, J. phil180 Speratus tuni
1988 Spil MHM, fr C. ugan1622 Spinola SJ, fr C. japa1941 Sri-Phong, catechist P. thai1998 Sritharan, pastor Vasu sril1999 Staines, Graham indi1999 Staines, Philip indi1999 Staines, Timothy indi1934 Stam, Betty chin1934 Stam, John & Betty chin1079 Stanislas, bp of Cracow pola1990 Stanton, fr N. soua1918 Stavrovsky, fr A. russ1997 Stegar, Kayce usa1942 Stein, Edith pola1942 Stein, Rosa pola1293 Stepanos IV, patriarch arme257 Stephen I, pope ital
1334 Stephen of Gross-Wardein roma1288 Stephen of Hungary geor1242 Stephen of Narbonne fran347 Stephen of Ulnia arme36 Stephen the Deacon pale
764 Stephen the Younger, abbot turk284 Stephen, archdeacon egyp
1961 Stepinac, cardinal abp A. croa1988 Stockton, Ann phil1539 Stone, J. brit1856 Strang, James J. usa1991 Strzalkowski, fr Z. peru1990 Stumpf, H. kenyc810 Subaljesu, monk iraq1948 Suciu, bp roma422 Suenas iraq
1900 Sun Hwe Teh chin1929 Sundar Singh, sadhu chin1950 Sung Du, fr nork451 Suzanne arme
1981 Svanda, fr P. czec1999 Sweva, sr sier1990 Sylvia SMA, sr indi108 Symeon, bp of Jerusalem pale
c190 Symphorian fran1600 Tadaoki, Gracia japa1680 Talbot, P., abp of Dublin irel1734 Tamaral, fr N. mexi448 Tamasgerd iraq
1975 Tamonis, M. lith870 Tancred brit
1811 Tapeng, J. C. chin1942 Tapiedi, Lucian papu304 Tarachus brit
c300 Taragus & companions turk339 Tarbo, deaconess iraq
1936 Tarrats, J. spaic280 Tarsicius ital1988 Tarzwell, John pakic228 Tatiana, deaconess ital1991 Tattersall, N. peru1524 Tauber, Casper auszc301 Tecula egyp1690 Tegananokoa, S. usa1971 Tejerina, Silvita A. arge1922 Telegin, A. russ391 Telemachus ital138 Telesphorus, bp of Rome ital
1936 Tena, fr R. spai1981 Teodosiu, S. roma1975 Tep Im, bp Paolo camb1982 Terelya, B.M. ukra
66 Terentius arme1990 Tete, president Martin indi284 Thalelaeus turk
c125 Thalelaeus turkc50 Thecla turk220 Theodorus of Peshotep egyp
c306 Theodorus, bp of Pentapolis egypc725 Theodosia turk1918 Theodot russ258 Theodotus egyp
c117 Theodulus ital309 Theodulus pale
1980 Theofilas, patriarch ethi1918 Theophan, bp of Solikamsk russ1993 Theophiles, K.Y. egyp1635 Theophilus of Zakynthos greec111 Theopista ital1950 Thien Thi, pastor viet1616 Thomas japa
82 Thomas (Didymus), Apostle indi1170 Thomas Becket, abp of Canter brit1321 Thomas of Tolentino indi1997 Thomas SJ, fr A. T. indi
c900 Thomas, bp of Damascus syri1866 Thomas, R. J. soukc306 Tibarcius egyp178 Tiburtius ital
1919 Tikhon, abp of Voronezh russ1925 Tikhon, patriarch russc291 Til, soldier egyp1997 Timmons, br L. kenyc309 Timothy of Memphis egyp
97 Timothy, bp turk1680 Tinoco, fr M. usa2000 Tirelli, sr F. zamb1989 Tjibaou, Jean-Marie newc1982 Toj, Juan Garcia guatc295 Tolemaeus egyp1983 Toma, pastor Nicolas guat1991 Tomaszek OFM, fr M. peru1901 Tomkins, pastor O. papu1999 Tomlin, John usa1633 Tomonaga OP, fr J. K. G. japa1950 Tong-Sin, fr nork1984 Torboli, fr S. moza1949 Tornay, fr M. chin
c65 Torquatus spai1966 Torres, fr Camilo colo1977 Torres, L.A. elsa870 Torthred brit
1933 Tourian, abp Leontius usa1803 Toussaint-Louverture, F.D. fran870 Tova brit
1626 Tozo, M. japa1471 Tresham, T. brit1649 Trevino de Sobremonte, T. mexi1798 Trieu, fr E. viet1974 Trochta, cardinal S. czec1981 Troyer, J.D. guat643 Trudpert germ
1981 Tsachev, N.V. bulg1997 Tshisambu, fr F. conz1992 Tsotetsi, Saul soua1627 Tsuji, fr T. japa1964 Tucker, J. conz1979 Tumsa, Gudinsa ethi1616 Tunstall, fr. T. brit1991 Turati OFM, fr P. soma1959 Turcsanyi, msgr E. hung1679 Turner, fr A. brit1831 Turner, Nat usa1886 Tuzinde, Mbaga ugan1997 Twagirayezu, rev U. conz1536 Tyndale, William belgc310 Tyrannio, bp of Tyre turk1985 Tzalam Coj, Manuel de Jesus guat1852 U, fr Moses Nya myan345 Uarda (Rose) iraq
1592 Udall, J. britc1200 Uguzo (Lucio di Val Cavargna) ital1984 Ulcue Chocue, fr A. colo1028 Ulfrid swed1999 Umbarger, Deena M. soma1940 Urban SJ, fr J. pola230 Urban, pope ital
c295 Uri, priest of Shatanut egyp287 Urs swit538 Ursicinus, bp of Ravenna ital451 Ursula & virgins germ287 Ursus of Solothurn swit
c345 Usaghniyus egyp341 Usthazanes iraq
1997 Uwizeyimana, rev J. conz2000 Uzcudum, fr I. rwanc750 Vahan of Goghtn syri309 Valens pale
1936 Valenti, fr T. spai269 Valentine ital178 Valerian ital
c306 Valerianus egyp1985 Valerio, fr N. phil1541 Valverde OP, bp V. peru1995 Van Dyke, T. colo1989 Van Kleef CM, fr N. pana1619 Vanini, L. ital451 Vardan Mamikonian arme
1991 Vargas, C. peru1983 Vargas, pastor N. nica1919 Varsonoufy, bp of Kirillov russ
c1968 Vasilyevna, M. russ1950 Vasquez, Carmen arge1995 Vasquez, pastor M.S. guat1989 Vassallo, sr Emanuela liby1963 Vaz Martins, evangelist Victor gunb1861 Venard, fr J. T. viet1661 Venner, Thomas brit1597 Verascola, fr F. usa1918 Veraskin, abp A. russ1936 Verges, fr J. spai1817 Vesey, Denmark usa180 Vestia tuni177 Vettius Epagathus fran180 Veturius tuni
1974 Viaene, fr L. conzc305 Victor italc359 Victor egyp303 Victor Maurus ital
c301 Victor of Asyut egyp287 Victor of Marseilles swit
c287 Victor of Solothurn switc310 Victor of Stratelates ital484 Victorian tuni258 Victorinus fran304 Victorinus, bp of Pettau slov
1634 Vieira, fr S. japa1625 Viel, fr N. cana689 Vigilius, bp of Auxerre fran
1616 Vincent japa304 Vincent of Saragossa spai
1645 Vincent, catechist viet1994 Vincent, pastor Jean-Marie hait1922 Vishniakov, pastor russ1962 Vitti, A. vietc302 Vitus ital1918 Vladimir, metropolitan of Kiev ukra1948 Volai, bp alba1865 Volkner, Carl S. newz1860 Volta OFM, fr. C. syri476 Volusianus, bp of Tours fran
c1935 von Moltke, Helmut germc1976 Voordeckers, fr W. guat1943 Voronaev, I. E. russ1918 Vostorgov, fr J. russ931 Vulfura spai
1631 Wagner, fr Liborius germ1987 Wahid pakic289 Wakhus egyp1679 Wall, fr John brit1951 Wallace, W.L. chin
c1975 Wallenburg, Raoul pola1595 Walpole, H. brit1801 Wan-Suk, Columba souk1952 Wancegi, Mary keny1950 Wang Ling-Tso, fr chin1900 Wang Ten Ren chin1588 Ward, Margaret brit1979 Wasikye, John, bp of Mbale ugan1985 Wasnak, fr J.E. ango1535 Webster, Augustine, prior brit1989 Webster, David soua1920 Weinberg, Judith russ1716 Weiss, prefect L. ethi1995 Welsh, S. colo929 Wenceslas, prince-duke czec
1795 Wenmo, fr J. Z. souk726 Werenfrid neth
1963 Wesley, Cynthia usa1880 Westrup, J. O. mexi1679 Whitbread, fr T. brit1428 White, William brit1539 Whiting, R., abbot of Glastonb brit1847 Whitman, M. & N. usa1847 Whitman, N. usa
c1990 Wi-Foo myan926 Wiborada (Guiborat), recluse swit
c1000 Wigstan britc1600 Willems, D. neth1242 William of Arnaud fran1362 William of Campania ital1334 William of England iran1144 William of Norwich brit1201 William of Rochester brit1154 William, abp of York brit1839 Williams, John vanu1972 Williams, N. phil1986 Wilson, evangelist John E.H. ugan1660 Wilson, Margaret brit1968 Wilting, Ruth viet1998 Wimana, sr C. rwan1528 Winkler, pastor G. germ1546 Wishart, G. brit1988 Wojcickowski, sr S. paki1573 Woodhouse, fr T. brit1976 Woods MM, fr W. guat1651 Wright, Peter brit1989 Xinsheng, bp Li chin1996 Xiuju, Zhang chin
c1990 Xueyan, bp Fan chin1972 Yagozinsky, S. russ1989 Yeiwene Yeiwene newc
c1930 Yemelyanov, fr P. russ1623 Yempo, br Simon japa1995 Yi, C.H. russ1995 Yi, K. W. russ1997 Yirirwahandi, rev P. rwan
c1540 Yoannis al-Kalioobi, monk egyp1991 You WF, fr Alexander ugan1956 Youdarian, R. ecua1860 Younes, br E. leba1866 Yu, fr P. Chong-ryul nork1554 Yuhanna Sulaqa, catholicos turk1600 Yukinaga, general Konishi japa1791 Yun, Paul souk1996 Yusefi, pastor Mohammad B. iran
76 Zakaria, bp arme1971 Zakharov russ1872 Zamora, fr Jacinto phil1922 Zaozersky, pastor russ
66 Zarmandoukhte arme1571 Zeballos, fr S. usa1975 Zecianu, br roma303 Zeno of Rome ital304 Zenobius turk
1972 Zhiming, pastor Wang chin1645 Zigarran, fr T. mexi1795 Zlata of Magden bulg1626 Zola, fr J. B. japa
115 Zozimus gree1996 Zubiri, sr Carmen rwan1993 Zuma, Isaac soua1987 Zuma, pastor Antonio ecua1993 Zuma, Thandi soua1622 Zumarraga OP, fr japa
252 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 253
Continued overleaf
33 Jesus pale36 Stephen the Deacon pale44 James Boanerges, Apostle pale
c50 Thecla turk54 James the Less, Apostle pale60 Philip, Apostle turk61 Barnabas, Apostle cypr61 Simon Zelotes, Apostle iraq62 James the Just, bp of Jerus pale64 Evodius, bp of Antioch turk64 Matthias, Apostle turk64 Paul, Apostle ital64 Simon Peter, Apostle ital
c65 Osyth, queen britc65 Torquatus spai66 Anna of Ormisdat arme66 Jude (Thaddaeus), Apostle arme66 Mariam of Houssik arme66 Martha of Makovtir arme66 Ogouhie, princess arme66 Samuel, satrap arme66 Sandoukhte, princess arme66 Terentius arme66 Zarmandoukhte arme68 Bartholomew, Apostle arme68 Mark the Evangelist egyp69 Andrew, Apostle gree
c70 Matthew (Levi), Apostle iraqc76 Linus, bp of Rome ital76 Zakaria, bp arme82 Thomas (Didymus), Apostle indi
c90 Cletus, bp of Rome ital91 Antipas turk91 Aurelia Petronilla ital91 Glabrio, Manius Acilius, consul ital95 Flavius Clemens ital95 John, Apostle turk96 Luke the Evangelist gree
c97 Atirnerseh, patriarch arme97 Timothy, bp turk
c98 Parmenas the deacon ital99 Clement, bp of Rome ukra
c100 Achilleus italc100 Nereus ital108 Symeon, bp of Jerusalem pale110 Crescentius turk110 Oski arme110 Soukias & companions arme
c111 Eustathius, Roman general italc111 Theopista ital112 Babai turk112 Barsamya turk112 Sharbil turk115 Ignatius, bp of Antioch ital115 Rufus gree115 Zozimus gree
c117 Alexander italc117 Eventius & Theodulus italc117 Sixtus I, bp of Rome italc117 Theodulus italc120 Atrasis, daughter of Hadrian italc120 Junia italc120 Phocas, bp of Bontos ital123 Semsoun, bp of Edessa iraq
c125 Acacius armec125 Thalelaeus turk130 Papius pale138 Telesphorus, bp of Rome ital
c140 Sophia egypc150 Benignus fran156 Felicitus Alexander turk156 Germanicus turk156 Polycarp, bp of Smyrna turk
c165 Caecelia ital165 Felicity turk165 Gervase & Protase ital165 Justin Martyr & 5 companions ital165 Protase ital
c168 Anicetus, pope italc170 Agathonice turkc170 Carpus, bp turkc170 Papylus turkc171 Lucius italc171 Ptolemaus italc171 Publius, bp of Athens ital177 Blandina fran177 Ponticus fran177 Pothinus, bp fran177 Vettius Epagathus fran178 Cecilia ital178 Marcellus ital178 Maximus ital178 Tiburtius ital178 Valerian ital180 Aquilinus tuni180 Cittinus tuni180 Donata tuni180 Felix tuni180 Generosa tuni180 Januaria tuni180 Laetantius tuni180 Lucitas tuni180 Miggin tuni180 Namphano tuni180 Nartzalus tuni180 Sanam tuni
180 Secunda tuni180 Speratus tuni180 Vestia tuni180 Veturius tuni
c185 Apollonius, senator italc190 Symphorian fran193 Ghevondius, patriarch arme
c197 Moses italc197 Sarah ital202 Felicitas tuni202 Irenaeus, bp of Lyons fran202 Leonides egyp202 Marcella egyp202 Perpetua tuni202 Pudens ital202 Revocatus tuni202 Saturninus tuni202 Saturus tuni207 Basilides egyp207 Potamiana egyp209 Alban of Verulamium brit209 Elias & companions pale209 Pamphilus pale220 Theodorus of Peshotep egyp
c222 Callistus I, pope italc228 Tatiana, deaconess ital230 Urban, pope ital235 Demetrius ital235 Hippolytus, antipope ital235 Pontian, pope ital
c240 Intercisus, James iraq245 Appolonia, deaconess egyp249 Abu Sayfayn egyp249 Agatha ital249 Alexander, bp of Cappadocia egyp249 Christopher turk249 Matra egyp
c250 Abadyus egyp250 Batra egyp250 Christophorus egyp250 Fabian, pope ital
c250 Faith (Foy) fran250 Genesius of Arles fran250 Nestor, bp of Perga turk250 Pionius turk
c250 Polyeuctus arme251 Achatius, bp turk251 Alexander, bp of Jerusalem egyp251 Babylas, patriarch of Antioch turk252 Fabius, bp of Antioch turk253 Cornelius, pope ital254 Aaron & Julius brit254 Julius brit254 Mercurius brit254 Origen leba
c255 Agapius, bp tuni257 Stephen I, pope ital258 Athanasius, bp egyp258 Cyprian, bp of Carthage tuni
c258 Jerasimus egyp258 Novatian, antipope ital
c258 Quadratus, bp tuni258 Rufina ital258 Secunda ital258 Sixtus II, pope ital258 Theodotus egyp258 Victorinus fran259 Agapitus of Praeneste ital259 Augurius tuni259 Denys, bp of Paris fran259 Eleutherius fran259 Eulogius tuni259 Felicissimus & Agapitus ital259 Flavian tuni259 Fructuosus, bp of Tarragona spai259 James of Cirta tuni259 Lawrence ital259 Lucius tuni259 Marian tuni259 Marianus tuni259 Montanus tuni259 Quartillosia tuni259 Renus tuni259 Rusticus fran259 Saturninus fran
c260 Alexander palec260 Conon turkc260 Cyril turkc260 Cyril, bp of Gortyna greec260 Eutropius, bp of Saintes franc260 Leontius the Ascetic turcc260 Malchus palec260 Paregorius turcc260 Patroclus franc260 Piscus palec260 Pontius franc260 Privatus fran262 Marinus pale269 Valentine ital274 Mamas turk275 Magnus, bp of Fabrateria ital278 Marina turk
c280 Tarsicius ital283 Cladius, Stratelates egyp284 Alexander & Asterius turk284 Asterius turk
284 Babylas, bp egyp284 Irene turk284 Stephen, archdeacon egyp284 Thalelaeus turk
c285 Amsah of Qift egypc285 Apollo egyp285 Balana, priest egyp
c285 Banina egypc285 Crispin franc285 Crispinian fran285 Naou egyp
c286 Callinicus egypc286 Chanazhum egypc286 Dalasina egypc286 Dasyah egypc286 Epima egypc286 Helias, bp egypc286 Justus, son of Numerianus egyp286 Qndyr, queen iraq
c286 Sophronius egypc287 Aesculapius egyp287 Candidus swit
c287 Dioscorus egyp287 Exuperantius swit287 Exuperius swit287 Felix swit287 Maurice swit287 Regula swit
c287 Sarapamon of Scetis, bp egyp287 Urs swit287 Ursus of Solothurn swit287 Victor of Marseilles swit
c287 Victor of Solothurn switc288 Athom egypc288 Febronia, nun egypc288 Piroou egyp288 Sebastian of Milan ital
c289 Kau of Bismay egypc289 Wakhus egypc290 Anub egypc290 Apollonius egypc290 Ascla egypc290 Firmin, bp of Amiens fran290 Gayane, abbess arme290 Hripsime arme
c290 Panesneu, deacon egypc290 Paul of Egypt egypc290 Philemon egyp290 Salahouni, Theodore arme
c290 Salfana egypc290 Sarah & children egypc291 Abadir egypc291 Benjamin egypc291 Cyriacus egypc291 Eudoxia egypc291 Euphemia egypc291 Herai egypc291 Julitta egypc291 Til, soldier egypc292 David egypc292 Epimachus egypc292 Gordian egypc292 Phiobammon of Preht egypc294 Nikander bulg295 Anthimus, bp of Nicomedia turk
c295 Apaiule egypc295 Makrawi, bp of Nikiou egyp295 Maximilian alge
c295 Tolemaeus egypc295 Uri, priest of Shatanut egypc296 Athanasius egyp296 Menas the Miracle Maker egyp
c297 Barsanuphius (Warshanufy) egypc297 Basilidas, general egypc297 Besamon egypc297 Felician ital297 Hipparchus turk297 Philotheus of Antioch turk
c297 Primus italc298 Arsenius egyp298 Basil, bp egyp298 Cassian moro298 Marcellus the Centurion moro
c298 Patape, bp of Coptos egypc299 Chamoul egypc299 Comas egypc299 Damian egypc299 Isaac of Tiphre egypc299 Isidorus egypc299 Shenufe egypc299 Shenute egypc300 Abadion, bp of Antinoopolis egypc300 Agathon and brothers egypc300 Anatolius, general egypc300 Apoli egypc300 Bandilaus, monk egypc300 Callinicus turkc300 Castorius italc300 Claudius italc300 Cosmas & Damian turkc300 Damian turkc300 Diomed turkc300 Elmo, bp of Formiae italc300 Heraclides egypc300 Isidorus, monk egypc300 Jacob, The Soldier egyp
c300 Nabraha egypc300 Nicostratus italc300 Pelagia turkc300 Rebecca of Sunbat egypc300 Simplicius italc300 Simpronian italc300 Taragus & companions turkc301 Olympius egypc301 Paese egypc301 Tecula egypc301 Victor of Asyut egypc302 Crescentia italc302 Julius of Durostorum bulgc302 Modestus italc302 Pisura, bp of Masil egypc302 Vitus ital303 Afra germ303 Anastasia croa303 Chrysogonus ital303 Cyrus & John egyp303 Efrem, bp of Tomis roma303 Epimachus of Pelusium egyp303 Euphemia turk303 Febronia iraq303 Felix of Thibiuca tuni303 Genesius the Actor turk303 George, megalomartyr pale303 Irineu, bp of Sirmium croa303 John egyp303 Lucy ital303 Procopius pale303 Victor Maurus ital303 Zeno of Rome ital304 Adrian & Natalia turk304 Agape gree304 Andronicus ital304 Barlaam of Antioch turk304 Chione gree304 Crispina of Tagora alge304 Dativus tuni304 Donatilla tuni304 Eulalia of Merida spai304 Gereon germ304 Hermes turk304 Irene gree304 Maxima tuni
c304 Naharuh egyp304 Natalia of Nicomedia turk304 Nilus, bp leba304 Pancras ital304 Peleus, bp leba304 Phileas, bp of Thmuis egyp304 Philip bp of Heraclea turk304 Pollio hung304 Probus brit304 Secunda tuni304 Severus turk304 Silvanus syri304 Tarachus brit304 Victorinus, bp of Pettau slov304 Vincent of Saragossa spai304 Zenobius turk
c305 Aesi egyp305 Dimyanah & her 40 Virgins egyp305 Hypatius of Gangra egyp
c305 Isidore of Takinash egyp305 Januarius, bp of Benevento ital
c305 Macarius egyp305 Marcus egyp305 Menas, governor egyp
c305 Milius egyp305 Potamon of Heracla egyp
c305 Procopius, governor egypc305 Victor italc306 Porphry egypc306 Psote of Psoi egypc306 Theodorus, bp of Pentapolis egypc306 Tibarcius egypc306 Valerianus egyp307 Catherine of Alexandria egyp
c307 Elias the eunuch egyp308 Demetrius, megalomartyr gree
c308 Repsima & 78 companions armec309 Abamun of Tarnut egypc309 Abamun of Tukh egyp309 Abdon ital309 Habib the Deacon turk309 Marcellus, pope ital309 Paul of Jamnia pale309 Porphyrius pale309 Seleucus pale309 Sennen ital309 Shamona turk309 Theodulus pale
c309 Timothy of Memphis egyp309 Valens pale
c310 Arianus, governor egypc310 Mui egyp310 Pamphilus pale
c310 Tyrannio, bp of Tyre turkc310 Victor of Stratelates ital
311 Methodius, bp of Olympus turk311 Peter I Ieromartyros, patriarch egyp312 Lucian of Antioch turk313 Dorothy turk
c313 Pantaleon, physician egyp
Table 4–12. Chronological listing of 2,550 known Christian martyrs, AD 30-2000.
Continued opposite
Table 4–12 continued
315 Bacchus syri315 Gurias & companions iraq315 Phrebonia iraq315 Sergius & Bacchus syri316 Blaize, bp arme
c320 Ammonius, bp of Latopolis egyp327 Berikjesu iraq327 Jonah iraq333 Aristakes I, patriarch arme
c337 Caxo, prince iraqc337 Dado, governor iraqc337 Gobidlaha, princess iraq337 Grigoris, exarch arme337 Jacob, bp iraq337 John, bp iraq339 Pusak, prefect, & 100 clergy iraq339 Tarbo, deaconess iraq
c340 Copres egyp341 Abdechalas & Ananias iraq341 Ananias iraq341 Pusicius iraq341 Simeon Barsabae, catholicos iraq341 Usthazanes iraq342 Shahdost, catholicos iraq345 Daniel iraq345 Hanania iraq345 Pherbutha iraq345 Uarda (Rose) iraq
c345 Usaghniyus egyp346 Anna iraq346 Barbashmin, catholicos iraq346 James iraq346 Martha iraq346 Mary iraq347 Daniel, patriarch arme347 Donatus, bp of Bagai tuni347 Houssik I, patriarch arme347 Isaac tuni347 Marculus, bp of S. Numidia tuni347 Maximian tuni347 Stephen of Ulnia arme
c350 Agnes italc350 Eudoxius & companions palec350 Gordius pale351 Paul, patriarch turk
c355 Andrew, monk egypc355 Behnam egypc355 Eunapius, monk egypc355 Sarah egypc356 Mercurius egypc357 John, The Soldier egypc359 Decius egypc359 Irene egypc359 Victor egypc360 Alladyus, bp egypc360 Bibiana italc360 Dafrosa & Demetria italc360 Demetria italc360 Leontius of Tripoli syric364 Mark, bp of Arethusa italc365 Serapion, bp of Thmuis egypc370 Nicetas roma372 Sabas the Goth roma373 Nerses I, catholicos arme375 Abdas, metropolitan iraq379 Eusebius, bp of Samosata turk379 Eustace of Mtskheta geor386 Priscillian, bp spai391 Telemachus ital397 Alexander ital397 Martyrius ital397 Optatus, bp of Thamugadi alge397 Sisinnius ital407 John Chrysostom, patriarch turk408 Hormizd of Sylvanus, rabban iraq410 Abda, mar iraq410 Marcella ital411 Desiderius, bp of Langres fran413 Apringius, proconsul tuni413 Marcellinus Flavius, tribune tuni419 Eustochium pale420 Hormizdas iraq420 Peroz iraq422 Benjamin iraq422 Chouchanik iraq422 Hormisdas iraq422 James of Persia iraq422 Suenas iraq426 Patroclus of Arles, primate fran431 Palladius irel434 Auraeus, bp fran
c440 Gwinear irel448 Anahid iraq448 Dindui, metropolitan iraq448 John, bp of Karka iraq448 Pethiun, evangelist iraq448 Sirin iraq448 Tamasgerd iraq449 Flavian, patriarch turk
c450 Hamai of Kahyor egypc450 Kharitas ethi451 Atom & his legion arme451 Livarius fran451 Macari of Edko, bp egyp451 Nestorius, patriarch jord451 Suzanne arme451 Ursula & virgins germ451 Vardan Mamikonian arme454 Hovsep I, patriarch arme
455 Macarius of Tkow, bp egyp459 Proterius, patriarch egyp467 Azquir saud
c473 Shushanik, queen geor476 Volusianus, bp of Tours fran484 Babowi, catholicos iraq484 Dionysia tuni484 Majoricus tuni484 Servus tuni484 Victorian tuni
c490 Rajden geor493 Barsumas, bp iraq511 Macedonius II, patriarch turk518 Philoxenus, bp of Mabbogh iraq523 Abraham yeme523 Abu-Afr, governor yeme523 Aretas yeme523 Elesbaan yeme523 Elias yeme523 Elija yeme523 Habsa yeme523 Moses of Yemen yeme523 Sergios yeme524 Severinus Boethius, consul ital526 John I, pope ital537 Silverius, pope ital538 Ursicinus, bp of Ravenna ital
c550 Adeodatus (Astouadz-Mapod) armec550 Grigor-Rajik armec550 Nectan brit552 Aba, mar, patriarch catholicos iraq555 Helier chan
c560 Cadog fran570 Cadoc, bp ital575 Ahudemmeh, bp of Tagrit iraq576 Constantine, abbot brit577 Aldate, bp of Gloucester brit
c580 Licinianus, bp of Carthage turk585 Hermenegild of Spain spai586 Praetextatus, bp of Rouen fran607 Desiderius, bp of Vienne fran610 Anastasius, patriarch geor615 George the Monk iran617 Donnan & 52 companions brit628 Anastasius the Persian turk631 Menas egyp642 Oswald, king of Northumbria brit643 Trudpert germ
c650 David of Douine armec650 Dympna of Ireland belgc650 Martin I, pope ukrac650 Shinudah, anba egyp651 Oswin, king brit655 Foillan, abbot fran
c660 Annemond, bp of Lyons franc660 Emmeram, bp of Poitiers fran662 Maximus the Confessor, abbot geor675 Germanus, abbot fran679 Dagobert II, king fran679 Leodegar, bp of Autun fran685 Bercharius, abbot fran686 Kilian, bp, & 11 companions germ689 Vigilius, bp of Auxerre fran695 Hewald the Dark germ695 Hewald the Fair germ
c700 Indract brit705 Lambert, bp of Maastricht belg
c717 Menas of Al-Ashmunayn egypc725 Theodosia turk726 Werenfrid neth729 Germanus, ecu patriarch turk730 James, bp of Catania ital731 Hainmar, bp of Auxerre fran750 Gerulf belg
c750 Vahan of Goghtn syri754 Boniface (Winfrith), bp neth754 Eoban, bp neth760 Gangolf fran764 Stephen the Younger, abbot turk786 Abo geor794 Ethelbert, king brit799 Gerold, duke of Bavaria germ
c800 Alkelda, princess britc800 Erc, bp of Slane irelc800 Salib egypc800 Simeon egypc810 Subaljesu, monk iraq821 Kenelm, prince brit825 Adulfus & John spai825 John of Cordoba spai834 Deusdedit, abbot of M Cassino ital834 Euthymius, metrop of Sardes turk840 Alexander, bp of Fiesole ital850 Aurea spai
c850 Barsanuphius, monk egypc850 Ebba, abbess brit850 George of Cordoba spai
c850 Isaac, prince armec850 Joseph, prince arme850 Perfectus of Cordoba spai851 Flora of Cordoba spai851 Isaac, monk spai851 Mary of Cordoba spai851 Sanctius of Cordoba spai852 Aurelius spai852 Fandila of Cordoba spai852 Natalia spai853 Columba of Cordoba spai853 Haymo, bp of Halberstadt germ
853 Pomposa spai854 Indrechtach, abbot of Iona brit856 Jeron neth859 Eulogius of Cordoba spai859 Leocritia spai
c860 John VII Grammaticus, patr turk861 Meinrad of Einsiedeln, hermit swit866 Fremund brit869 Edmund the Martyr, king brit870 Hedda of Peterborough, abbot brit
c870 Ragener brit870 Tancred brit870 Torthred brit870 Tova brit875 Adrian of May, bp brit884 Bertharius, abbot ital884 Rombout of Malines belg
c900 Thomas, bp of Damascus syric904 Pandonia brit916 Ludmilla czec926 Wiborada (Guiborat), recluse swit928 John X, pope ital929 Wenceslas, prince-duke czec931 Argentea spai931 Vulfura spai959 al-Muzahim, Jirjis egyp969 Nicephorus, emperor gree979 Edward the Martyr, king brit996 Ghabrial egyp997 Adalbert, bp of Prague russ
c1000 Wigstan brit1003 Benedict of Benevento pola1004 Abbo fran1009 Bruno, bp of Querfurt lith1012 Alphege, abp of Canterbury brit1012 Coloman ausz1015 Boris & Gleb russ1015 Gleb russ1016 John Baptist Vladimir, prince alba1028 Ulfrid swed1030 Olav II Haraldsson, king norw1043 Hallvard Vebjornssen norw1046 Gerard, bp of Csanad hung1066 Gottschalk germ1066 John, bp of Mecklenburg germ1066 Kuno, bp of Trier germ1070 Godelive fran1075 Erlembald ital1079 Stanislas, bp of Cracow pola
c1080 Eskil, bp swed1080 Rudolf of Swabia ital1086 Canute IV, king denm1096 John (Said bar Sabhuni), bp turk1116 Magnus, earl of Orkney brit1120 Botvid swed1120 Merbot ausz1121 Erminold, abbot of Prufening germ1131 Canute Lavard denm1133 Peter of Bruys fran1144 William of Norwich brit1145 Bosinlother, abbot Conrad ausz1148 Ernest, abbot of Zwiefalten saud1150 Eric of Sweden swed
c1150 Goharin & companions arme1154 William, abp of York brit1155 Arnold of Brescia fran1156 Henry, bp of Uppsala swed1170 Thomas Becket, abp of Canter brit1176 Marguerite of Roeskilde denm
c1180 Michael of Damietta syri1198 Berthold, abbot esto
c1200 Uguzo (Lucio di Val Cavargna) ital1201 William of Rochester brit1208 Peter of Castelnau, legate fran1209 John of Phanidjoit egyp1217 Hroznata czec1220 Accursio moro1220 Aiuto moro1220 Berard moro1220 Otho moro1220 Peter moro1222 Adam, bp of Caithness brit1227 Agnello moro1227 Daniel of Belvedere span1227 Domno moro1227 Hugolino moro1227 Leo moro1227 Nicholas moro1227 Samuel moro1242 Stephen of Narbonne fran1242 William of Arnaud fran
c1250 Bulus al-Habis egyp1252 Peter of Verona (Peter Martyr) ital1258 Kitbuga, general syri1261 Dionysius, antipatriarch iraq1279 Bar Kaliq, bp of Tus iran1282 Aldobrand of Florence iran1282 Anthony of Armenia iran1288 Conrad of Saxony geor1288 Stephen of Hungary geor1293 Stepanos IV, patriarch arme1310 Porete, Marguerite fran1314 de Molay, J., grand master fran1314 de Rosatis, A. of Milan arme1314 Francis of Borgo San Sepolcro iran1314 Francis of Fermo arme1314 Monold of Ancona arme1315 Lull, Ramon alge1317 Gregorios, Mar, bp turk
1321 Belibasta, Guilhem fran1321 Demetrius, br indi1321 James of Padua indi1321 Peter of Siena indi1321 Thomas of Tolentino indi1323 Angelus of Spoleto ital1326 de Stapledon, Walter, bp brit1334 Stephen of Gross-Wardein roma1334 William of England iran1339 Francis of Alessandria chin1339 Gilotti, William chin1339 John of India, br chin1339 Lawrence of Alessandria chin1339 Martel, Peter chin1339 Pascal of Victoria chin1339 Richard, bp of Almalik chin1339 Ruff, Raymond chin1340 Gentle of Matelica iran1346 John the Blind luxe1347 Antoniy lith1347 Evastafiy lith1347 Ioann lith
c1350 Roch, healer fran1362 James, abp of Zaitun chin1362 William of Campania ital1365 Peter of Ruffia ital1383 Kador, John arme1383 Panacea ital1387 al-Jadid, Jirjis egyp1387 Hadid of Giza egyp1388 Bonaventure Peraga, cardinal ital1393 John of Nepomuk czec1397 de Cetina, J. spai1397 de Duenas, P. spai1400 Abu’l Farag egyp1400 Arsenius egyp1400 Ileya egyp1400 Matthew of Escandel chin1400 Mikhail Abu Mokaitef egyp1400 Moussa, monk egyp1400 Saleeb egyp1400 Sidrak, priest, & 5 monks egyp1401 Sawtrey, W. brit1405 Le Scrope, abp R. brit1410 Badby, J. brit1413 Cobham, Lord brit1415 John Hus germ1416 Jerome of Prague czec1418 Oldcastle, Sir John brit1428 White, William brit1431 Joan of Arc fran1450 Moleyns, A., bp of Chichester brit1460 Antony of Rivoli (Tunis) tuni1471 Tresham, T. brit1478 John of Sahagun spai
c1480 Isidor & followers esto1490 Rabata, A. ital1498 Savonarola, G. ital1514 George Novi of Sophia bulg1516 Botello OP, Diego trin1516 de Salcedo OP, fr F trin1524 Tauber, Casper ausz1525 Munzer, T. germ1527 Hut, H. ausz1527 Kaiser germ1527 Manz, F. neth1527 Sattler, M. germ1528 Hamilton, Patrick brit1528 Hubmaier, B. ausz1528 Winkler, pastor G. germ1529 Denck, H. neth1531 Bilney, Thomas brit1533 Frith, J. brit1534 Barton, Elizabeth brit1534 Matthys, Jan germ1534 Schiemer, L., bp germ1535 Fisher, cardinal John brit1535 Houghton, John, prior brit1535 Kenraghty, chaplain Maurice irel1535 Lawrence, Robert, prior brit1535 More, Thomas brit1535 Webster, Augustine, prior brit1536 de Almasia, J. para1536 Hutter, J. neth1536 John of Leiden germ1536 Tyndale, William belg1539 Stone, J. brit1539 Whiting, R., abbot of Glastonb brit1540 Barnes, Robert brit1540 Gerrard, Thomas brit1540 Jerome, William brit
c1540 Yoannis al-Kalioobi, monk egyp1541 Calero, br J. mexi1541 de Cuellar, fr A. mexi1541 Valverde OP, bp V. peru1542 de la Cruz, fr J. usa1542 de Padilla OFM, fr J. usa1542 de Ubeda, fr L. D. usa1544 Gardiner, J. brit1544 Ireland, J. brit1544 Larke, J. brit1546 Beaton, abp D. brit1546 Wishart, G. brit1549 Criminali SJ, fr A. indi1549 de Barbastro, fr L. C. usa1549 de Pekalosa, fr D. usa1549 Fuentes, br usa1550 Arason, bp J. & 2 sons denm1550 de Valdivieso, bp A. nica
254 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 255
Table 4–12 continued
Continued overleaf
1553 Cranmer, abp Thomas brit1553 de la Cruz, fr D. usa1553 de Mena, fr J. usa1553 Ferrer, fr J. usa1553 Hooper, bp John brit1553 Latimer, bp Hugh brit1553 Mendez, fr H. usa1553 Ridley, bp Nicholas brit1554 Yuhanna Sulaqa, catholicos turk1555 Bradford, John brit1555 Nicholas Novi of Sophia bulg1555 Philpot, J., archdeacon brit1559 Du Bourg, Anne fran1560 Brooks, J., bp of Gloucester brit1560 Juan, br mexi1560 Lorenzo, fr F. mexi1561 da Silveira SJ, fr G. zimb1564 Cossin, fr B. mexi1564 de Tapia, fr J. mexi1564 Lucas, br mexi1566 Martinez SJ, fr P. usa1567 de Acevedo, fr P. mexi1567 de Burgos, fr P. mexi1567 de Herrera, br J. mexi1567 Donzel, fr F. mexi1567 Hoorn, count neth1567 Lamoral of Egmont neth1567 Philip, metropolitan of Moscow russ1569 Jerome de la Croix thai1569 Pietersz, Pieter neth1569 Sebastian Cantu thai1570 de Azevedo SJ, fr I. spai1571 de Quiros, fr L. usa1571 de Segura, fr J. B. usa1571 de Solis, fr G. usa1571 Gomez, fr G. usa1571 Hamilton, primate J. brit1571 Linares, fr P. usa1571 Mendez, fr J. B. usa1571 Redondo, fr C. usa1571 Zeballos, fr S. usa1572 Coligny, admiral Gaspard de fran1572 Ramus, Peter fran1573 Woodhouse, fr T. brit1575 O’Donnell SJ, E. irel1576 de Azevedo OP, fr Silvestre camb1577 Mayne, C. brit1578 Miguel de Medina spai1578 Nelson, fr J. brit1578 O’Hely, P., bp irel1579 Franz, David hung1580 O’Cullenan, G., abbot irel1580 Serrato, fr J. mexi1581 Briant, fr A. brit1581 Campion, fr E. brit1581 de Santa Maria, fr J. usa1582 Cottam, fr T. brit1582 de Villalobos, fr L. mexi1582 Lopez, fr F. usa1582 Rodriguez, fr A. usa1583 Acquaviva, fr R. indi1583 Aranha, F. indi1583 Berno, P. indi1583 Francisco, fr A. indi1583 Pacheco, fr A. indi1584 Gwyn, R. brit1584 O’Hurley, D., abp irel1585 de Ayala, fr A. mexi1585 Gil, fr F. mexi1586 Clitherow, Margaret brit1586 de la Puebla, fr A. mexi1586 del Rio, fr J. mexi1588 Leigh, fr R. brit1588 Shelley, F. brit1588 Ward, Margaret brit1591 Genings, fr E. brit1592 Udall, J. brit1593 Barrow, Henry brit1593 Greenwood, John brit1593 Sales, fr J. fran1593 Saultemouche, fr W. fran1594 Cornelius, fr J. brit1595 George, fr A. ethi1595 Rawlins, A. brit1595 Southwell, fr R. brit1595 Walpole, H. brit1597 Blasquez, fr Pedro B. japa1597 Casas Martinez, Felipe japa1597 de Auñon, fr M. usa1597 de Badajoz, fr A. usa1597 de Corpa, fr P. usa1597 de Goto, fr J. S. japa1597 de Rodriguez, fr B. usa1597 Francis of Miako japa1597 Joseph, mar, metropolitan indi1597 Karasumaru, Leo japa1597 Kisai, fr J. japa1597 Miki SJ, fr Paul japa1597 Simon, mar, metropolitan indi1597 Verascola, fr F. usa1600 Bruno, br G. ital1600 Tadaoki, Gracia japa
c1600 Willems, D. neth1600 Yukinaga, general Konishi japa1601 Barkworth, fr M. brit1601 Filcock, fr. R. brit1601 Hunt, Fr T. brit1601 Marin, fr Esteban phil1601 Middleton, fr R. brit
1605 Catesby, Robert brit1606 de Altamirano, fr M. mexi1606 Hwang Ming-sha SJ, br chin1608 Garnet, fr T. brit1608 Gervase, fr. G. brit1611 Roberts, fr. J. brit1612 Bertelete, fr E. hond1612 de Aranda SJ, fr M. chil1612 de Montalban SJ, br J. chil1612 de Monteagudo, fr J. hond1612 de Vecchi SJ, fr H. chil1612 Lucas of Tokyo japa1612 O’Devany, C., bp irel1612 Scott, fr. M. brit1613 Hachikan, Joaquin japa1615 Ogilvie SJ, J. brit1616 de Santarn, fr H. mexi1616 de Tovar, fr H. mexi1616 Gutierrez, fr P. mexi1616 Lawrence japa1616 Lewis japa1616 Thomas japa1616 Tunstall, fr. T. brit1616 Vincent japa1617 Macaido, fr J. B. japa1619 Crisinus, fr M. hung1619 Grodecz SJ, fr M. hung1619 Kimura, fr L. japa1619 Oldenbarnevelt, J. van neth1619 Pongracz SJ, fr S. hung1619 Poulain, fr G. cana1619 Vanini, L. ital1620 Sarkander, Jan czec1621 de Montchretien, A. fran1622 Constanzo, fr C. japa1622 Fidelis of Sigmaringen swit1622 Fugiscima, fr D. japa1622 Kimura SJ, fr S. japa1622 Novarra, fr P. P. japa1622 Ota, fr A. japa1622 Sandaju, fr P. O. japa1622 Spinola SJ, fr C. japa1622 Zumarraga OP, fr japa1623 De Angelis, fr J. japa1623 de Baena, br J. hond1623 Kuncevicz, abp Josaphat belo1623 Lopez, fr B. hond1623 Puerta, fr C.M. hond1623 Yempo, br Simon japa1624 Carvalho, fr J. japa1624 Delgado, fr D. mexi1624 Henriquez, br J. mexi1624 Ketevan, queen iran1625 Viel, fr N. cana1626 Caun, V. japa1626 de Torres, fr B. japa1626 Pacheco, fr F. japa1626 Rinscei, P. japa1626 Sadamatzu, G. japa1626 Tozo, M. japa1626 Zola, fr J. B. japa1627 Kwon, Vincent japa1627 Perez, fr R. cost1627 Tsuji, fr T. japa1628 Alonso Rodriguez SJ para1628 Arrowsmith, fr E. brit1628 Gonzalez SJ, fr Roque para1628 Juan del Castillo SJ para1628 Nagascima SJ, br M. japa1631 de Ortega, fr P. usa1631 Fleming, fr P. czec1631 John of Prado moro1631 Miranda, fr P. usa1631 Wagner, fr Liborius germ1632 Adolphus, king Gustavus germ1632 de Arvide, fr M. usa1632 Gutierrez, fr R. B. japa1632 Ixida SJ, fr A. japa1632 Letrado, fr F. usa1633 Alonso, fr L. japa1633 Ibanez, fr D. japa1633 Kohioye, fr M. japa1633 Kurobioye, M. japa1633 Porras, fr F. usa1633 Tomonaga OP, fr J. K. G. japa1634 Ansalone, fr G. japa1634 de Andrade, fr A. chin1634 Maddalena of Nagasaki japa1634 Marina di Omura japa1634 Nishi, fr T.H.R. japa1634 Vieira, fr S. japa1635 Paes SJ, fr G. ethi1635 Theophilus of Zakynthos gree1637 Courtet OP, fr W. japa1637 de Aozaraza, fr M. japa1637 Gonzales, fr A. japa1637 Lazzaro di Kyoto japa1637 Ruiz, L. japa1637 Schiwozuka, fr V. japa1638 Berthelot, fr P. indo1638 Cassian of Nantes, fr ethi1638 Cyril I Lukaris, ecu patriarch turk1638 Cyril II Kontaris, ecu patriarch turk1638 de Almeida, bp Apollinaris ethi1638 Franceschi SJ, fr H. ethi1638 Rodrigues SJ, fr F. ethi
c1640 Agathangelo of Vendome, fr fran1640 Bruni SJ, fr B. ethi1640 Cardeira SJ, fr L. ethi
1641 Barlow, fr. A. brit1642 de San Antonio, fr J. pana1642 Goupil SJ, R. cana1642 Holland, fr T. brit1642 Roe, Alban brit1642 Rubino, fr japa1643 Hutchinson, Anne usa1644 Corby, fr Ralph brit1644 de Capillas OP, fr F. chin1644 Price, fr Robert brit1645 André, catechist viet1645 Ignace, catechist viet1645 Labado, fr F. mexi1645 Laud, William, abp of Canter brit1645 Morse, fr H. brit1645 Romero, fr P. para1645 Vincent, catechist viet1645 Zigarran, fr T. mexi1646 Jogues SJ, fr I. cana1646 Lalande SJ, fr John de cana1646 Powel, fr. P. brit1647 Montero, fr F. mexi1648 Charles I, king brit1648 Daniel SJ, A. cana1648 de Oviedo, fr A. pana1649 Chabenel, N. cana1649 de Brebeuf SJ, fr J. cana1649 Garnier, fr C. cana1649 Lalemant SJ, fr G. cana1649 Plunkett, earl C. brit1649 Trevino de Sobremonte, T. mexi1650 McMahon, bp E. irel
c1650 Romanul, Ioan Valahul roma1651 Love, pastor Christopher brit1651 O’Brien, bp T. A. irel1651 Wright, Peter brit1652 du Tremblay, fr J. L. ethi1652 George of Ghiel, fr conz1652 Heyling, Peter ethi1652 Redemptus of the Cross, br indo1653 Ahatalla, metropolitan indi1654 Leonard of Chartres, fr cana1654 Southworth, fr J. brit1657 Bobola SJ, fr Andrew belo1660 Wilson, Margaret brit1661 Campbell, A. brit1661 Cargill, D. brit1661 Guthrie, James brit1661 Menard, fr R. usa1661 Renwick, J. brit1661 Venner, Thomas brit1662 Chu Tsu-hsuan, emperor myan1662 Dyre, Mary usa1662 Hambroek, A. taiw1666 Andrade, vicar apostolic ethi1666 Schall SJ, fr A. von Bell chin1672 Avila y Ayala, fr P. usa1672 de San Vitores SJ, fr J. guam1678 Coleman, Edward brit1678 Kemble, John brit1678 Lewis, David brit1678 Lloyd, John brit1679 Evans, fr D brit1679 Fenwick, fr J. brit1679 Gavan, fr J. brit1679 Grove, J. brit1679 Harcourt, fr W. brit1679 Ireland, fr W. brit1679 Lewis, fr D brit1679 Nevill, fr F. brit1679 Pickering, T. brit1679 Turner, fr A. brit1679 Wall, fr John brit1679 Whitbread, fr T. brit1680 Bernal, fr J. usa1680 de Espeleta, fr J. usa1680 de Figuero, fr J. usa1680 de Jesus, fr J. usa1680 de la Pedroso, fr J. usa1680 de la Ribourde, fr G. usa1680 de Lorenzana, fr F. usa1680 de Mdorales, fr L. usa1680 de Montesdoca, fr J. usa1680 de Mora, fr A. usa1680 de Pro, fr A. S. usa1680 de Santa Maria, fr A. usa1680 de Talban, fr J. usa1680 de Torres, fr T. usa1680 de Trujillo, fr J. usa1680 de Velasco, fr F. usa1680 de Vera, fr D. usa1680 del Val, fr J. usa1680 Maldonado, fr L. usa1680 Naranjo, B. usa1680 Pio, fr J. B. usa1680 Rendon, fr M. usa1680 Talbot, P., abp of Dublin irel1680 Tinoco, fr M. usa1681 Plunket, primate O. brit1682 Avvakum Petrovich, archpriest russ1682 Epifanii, monk russ
c1682 Morozova, Boyarina russ1682 Pustosviat, Nikita russ1683 Le Vacher, bp J. alge1683 Ortiz de Zarate, fr P. arge1683 Salinas, fr arge1684 Beltran, fr M. mexi1684 Custodio, fr F. mexi1684 Muros, fr mexi
1685 de Marolles, Louis fran1685 Le Fevre, I. fran1686 Benitez, fr E. mexi1689 Chefdeville, fr A. usa1689 Iosif, hermit, & monks russ1689 Le Clercq, fr M. usa1689 Membre, fr Z. usa1690 Tegananokoa, S. usa1691 de Arce, Jose boli1692 Garangouas, M. usa1692 Gonannhatenha, F. usa1693 de Britto SJ, fr J. indi1693 Genoud, fr myan1693 Joret, fr myan1696 Corvera, fr F. usa1696 de Arbizu, fr J. usa1696 de Carbonel, fr A. usa1696 de Jesus Maria Casañas, fr F. usa1696 Moreno, fr A. usa1696 Sanchez, fr L. usa1697 Plunkett, fr C. usa
c1700 Markel, br russ1702 Foucault, fr N. usa1704 Alverez, fr R. mexi1704 Anixa, A. usa1704 Arraiyo, fr J. P. usa1704 Criado, fr D. usa1704 de Mendoza, fr M. usa1704 de Osorio, fr T. usa1704 de Parga, fr J. usa1704 Feliciano, A. C. usa1704 Hevia, fr D. mexi1704 Ponce de Leon, fr A. usa1706 Beatrice, Donna conz1706 de St Cosme, fr J. F. B. usa1706 Delhalle, fr C. usa1707 Gomidas, fr K. turk1708 Gravier, fr J. usa1709 de Rebullida, fr P. cost1709 de Zamora, fr J.A. cost1714 Brankoveanu, prince Constant roma1714 Ivanov, Thomas russ1714 Sidotti, abbot G. B. japa1716 Weiss, prefect L. ethi1718 de Montesdoca, br L. usa1720 Alexander the Deacon russ1724 Rale SJ, fr S. cana1726 de Oca, fr L. M. usa1729 du Poisson, fr P. usa1729 Souel, fr J. usa1730 de Labrid, bp N. vene1730 Gaston, fr usa1731 Contova SJ, fr Juan Antonio micr1731 de Saraoz, fr D. usa1734 Carranco, fr L. mexi1734 Tamaral, fr N. mexi1736 Aulneau, fr J. P. usa1736 d’Artiquette, P. usa1736 d’Esgly, F. M. usa1736 de Coulonge, L. d’A. usa1736 de St Agne, L. G. usa1736 de Tonty, P. A. usa1736 de Vincennes, F. M. B. usa1736 du Tisne, L. C. usa1736 Senat SJ, fr A. usa1740 Koman, pastor D. slov1745 Gallizia, bp myan1749 Sanz, bp P. chin1749 Silva, fr F. X. usa1752 Ganzabal, fr J. F. usa1752 Pillai, D. indi1754 Nicholas of Chios gree1756 Nerini, fr myan1757 Faulhaber, fr A. pola1758 Aberin, fr J. S. usa1758 de Terreros, fr A. G. usa1758 Santiesteban, fr J. usa1761 Malagrida, fr G. port1771 Ambrose, abp of Krutitsy russ1771 Damascenus russ1773 de Bernave, fr J.C.G. mexi1775 Ricci SJ, general L. ital1778 Guillen, fr F. mexi1779 Aitolos, K. alba
c1780 Rizk Agha, vizier egyp1781 Barreneche, fr J. A. usa1781 Diaz, fr J. M. usa1781 Garces OFM, fr F. T. usa1781 Moreno, fr J. M. usa1791 Yun, Paul souk1792 Balmain SJ, fr F. fran1792 Bonnaud SJ, fr J. J. fran1792 De Millou SJ, fr J. C. fran1792 de Vafons, count fran1792 Delfaut SJ, fr W. A. fran1792 Du Lau, abp J. M. fran1792 Lanfant, fr A. & 8 companions fran1792 Lefranc, fr F. fran1793 Louis XVI fran1794 Agricola Viala fran1794 Ambroise, fr R. fran1794 Andre, fr J. fran1794 Carnus, fr C. fran1794 Expilly, bp L. A. fran1794 Gobel, J. B. J., bp of Paris fran1794 Pinot, fr N. fran1794 Polydorus the Cypriot gree1795 Oprea, Miclaus, monk roma1795 Sarai, Visarion, monk roma
Continued opposite
Table 4–12 continued
1795 Sofronie of Cioara, monk roma1795 Wenmo, fr J. Z. souk1795 Zlata of Magden bulg1796 Juvenal, hieromonk usa1798 Dat, fr J. viet1798 Murphy, fr J. irel1798 Trieu, fr E. viet1799 Lewis, pastor T. frep1800 Prosser, Gabriel usa1801 Chu, fr James souk1801 Chung, Augustine souk1801 Hwang, S. C. souk1801 Mark the New gree1801 Muallim Malati egyp1801 Wan-Suk, Columba souk1802 Demetrios of Chios gree1802 Lazarus the Bulgar turk1802 Luke the New gree1803 Toussaint-Louverture, F.D. fran1807 George of Chios gree1811 Chao, A. chin1811 Clet, F. chin1811 Hidalgo y Costilla, fr M. mexi1811 Malati, Muallim egyp1811 Tapeng, J. C. chin1812 Quintana, fr A. usa1813 Angelis gree1814 Ignanos gree1815 Morelos y Pavon, fr J. M. mexi1816 Lantrua, fr G. chin1817 Vesey, Denmark usa
c1820 Bishay, Sidhom egyp1820 Clet, fr F. R. chin1821 Kyprianos, abp cypr1822 Gregory V, ecu patriarch turk1822 Joana Angelica, abbess braz1822 Muallim Ghali egyp1825 Pogio, fr Bartolome arge1830 Asad es Shidiak leba1830 Shidiak, Asaad leba1831 Turner, Nat usa1833 Aquino, Anastasio elsa1833 Gagelin, F.-I. viet1834 de Leon, fr A. D. usa1834 Diaz OFM, fr usa1834 Lyman, H. indo1834 Munson, Samuel indo1834 Rainitsiandavaka mada1835 Marchand, fr J. viet1837 Cornay, fr J. C. viet1837 Lovejoy, Elijah P. usa1837 Rasalama mada1838 Bovie, fr P. D. viet1838 Delgado, bp I. viet1838 Diem, V. viet1838 Georgios gree1838 Koa, P. viet1839 Chastan, fr J. H. souk1839 Imbert, bp Laurence souk1839 Kim, Agatha souk1839 Maubant, fr P. souk1839 Ri, J. souk1839 Williams, John vanu1840 de la Cruz, Apolinario phil1840 Perboyre, fr J. G. chin1840 Perboyre, fr Jean G. chin1841 Chanel, fr P. M. vanu1844 Smith, Hyrum usa1844 Smith, Joseph usa1846 Epalle SM, bp solo1846 Kim Tai Kun, fr Andrew souk1847 Lowrie, Walter M. chin1847 Marmoiton, br newc1847 Rey SJ, fr A. mexi1847 Whitman, M. & N. usa1847 Whitman, N. usa1849 Roth, pastor S. L. roma1851 Gardiner, Allen arge1852 U, fr Moses Nya myan1855 Gabra Mikael, fr ethi1855 Mazzuconi, fr G. papu1856 Strang, James J. usa1857 Sibour, abp of Paris fran1858 Braeuninger, M. usa1859 Ascanio OFM, fr N. syri1859 Brown, John usa1859 de Albera OFM, fr. N. M. syri1859 Fernandez, fr J. J. syri1859 Soler, fr P. syri1860 Billottet SJ, fr E. leba1860 Bonacina, br F. leba1860 Cyril IV, patriarch egyp1860 de Albera, fr M. M. syri1860 de Jacobis, bp Justin ethi1860 Kolland OFM, fr E. syri1860 Mabeiche, br A. H. leba1860 Maksoud, br H. leba1860 Masi, Francis syri1860 Masi, Muti syri1860 Masi, Raphael syri1860 Pinzano OFM, Francis syri1860 Ruiz OFM, fr Emmanuel syri1860 Volta OFM, fr. C. syri1860 Younes, br E. leba1861 Almato OP, fr P. viet1861 Hermosilla OP, bp H. viet1861 Holmes, J. L. chin1861 Ochoa, bp V. B. viet1861 Sokolskij, abp J. russ
1861 Venard, fr J. T. viet1862 Neel, J. P. chin1865 Volkner, Carl S. newz1866 Berneux, bp S.-F. souk1866 Cho, Peter souk1866 Daveluy, bp M. A. N. souk1866 Lee, John souk1866 Thomas, R. J. souk1866 Yu, fr P. Chong-ryul nork1868 Noi Sunya thai1869 Mirza Ibrahim iran1869 Non Chai, abbot thai1871 Allard, fr fran1871 Captier, fr E. fran1871 Caubert, fr J. fran1871 Clerc, fr A. fran1871 Darboy, G., abp of Paris fran1871 de Bengy, fr A. fran1871 Deguerry, fr fran1871 Ducoudray, fr L. fran1871 Olivaint, fr P. fran1871 Patteson, bp J. C. solo1872 Bassost, fr F. usa1872 Burgos, fr Jose phil1872 Gomez, fr Mariano phil1872 Zamora, fr Jacinto phil1878 David, fr ital1880 Westrup, J. O. mexi1881 Augier, fr buru1881 D’Hoop, fr F. buru1881 Deniaud, fr buru1883 Koi, David keny1885 Gordon, general C. G. suda1885 Hannington, bp James ugan1885 Mukasa, Joseph ugan1886 Badzekuketta, A. ugan1886 Banabakintu, Luke ugan1886 Buzabaliawo, James ugan1886 Gonza, Gonzaga ugan1886 Gyavira ugan1886 Kaggwa, Andrew ugan1886 Kalemba, Matthias ugan1886 Kibuka, Ambrose ugan1886 Kiriggwajjo, Anatole ugan1886 Kiriwawanvu, Mukasa ugan1886 Kiwanuka, Achilles ugan1886 Kizito ugan1886 Ludigo, Adolphus Mukasa ugan1886 Lwanga, Charles ugan1886 Mawaggali, Noe ugan1886 Mugagga ugan1886 Ngondwe, Pontian ugan1886 Sebuggwawo, Denis ugan1886 Seghers, abp C. J. usa1886 Serunkuma, Bruno ugan1886 Tuzinde, Mbaga ugan1887 Checa y Barba, abp J. I. ecua1887 Moran, fr J. togo1887 Muzeyi, Jean-Marie ugan1896 Berthieu SJ, fr J. mada1896 Lilli OFM, fr Salvatore turk1896 Mizeki, Bernard, catechist zimb1896 Rizal, Jose phil1897 Pilkington, G. L. ugan
c1898 Papizian, archimandrite J. turk1900 Andlauer SJ, fr M. chin1900 Blind Chang Shen chin1900 Carleson, N. chin1900 Chao Hsi Mao chin1900 Denn, fr P. chin1900 Guillon, bp L. chin1900 Isore, fr R. chin1900 King, A. chin1900 Li, fr J. chin1900 Mangin, fr L. I. chin1900 Otu, Samuel ghan1900 Pigott, J. chin1900 Pigott, T. W. & J. chin1900 Pitkin, H. T. chin1900 Price, Charles & Eva chin1900 Price, Eva chin1900 Sun Hwe Teh chin1900 Wang Ten Ren chin1901 Chalmers, pastor J. papu1901 Tomkins, pastor O. papu1902 Goretti, Maria ital1902 Kensit, John brit1903 Figueroa, Juana arge1905 An, evangelist chin1905 Chestnut, Eleanor hong1905 Kim, evangelist chin1905 Ni, evangelist chin1906 Macdonald, dr R. J. chin1908 Heinrich, fr L. usa1908 Sivila, Visitación arge1908 Sofiisky, exarch abp N. geor1910 Sidhom Bishai, deacon egyp1915 Cavell, Edith belg1915 Chilembwe, John mala1916 Bettex, Paul chin1916 de Foucauld, Charles alge1917 Benjamin Simon, catholicos iran1917 Kochurov, fr I. russ1918 Ambrose, bp of Seroapulsk russ1918 Ambrose, fr russ1918 Andronick, abp of Perm russ1918 Audo, abp iraq1918 Basil, abp of Chernigov ukra1918 Benjamin, fr russ
1918 Chernikh, S. russ1918 Dimitri, pastor russ1918 Dovganav, P. russ1918 Efrem, bp of Selenginsk russ1918 Elizabeth, grand duchess russ1918 Hermogen, abp of Tobolsk russ1918 Irinarkh, fr russ1918 Israel, monk russ1918 Issidor, bp of Mikhailov russ1918 Kirion III, catholicos-patriarch geor1918 Kuntsevich, L. russ1918 Leonty, bp of Enotaev russ1918 Longin, pastor russ1918 Makarov, M. russ1918 Miniatov, lawyer russ1918 Mitrophan, abp of Astrakhan russ1918 Modest, fr russ1918 Mokovsky, pastor G. & wife russ1918 Nizza, L. russ1918 Ornatsky, fr F. russ1918 Polotnikov, abp of Petrograd russ1918 Pospelov, abp G. russ1918 Radion, fr russ1918 Riabuhin, pastor J. russ1918 Skipetrov, fr A. russ1918 Sontag, apostolic delegate iraq1918 Stavrovsky, fr A. russ1918 Theodot russ1918 Theophan, bp of Solikamsk russ1918 Veraskin, abp A. russ1918 Vladimir, metropolitan of Kiev ukra1918 Vostorgov, fr J. russ1919 Hahn, G. H. & 32 pastors germ1919 Herman, bp of Kamychen russ1919 Joachim, abp of Nizhni-Novgo russ1919 Kulbusch, bp Platon of Revel esto1919 Lavrenty, bp of Balakhna russ1919 Makary, bp of Viazma russ1919 Nikodim, bp of Belgorod russ1919 Pimen, bp of Verny russ1919 Tikhon, abp of Voronezh russ1919 Varsonoufy, bp of Kirillov russ1920 Justin, abp of Omsk russ1920 Weinberg, Judith russ1921 Archangelsky, pastor T. russ1921 Coyle, J. E. usa1921 Frolov, pastor J. russ1921 Methody, bp of Petropavlovsk russ1921 Moslovsky, pastor J. russ1921 Nazary, metrop of Kutaisi geor1921 Sarichov, pastor S. russ1921 Simon, bp of Ufa russ1922 Benjamin, metrop of Petrograd russ1922 Dobrolubov, pastor russ1922 Friazinov, pastor russ1922 Nadezhdin, pastor russ1922 Orlov, pastor russ1922 Philaret, bp of Kostroma russ1922 Rybalkin, monk Fyodor russ1922 Shein, S. russ1922 Sokolov, pastor russ1922 Telegin, A. russ1922 Vishniakov, pastor russ1922 Zaozersky, pastor russ1923 Budkiewicz, C., vicar russ1923 Chrysostomos, met of Smyrna turk1925 Cassels, bp W. C. chin
c1925 Ierofey, bp of Veliki-Ustinsk russ1925 Tikhon, patriarch russ1926 Nyirenda, Tomo mala1927 Amfiteatrov, P. belo1927 Bretzkiy, bp N. ukra
c1927 Filaret, bp of Bobruisk byel1927 Pro Juarez, fr M. mexi1928 de la Vega, fr J. mexi1928 Martinez, br H. mexi1928 Perez, fr P. mexi1929 Coveyou, fr W. chin1929 Holbein, fr G. chin1929 Peter, abp of Voronezh russ1929 Serge, bp of Efremov russ1929 Seybold, fr C. chin1929 Sundar Singh, sadhu chin
c1930 Ioann, bp of Mozyr byelc1930 Mikhail, bp of Slutsk byelc1930 Yemelyanov, fr P. russ1932 Afanassy, bp of Stavobelsk russ1932 Agapit, abp of Ekaterinoslav ukra1932 Alexander, abp russ1932 Antony, bp of Archangel russ1932 Farabundo, Marti elsa1932 Seraphim, metro of Petrograd russ1932 Simpson, W. E. chin1933 Tourian, abp Leontius usa1934 Ambrose, bp of Podolsk russ1934 Arconada, fr J. B. spai1934 Esteban, fr T. chin1934 Liu, Y. C. chin1934 Martinez, fr E. spai1934 Moreno, Ramonita arge1934 Odongo, Alfayo keny1934 Philip, abp russ1934 Poliansky, abp Ambrose kaza1934 Pommer, John, abp of Riga latv1934 Stam, Betty chin1934 Stam, John & Betty chin1935 Arseny, abp of Serpuhov russ1935 Damaskin, bp of Gluhov ukra1935 Fedorov, exarch L. russ
c1935 von Moltke, Helmut germ1936 Abrikosov, mother C. russ1936 Arbona, fr B. spai1936 Arseny, metrop of Novgorod russ1936 Artigues, fr R. spai1936 Audi, fr F. spai1936 Bartholomew, bp russ1936 Baste, fr N. spai1936 Boguna, fr L. spai1936 Bori, fr P. spai1936 Carbonell, fr C. spai1936 Carrio, fr A. spai1936 Corral, fr O. spai1936 Cyril, metropolitan of Kazan russ1936 Darder, E. spai1936 de Velasco, fr I. spai1936 Dimitry, abp of Gdovsk russ1936 Ferreres, fr J. B. spai1936 Garcia Villada SJ, fr Z. spai1936 Gelabert, P. spai1936 Gonzalez, fr E. spai1936 Grimaltos, R. spai1936 Isla, fr L. spai1936 Jimenez Malla, Ceferino spai1936 Llatje, fr J. spai1936 Luque, fr E. spai1936 Malla, C. J. spai1936 Martinez, fr B. spai1936 Mayorga, fr M. spai1936 Pavlivsky, I., metropolitan ukra1936 Payan, fr A. spai1936 Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsy russ1936 Peypoch, fr E. spai1936 Rovira, fr J. spai1936 Sales, V. spai1936 Sanchez, fr J. spai1936 Santaella, fr M. spai1939 Schneider, pasotr germ1936 Simon, fr A. spai1936 Sitjar, fr T. spai1936 Tarrats, J. spai1936 Tena, fr R. spai1936 Valenti, fr T. spai1936 Verges, fr J. spai1937 Boretsky, M., metropolitan ukra1937 Lo Pa Hong chin1937 Mikael, bp ethi1937 Petros, bp ethi1938 Alexey, bp of Petrograd russ1938 Anatole, metrop of Odessa russ1938 Cairns, fr R. chin1938 Donovan MM, fr G. chin1938 Joseph, metro of Petrograd russ1938 Juvenal, abp of Riazan russ1938 Khoren I, catholicos arme1938 Liu, H. chin1938 Lypkivsky, V., metropolitan ukra
c1938 Nikandr, metrop of Odessa russ1938 Nikon (Lebedev), bp russ1938 Nikon, bp of Belgorod russ1938 Pitirim, abp russ1938 Seraphim, bp russ1940 Jackson, F. C. indo1940 Lebbe, fr F. V. chin
c1940 Leisner, fr K. germ1940 Mazeika, L. lith1940 Skobtsova, mother M. pola1940 Urban SJ, fr J. pola1941 Cairns, fr R. J. chin1941 Kolbe OFM, fr Maximilian pola1941 Lichtenberg, fr B. germ1941 Litaunieks, fr V. lith1941 Sri-Phong, catechist P. thai1942 Brandsma, fr Tiko germ1942 Bushiri, Mulumozi conz1942 Duhamel, fr A. C. solo1942 Gorazd, bp Pavlik czec1942 Gray, R. F. phil1942 Hennessey, J. G. solo1942 Hoeben, H. neth
c1942 Kowalski, J., primate pola1942 Lee, pastor Kipoong souk1942 Redlich, V. papu1942 Sadd, A. kiri1942 Stein, Edith pola1942 Stein, Rosa pola1942 Tapiedi, Lucian papu1943 Bacon, D. boli1943 Dye, B. boli1943 Dye, C. boli1943 Hosback, G. boli1943 Hunter, E. boli1943 Jaegerstaetter, F. germ1943 Kim, evangelist chin1943 Meyer, F. & 11 missionaries phil1943 Nemantsevich, exarch A. byel1943 Voronaev, I. E. russ1944 Choo Kee Chul, pastor nork1944 Coy, Juan colo1944 Duenas, fr Jesus guam1944 Gross, N. germ1944 Jacob, Max fran1944 Kocylowskyj, bp ukra1944 Koenzgen, G. germ1944 Lagerstadr, Farnz germ1944 Letterhaus, B. germ1944 Makary, abp russ1944 Metzger, fr M. J. germ1944 Munk, pastor Kaj denm
256 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 257
Table 4–12 continued
Continued overleaf
1944 Schmidlin, professor J. germ1945 Akya Nai, pastor myan1945 Apor, bp Vilmos hung1945 Birch, J. chin1945 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich germ1945 Delp, fr A. germ1945 Devine, H. myan1945 Jaffray, R. A. indo1945 Liddell, Eric chin1945 Rauschenbach MM, fr O. A. chin1945 Simrak, bp J. croa1946 Borisevicius, V., bp of Telsiai lith1947 Jensen, fr B. chin1947 Romza, bp T. ukra1948 Aftemie, bp roma1948 Fowler, E. colo1948 Frentiu, bp roma1948 Gigni, bp alba1948 Gijni, bp alba1948 Halan, Y. ukra1948 Kostelnyk, fr H. ukra1948 Ordacz, bp L. hung1948 Suciu, bp roma1948 Volai, bp alba1949 Kisi, abp K. alba1949 Tornay, fr M. chin1950 Beda SJ, fr Tsiang chin1950 Brennan, bp P. T. nork1950 Byrne, bp P. J. nork1950 Carlo, bp A. chin1950 Chang MM, sr Agneta nork1950 de Smedt, bp L. J. chin1950 Maxville, Selma M. myan1950 Nguyen, pastor viet1950 Phan Long, pastor viet1950 Son Yang Won, pastor nork1950 Sung Du, fr nork1950 Thien Thi, pastor viet1950 Tong-Sin, fr nork1950 Vasquez, Carmen arge1950 Wang Ling-Tso, fr chin1951 Kimbangu, prophet Simon conz1951 Wallace, W.L. chin1952 Bossilkoff CP, bp E. bulg1952 Ford, bp F.X. chin1952 Gacigi, G. keny1952 Gacigi, R. keny1952 Gnidovec, dean serb1952 Kirtoff, apostolic exarch bulg1952 Mungai, J. keny1952 Muriuki, W. keny1952 Prennushi, abp N. alba1952 Selanuok papu1952 Wancegi, Mary keny1953 Gikonyo, E. keny1953 Kaguru, A. keny1953 Maina, E. keny1953 Reinys, M., abp of Vilnius lith1953 Seng, Joseph chin1954 Durkovici, bp A. roma1954 Eunak, K. souk1954 Ghika, fr V. roma1954 Indus, Artur russ1954 Pacha, bp roma1954 Scheffler, bp roma1956 Boris, metrop of Nevrokop bulg1956 Elliot, J. ecua1956 Fleming, P. ecua
c1956 Martinuzzi, abp of Estergom hung1956 McCully, E. ecua1956 Saint, Nate ecua1956 Youdarian, R. ecua1958 Dapcha, Lama David nepa1959 Balint, S. hung1959 Kherie, bp A. ukra1959 Ramanauskas, P., bp of Telsiai lith1959 Turcsanyi, msgr E. hung1960 Gojdic, bp Pavol slok1960 Hodgson, E. conz1960 John, evangelist Esther paki1960 Knauf, E. conz1960 Lin, H.H. chin1961 de Vos, pastor R. cong1961 Mendez, Juana F. arge1961 Moreau, fr Yvon Emmanuel hait1961 Nikolai, metrop of Krutitsy russ1961 Rodrigues, deacon Pedro ango1961 Stepinac, cardinal abp A. croa1962 Gerber, D. viet1962 Grove, M. soma1962 Kanamuzeyi, pastor Yona rwan1962 Kruegler MM, fr W.C. boli1962 Matulionis, bp of Kaisiadorys lith1962 Mendes, evangelist Formoso gunb1962 Mitchell, A. viet1962 Vitti, A. viet1963 Adwok, pastor G. suda1963 Barbosa, evangelist Dinis gunb1963 Collins, Addie Mae usa1963 da Costa, Joaquin gunb1963 da Silva, pastor Pedro gunb1963 Debior, P. suda1963 Landim gunb1963 McNair, Denise usa1963 Robertson, Carole usa1963 Sangueso, P. P. arge1963 Vaz Martins, evangelist Victor gunb1963 Wesley, Cynthia usa1964 Anuarite, sr M.C. conz
1964 Carlson, P. conz1964 Cheney, J. usa1964 Dwatuka, fr B. suda1964 Goodman usa1964 Khmara, N. russ1964 Kucherenko russ1964 Lifenya, director Pierre conz1964 McMillan, H. conz1964 Rhine, Phyllis conz1964 Scholten, W.H. conz1964 Tucker, J. conz1965 Daniels, J. usa1965 Goehring, H. bang
c1965 McBeth, fr bang1966 Bamba, Emmanuel conz1966 Torres, fr Camilo colo1967 Saturnino, fr suda1968 Blood, H. viet1968 Dale, pastor Stan indo1968 King, Jr, pastor Martin Luther usa1968 Liuzzo, Viola usa1968 Masters, P. indo1968 Olsen, Betty viet
c1968 Sheikow, Musa somac1968 Vasilyevna, M. russ1968 Wilting, Ruth viet1970 Afonin, I.A. russ1970 Bergemann, F. russ
c1970 Brown, bp D. libe1970 Druck, V. russ1970 Golev, S.T. russ
c1970 Heywood, J. vietc1970 Hmara of Kulunda ukra1970 Hossu, bp J. roma1970 Lamichami, Krishna nepa1970 Nyabadza, fr B. zimb1970 Rodriguez, fr Nicolas elsa1971 Biswas, U. bang1971 Le Febre, M. boli1971 Potter, Nancy domr1971 Potter, Paul E. & Nancy domr1971 Tejerina, Silvita A. arge1971 Zakharov russ1972 Binyoni, Abel buru1972 Brown, pastor bang1972 de Freitas, pastor F. ango1972 George, Margaret iraq1972 Kiwanuka, justice Benedicto ugan1972 Kurti, fr Shtjefen alba1972 Manganhela, Z. moza1972 Melnikov russ1972 Nee, Watchman chin1972 Pate, Mavis pale1972 Sidumo, J. moza1972 Williams, N. phil1972 Yagozinsky, S. russ1972 Zhiming, pastor Wang chin1973 Alsina, fr J. chil1973 Damian, abp of Tirane alba1973 Hopewell, Gladys taiw1973 Isa, Peter ethi1973 Kagwa, M. ugan1973 Kiggundu, fr C. ugan1973 Mukhana, J. ugan1973 Serwanika, J. ugan1974 Cabo, fr M. usa1974 Charlier, fr E. conz1974 de Alencar, F.T. peru1974 Hernandez, M. Gomez mexi1974 Hernandez, pastor nica1974 Lain, fr Domingo colo1974 Moiseyevich, pastor I. russ1974 Ostapenko, pastor I.M. russ1974 Reimer, G. pana1974 Rozanov, N. russ1974 Trochta, cardinal S. czec1974 Viaene, fr L. conz1975 Badre OSB, prior J. camb1975 Betancur, fr I. hond1975 Biblenko, I.V. russ1975 Constable, pastor Eric indo1975 Cypher OFM, fr M.C. hond1975 Hoang, pastor Van Dat viet1975 Lutsky, fr M. ukra1975 Nguyen, Huy Mai viet1975 Nguyen, Van Hoa viet1975 Nze, bp Abuy Raphael equa1976 Salas, bp J. C. camb1975 Shimun, catholicos-patriarch iraq1975 Simescu, br roma1975 Tamonis, M. lith1975 Tep Im, bp Paolo camb
c1975 Wallenburg, Raoul pola1975 Zecianu, br roma1976 Angelelli, bp Enrique arge1976 Calvan, pastor R. phil1976 Chunsar OSB, fr B. C. camb
c1976 de la Cruz, fr C. guat1976 Deinega, N.Y. russ1976 Dios Murias, fr C. arge
c1976 Gran, fr J.M. guat1976 Longueville, fr G. arge1976 Lopez, fr H. guat1976 Lunkenbein, fr R. braz1976 Musaka, fr ugan1976 Schmitt, bp A. zimb
c1976 Voordeckers, fr W. guat1976 Woods MM, fr W. guat1977 Argew, T. ethi
1977 Arreola, sr Silvia Maribel elsa1977 Avdeyev, M.V. russ1977 Biayenda, cardinal abp E. cong1977 Biko, Steve soua1977 Eschtruth, G.J.R. conz1977 Grande, fr R. elsa1977 Ivanova, R. russ1977 Luwum, abp Janani ugan1977 Navarro, fr A. elsa1977 Selassie, emperor Haile ethi1977 Torres, L.A. elsa1978 Bassera, fr Ernesto elsa1978 Dunaway, Jr., A.G. zimb1978 Evans, P. & S. zimb1978 Evans, S. zimb1978 Fisher, M. zimb1978 Lunkebein, fr R. braz1978 Lynn, R. & J. & Pamela zimb1978 Lynn, J. zimb1978 Lynn, Pamela zimb1978 McCann, P. & S. & Joy zimb1978 McCann, Joy zimb1978 McCann, S. zimb1978 Picken, C. zimb1978 Sedletsky, V. russ1979 Annanias, fr O. ugan1979 Coba, bp E. alba1979 Dalmajo, fr S. ugan1979 Fiorantie, fr A. ugan1979 Gono, fr M. czec1979 Goodman, Dave turk1979 Kalienuk, fr Z.A. ukra1979 Krasnova, T.K. russ1979 Ortiz, fr Octavia elsa1979 Palacios, fr Rafael elsa1979 Sangaya, J. mala1979 Santi, fr G. ugan1979 Sayyad, fr iran1979 Shorrosh, A. pale1979 Siyah, pastor Aristou iran1979 Tumsa, Gudinsa ethi1979 Wasikye, John, bp of Mbale ugan1980 Bakholdin, S. russ1980 Chacon, Juan elsa1980 Clarke, sr M. elsa1980 Donovan, sr J. elsa1980 Espinal SJ, fr L. boli1980 Ford, sr I. elsa1980 Gurgula, fr A. ukra1980 Jaugelis, fr V. lith1980 Kazel, sr D. elsa1980 Kotyk, fr Y. ukra1980 Romero, abp Oscar elsa1980 Samwel, abp ethi1980 Sapoka, fr L. lith1980 Shelkov, V. A. russ1980 Theofilas, patriarch ethi1981 Barendsen, Eeva afgh1981 Barendsen, Erik afgh1981 Bitterman III, C.A. colo1981 Clipa, I. roma1981 Coufal, fr P. czec1981 Fietje, K. thai1981 Ghabrail, fr Abd Mutagalli egyp1981 Kernweisz, bp K. roma1981 Laurinavicius, fr B. lith1981 Mazeika, fr L. lith1981 Miller, fr J. guat1981 Quilini, H. N. egyp1981 Raflan, B. egyp1981 Rother, fr S. guat1981 Samuel, bp Makary El-Souria egyp1981 Svanda, fr P. czec1981 Teodosiu, S. roma1981 Troyer, J.D. guat1981 Tsachev, N.V. bulg
c1982 Athers, Lester nica1982 Barta, fr J. czec1982 Garcia, Anastasio guat1982 Khrapov, N.P. russ1982 Manzinger, fr belo1982 Smith, E. nica1982 Terelya, B.M. ukra1982 Toj, Juan Garcia guat1983 Carney SJ, fr J.G. hond1983 Chiwanga mala1983 Gadama mala1983 Gideon, dr myan1983 Holdenried, F.X. guat1983 Jarlan, A. chil1983 Ki-Yoon, pastor I. souk1983 Matenje mala1983 Muothe, I.T. soua1983 Sawyer, sr Joan peru1983 Toma, pastor Nicolas guat1983 Vargas, pastor N. nica1984 Bazira, pastor G. ugan1984 Popieluszko, fr J. pola1984 Potochnyak, fr A. ukra1984 Roxas, S. phil1984 Roy, fr mada1984 Shude SJ, fr F.Z. chin1984 Torboli, fr S. moza1984 Ulcue Chocue, fr A. colo1985 Aleku, B. ethi1985 Allende, S. N. chil1985 Arensen, J. suda1985 Beling, fr M. phil1985 Cabrera Rivera, prof C.H. guat
1985 Calderon, Z.S. peru1985 Ceballos, M. G. chil1985 Chappell, R. papu1985 Cuthbert, R. W. M. jama1985 Dalle Pezze, sr T.P. moza1985 Durksen, Y. russ1985 Espino, pastor E. F. elsa1985 Favali, fr T. phil1985 Goncalves Kamtedza SJ, fr J. moza1985 Hammes, W. usa1985 Jeyarajasingham, pastor G. sril1985 Kautudja, sr L. ango1985 Kluiters, fr N. leba
c1985 Lavina, J. philc1985 Ludena, T. peru1985 Maluendo, J. M. P. chil1985 Manielpillai, fr M.B. sril1985 Moreira SJ, fr S. moza1985 Moretto, fr J. ango1985 Paredes, A.A. ango1985 Philpot, J. mexi1985 Poplawski, fr P. pola1985 Rojas, C.M. peru1985 Romano, fr R. phil1985 Romero, fr A. phil1985 Rossiter, fr J. usa1985 Roth, F. usa1985 Sikufinde, fr L. ango1985 Sorgon OCD, fr S. mada1985 Tzalam Coj, Manuel de Jesus guat1985 Valerio, fr N. phil1985 Wasnak, fr J.E. ango1986 Brennes, J. mexi1986 Castilblanco, N.A. nica1986 Figaroa, N.M. mexi1986 Flores, Ernesto mexi1986 Moreno, Norma mexi1986 Senter, L. & R. libe1986 Senter, R. libe1986 Wilson, evangelist John E.H. ugan1987 Arango, sr Ines ecua1987 Bangirimana, Ernest buru1987 Labaca Ugarte OFMCap, bp A. ecua1987 Massé SJ, fr André leba1987 Park, Jong Ch’ol souk1987 Rodrigo OMI, fr Miguel sril1987 Wahid paki1987 Zuma, pastor Antonio ecua1988 Augusto, fr Giraldo Cesar colo1988 Beebwa, sr M.T. ugan1988 Chandra, fr F. sril1988 de Boisseson, fr J. mada1988 Dias OFM, fr C. paki1988 Estorba, fr M. phil1988 Giraldo, fr C. Augusto colo1988 Hairapetian, V. azer1988 Knoerl, br K. zimb1988 Oido, fr C.O. ugan1988 Okagric, br A. ugan1988 Paisai, G. nepa1988 Ramaralahy, br I. mada1988 Schmitz, CP, fr Carl phil1988 Spil MHM, fr C. ugan1988 Stockton, Ann phil1988 Tarzwell, John paki1988 Wojcickowski, sr S. paki1989 Ayap, pastor A. phil1989 Benitez, fr M.A. colo1989 Boisvert, fr A. japa1989 Bortolotti, fr F. moza1989 Campanella, fr C. moza1989 Colombo OFM, bp P.S. soma1989 Corniall, sr Maurice nica1989 de Rocha, fr A. moza1989 Ejeru, pastor Joseph ugan1989 Elba Ramos, Celina elsa1989 Elba Ramos, Julia & Celina elsa1989 Ellacuria SJ, fr I. elsa1989 Giuliatti OFMCap, fr A. ango1989 Gomez, Maria Cristina elsa1989 Gran, Lovello phil1989 Gran, pastor Vizminda phil1989 Jaramillo, bp Jesus E. colo1989 Lopez Lopez SJ, fr J. elsa1989 Lopez SJ, fr A. elsa1989 Maire, fr G.F. braz1989 Malalay, fr D. phil1989 Mansalve, bp Jesus E.J. colo1989 Martin-Baro SJ, fr I. elsa1989 Mien, fr Alexander russ1989 Monsalve, bp Jesus E. J. colo1989 Montes SJ, fr S. elsa1989 Nodrat, Zia Mohammed afgh1989 Ramon Moreno SJ, fr J. elsa1989 Reinkemeyer, sr A. keny1989 Restrepo, fr S. colo1989 Rivera, Rufino phil1989 Rosales, sr Teresa nica1989 Ruelo, pastor Z. phil1989 Saltori, fr O. moza1989 Tjibaou, Jean-Marie newc1989 Van Kleef CM, fr N. pana1989 Vassallo, sr Emanuela liby1989 Webster, David soua1989 Xinsheng, bp Li chin1989 Yeiwene Yeiwene newc1990 Biscaro, fr Egidio ugan1990 Courtney, sr M. nica1990 Fernandez, fr T. colo
1990 Gagnaux, dr R. mozac1990 Kim, pastor nork1990 Klein, Valve esto1990 Lasar, fr Hegumen russ1990 Lewis, pastor N. usa1990 Mack, Myrna guat1990 Magorrian, H.L. soua1990 Mamma, pr suda1990 Menn, fr Alexander russ1990 Meri, dean Harald esto1990 Nicholson, sr A.C. ango1990 Priya SMA, sr indi1990 Soodmand, pastor H. iran1990 Stanton, fr N. soua1990 Stumpf, H. keny1990 Sylvia SMA, sr indi1990 Tete, president Martin indi
c1990 Wi-Foo myanc1990 Xueyan, bp Fan chin1991 Aziza, Adel egyp1991 Bagaric, fr N. bosn1991 Bethea, Lynda keny1991 Capasilan, A. phil1991 Casaverde, C. peru1991 Chuquin, J. peru1991 Cisneros, fr Moises guat1991 Claude, pastor Sylvio hait1991 Cristovao, fr M.J. moza1991 Goldsworthy, K. phil1991 Gutierrez, L. peru1991 Hass, sr Claire baha1991 Lawi, Ezra suda1991 McCormack, sr Irene peru1991 Mohammed, br nige1991 Plumey OMI, abp I. came1991 Prada Pires, fr J.M. braz1991 Sarmiento, M. peru1991 Shaga, Nana ethi1991 Sigridsson, S. phil1991 Speers, J. phil1991 Strzalkowski, fr Z. peru1991 Tattersall, N. peru1991 Tomaszek OFM, fr M. peru1991 Turati OFM, fr P. soma1991 Vargas, C. peru1991 You WF, fr Alexander ugan1992 Aguiar, sr L. ango1992 Al-Hari, A. phil1992 Amlak, fr A. ethi1992 Bacabis, G. phil1992 Bakheit, dr S. egyp1992 Carzedda, fr S. phil1992 Celiz, Romeo phil1992 Culembee Munto, sr M. ango1992 de Dios, Manuel usa1992 de Fonseca Guerra, fr A. ango1992 Fallah, pastor J. libe1992 Fiorini, fr Alfredo moza1992 Goncalves, sr M.L. Granado moza1992 Guirguis, A.S. egyp1992 Guirguis, M.Q. egyp1992 Hamill, J. phil1992 Hapalla, pastor Gregorio phil1992 Husband, sr G. came1992 Iqbal, Tahir paki1992 Jackson, J. libe1992 Jackson, T. & J. libe1992 Juliet phil1992 Kariuki, pastor H. keny1992 Khalil, H.F. egyp1992 Kolmer, sr J. libe1992 Kolmer, sr S. libe1992 Kon, Paul suda1992 Leal, sr Torres N. colo1992 Leone, sr M. came1992 Locatelli, A. rwan1992 Lukkappa, sadhu indi1992 Mal-Allah, S.A.K. saud1992 Maniafo, S.J. keny1992 Mbatha, S’Khumbuzo soua1992 McGuire, sr K. libe1992 Mueller, sr S. libe1992 Muttra, sr B.A. libe1992 Pfister, J. ivor1992 Pimentel, sr M. ango1992 Poppa, sr R. rwan1992 Ricci, fr F. ethi1992 Robinson, W. leba1992 Saah, pastor D. libe1992 Sahihembo, Alfredo ango1992 Saune, R. peru1992 Tsotetsi, Saul soua1993 Alzokim, N.F. egyp1993 Bassiliouss, P. egyp1993 Bimazubute, G. buru1993 Chunjee, bp P.S. chin
c1993 Difen, bp Liu chin1993 Iskandar, E.N. egyp1993 Izmery, A. hait1991 Jeanne SAM, fr A. ivor1993 Korfeh, pastor T. libe1993 Manping, Lai chin1993 Marsouk, H. egyp1993 Mikic OFM, fr L. bosn1993 Milicevic OFM, fr N. bosn
1993 Ocampo, cardinal Juan J.J.P. mexi1993 Packianathan, fr V.S. indi1993 Posadas, cardinal J.J. mexi1993 Puglisi, pastor G. ital1993 Ramos, bp Robert J. elsa1993 Shafiq, S. egyp1993 Theophiles, K.Y. egyp1993 Zuma, Isaac soua1993 Zuma, Thandi soua1994 Diaz, Veronica J. mexi1994 Dibaj, pastor Mehdi iran1994 Gatwa, T. rwan1994 Havugimana, evangelist I rwan1994 Heyns, moderator Johan soua1994 Hovsepian-Mehr, bp H. iran1994 Karuhije, dean A. rwan1994 Liibaan, Ibrahim soma1994 Limar, br taji1994 Masih, Manzoor paki1994 Michaelian, pastor Tateos iran1994 Musheng, Zheng chin1994 Nieto, F. A. E. peru1994 Nsengiyumva, abp V. rwan1994 Nsengiyumva, bp T. rwan1994 Nur al-Qums Binyamin egyp1994 Rutumbu, fr J. rwan1994 Ruzindana, bp J. rwan1994 Serech, P. guat1995 Van Dyke, T. colo1994 Vincent, pastor Jean-Marie hait1995 Welsh, S. colo1995 Alean, pastor M. colo1995 Argelio, pastor J. colo
c1995 Finnemann, bp W. phil1995 Fumagalli, Graziella soma1995 Gomez Ramos, pastor A. mexi1995 Goobe, A. soma1995 Grassi, br B. pale1995 Hernandez Perez, pastor G. mexi1995 Iloputaife, bp H. A. nige1995 Isho, E.K. iraq
c1995 Katoolig, C. soma1995 Kerkatta, John indi1995 Leclerc, sr D. alge1995 Littlejohn, sr J. alge1995 Maclese, sr P. ghan
c1995 Mahamed, S. soma1995 Maria, sr Rani indi1995 Masih, Iqbal paki1995 Masih, Javed paki1996 Murphy, sr C. ghan1995 O’Neill, fr E. soua1995 Petcu, A. mold1995 Prevost, sr O. alge1995 Rangell, Hugo colo1995 Ruibal, pastor Julio C. colo1995 Saquic Vasquez, pastor M. guat1995 Saro-Wiwa, K. nige1995 Sellekaerts IHM, sr C. conz
c1995 Sheekhdoon, M. soma1995 Sinankwa, fr M. buru1995 Solan, Joel phil1995 Vasquez, pastor M.S. guat1995 Yi, C.H. russ1995 Yi, K. W. russ1996 Abdel-Sayeda, H. L. egyp1996 Alzate Varela, pastor P. colo1995 Amador, pastor Manuel colo1996 Bagtasos III, pastor S. phil1996 Bumendwa, fr J. C. conz1996 Bwambale, pastor P. conz1996 Camacho, H. phil1996 Carro, C. Quiroz colo1996 Chanthom, Toun camb1996 Cherukarokunnel, L. J. indi1996 Christian, pastor Ishak indo1996 Claverie P., bp of Oran alge1996 Concesse, Sr buru1996 Coronel, J. D. colo1996 de Chergé OCSO, dom C. alge1996 de la Fuente, br F. conz1996 Dochier OCSO, br L. alge1996 Farris, Dr. Ron como1996 Favre-Miville OCOS, br P. alge1996 Fernando, SJ, R. M. camb1996 Fleury OCSO, br M. alge1996 Gabriel, I. A. egyp1996 Gakobwa, Sr I. buru1996 Gakondo, sr J. A. conz1996 Garcia, br S. M. conz1996 Gatuku, fr C. conz1996 Gatunga, sr J. conz1996 Girgis, M. B. egyp1996 Gonzales, J. L. colo1996 Haaji, professor soma1996 Hakizimana, fr S. buru1996 Hanas, dr Michel Ayad egyp1996 Hansda, S. indi1996 Hapalla, J. phil1996 Her, Ah laos1996 Huseen, professor H. M. soma1996 Irenee, sr buru1996 Ishak Christian, pastor indo1996 Jorge, br J. R. conz1996 Jurcevic, sr D bosn
1996 Kahegezo, fr B. K. conz1996 Kajibwami, br F. conz1996 Kanyamanza, fr P. conz1996 Kasati, fr J. conz1996 Lasker, evangelist Hussain indi1996 Lebreton, OCSO, fr C. alge1996 Lemarchand OCSO, fr Bruno alge1996 Loperena Soto OP, fr W. puer1996 Luc, Father alge1996 Lucio, br M. A. I. conz1996 Lucio, sr M. A. I. conz1996 Makaboge, moderator E. soua1996 Mataboge, rev E. soua1996 Mathias, mrs. C. usa1996 Mathias, pastor C. & wife usa1996 McAleese, sr P. ghan1996 Miville OCSO, br P. F. alge1996 Mounabandi, sr C conz1996 Mpengekeze, fr Y. buru1996 Mukeshimana, sr A. rwan1996 Munyankuyu, fr A. conz1996 Munzihirwa, abp C. conz1996 Munzombo, pasotr D. conz1996 Ndacikiriwe, sr C. buru1996 Ndihokubwayo, sr L. buru1996 Ngabo SJ, abp C. M. M. conz1996 Ngwije, fr A. K. rwan1996 Nikwigize, bp P. rwan1996 Nirere, fr B. conz1996 Nsengiyunva, fr E. conz1996 Ramanauskas, fr V. lith1996 Ringeard OCSO, fr C. alge1996 Ruhuna, J., abp of Gitega buru1996 Sabuni, pastor M. conz1996 Schiavo, fr G. tanz1996 Sebalija, sr L. conz1996 Semutwe, sr M. A. conz1996 Sokan, Khoun camb1996 Soto OP, fr W. L. puer1996 Xiuju, Zhang chin1996 Yusefi, pastor Mohammad B. iran1996 Zubiri, sr Carmen rwan1997 Alege, prof A. conz1997 Anchanickal SJ, fr T. indi1997 Badiali, rev D. peru1997 Batista, sr T. braz1997 Bedoya, fr A. colo1997 Beltran, A. saud1997 Bosmans, Sr M. rwan1997 Buchwolder, sr C. buru1997 Collazo, S. mexi1997 d’Herouville, Sr C. chad1997 da Silva, rev J. J. C. braz1997 de Jesus, bp B. phil1997 Donado, elder W. colo1997 Estafanos, K. egyp1997 Gadzhiyev, G. russ1997 Gadzhiyev, Tatiana russ1997 Gafney SJ, fr T. nepa1997 Geyer-Iwand, V. germ1997 Habakurama, rev I. rwan1997 Hatagekimang, rev A. conz1997 Hernandez, M. mexi1997 Isidi, rev N. nige1997 James, Jessica usa1997 Janda, R. saud1997 Kabera, rev E. conz1997 Kiyumukiza, rev A. N. conz1997 Magomedov, H & T. russ1997 Marcellina, sr A. T. S. paki1997 Matti, Haval iraq1991 Matti, Lazar iraq1997 Mihingo, rev N. conz1997 Mukamihogo, sr F. conz1997 Munyakazy, rev E. conz1997 Muyoboke, rev F. conz1997 Nedumattahil, fr J. indi1997 Nyirabakungu, sr C. conz1997 Nyirarukundu, sr M. conz1997 Ozdemir, Ali turk1997 Pande, evangelist M. indi1997 Pena, fr S. C. colo1997 Perez, M. mexi1997 Pinard WF, fr Guy rwan1997 Ramos SJ, fr W. G. mexi1997 Rio, pastor W. phil1997 Ruiz, pastor N. H. mexi1997 Ruterahagusha, pastor T. rwan1997 Ruterahagusha, T. rwan1997 Selorio, pastor E. phil1997 Sifer, M. H. iraq1997 Stegar, Kayce usa1997 Thomas SJ, fr A. T. indi1997 Timmons, br L. keny1997 Tshisambu, fr F. conz1997 Twagirayezu, rev U. conz1997 Uwizeyimana, rev J. conz1997 Yirirwahandi, rev P. rwan1998 Abrao ango1998 Adrienne, sr conz1998 Alam, pastor Noor paki1998 Andeni, fr L. keny1998 Anetta, sr yeme1998 Beheydt, pastor G. S. ital1998 Benimana, sr F. rwan
1998 Boumans SVD, fr G. para1998 Bwabulakombe, sr S. conz1998 Carreno, fr M. O. mexi1998 Chicangana, fr A. J. colo1998 Chocho, Alber pana1998 Colorado, Adan colo1998 Commissari, fr L. braz1998 Conedera, bp J. G. guat1998 Curic, fr V. rwan1998 Czuba, fr J. cong1998 de Rojas, M. R. colo1998 Deng, A. Y. suda1998 Desrumeaux, sr A. conz1998 Gaona, br M. A. Q. colo1998 Gasigwa, sr E. rwan1998 Germaine, sr conz1998 Haviaropoulos, V. turk1998 Hood, Carl colo1998 Hoyo, br J. indi1998 Hubscher, fr M. mada1998 Hudon, fr B. hait1998 Hughes, B. brit1998 Kagabo, fr B. rwan1998 Kathihe, sr L. ango1998 Lilia, sr yeme1998 Loften, pastor A. usa1998 Louis, fr J-P. hait1998 Malenga, E. conz1998 Malesh, pastor J. suda1998 Mandro, J-F. K. conz1998 Marrero, mgr A. G. vene1998 Michaela, sr yeme1998 Mukagakwaya, sr X. rwan1998 Mukamuhire, sr B. rwan1998 Mukanoheli, sr V. rwan1998 Muntoni, fr G. ital1998 Nakavoua, G. A. cong1998 Nielsen, B. M. buru1998 Puttaniyil, br L. indi1998 Quinn, Jason brit1998 Quinn, Mark brit1998 Quinn, Richard brit1998 Rajiv, John indi1998 Rwangeyo, sr D. rwan1998 Saenz, J. D. colo1998 Satchilombo, Francisco ango1998 Schreck, sr M. soua1998 Siahae, J. indo1998 Simatupang, T. M. indo1998 Sritharan, pastor Vasu sril1998 Wimana, sr C. rwan1999 Abadiano, Ted phil1999 Aloysius, sr M. sier1999 Bernall, Cassie usa1999 Bhatti, Sabir John paki1999 Carmeline, sr sier1999 Hindu, sr sier1999 Kulakov, pastor A. russ1999 Massoud, Magdi F. egyp1999 Miller, Carla usa1999 Miller, Jr., Shon usa1999 Peleman, fr A. soua1999 Rojas, fr H. F. colo1999 Saluhaku, fr A. ango1999 Scott, Rachel usa1999 Staines, Graham indi1999 Staines, Philip indi1999 Staines, Timothy indi1999 Sweva, sr sier1999 Tomlin, John usa1999 Umbarger, Deena M. soma2000 Abakumate, sr M cent2000 Akullu, G. ugan2000 Akweyo, sr D. ugan2000 Amzati, C.G. conz2000 Asienzo, sr P. ugan2000 Bargiggia, fr A. buru2000 Bello, fr C.O. nige2000 Bernardo, fr J. alba2000 Chittinapilly, fr S.J. indi2000 Crasta, fr V. indi2000 di Bari, fr R. ugan2000 Dias, J. da Rocha ango2000 Duque, fr H. colo2000 Emmanuel, bp G. indi2000 Gallardo, fr R. phil2000 Gaytan, rev J. mexi2000 Grange, fr R. ivor2000 Inocencio, fr B. phil2000 Jami, fr Y. indo2000 Kaiser, fr A. keny2000 Karketta, fr R. indi2000 Kuzhikandom, fr G. indi2000 Masih, Mushtaq indi2000 Nzikobanyanka, rev P. buru2000 Ogbu, fr J.M.O. nige2000 Pepe, fr R. conz2000 Ramirez, fr A.G. colo2000 Rochester, fr H. jama2000 Sequeira, sr C. paki2000 Simionato, sr G. buru2000 Tirelli, sr F. zamb2000 Uzcudum, fr I. rwan
Table 4–12 concluded
258 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 259
Continued overleaf
1981 Barendsen, Eeva afgh1981 Barendsen, Erik afgh1989 Nodrat, Zia Mohammed afgh1779 Aitolos, K. alba2000 Bernardo, fr J. alba1979 Coba, bp E. alba1973 Damian, abp of Tirane alba1948 Gigni, bp alba1948 Gijni, bp alba1016 John Baptist Vladimir, prince alba1949 Kisi, abp K. alba1972 Kurti, fr Shtjefen alba1952 Prennushi, abp N. alba1948 Volai, bp alba1996 Claverie P., bp of Oran alge304 Crispina of Tagora alge
1996 de Chergé OCSO, dom C. alge1916 de Foucauld, Charles alge1996 Dochier OCSO, br L. alge1996 Favre-Miville OCOS, br P. alge1996 Fleury OCSO, br M. alge1683 Le Vacher, bp J. alge1996 Lebreton, OCSO, fr C. alge1995 Leclerc, sr D. alge1996 Lemarchand OCSO, fr Bruno alge1995 Littlejohn, sr J. alge1996 Luc, Father alge1315 Lull, Ramon alge295 Maximilian alge
1996 Miville OCSO, br P. F. alge397 Optatus, bp of Thamugadi alge
1995 Prevost, sr O. alge1996 Ringeard OCSO, fr C. alge1998 Abrao ango1992 Aguiar, sr L. ango1992 Culembee Munto, sr M. ango1992 de Fonseca Guerra, fr A. ango1972 de Freitas, pastor F. ango2000 Dias, J. da Rocha ango1989 Giuliatti OFMCap, fr A. ango1998 Kathihe, sr L. ango1985 Kautudja, sr L. ango1985 Moretto, fr J. ango1990 Nicholson, sr A.C. ango1985 Paredes, A.A. ango1992 Pimentel, sr M. ango1961 Rodrigues, deacon Pedro ango1992 Sahihembo, Alfredo ango1999 Saluhaku, fr A. ango1998 Satchilombo, Francisco ango1985 Sikufinde, fr L. ango1985 Wasnak, fr J.E. ango1976 Angelelli, bp Enrique arge1976 Dios Murias, fr C. arge1903 Figueroa, Juana arge1851 Gardiner, Allen arge1976 Longueville, fr G. arge1961 Mendez, Juana F. arge1934 Moreno, Ramonita arge1683 Ortiz de Zarate, fr P. arge1825 Pogio, fr Bartolome arge1683 Salinas, fr arge1963 Sangueso, P. P. arge1908 Sivila, Visitación arge1971 Tejerina, Silvita A. arge1950 Vasquez, Carmen argec125 Acacius armec550 Adeodatus (Astouadz-Mapod) arme
66 Anna of Ormisdat arme333 Aristakes I, patriarch armec97 Atirnerseh, patriarch arme451 Atom & his legion arme68 Bartholomew, Apostle arme
316 Blaize, bp arme347 Daniel, patriarch arme
c650 David of Douine arme1314 de Rosatis, A. of Milan arme1314 Francis of Fermo arme290 Gayane, abbess arme193 Ghevondius, patriarch arme
c1150 Goharin & companions armec550 Grigor-Rajik arme337 Grigoris, exarch arme347 Houssik I, patriarch arme454 Hovsep I, patriarch arme290 Hripsime arme
c850 Isaac, prince armec850 Joseph, prince arme
66 Jude (Thaddaeus), Apostle arme1383 Kador, John arme1938 Khoren I, catholicos arme
66 Mariam of Houssik arme66 Martha of Makovtir arme
1314 Monold of Ancona arme373 Nerses I, catholicos arme66 Ogouhie, princess arme
110 Oski armec250 Polyeuctus armec308 Repsima & 78 companions arme290 Salahouni, Theodore arme66 Samuel, satrap arme66 Sandoukhte, princess arme
110 Soukias & companions arme1293 Stepanos IV, patriarch arme347 Stephen of Ulnia arme451 Suzanne arme
66 Terentius arme451 Vardan Mamikonian arme76 Zakaria, bp arme66 Zarmandoukhte arme
1145 Bosinlother, abbot Conrad ausz1012 Coloman ausz1528 Hubmaier, B. ausz1527 Hut, H. ausz1120 Merbot ausz1524 Tauber, Casper ausz1988 Hairapetian, V. azer1991 Hass, sr Claire baha1971 Biswas, U. bang1972 Brown, pastor bang1965 Goehring, H. bang
c1965 McBeth, fr bang1915 Cavell, Edith belgc650 Dympna of Ireland belg750 Gerulf belg705 Lambert, bp of Maastricht belg884 Rombout of Malines belg
1536 Tyndale, William belg1927 Amfiteatrov, P. belo1657 Bobola SJ, fr Andrew belo1623 Kuncevicz, abp Josaphat belo1982 Manzinger, fr belo1943 Bacon, D. boli1691 de Arce, Jose boli1943 Dye, B. boli1943 Dye, C. boli1980 Espinal SJ, fr L. boli1943 Hosback, G. boli1943 Hunter, E. boli1962 Kruegler MM, fr W.C. boli1971 Le Febre, M. boli1991 Bagaric, fr N. bosn1996 Jurcevic, sr D bosn1993 Mikic OFM, fr L. bosn1993 Milicevic OFM, fr N. bosn1997 Batista, sr T. braz1998 Commissari, fr L. braz1997 da Silva, rev J. J. C. braz1822 Joana Angelica, abbess braz1978 Lunkebein, fr R. braz1976 Lunkenbein, fr R. braz1989 Maire, fr G.F. braz1991 Prada Pires, fr J.M. braz254 Aaron & Julius brit
1222 Adam, bp of Caithness brit875 Adrian of May, bp brit209 Alban of Verulamium brit577 Aldate, bp of Gloucester brit
c800 Alkelda, princess brit1012 Alphege, abp of Canterbury brit1628 Arrowsmith, fr E. brit1410 Badby, J. brit1601 Barkworth, fr M. brit1641 Barlow, fr. A. brit1540 Barnes, Robert brit1593 Barrow, Henry brit1534 Barton, Elizabeth brit1546 Beaton, abp D. brit1531 Bilney, Thomas brit1555 Bradford, John brit1581 Briant, fr A. brit1560 Brooks, J., bp of Gloucester brit1661 Campbell, A. brit1581 Campion, fr E. brit1661 Cargill, D. brit1605 Catesby, Robert brit1648 Charles I, king brit1586 Clitherow, Margaret brit1413 Cobham, Lord brit1678 Coleman, Edward brit576 Constantine, abbot brit
1644 Corby, fr Ralph brit1594 Cornelius, fr J. brit1582 Cottam, fr T. brit1553 Cranmer, abp Thomas brit1326 de Stapledon, Walter, bp brit617 Donnan & 52 companions brit
c850 Ebba, abbess brit869 Edmund the Martyr, king brit979 Edward the Martyr, king brit794 Ethelbert, king brit
1679 Evans, fr D brit1679 Fenwick, fr J. brit1601 Filcock, fr. R. brit1535 Fisher, cardinal John brit866 Fremund brit
1533 Frith, J. brit1544 Gardiner, J. brit1608 Garnet, fr T. brit1679 Gavan, fr J. brit1591 Genings, fr E. brit1540 Gerrard, Thomas brit1608 Gervase, fr. G. brit1593 Greenwood, John brit1679 Grove, J. brit1661 Guthrie, James brit1584 Gwyn, R. brit1528 Hamilton, Patrick brit1571 Hamilton, primate J. brit1679 Harcourt, fr W. brit870 Hedda of Peterborough, abbot brit
1642 Holland, fr T. brit
1553 Hooper, bp John brit1535 Houghton, John, prior brit1998 Hughes, B. brit1601 Hunt, Fr T. britc700 Indract brit854 Indrechtach, abbot of Iona brit
1679 Ireland, fr W. brit1544 Ireland, J. brit1540 Jerome, William brit254 Julius brit
1678 Kemble, John brit821 Kenelm, prince brit
1902 Kensit, John brit1544 Larke, J. brit1553 Latimer, bp Hugh brit1645 Laud, William, abp of Canter brit1535 Lawrence, Robert, prior brit1405 Le Scrope, abp R. brit1588 Leigh, fr R. brit1678 Lewis, David brit1679 Lewis, fr D brit1678 Lloyd, John brit1651 Love, pastor Christopher brit1116 Magnus, earl of Orkney brit1577 Mayne, C. brit254 Mercurius brit
1601 Middleton, fr R. brit1450 Moleyns, A., bp of Chichester brit1535 More, Thomas brit1645 Morse, fr H. britc550 Nectan brit1578 Nelson, fr J. brit1679 Nevill, fr F. brit1615 Ogilvie SJ, J. brit1418 Oldcastle, Sir John brit642 Oswald, king of Northumbria brit651 Oswin, king britc65 Osyth, queen brit
c904 Pandonia brit1555 Philpot, J., archdeacon brit1679 Pickering, T. brit1681 Plunket, primate O. brit1649 Plunkett, earl C. brit1646 Powel, fr. P. brit1644 Price, fr Robert brit304 Probus brit
1998 Quinn, Jason brit1998 Quinn, Mark brit1998 Quinn, Richard britc870 Ragener brit1595 Rawlins, A. brit1661 Renwick, J. brit1553 Ridley, bp Nicholas brit1611 Roberts, fr. J. brit1642 Roe, Alban brit1401 Sawtrey, W. brit1612 Scott, fr. M. brit1588 Shelley, F. brit1595 Southwell, fr R. brit1654 Southworth, fr J. brit1539 Stone, J. brit870 Tancred brit304 Tarachus brit
1170 Thomas Becket, abp of Canter brit870 Torthred brit870 Tova brit
1471 Tresham, T. brit1616 Tunstall, fr. T. brit1679 Turner, fr A. brit1592 Udall, J. brit1661 Venner, Thomas brit1679 Wall, fr John brit1595 Walpole, H. brit1588 Ward, Margaret brit1535 Webster, Augustine, prior brit1679 Whitbread, fr T. brit1428 White, William brit1539 Whiting, R., abbot of Glastonb brit
c1000 Wigstan brit1144 William of Norwich brit1201 William of Rochester brit1154 William, abp of York brit1660 Wilson, Margaret brit1546 Wishart, G. brit1573 Woodhouse, fr T. brit1651 Wright, Peter brit1956 Boris, metrop of Nevrokop bulg1952 Bossilkoff CP, bp E. bulg1514 George Novi of Sophia bulgc302 Julius of Durostorum bulg1952 Kirtoff, apostolic exarch bulg1555 Nicholas Novi of Sophia bulgc294 Nikander bulg1981 Tsachev, N.V. bulg1795 Zlata of Magden bulg1881 Augier, fr buru1987 Bangirimana, Ernest buru2000 Bargiggia, fr A. buru1993 Bimazubute, G. buru1972 Binyoni, Abel buru1997 Buchwolder, sr C. buru1996 Concesse, Sr buru1881 D’Hoop, fr F. buru1881 Deniaud, fr buru1996 Gakobwa, Sr I. buru1996 Hakizimana, fr S. buru
1996 Irenee, sr buru1996 Mpengekeze, fr Y. buru1996 Ndacikiriwe, sr C. buru1996 Ndihokubwayo, sr L. buru1998 Nielsen, B. M. buru2000 Nzikobanyanka, rev P. buru1996 Ruhuna, J., abp of Gitega buru2000 Simionato, sr G. buru1995 Sinankwa, fr M. buru
c1927 Filaret, bp of Bobruisk byelc1930 Ioann, bp of Mozyr byelc1930 Mikhail, bp of Slutsk byel1943 Nemantsevich, exarch A. byel1975 Badre OSB, prior J. camb1996 Chanthom, Toun camb1976 Chunsar OSB, fr B. C. camb1576 de Azevedo OP, fr Silvestre camb1996 Fernando, SJ, R. M. camb1976 Salas, bp J. C. camb1996 Sokan, Khoun camb1975 Tep Im, bp Paolo camb1992 Husband, sr G. came1992 Leone, sr M. came1991 Plumey OMI, abp I. came1649 Chabenel, N. cana1648 Daniel SJ, A. cana1649 de Brebeuf SJ, fr J. cana1649 Garnier, fr C. cana1642 Goupil SJ, R. cana1646 Jogues SJ, fr I. cana1646 Lalande SJ, fr John de cana1649 Lalemant SJ, fr G. cana1654 Leonard of Chartres, fr cana1619 Poulain, fr G. cana1724 Rale SJ, fr S. cana1625 Viel, fr N. cana2000 Abakumate, sr M cent1997 d’Herouville, Sr C. chad555 Helier chan
1985 Allende, S. N. chil1973 Alsina, fr J. chil1985 Ceballos, M. G. chil1612 de Aranda SJ, fr M. chil1612 de Montalban SJ, br J. chil1612 de Vecchi SJ, fr H. chil1983 Jarlan, A. chil1985 Maluendo, J. M. P. chil1905 An, evangelist chin1900 Andlauer SJ, fr M. chin1950 Beda SJ, fr Tsiang chin1916 Bettex, Paul chin1945 Birch, J. chin1900 Blind Chang Shen chin1938 Cairns, fr R. chin1941 Cairns, fr R. J. chin1900 Carleson, N. chin1950 Carlo, bp A. chin1925 Cassels, bp W. C. chin1900 Chao Hsi Mao chin1811 Chao, A. chin1993 Chunjee, bp P.S. chin1811 Clet, F. chin1820 Clet, fr F. R. chin1929 Coveyou, fr W. chin1634 de Andrade, fr A. chin1644 de Capillas OP, fr F. chin1950 de Smedt, bp L. J. chin1900 Denn, fr P. chin
c1993 Difen, bp Liu chin1938 Donovan MM, fr G. chin1934 Esteban, fr T. chin1952 Ford, bp F.X. chin1339 Francis of Alessandria chin1339 Gilotti, William chin1900 Guillon, bp L. chin1929 Holbein, fr G. chin1861 Holmes, J. L. chin1606 Hwang Ming-sha SJ, br chin1900 Isore, fr R. chin1362 James, abp of Zaitun chin1947 Jensen, fr B. chin1339 John of India, br chin1943 Kim, evangelist chin1905 Kim, evangelist chin1900 King, A. chin1816 Lantrua, fr G. chin1339 Lawrence of Alessandria chin1940 Lebbe, fr F. V. chin1900 Li, fr J. chin1945 Liddell, Eric chin1960 Lin, H.H. chin1938 Liu, H. chin1934 Liu, Y. C. chin1937 Lo Pa Hong chin1847 Lowrie, Walter M. chin1906 Macdonald, dr R. J. chin1900 Mangin, fr L. I. chin1993 Manping, Lai chin1339 Martel, Peter chin1400 Matthew of Escandel chin1994 Musheng, Zheng chin1972 Nee, Watchman chin1862 Neel, J. P. chin1905 Ni, evangelist chin1339 Pascal of Victoria chin1840 Perboyre, fr J. G. chin
Table 4–13. Geographical listing of 2,550 known Christian martyrs, AD 33-2000.
Continued opposite
Table 4–13 continued
260 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
1840 Perboyre, fr Jean G. chin1900 Pigott, J. chin1900 Pigott, T. W. & J. chin1900 Pitkin, H. T. chin1900 Price, Charles & Eva chin1900 Price, Eva chin1945 Rauschenbach MM, fr O. A. chin1339 Richard, bp of Almalik chin1339 Ruff, Raymond chin1749 Sanz, bp P. chin1666 Schall SJ, fr A. von Bell chin1953 Seng, Joseph chin1929 Seybold, fr C. chin1984 Shude SJ, fr F.Z. chin1932 Simpson, W. E. chin1934 Stam, Betty chin1934 Stam, John & Betty chin1900 Sun Hwe Teh chin1929 Sundar Singh, sadhu chin1811 Tapeng, J. C. chin1949 Tornay, fr M. chin1951 Wallace, W.L. chin1950 Wang Ling-Tso, fr chin1900 Wang Ten Ren chin1989 Xinsheng, bp Li chin1996 Xiuju, Zhang chin
c1990 Xueyan, bp Fan chin1972 Zhiming, pastor Wang chin1995 Alean, pastor M. colo1996 Alzate Varela, pastor P. colo1995 Amador, pastor Manuel colo1995 Argelio, pastor J. colo1988 Augusto, fr Giraldo Cesar colo1997 Bedoya, fr A. colo1989 Benitez, fr M.A. colo1981 Bitterman III, C.A. colo1996 Carro, C. Quiroz colo1998 Chicangana, fr A. J. colo1998 Colorado, Adan colo1996 Coronel, J. D. colo1944 Coy, Juan colo1998 de Rojas, M. R. colo1997 Donado, elder W. colo2000 Duque, fr H. colo1990 Fernandez, fr T. colo1948 Fowler, E. colo1998 Gaona, br M. A. Q. colo1988 Giraldo, fr C. Augusto colo1996 Gonzales, J. L. colo1998 Hood, Carl colo1989 Jaramillo, bp Jesus E. colo1974 Lain, fr Domingo colo1992 Leal, sr Torres N. colo1989 Mansalve, bp Jesus E.J. colo1989 Monsalve, bp Jesus E. J. colo1997 Pena, fr S. C. colo2000 Ramirez, fr A.G. colo1995 Rangell, Hugo colo1989 Restrepo, fr S. colo1999 Rojas, fr H. F. colo1995 Ruibal, pastor Julio C. colo1998 Saenz, J. D. colo1966 Torres, fr Camilo colo1984 Ulcue Chocue, fr A. colo1995 Van Dyke, T. colo1995 Welsh, S. colo1996 Farris, Dr. Ron como1977 Biayenda, cardinal abp E. cong1998 Czuba, fr J. cong1961 de Vos, pastor R. cong1998 Nakavoua, G. A. cong1998 Adrienne, sr conz1997 Alege, prof A. conz2000 Amzati, C.G. conz1964 Anuarite, sr M.C. conz1966 Bamba, Emmanuel conz1706 Beatrice, Donna conz1996 Bumendwa, fr J. C. conz1942 Bushiri, Mulumozi conz1998 Bwabulakombe, sr S. conz1996 Bwambale, pastor P. conz1964 Carlson, P. conz1974 Charlier, fr E. conz1996 de la Fuente, br F. conz1998 Desrumeaux, sr A. conz1977 Eschtruth, G.J.R. conz1996 Gakondo, sr J. A. conz1996 Garcia, br S. M. conz1996 Gatuku, fr C. conz1996 Gatunga, sr J. conz1652 George of Ghiel, fr conz1998 Germaine, sr conz1997 Hatagekimang, rev A. conz1960 Hodgson, E. conz1996 Jorge, br J. R. conz1997 Kabera, rev E. conz1996 Kahegezo, fr B. K. conz1996 Kajibwami, br F. conz1996 Kanyamanza, fr P. conz1996 Kasati, fr J. conz1951 Kimbangu, prophet Simon conz1997 Kiyumukiza, rev A. N. conz1960 Knauf, E. conz1964 Lifenya, director Pierre conz1996 Lucio, br M. A. I. conz1996 Lucio, sr M. A. I. conz1998 Malenga, E. conz1998 Mandro, J-F. K. conz1964 McMillan, H. conz
1997 Mihingo, rev N. conz1996 Mounabandi, sr C conz1997 Mukamihogo, sr F. conz1997 Munyakazy, rev E. conz1996 Munyankuyu, fr A. conz1996 Munzihirwa, abp C. conz1996 Munzombo, pasotr D. conz1997 Muyoboke, rev F. conz1996 Ngabo SJ, abp C. M. M. conz1996 Nirere, fr B. conz1996 Nsengiyunva, fr E. conz1997 Nyirabakungu, sr C. conz1997 Nyirarukundu, sr M. conz2000 Pepe, fr R. conz1964 Rhine, Phyllis conz1996 Sabuni, pastor M. conz1964 Scholten, W.H. conz1996 Sebalija, sr L. conz1995 Sellekaerts IHM, sr C. conz1996 Semutwe, sr M. A. conz1997 Tshisambu, fr F. conz1964 Tucker, J. conz1997 Twagirayezu, rev U. conz1997 Uwizeyimana, rev J. conz1974 Viaene, fr L. conz1709 de Rebullida, fr P. cost1709 de Zamora, fr J.A. cost1627 Perez, fr R. cost303 Anastasia croa303 Irineu, bp of Sirmium croa
1945 Simrak, bp J. croa1961 Stepinac, cardinal abp A. croa
61 Barnabas, Apostle cypr1821 Kyprianos, abp cypr1982 Barta, fr J. czec1981 Coufal, fr P. czec1631 Fleming, fr P. czec1979 Gono, fr M. czec1942 Gorazd, bp Pavlik czec1217 Hroznata czec1416 Jerome of Prague czec1393 John of Nepomuk czec916 Ludmilla czec
1620 Sarkander, Jan czec1981 Svanda, fr P. czec1974 Trochta, cardinal S. czec929 Wenceslas, prince-duke czec
1550 Arason, bp J. & 2 sons denm1086 Canute IV, king denm1131 Canute Lavard denm1176 Marguerite of Roeskilde denm1944 Munk, pastor Kaj denm1971 Potter, Nancy domr1971 Potter, Paul E. & Nancy domr1987 Arango, sr Ines ecua1887 Checa y Barba, abp J. I. ecua1956 Elliot, J. ecua1956 Fleming, P. ecua1987 Labaca Ugarte OFMCap, bp A. ecua1956 McCully, E. ecua1956 Saint, Nate ecua1956 Youdarian, R. ecua1987 Zuma, pastor Antonio ecuac300 Abadion, bp of Antinoopolis egypc291 Abadir egypc250 Abadyus egypc309 Abamun of Tarnut egypc309 Abamun of Tukh egyp1996 Abdel-Sayeda, H. L. egyp249 Abu Sayfayn egyp
1400 Abu’l Farag egypc287 Aesculapius egypc305 Aesi egypc300 Agathon and brothers egyp1387 al-Jadid, Jirjis egyp959 al-Muzahim, Jirjis egyp249 Alexander, bp of Cappadocia egyp251 Alexander, bp of Jerusalem egyp
c360 Alladyus, bp egyp1993 Alzokim, N.F. egypc320 Ammonius, bp of Latopolis egypc285 Amsah of Qift egypc300 Anatolius, general egypc355 Andrew, monk egypc290 Anub egypc295 Apaiule egypc300 Apoli egypc285 Apollo egypc290 Apollonius egyp245 Appolonia, deaconess egyp
c310 Arianus, governor egypc298 Arsenius egyp1400 Arsenius egypc290 Ascla egypc296 Athanasius egyp258 Athanasius, bp egyp
c288 Athom egyp1991 Aziza, Adel egyp284 Babylas, bp egyp
1992 Bakheit, dr S. egyp285 Balana, priest egyp
c300 Bandilaus, monk egypc285 Banina egypc297 Barsanuphius (Warshanufy) egypc850 Barsanuphius, monk egyp298 Basil, bp egyp
c297 Basilidas, general egyp207 Basilides egyp
1993 Bassiliouss, P. egyp
250 Batra egypc355 Behnam egypc291 Benjamin egypc297 Besamon egyp
c1820 Bishay, Sidhom egypc1250 Bulus al-Habis egypc286 Callinicus egyp307 Catherine of Alexandria egyp
c299 Chamoul egypc286 Chanazhum egyp250 Christophorus egyp283 Cladius, Stratelates egyp
c299 Comas egypc340 Copres egypc291 Cyriacus egyp1860 Cyril IV, patriarch egyp303 Cyrus & John egyp
c286 Dalasina egypc299 Damian egypc286 Dasyah egypc292 David egypc359 Decius egyp305 Dimyanah & her 40 Virgins egyp
c287 Dioscorus egypc307 Elias the eunuch egypc286 Epima egypc292 Epimachus egyp303 Epimachus of Pelusium egyp
1997 Estafanos, K. egypc291 Eudoxia egypc355 Eunapius, monk egypc291 Euphemia egypc288 Febronia, nun egyp1996 Gabriel, I. A. egyp1981 Ghabrail, fr Abd Mutagalli egyp996 Ghabrial egyp
1996 Girgis, M. B. egypc292 Gordian egyp1992 Guirguis, A.S. egyp1992 Guirguis, M.Q. egyp1387 Hadid of Giza egypc450 Hamai of Kahyor egyp1996 Hanas, dr Michel Ayad egypc286 Helias, bp egypc300 Heraclides egypc291 Herai egyp305 Hypatius of Gangra egyp
1400 Ileya egypc359 Irene egypc299 Isaac of Tiphre egypc305 Isidore of Takinash egypc299 Isidorus egypc300 Isidorus, monk egyp1993 Iskandar, E.N. egypc300 Jacob, The Soldier egypc258 Jerasimus egyp303 John egyp
1209 John of Phanidjoit egypc357 John, The Soldier egypc291 Julitta egypc286 Justus, son of Numerianus egypc289 Kau of Bismay egyp1992 Khalil, H.F. egyp202 Leonides egyp451 Macari of Edko, bp egyp
c305 Macarius egyp455 Macarius of Tkow, bp egyp
c295 Makrawi, bp of Nikiou egyp1811 Malati, Muallim egyp202 Marcella egyp305 Marcus egyp68 Mark the Evangelist egyp
1993 Marsouk, H. egyp1999 Massoud, Magdi F. egyp249 Matra egyp631 Menas egyp
c717 Menas of Al-Ashmunayn egyp296 Menas the Miracle Maker egyp305 Menas, governor egyp
c356 Mercurius egyp1400 Mikhail Abu Mokaitef egypc305 Milius egyp1400 Moussa, monk egyp1822 Muallim Ghali egyp1801 Muallim Malati egypc310 Mui egypc300 Nabraha egypc304 Naharuh egyp285 Naou egyp
1994 Nur al-Qums Binyamin egypc301 Olympius egypc301 Paese egypc290 Panesneu, deacon egypc313 Pantaleon, physician egypc298 Patape, bp of Coptos egypc290 Paul of Egypt egyp
311 Peter I Ieromartyros, patriarch egyp304 Phileas, bp of Thmuis egyp
c290 Philemon egypc292 Phiobammon of Preht egypc288 Piroou egypc302 Pisura, bp of Masil egypc306 Porphry egyp207 Potamiana egyp305 Potamon of Heracla egyp
c305 Procopius, governor egyp459 Proterius, patriarch egyp
c306 Psote of Psoi egyp1981 Quilini, H. N. egyp
1981 Raflan, B. egypc300 Rebecca of Sunbat egyp
c1780 Rizk Agha, vizier egyp1400 Saleeb egypc290 Salfana egypc800 Salib egyp1981 Samuel, bp Makary El-Souria egypc355 Sarah egypc290 Sarah & children egypc287 Sarapamon of Scetis, bp egypc365 Serapion, bp of Thmuis egyp1993 Shafiq, S. egypc299 Shenufe egypc299 Shenute egypc650 Shinudah, anba egyp1910 Sidhom Bishai, deacon egyp1400 Sidrak, priest, & 5 monks egypc800 Simeon egypc140 Sophia egypc286 Sophronius egyp284 Stephen, archdeacon egyp
c301 Tecula egyp220 Theodorus of Peshotep egyp
c306 Theodorus, bp of Pentapolis egyp258 Theodotus egyp
1993 Theophiles, K.Y. egypc306 Tibarcius egypc291 Til, soldier egypc309 Timothy of Memphis egypc295 Tolemaeus egypc295 Uri, priest of Shatanut egypc345 Usaghniyus egypc306 Valerianus egypc359 Victor egypc301 Victor of Asyut egypc289 Wakhus egyp
c1540 Yoannis al-Kalioobi, monk egyp1833 Aquino, Anastasio elsa1977 Arreola, sr Silvia Maribel elsa1978 Bassera, fr Ernesto elsa1980 Chacon, Juan elsa1980 Clarke, sr M. elsa1980 Donovan, sr J. elsa1989 Elba Ramos, Celina elsa1989 Elba Ramos, Julia & Celina elsa1989 Ellacuria SJ, fr I. elsa1985 Espino, pastor E. F. elsa1932 Farabundo, Marti elsa1980 Ford, sr I. elsa1989 Gomez, Maria Cristina elsa1977 Grande, fr R. elsa1980 Kazel, sr D. elsa1989 Lopez Lopez SJ, fr J. elsa1989 Lopez SJ, fr A. elsa1989 Martin-Baro SJ, fr I. elsa1989 Montes SJ, fr S. elsa1977 Navarro, fr A. elsa1979 Ortiz, fr Octavia elsa1979 Palacios, fr Rafael elsa1989 Ramon Moreno SJ, fr J. elsa1993 Ramos, bp Robert J. elsa1970 Rodriguez, fr Nicolas elsa1980 Romero, abp Oscar elsa1977 Torres, L.A. elsa1975 Nze, bp Abuy Raphael equa1198 Berthold, abbot esto
c1480 Isidor & followers esto1990 Klein, Valve esto1919 Kulbusch, bp Platon of Revel esto1990 Meri, dean Harald esto1985 Aleku, B. ethi1992 Amlak, fr A. ethi1666 Andrade, vicar apostolic ethi1977 Argew, T. ethi1640 Bruni SJ, fr B. ethi1640 Cardeira SJ, fr L. ethi1638 Cassian of Nantes, fr ethi1638 de Almeida, bp Apollinaris ethi1860 de Jacobis, bp Justin ethi1652 du Tremblay, fr J. L. ethi1638 Franceschi SJ, fr H. ethi1855 Gabra Mikael, fr ethi1595 George, fr A. ethi1652 Heyling, Peter ethi1973 Isa, Peter ethic450 Kharitas ethi1937 Mikael, bp ethi1635 Paes SJ, fr G. ethi1937 Petros, bp ethi1992 Ricci, fr F. ethi1638 Rodrigues SJ, fr F. ethi1980 Samwel, abp ethi1977 Selassie, emperor Haile ethi1991 Shaga, Nana ethi1980 Theofilas, patriarch ethi1979 Tumsa, Gudinsa ethi1716 Weiss, prefect L. ethi1004 Abbo fran
c1640 Agathangelo of Vendome, fr fran1794 Agricola Viala fran1871 Allard, fr fran1794 Ambroise, fr R. fran1794 Andre, fr J. franc660 Annemond, bp of Lyons fran1155 Arnold of Brescia fran434 Auraeus, bp fran
1792 Balmain SJ, fr F. fran1321 Belibasta, Guilhem franc150 Benignus fran
MARTYROLOGY 261
Table 4–13 continued
Continued overleaf
685 Bercharius, abbot fran177 Blandina fran
1792 Bonnaud SJ, fr J. J. franc560 Cadog fran1871 Captier, fr E. fran1794 Carnus, fr C. fran1871 Caubert, fr J. fran1871 Clerc, fr A. fran1572 Coligny, admiral Gaspard de franc285 Crispin franc285 Crispinian fran679 Dagobert II, king fran
1871 Darboy, G., abp of Paris fran1871 de Bengy, fr A. fran1685 de Marolles, Louis fran1792 De Millou SJ, fr J. C. fran1314 de Molay, J., grand master fran1621 de Montchretien, A. fran1792 de Vafons, count fran1871 Deguerry, fr fran1792 Delfaut SJ, fr W. A. fran259 Denys, bp of Paris fran411 Desiderius, bp of Langres fran607 Desiderius, bp of Vienne fran
1559 Du Bourg, Anne fran1792 Du Lau, abp J. M. fran1871 Ducoudray, fr L. fran259 Eleutherius fran
c660 Emmeram, bp of Poitiers franc260 Eutropius, bp of Saintes fran1794 Expilly, bp L. A. franc250 Faith (Foy) franc290 Firmin, bp of Amiens fran655 Foillan, abbot fran760 Gangolf fran250 Genesius of Arles fran675 Germanus, abbot fran
1794 Gobel, J. B. J., bp of Paris fran1070 Godelive fran731 Hainmar, bp of Auxerre fran202 Irenaeus, bp of Lyons fran
1944 Jacob, Max fran1431 Joan of Arc fran1792 Lanfant, fr A. & 8 companions fran1685 Le Fevre, I. fran1792 Lefranc, fr F. fran679 Leodegar, bp of Autun fran451 Livarius fran
1793 Louis XVI fran1871 Olivaint, fr P. franc260 Patroclus fran426 Patroclus of Arles, primate fran
1133 Peter of Bruys fran1208 Peter of Castelnau, legate fran1794 Pinot, fr N. fran177 Ponticus fran
c260 Pontius fran1310 Porete, Marguerite fran177 Pothinus, bp fran586 Praetextatus, bp of Rouen fran
c260 Privatus fran1572 Ramus, Peter fran
c1350 Roch, healer fran259 Rusticus fran
1593 Sales, fr J. fran259 Saturninus fran
1593 Saultemouche, fr W. fran1857 Sibour, abp of Paris fran1242 Stephen of Narbonne franc190 Symphorian fran1803 Toussaint-Louverture, F.D. fran177 Vettius Epagathus fran258 Victorinus fran689 Vigilius, bp of Auxerre fran476 Volusianus, bp of Tours fran
1242 William of Arnaud fran1799 Lewis, pastor T. frep786 Abo geor610 Anastasius, patriarch geor
1288 Conrad of Saxony geor379 Eustace of Mtskheta geor
1918 Kirion III, catholicos-patriarch geor662 Maximus the Confessor, abbot geor
1921 Nazary, metrop of Kutaisi georc490 Rajden georc473 Shushanik, queen geor1908 Sofiisky, exarch abp N. geor1288 Stephen of Hungary geor1632 Adolphus, king Gustavus germ303 Afra germ
1945 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich germ1942 Brandsma, fr Tiko germ1945 Delp, fr A. germ1121 Erminold, abbot of Prufening germ304 Gereon germ799 Gerold, duke of Bavaria germ
1997 Geyer-Iwand, V. germ1066 Gottschalk germ1944 Gross, N. germ1919 Hahn, G. H. & 32 pastors germ853 Haymo, bp of Halberstadt germ695 Hewald the Dark germ695 Hewald the Fair germ
1943 Jaegerstaetter, F. germ1415 John Hus germ1536 John of Leiden germ1066 John, bp of Mecklenburg germ1527 Kaiser germ686 Kilian, bp, & 11 companions germ
1944 Koenzgen, G. germ1066 Kuno, bp of Trier germ1944 Lagerstadr, Farnz germ
c1940 Leisner, fr K. germ1944 Letterhaus, B. germ1941 Lichtenberg, fr B. germ1534 Matthys, Jan germ1944 Metzger, fr M. J. germ1525 Munzer, T. germ1527 Sattler, M. germ1534 Schiemer, L., bp germ1944 Schmidlin, professor J. germ1939 Schneider, pasotr germ643 Trudpert germ451 Ursula & virgins germ
c1935 von Moltke, Helmut germ1631 Wagner, fr Liborius germ1528 Winkler, pastor G. germ1995 Maclese, sr P. ghan1996 McAleese, sr P. ghan1996 Murphy, sr C. ghan1900 Otu, Samuel ghan304 Agape gree69 Andrew, Apostle gree
1813 Angelis gree304 Chione gree
c260 Cyril, bp of Gortyna gree1802 Demetrios of Chios gree308 Demetrius, megalomartyr gree
1807 George of Chios gree1838 Georgios gree1814 Ignanos gree304 Irene gree96 Luke the Evangelist gree
1802 Luke the New gree1801 Mark the New gree969 Nicephorus, emperor gree
1754 Nicholas of Chios gree1794 Polydorus the Cypriot gree
115 Rufus gree1635 Theophilus of Zakynthos gree
115 Zozimus gree1672 de San Vitores SJ, fr J. guam1944 Duenas, fr Jesus guam1985 Cabrera Rivera, prof C.H. guat1991 Cisneros, fr Moises guat1998 Conedera, bp J. G. guat
c1976 de la Cruz, fr C. guat1982 Garcia, Anastasio guat
c1976 Gran, fr J.M. guat1983 Holdenried, F.X. guat1976 Lopez, fr H. guat1990 Mack, Myrna guat1981 Miller, fr J. guat1981 Rother, fr S. guat1995 Saquic Vasquez, pastor M. guat1994 Serech, P. guat1982 Toj, Juan Garcia guat1983 Toma, pastor Nicolas guat1981 Troyer, J.D. guat1985 Tzalam Coj, Manuel de Jesus guat1995 Vasquez, pastor M.S. guat
c1976 Voordeckers, fr W. guat1976 Woods MM, fr W. guat1963 Barbosa, evangelist Dinis gunb1963 da Costa, Joaquin gunb1963 da Silva, pastor Pedro gunb1963 Landim gunb1962 Mendes, evangelist Formoso gunb1963 Vaz Martins, evangelist Victor gunb1991 Claude, pastor Sylvio hait1998 Hudon, fr B. hait1993 Izmery, A. hait1998 Louis, fr J-P. hait1961 Moreau, fr Yvon Emmanuel hait1994 Vincent, pastor Jean-Marie hait1612 Bertelete, fr E. hond1975 Betancur, fr I. hond1983 Carney SJ, fr J.G. hond1975 Cypher OFM, fr M.C. hond1623 de Baena, br J. hond1612 de Monteagudo, fr J. hond1623 Lopez, fr B. hond1623 Puerta, fr C.M. hond1905 Chestnut, Eleanor hong1945 Apor, bp Vilmos hung1959 Balint, S. hung1619 Crisinus, fr M. hung1579 Franz, David hung1046 Gerard, bp of Csanad hung1619 Grodecz SJ, fr M. hung
c1956 Martinuzzi, abp of Estergom hung1948 Ordacz, bp L. hung304 Pollio hung
1619 Pongracz SJ, fr S. hung1959 Turcsanyi, msgr E. hung1583 Acquaviva, fr R. indi1653 Ahatalla, metropolitan indi1997 Anchanickal SJ, fr T. indi1583 Aranha, F. indi1583 Berno, P. indi1996 Cherukarokunnel, L. J. indi2000 Chittinapilly, fr S.J. indi2000 Crasta, fr V. indi1549 Criminali SJ, fr A. indi1693 de Britto SJ, fr J. indi1321 Demetrius, br indi2000 Emmanuel, bp G. indi1583 Francisco, fr A. indi
1996 Hansda, S. indi1998 Hoyo, br J. indi1321 James of Padua indi1597 Joseph, mar, metropolitan indi2000 Karketta, fr R. indi1995 Kerkatta, John indi2000 Kuzhikandom, fr G. indi1996 Lasker, evangelist Hussain indi1992 Lukkappa, sadhu indi1995 Maria, sr Rani indi2000 Masih, Mushtaq indi1997 Nedumattahil, fr J. indi1583 Pacheco, fr A. indi1993 Packianathan, fr V.S. indi1997 Pande, evangelist M. indi1321 Peter of Siena indi1752 Pillai, D. indi1990 Priya SMA, sr indi1998 Puttaniyil, br L. indi1998 Rajiv, John indi1597 Simon, mar, metropolitan indi1999 Staines, Graham indi1999 Staines, Philip indi1999 Staines, Timothy indi1990 Sylvia SMA, sr indi1990 Tete, president Martin indi
82 Thomas (Didymus), Apostle indi1321 Thomas of Tolentino indi1997 Thomas SJ, fr A. T. indi1638 Berthelot, fr P. indo1996 Christian, pastor Ishak indo1975 Constable, pastor Eric indo1968 Dale, pastor Stan indo1996 Ishak Christian, pastor indo1940 Jackson, F. C. indo1945 Jaffray, R. A. indo2000 Jami, fr Y. indo1834 Lyman, H. indo1968 Masters, P. indo1834 Munson, Samuel indo1652 Redemptus of the Cross, br indo1998 Siahae, J. indo1998 Simatupang, T. M. indo1282 Aldobrand of Florence iran1282 Anthony of Armenia iran1279 Bar Kaliq, bp of Tus iran1917 Benjamin Simon, catholicos iran1994 Dibaj, pastor Mehdi iran1314 Francis of Borgo San Sepolcro iran1340 Gentle of Matelica iran615 George the Monk iran
1994 Hovsepian-Mehr, bp H. iran1624 Ketevan, queen iran1994 Michaelian, pastor Tateos iran1869 Mirza Ibrahim iran1979 Sayyad, fr iran1979 Siyah, pastor Aristou iran1990 Soodmand, pastor H. iran1334 William of England iran1996 Yusefi, pastor Mohammad B. iran552 Aba, mar, patriarch catholicos iraq410 Abda, mar iraq375 Abdas, metropolitan iraq341 Abdechalas & Ananias iraq575 Ahudemmeh, bp of Tagrit iraq448 Anahid iraq341 Ananias iraq346 Anna iraq
1918 Audo, abp iraq484 Babowi, catholicos iraq346 Barbashmin, catholicos iraq493 Barsumas, bp iraq422 Benjamin iraq327 Berikjesu iraq
c337 Caxo, prince iraq422 Chouchanik iraq
c337 Dado, governor iraq345 Daniel iraq448 Dindui, metropolitan iraq
1261 Dionysius, antipatriarch iraq303 Febronia iraq
1972 George, Margaret iraqc337 Gobidlaha, princess iraq315 Gurias & companions iraq345 Hanania iraq422 Hormisdas iraq408 Hormizd of Sylvanus, rabban iraq420 Hormizdas iraq
c240 Intercisus, James iraq1995 Isho, E.K. iraq337 Jacob, bp iraq346 James iraq422 James of Persia iraq337 John, bp iraq448 John, bp of Karka iraq327 Jonah iraq346 Martha iraq346 Mary iraqc70 Matthew (Levi), Apostle iraq
1997 Matti, Haval iraq1991 Matti, Lazar iraq420 Peroz iraq448 Pethiun, evangelist iraq345 Pherbutha iraq518 Philoxenus, bp of Mabbogh iraq315 Phrebonia iraq339 Pusak, prefect, & 100 clergy iraq341 Pusicius iraq286 Qndyr, queen iraq
123 Semsoun, bp of Edessa iraq342 Shahdost, catholicos iraq
1975 Shimun, catholicos-patriarch iraq1997 Sifer, M. H. iraq341 Simeon Barsabae, catholicos iraq
61 Simon Zelotes, Apostle iraq448 Sirin iraq
1918 Sontag, apostolic delegate iraqc810 Subaljesu, monk iraq422 Suenas iraq448 Tamasgerd iraq339 Tarbo, deaconess iraq345 Uarda (Rose) iraq341 Usthazanes iraq
c800 Erc, bp of Slane irelc440 Gwinear irel1535 Kenraghty, chaplain Maurice irel1650 McMahon, bp E. irel1798 Murphy, fr J. irel1651 O’Brien, bp T. A. irel1580 O’Cullenan, G., abbot irel1612 O’Devany, C., bp irel1575 O’Donnell SJ, E. irel1578 O’Hely, P., bp irel1584 O’Hurley, D., abp irel431 Palladius irel
1680 Talbot, P., abp of Dublin irel309 Abdon ital
c100 Achilleus ital259 Agapitus of Praeneste ital249 Agatha ital
c350 Agnes italc117 Alexander ital397 Alexander ital840 Alexander, bp of Fiesole ital304 Andronicus ital
1323 Angelus of Spoleto italc168 Anicetus, pope italc185 Apollonius, senator italc120 Atrasis, daughter of Hadrian ital
91 Aurelia Petronilla ital1998 Beheydt, pastor G. S. ital884 Bertharius, abbot ital
c360 Bibiana ital1388 Bonaventure Peraga, cardinal ital1600 Bruno, br G. ital570 Cadoc, bp ital
c165 Caecelia italc222 Callistus I, pope italc300 Castorius ital178 Cecilia ital303 Chrysogonus ital
c300 Claudius italc90 Cletus, bp of Rome ital253 Cornelius, pope ital
c302 Crescentia italc360 Dafrosa & Demetria ital1878 David, fr italc360 Demetria ital235 Demetrius ital834 Deusdedit, abbot of M Cassino ital
c300 Elmo, bp of Formiae ital1075 Erlembald italc111 Eustathius, Roman general italc117 Eventius & Theodulus ital250 Fabian, pope ital
c297 Felician ital259 Felicissimus & Agapitus ital
95 Flavius Clemens ital165 Gervase & Protase ital
91 Glabrio, Manius Acilius, consul ital1902 Goretti, Maria ital235 Hippolytus, antipope ital115 Ignatius, bp of Antioch ital730 James, bp of Catania ital305 Januarius, bp of Benevento ital526 John I, pope ital928 John X, pope ital
c120 Junia ital165 Justin Martyr & 5 companions ital259 Lawrence italc76 Linus, bp of Rome ital
c171 Lucius ital303 Lucy ital275 Magnus, bp of Fabrateria ital410 Marcella ital178 Marcellus ital309 Marcellus, pope ital
c364 Mark, bp of Arethusa ital397 Martyrius ital178 Maximus ital
c302 Modestus italc197 Moses ital1998 Muntoni, fr G. italc100 Nereus italc300 Nicostratus ital258 Novatian, antipope ital
1383 Panacea ital304 Pancras italc98 Parmenas the deacon ital64 Paul, Apostle ital
1365 Peter of Ruffia ital1252 Peter of Verona (Peter Martyr) italc120 Phocas, bp of Bontos ital235 Pontian, pope ital
c297 Primus ital165 Protase ital
c171 Ptolemaus italc171 Publius, bp of Athens ital
Continued opposite
Table 4–13 continued
202 Pudens ital1993 Puglisi, pastor G. ital1490 Rabata, A. ital1775 Ricci SJ, general L. ital1080 Rudolf of Swabia ital258 Rufina ital
c197 Sarah ital1498 Savonarola, G. ital288 Sebastian of Milan ital258 Secunda ital309 Sennen ital524 Severinus Boethius, consul ital537 Silverius, pope ital64 Simon Peter, Apostle ital
c300 Simplicius italc300 Simpronian ital397 Sisinnius ital
c117 Sixtus I, bp of Rome ital258 Sixtus II, pope ital257 Stephen I, pope ital
c280 Tarsicius italc228 Tatiana, deaconess ital391 Telemachus ital138 Telesphorus, bp of Rome ital
c117 Theodulus italc111 Theopista ital178 Tiburtius ital
c1200 Uguzo (Lucio di Val Cavargna) ital230 Urban, pope ital538 Ursicinus, bp of Ravenna ital269 Valentine ital178 Valerian ital
1619 Vanini, L. italc305 Victor ital303 Victor Maurus ital
c310 Victor of Stratelates italc302 Vitus ital1362 William of Campania ital303 Zeno of Rome ital
2000 Grange, fr R. ivor1991 Jeanne SAM, fr A. ivor1992 Pfister, J. ivor1985 Cuthbert, R. W. M. jama2000 Rochester, fr H. jama1633 Alonso, fr L. japa1634 Ansalone, fr G. japa1597 Blasquez, fr Pedro B. japa1989 Boisvert, fr A. japa1624 Carvalho, fr J. japa1597 Casas Martinez, Felipe japa1626 Caun, V. japa1622 Constanzo, fr C. japa1637 Courtet OP, fr W. japa1623 De Angelis, fr J. japa1637 de Aozaraza, fr M. japa1597 de Goto, fr J. S. japa1626 de Torres, fr B. japa1597 Francis of Miako japa1622 Fugiscima, fr D. japa1637 Gonzales, fr A. japa1632 Gutierrez, fr R. B. japa1613 Hachikan, Joaquin japa1633 Ibanez, fr D. japa1632 Ixida SJ, fr A. japa1597 Karasumaru, Leo japa1622 Kimura SJ, fr S. japa1619 Kimura, fr L. japa1597 Kisai, fr J. japa1633 Kohioye, fr M. japa1633 Kurobioye, M. japa1627 Kwon, Vincent japa1616 Lawrence japa1637 Lazzaro di Kyoto japa1616 Lewis japa1612 Lucas of Tokyo japa1617 Macaido, fr J. B. japa1634 Maddalena of Nagasaki japa1634 Marina di Omura japa1597 Miki SJ, fr Paul japa1628 Nagascima SJ, br M. japa1634 Nishi, fr T.H.R. japa1622 Novarra, fr P. P. japa1622 Ota, fr A. japa1626 Pacheco, fr F. japa1626 Rinscei, P. japa1642 Rubino, fr japa1637 Ruiz, L. japa1626 Sadamatzu, G. japa1622 Sandaju, fr P. O. japa1637 Schiwozuka, fr V. japa1714 Sidotti, abbot G. B. japa1622 Spinola SJ, fr C. japa1600 Tadaoki, Gracia japa1616 Thomas japa1633 Tomonaga OP, fr J. K. G. japa1626 Tozo, M. japa1627 Tsuji, fr T. japa1634 Vieira, fr S. japa1616 Vincent japa1623 Yempo, br Simon japa1600 Yukinaga, general Konishi japa1626 Zola, fr J. B. japa1622 Zumarraga OP, fr japa451 Nestorius, patriarch jord
1934 Poliansky, abp Ambrose kaza1998 Andeni, fr L. keny1991 Bethea, Lynda keny1952 Gacigi, G. keny1952 Gacigi, R. keny
1953 Gikonyo, E. keny1953 Kaguru, A. keny2000 Kaiser, fr A. keny1992 Kariuki, pastor H. keny1883 Koi, David keny1953 Maina, E. keny1992 Maniafo, S.J. keny1952 Mungai, J. keny1952 Muriuki, W. keny1934 Odongo, Alfayo keny1989 Reinkemeyer, sr A. keny1990 Stumpf, H. keny1997 Timmons, br L. keny1952 Wancegi, Mary keny1942 Sadd, A. kiri1996 Her, Ah laos1934 Pommer, John, abp of Riga latv1830 Asad es Shidiak leba1860 Billottet SJ, fr E. leba1860 Bonacina, br F. leba1985 Kluiters, fr N. leba1860 Mabeiche, br A. H. leba1860 Maksoud, br H. leba1987 Massé SJ, fr André leba304 Nilus, bp leba254 Origen leba304 Peleus, bp leba
1992 Robinson, W. leba1830 Shidiak, Asaad leba1860 Younes, br E. leba
c1970 Brown, bp D. libe1992 Fallah, pastor J. libe1992 Jackson, J. libe1992 Jackson, T. & J. libe1992 Kolmer, sr J. libe1992 Kolmer, sr S. libe1993 Korfeh, pastor T. libe1992 McGuire, sr K. libe1992 Mueller, sr S. libe1992 Muttra, sr B.A. libe1992 Saah, pastor D. libe1986 Senter, L. & R. libe1986 Senter, R. libe1989 Vassallo, sr Emanuela liby1347 Antoniy lith1946 Borisevicius, V., bp of Telsiai lith1009 Bruno, bp of Querfurt lith1347 Evastafiy lith1347 Ioann lith1980 Jaugelis, fr V. lith1981 Laurinavicius, fr B. lith1941 Litaunieks, fr V. lith1962 Matulionis, bp of Kaisiadorys lith1981 Mazeika, fr L. lith1940 Mazeika, L. lith1996 Ramanauskas, fr V. lith1959 Ramanauskas, P., bp of Telsiai lith1953 Reinys, M., abp of Vilnius lith1980 Sapoka, fr L. lith1975 Tamonis, M. lith1346 John the Blind luxe1896 Berthieu SJ, fr J. mada1988 de Boisseson, fr J. mada1998 Hubscher, fr M. mada1834 Rainitsiandavaka mada1988 Ramaralahy, br I. mada1837 Rasalama mada1984 Roy, fr mada1985 Sorgon OCD, fr S. mada1915 Chilembwe, John mala1983 Chiwanga mala1983 Gadama mala1983 Matenje mala1926 Nyirenda, Tomo mala1979 Sangaya, J. mala1704 Alverez, fr R. mexi1684 Beltran, fr M. mexi1686 Benitez, fr E. mexi1986 Brennes, J. mexi1541 Calero, br J. mexi1734 Carranco, fr L. mexi1998 Carreno, fr M. O. mexi1997 Collazo, S. mexi1564 Cossin, fr B. mexi1684 Custodio, fr F. mexi1567 de Acevedo, fr P. mexi1606 de Altamirano, fr M. mexi1585 de Ayala, fr A. mexi1773 de Bernave, fr J.C.G. mexi1567 de Burgos, fr P. mexi1541 de Cuellar, fr A. mexi1567 de Herrera, br J. mexi1586 de la Puebla, fr A. mexi1928 de la Vega, fr J. mexi1616 de Santarn, fr H. mexi1564 de Tapia, fr J. mexi1616 de Tovar, fr H. mexi1582 de Villalobos, fr L. mexi1586 del Rio, fr J. mexi1624 Delgado, fr D. mexi1994 Diaz, Veronica J. mexi1567 Donzel, fr F. mexi1986 Figaroa, N.M. mexi1986 Flores, Ernesto mexi2000 Gaytan, rev J. mexi1585 Gil, fr F. mexi1995 Gomez Ramos, pastor A. mexi1778 Guillen, fr F. mexi1616 Gutierrez, fr P. mexi
1624 Henriquez, br J. mexi1995 Hernandez Perez, pastor G. mexi1997 Hernandez, M. mexi1974 Hernandez, M. Gomez mexi1704 Hevia, fr D. mexi1811 Hidalgo y Costilla, fr M. mexi1560 Juan, br mexi1645 Labado, fr F. mexi1560 Lorenzo, fr F. mexi1564 Lucas, br mexi1928 Martinez, br H. mexi1647 Montero, fr F. mexi1815 Morelos y Pavon, fr J. M. mexi1986 Moreno, Norma mexi1684 Muros, fr mexi1993 Ocampo, cardinal Juan J.J.P. mexi1928 Perez, fr P. mexi1997 Perez, M. mexi1985 Philpot, J. mexi1993 Posadas, cardinal J.J. mexi1927 Pro Juarez, fr M. mexi1997 Ramos SJ, fr W. G. mexi1847 Rey SJ, fr A. mexi1997 Ruiz, pastor N. H. mexi1580 Serrato, fr J. mexi1734 Tamaral, fr N. mexi1649 Trevino de Sobremonte, T. mexi1880 Westrup, J. O. mexi1645 Zigarran, fr T. mexi1731 Contova SJ, fr Juan Antonio micr1995 Petcu, A. mold1220 Accursio moro1227 Agnello moro1220 Aiuto moro1220 Berard moro298 Cassian moro
1227 Domno moro1227 Hugolino moro1631 John of Prado moro1227 Leo moro298 Marcellus the Centurion moro
1227 Nicholas moro1220 Otho moro1220 Peter moro1227 Samuel moro1989 Bortolotti, fr F. moza1989 Campanella, fr C. moza1991 Cristovao, fr M.J. moza1985 Dalle Pezze, sr T.P. moza1989 de Rocha, fr A. moza1992 Fiorini, fr Alfredo moza1990 Gagnaux, dr R. moza1985 Goncalves Kamtedza SJ, fr J. moza1992 Goncalves, sr M.L. Granado moza1972 Manganhela, Z. moza1985 Moreira SJ, fr S. moza1989 Saltori, fr O. moza1972 Sidumo, J. moza1984 Torboli, fr S. moza1945 Akya Nai, pastor myan1662 Chu Tsu-hsuan, emperor myan1945 Devine, H. myan1745 Gallizia, bp myan1693 Genoud, fr myan1983 Gideon, dr myan1693 Joret, fr myan1950 Maxville, Selma M. myan1756 Nerini, fr myan1852 U, fr Moses Nya myan
c1990 Wi-Foo myan1958 Dapcha, Lama David nepa1997 Gafney SJ, fr T. nepa1970 Lamichami, Krishna nepa1988 Paisai, G. nepa754 Boniface (Winfrith), bp neth
1529 Denck, H. neth754 Eoban, bp neth
1942 Hoeben, H. neth1567 Hoorn, count neth1536 Hutter, J. neth856 Jeron neth
1567 Lamoral of Egmont neth1527 Manz, F. neth1619 Oldenbarnevelt, J. van neth1569 Pietersz, Pieter neth726 Werenfrid neth
c1600 Willems, D. neth1847 Marmoiton, br newc1989 Tjibaou, Jean-Marie newc1989 Yeiwene Yeiwene newc1865 Volkner, Carl S. newz
c1982 Athers, Lester nica1986 Castilblanco, N.A. nica1989 Corniall, sr Maurice nica1990 Courtney, sr M. nica1550 de Valdivieso, bp A. nica1974 Hernandez, pastor nica1989 Rosales, sr Teresa nica1982 Smith, E. nica1983 Vargas, pastor N. nica2000 Bello, fr C.O. nige1995 Iloputaife, bp H. A. nige1997 Isidi, rev N. nige1991 Mohammed, br nige2000 Ogbu, fr J.M.O. nige1995 Saro-Wiwa, K. nige1950 Brennan, bp P. T. nork1950 Byrne, bp P. J. nork1950 Chang MM, sr Agneta nork
1944 Choo Kee Chul, pastor norkc1990 Kim, pastor nork1950 Son Yang Won, pastor nork1950 Sung Du, fr nork1950 Tong-Sin, fr nork1866 Yu, fr P. Chong-ryul nork1043 Hallvard Vebjornssen norw1030 Olav II Haraldsson, king norw1998 Alam, pastor Noor paki1999 Bhatti, Sabir John paki1988 Dias OFM, fr C. paki1992 Iqbal, Tahir paki1960 John, evangelist Esther paki1997 Marcellina, sr A. T. S. paki1995 Masih, Iqbal paki1995 Masih, Javed paki1994 Masih, Manzoor paki2000 Sequeira, sr C. paki1988 Tarzwell, John paki1987 Wahid paki1988 Wojcickowski, sr S. pakic260 Alexander pale209 Elias & companions pale
c350 Eudoxius & companions pale419 Eustochium pale303 George, megalomartyr pale
c350 Gordius pale1995 Grassi, br B. pale
44 James Boanerges, Apostle pale62 James the Just, bp of Jerus pale54 James the Less, Apostle pale33 Jesus pale
c260 Malchus pale262 Marinus pale310 Pamphilus pale209 Pamphilus pale130 Papius pale
1972 Pate, Mavis pale309 Paul of Jamnia pale
c260 Piscus pale309 Porphyrius pale303 Procopius pale309 Seleucus pale
1979 Shorrosh, A. pale36 Stephen the Deacon pale
108 Symeon, bp of Jerusalem pale309 Theodulus pale309 Valens pale
1998 Chocho, Alber pana1648 de Oviedo, fr A. pana1642 de San Antonio, fr J. pana1974 Reimer, G. pana1989 Van Kleef CM, fr N. pana1901 Chalmers, pastor J. papu1985 Chappell, R. papu1855 Mazzuconi, fr G. papu1942 Redlich, V. papu1952 Selanuok papu1942 Tapiedi, Lucian papu1901 Tomkins, pastor O. papu1628 Alonso Rodriguez SJ para1998 Boumans SVD, fr G. para1536 de Almasia, J. para1628 Gonzalez SJ, fr Roque para1628 Juan del Castillo SJ para1645 Romero, fr P. para1997 Badiali, rev D. peru1985 Calderon, Z.S. peru1991 Casaverde, C. peru1991 Chuquin, J. peru1974 de Alencar, F.T. peru1991 Gutierrez, L. peru
c1985 Ludena, T. peru1991 McCormack, sr Irene peru1994 Nieto, F. A. E. peru1985 Rojas, C.M. peru1991 Sarmiento, M. peru1992 Saune, R. peru1983 Sawyer, sr Joan peru1991 Strzalkowski, fr Z. peru1991 Tattersall, N. peru1991 Tomaszek OFM, fr M. peru1541 Valverde OP, bp V. peru1991 Vargas, C. peru1999 Abadiano, Ted phil1992 Al-Hari, A. phil1989 Ayap, pastor A. phil1992 Bacabis, G. phil1996 Bagtasos III, pastor S. phil1985 Beling, fr M. phil1872 Burgos, fr Jose phil1976 Calvan, pastor R. phil1996 Camacho, H. phil1991 Capasilan, A. phil1992 Carzedda, fr S. phil1992 Celiz, Romeo phil1997 de Jesus, bp B. phil1840 de la Cruz, Apolinario phil1988 Estorba, fr M. phil1985 Favali, fr T. phil
c1995 Finnemann, bp W. phil2000 Gallardo, fr R. phil1991 Goldsworthy, K. phil1872 Gomez, fr Mariano phil1989 Gran, Lovello phil1989 Gran, pastor Vizminda phil1942 Gray, R. F. phil1992 Hamill, J. phil1996 Hapalla, J. phil
262 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY
MARTYROLOGY 263
Table 4–13 continued
Continued overleaf
1992 Hapalla, pastor Gregorio phil2000 Inocencio, fr B. phil1992 Juliet phil
c1985 Lavina, J. phil1989 Malalay, fr D. phil1601 Marin, fr Esteban phil1943 Meyer, F. & 11 missionaries phil1997 Rio, pastor W. phil1989 Rivera, Rufino phil1896 Rizal, Jose phil1985 Romano, fr R. phil1985 Romero, fr A. phil1984 Roxas, S. phil1989 Ruelo, pastor Z. phil1988 Schmitz, CP, fr Carl phil1997 Selorio, pastor E. phil1991 Sigridsson, S. phil1995 Solan, Joel phil1991 Speers, J. phil1988 Stockton, Ann phil1985 Valerio, fr N. phil1972 Williams, N. phil1872 Zamora, fr Jacinto phil1003 Benedict of Benevento pola1757 Faulhaber, fr A. pola1941 Kolbe OFM, fr Maximilian pola
c1942 Kowalski, J., primate pola1984 Popieluszko, fr J. pola1985 Poplawski, fr P. pola1940 Skobtsova, mother M. pola1079 Stanislas, bp of Cracow pola1942 Stein, Edith pola1942 Stein, Rosa pola1940 Urban SJ, fr J. pola
c1975 Wallenburg, Raoul pola1761 Malagrida, fr G. port1996 Loperena Soto OP, fr W. puer1996 Soto OP, fr W. L. puer1948 Aftemie, bp roma1714 Brankoveanu, prince Constant roma1981 Clipa, I. roma1954 Durkovici, bp A. roma303 Efrem, bp of Tomis roma
1948 Frentiu, bp roma1954 Ghika, fr V. roma1970 Hossu, bp J. roma1981 Kernweisz, bp K. romac370 Nicetas roma1795 Oprea, Miclaus, monk roma1954 Pacha, bp roma
c1650 Romanul, Ioan Valahul roma1849 Roth, pastor S. L. roma372 Sabas the Goth roma
1795 Sarai, Visarion, monk roma1954 Scheffler, bp roma1975 Simescu, br roma1795 Sofronie of Cioara, monk roma1334 Stephen of Gross-Wardein roma1948 Suciu, bp roma1981 Teodosiu, S. roma1975 Zecianu, br roma1936 Abrikosov, mother C. russ997 Adalbert, bp of Prague russ
1932 Afanassy, bp of Stavobelsk russ1970 Afonin, I.A. russ1720 Alexander the Deacon russ1932 Alexander, abp russ1938 Alexey, bp of Petrograd russ1771 Ambrose, abp of Krutitsy russ1934 Ambrose, bp of Podolsk russ1918 Ambrose, bp of Seroapulsk russ1918 Ambrose, fr russ1938 Anatole, metrop of Odessa russ1918 Andronick, abp of Perm russ1932 Antony, bp of Archangel russ1921 Archangelsky, pastor T. russ1935 Arseny, abp of Serpuhov russ1936 Arseny, metrop of Novgorod russ1977 Avdeyev, M.V. russ1682 Avvakum Petrovich, archpriest russ1980 Bakholdin, S. russ1936 Bartholomew, bp russ1918 Benjamin, fr russ1922 Benjamin, metrop of Petrograd russ1970 Bergemann, F. russ1975 Biblenko, I.V. russ1015 Boris & Gleb russ1923 Budkiewicz, C., vicar russ1918 Chernikh, S. russ1936 Cyril, metropolitan of Kazan russ1771 Damascenus russ1976 Deinega, N.Y. russ1918 Dimitri, pastor russ1936 Dimitry, abp of Gdovsk russ1922 Dobrolubov, pastor russ1918 Dovganav, P. russ1970 Druck, V. russ1985 Durksen, Y. russ1918 Efrem, bp of Selenginsk russ1918 Elizabeth, grand duchess russ1682 Epifanii, monk russ1935 Fedorov, exarch L. russ1922 Friazinov, pastor russ1921 Frolov, pastor J. russ1997 Gadzhiyev, G. russ1997 Gadzhiyev, Tatiana russ1015 Gleb russ1970 Golev, S.T. russ1919 Herman, bp of Kamychen russ
1918 Hermogen, abp of Tobolsk russc1925 Ierofey, bp of Veliki-Ustinsk russ1954 Indus, Artur russ1689 Iosif, hermit, & monks russ1918 Irinarkh, fr russ1918 Israel, monk russ1918 Issidor, bp of Mikhailov russ1714 Ivanov, Thomas russ1977 Ivanova, R. russ1919 Joachim, abp of Nizhni-Novgo russ1938 Joseph, metro of Petrograd russ1920 Justin, abp of Omsk russ1938 Juvenal, abp of Riazan russ1964 Khmara, N. russ1982 Khrapov, N.P. russ1917 Kochurov, fr I. russ1979 Krasnova, T.K. russ1964 Kucherenko russ1999 Kulakov, pastor A. russ1918 Kuntsevich, L. russ1990 Lasar, fr Hegumen russ1919 Lavrenty, bp of Balakhna russ1918 Leonty, bp of Enotaev russ1918 Longin, pastor russ1997 Magomedov, H & T. russ1918 Makarov, M. russ1944 Makary, abp russ1919 Makary, bp of Viazma russ
c1700 Markel, br russ1972 Melnikov russ1990 Menn, fr Alexander russ1921 Methody, bp of Petropavlovsk russ1989 Mien, fr Alexander russ1918 Miniatov, lawyer russ1918 Mitrophan, abp of Astrakhan russ1918 Modest, fr russ1974 Moiseyevich, pastor I. russ1918 Mokovsky, pastor G. & wife russ
c1682 Morozova, Boyarina russ1921 Moslovsky, pastor J. russ1922 Nadezhdin, pastor russ
c1938 Nikandr, metrop of Odessa russ1919 Nikodim, bp of Belgorod russ1961 Nikolai, metrop of Krutitsy russ1938 Nikon (Lebedev), bp russ1938 Nikon, bp of Belgorod russ1918 Nizza, L. russ1922 Orlov, pastor russ1918 Ornatsky, fr F. russ1974 Ostapenko, pastor I.M. russ1929 Peter, abp of Voronezh russ1936 Peter, metropolitan of Krutitsy russ1922 Philaret, bp of Kostroma russ1934 Philip, abp russ1567 Philip, metropolitan of Moscow russ1919 Pimen, bp of Verny russ1938 Pitirim, abp russ1918 Polotnikov, abp of Petrograd russ1918 Pospelov, abp G. russ1682 Pustosviat, Nikita russ1918 Radion, fr russ1918 Riabuhin, pastor J. russ1974 Rozanov, N. russ1922 Rybalkin, monk Fyodor russ1921 Sarichov, pastor S. russ1978 Sedletsky, V. russ1938 Seraphim, bp russ1932 Seraphim, metro of Petrograd russ1929 Serge, bp of Efremov russ1922 Shein, S. russ1980 Shelkov, V. A. russ1921 Simon, bp of Ufa russ1918 Skipetrov, fr A. russ1922 Sokolov, pastor russ1861 Sokolskij, abp J. russ1918 Stavrovsky, fr A. russ1922 Telegin, A. russ1918 Theodot russ1918 Theophan, bp of Solikamsk russ1919 Tikhon, abp of Voronezh russ1925 Tikhon, patriarch russ1919 Varsonoufy, bp of Kirillov russ
c1968 Vasilyevna, M. russ1918 Veraskin, abp A. russ1922 Vishniakov, pastor russ1943 Voronaev, I. E. russ1918 Vostorgov, fr J. russ1920 Weinberg, Judith russ1972 Yagozinsky, S. russ
c1930 Yemelyanov, fr P. russ1995 Yi, C.H. russ1995 Yi, K. W. russ1971 Zakharov russ1922 Zaozersky, pastor russ1998 Benimana, sr F. rwan1997 Bosmans, Sr M. rwan1998 Curic, fr V. rwan1998 Gasigwa, sr E. rwan1994 Gatwa, T. rwan1997 Habakurama, rev I. rwan1994 Havugimana, evangelist I rwan1998 Kagabo, fr B. rwan1962 Kanamuzeyi, pastor Yona rwan1994 Karuhije, dean A. rwan1992 Locatelli, A. rwan1998 Mukagakwaya, sr X. rwan1998 Mukamuhire, sr B. rwan1998 Mukanoheli, sr V. rwan1996 Mukeshimana, sr A. rwan
1996 Ngwije, fr A. K. rwan1996 Nikwigize, bp P. rwan1994 Nsengiyumva, abp V. rwan1994 Nsengiyumva, bp T. rwan1997 Pinard WF, fr Guy rwan1992 Poppa, sr R. rwan1997 Ruterahagusha, pastor T. rwan1997 Ruterahagusha, T. rwan1994 Rutumbu, fr J. rwan1994 Ruzindana, bp J. rwan1998 Rwangeyo, sr D. rwan2000 Uzcudum, fr I. rwan1998 Wimana, sr C. rwan1997 Yirirwahandi, rev P. rwan1996 Zubiri, sr Carmen rwan467 Azquir saud
1997 Beltran, A. saud1148 Ernest, abbot of Zwiefalten saud1997 Janda, R. saud1992 Mal-Allah, S.A.K. saud1952 Gnidovec, dean serb1999 Aloysius, sr M. sier1999 Carmeline, sr sier1999 Hindu, sr sier1999 Sweva, sr sier1960 Gojdic, bp Pavol slok1740 Koman, pastor D. slov304 Victorinus, bp of Pettau slov
1942 Duhamel, fr A. C. solo1846 Epalle SM, bp solo1942 Hennessey, J. G. solo1871 Patteson, bp J. C. solo1989 Colombo OFM, bp P.S. soma1995 Fumagalli, Graziella soma1995 Goobe, A. soma1962 Grove, M. soma1996 Haaji, professor soma1996 Huseen, professor H. M. soma
c1995 Katoolig, C. soma1994 Liibaan, Ibrahim soma
c1995 Mahamed, S. somac1995 Sheekhdoon, M. somac1968 Sheikow, Musa soma1991 Turati OFM, fr P. soma1999 Umbarger, Deena M. soma1977 Biko, Steve soua1994 Heyns, moderator Johan soua1990 Magorrian, H.L. soua1996 Makaboge, moderator E. soua1996 Mataboge, rev E. soua1992 Mbatha, S’Khumbuzo soua1983 Muothe, I.T. soua1995 O’Neill, fr E. soua1999 Peleman, fr A. soua1998 Schreck, sr M. soua1990 Stanton, fr N. soua1992 Tsotetsi, Saul soua1989 Webster, David soua1993 Zuma, Isaac soua1993 Zuma, Thandi soua1866 Berneux, bp S.-F. souk1839 Chastan, fr J. H. souk1866 Cho, Peter souk1801 Chu, fr James souk1801 Chung, Augustine souk1866 Daveluy, bp M. A. N. souk1954 Eunak, K. souk1801 Hwang, S. C. souk1839 Imbert, bp Laurence souk1983 Ki-Yoon, pastor I. souk1846 Kim Tai Kun, fr Andrew souk1839 Kim, Agatha souk1866 Lee, John souk1942 Lee, pastor Kipoong souk1839 Maubant, fr P. souk1987 Park, Jong Ch’ol souk1839 Ri, J. souk1866 Thomas, R. J. souk1801 Wan-Suk, Columba souk1795 Wenmo, fr J. Z. souk1791 Yun, Paul souk825 Adulfus & John spai
1936 Arbona, fr B. spai1934 Arconada, fr J. B. spai931 Argentea spai
1936 Artigues, fr R. spai1936 Audi, fr F. spai850 Aurea spai852 Aurelius spai
1936 Baste, fr N. spai1936 Boguna, fr L. spai1936 Bori, fr P. spai1936 Carbonell, fr C. spai1936 Carrio, fr A. spai853 Columba of Cordoba spai
1936 Corral, fr O. spai1936 Darder, E. spai1570 de Azevedo SJ, fr I. spai1397 de Cetina, J. spai1397 de Duenas, P. spai1936 de Velasco, fr I. spai304 Eulalia of Merida spai859 Eulogius of Cordoba spai852 Fandila of Cordoba spai
1936 Ferreres, fr J. B. spai851 Flora of Cordoba spai259 Fructuosus, bp of Tarragona spai
1936 Garcia Villada SJ, fr Z. spai1936 Gelabert, P. spai
850 George of Cordoba spai1936 Gonzalez, fr E. spai1936 Grimaltos, R. spai585 Hermenegild of Spain spai851 Isaac, monk spai
1936 Isla, fr L. spai1936 Jimenez Malla, Ceferino spai825 John of Cordoba spai
1478 John of Sahagun spai859 Leocritia spai
1936 Llatje, fr J. spai1936 Luque, fr E. spai1936 Malla, C. J. spai1936 Martinez, fr B. spai1934 Martinez, fr E. spai851 Mary of Cordoba spai
1936 Mayorga, fr M. spai1578 Miguel de Medina spai852 Natalia spai
1936 Payan, fr A. spai850 Perfectus of Cordoba spai
1936 Peypoch, fr E. spai853 Pomposa spai386 Priscillian, bp spai
1936 Rovira, fr J. spai1936 Sales, V. spai1936 Sanchez, fr J. spai851 Sanctius of Cordoba spai
1936 Santaella, fr M. spai1936 Simon, fr A. spai1936 Sitjar, fr T. spai1936 Tarrats, J. spai1936 Tena, fr R. spai
c65 Torquatus spai1936 Valenti, fr T. spai1936 Verges, fr J. spai304 Vincent of Saragossa spai931 Vulfura spai
1227 Daniel of Belvedere span1988 Chandra, fr F. sril1985 Jeyarajasingham, pastor G. sril1985 Manielpillai, fr M.B. sril1987 Rodrigo OMI, fr Miguel sril1998 Sritharan, pastor Vasu sril1963 Adwok, pastor G. suda1985 Arensen, J. suda1963 Debior, P. suda1998 Deng, A. Y. suda1964 Dwatuka, fr B. suda1885 Gordon, general C. G. suda1992 Kon, Paul suda1991 Lawi, Ezra suda1998 Malesh, pastor J. suda1990 Mamma, pr suda1967 Saturnino, fr suda1120 Botvid swed1150 Eric of Sweden swed
c1080 Eskil, bp swed1156 Henry, bp of Uppsala swed1028 Ulfrid swed287 Candidus swit287 Exuperantius swit287 Exuperius swit287 Felix swit
1622 Fidelis of Sigmaringen swit287 Maurice swit861 Meinrad of Einsiedeln, hermit swit287 Regula swit287 Urs swit287 Ursus of Solothurn swit287 Victor of Marseilles swit
c287 Victor of Solothurn swit926 Wiborada (Guiborat), recluse swit
1859 Ascanio OFM, fr N. syri315 Bacchus syri
1859 de Albera OFM, fr. N. M. syri1860 de Albera, fr M. M. syri1859 Fernandez, fr J. J. syri1258 Kitbuga, general syri1860 Kolland OFM, fr E. syric360 Leontius of Tripoli syri1860 Masi, Francis syri1860 Masi, Muti syri1860 Masi, Raphael syri
c1180 Michael of Damietta syri1860 Pinzano OFM, Francis syri1860 Ruiz OFM, fr Emmanuel syri315 Sergius & Bacchus syri304 Silvanus syri
1859 Soler, fr P. syric900 Thomas, bp of Damascus syric750 Vahan of Goghtn syri1860 Volta OFM, fr. C. syri1662 Hambroek, A. taiw1973 Hopewell, Gladys taiw1994 Limar, br taji1996 Schiavo, fr G. tanz1981 Fietje, K. thai1569 Jerome de la Croix thai1868 Noi Sunya thai1869 Non Chai, abbot thai1569 Sebastian Cantu thai1941 Sri-Phong, catechist P. thai1887 Moran, fr J. togo1516 Botello OP, Diego trin1516 de Salcedo OP, fr F trinc255 Agapius, bp tuni1460 Antony of Rivoli (Tunis) tuni413 Apringius, proconsul tuni
180 Aquilinus tuni259 Augurius tuni180 Cittinus tuni258 Cyprian, bp of Carthage tuni304 Dativus tuni484 Dionysia tuni180 Donata tuni304 Donatilla tuni347 Donatus, bp of Bagai tuni259 Eulogius tuni202 Felicitas tuni180 Felix tuni303 Felix of Thibiuca tuni259 Flavian tuni180 Generosa tuni347 Isaac tuni259 James of Cirta tuni180 Januaria tuni180 Laetantius tuni180 Lucitas tuni259 Lucius tuni484 Majoricus tuni413 Marcellinus Flavius, tribune tuni347 Marculus, bp of S. Numidia tuni259 Marian tuni259 Marianus tuni304 Maxima tuni347 Maximian tuni180 Miggin tuni259 Montanus tuni180 Namphano tuni180 Nartzalus tuni202 Perpetua tuni
c258 Quadratus, bp tuni259 Quartillosia tuni259 Renus tuni202 Revocatus tuni180 Sanam tuni202 Saturninus tuni202 Saturus tuni180 Secunda tuni304 Secunda tuni484 Servus tuni180 Speratus tuni180 Vestia tuni180 Veturius tuni484 Victorian tuni
c260 Leontius the Ascetic turcc260 Paregorius turc251 Achatius, bp turk304 Adrian & Natalia turk
c170 Agathonice turk284 Alexander & Asterius turk628 Anastasius the Persian turk295 Anthimus, bp of Nicomedia turk91 Antipas turk
284 Asterius turk112 Babai turk251 Babylas, patriarch of Antioch turk304 Barlaam of Antioch turk112 Barsamya turk
c300 Callinicus turkc170 Carpus, bp turk249 Christopher turk
1923 Chrysostomos, met of Smyrna turkc260 Conon turkc300 Cosmas & Damian turk
110 Crescentius turkc260 Cyril turk1638 Cyril I Lukaris, ecu patriarch turk1638 Cyril II Kontaris, ecu patriarch turkc300 Damian turkc300 Diomed turk313 Dorothy turk303 Euphemia turk379 Eusebius, bp of Samosata turk834 Euthymius, metrop of Sardes turk64 Evodius, bp of Antioch turk
252 Fabius, bp of Antioch turk156 Felicitus Alexander turk165 Felicity turk449 Flavian, patriarch turk303 Genesius the Actor turk156 Germanicus turk729 Germanus, ecu patriarch turk
1707 Gomidas, fr K. turk1979 Goodman, Dave turk1317 Gregorios, Mar, bp turk1822 Gregory V, ecu patriarch turk309 Habib the Deacon turk
1998 Haviaropoulos, V. turk304 Hermes turk297 Hipparchus turk284 Irene turk
1096 John (Said bar Sabhuni), bp turk407 John Chrysostom, patriarch turk
c860 John VII Grammaticus, patr turk95 John, Apostle turk
1802 Lazarus the Bulgar turkc580 Licinianus, bp of Carthage turk1896 Lilli OFM, fr Salvatore turk312 Lucian of Antioch turk511 Macedonius II, patriarch turk274 Mamas turk278 Marina turk
64 Matthias, Apostle turk311 Methodius, bp of Olympus turk304 Natalia of Nicomedia turk250 Nestor, bp of Perga turk
1997 Ozdemir, Ali turkc1898 Papizian, archimandrite J. turkc170 Papylus turk351 Paul, patriarch turk
c300 Pelagia turk304 Philip bp of Heraclea turk60 Philip, Apostle turk
297 Philotheus of Antioch turk250 Pionius turk156 Polycarp, bp of Smyrna turk304 Severus turk309 Shamona turk112 Sharbil turk764 Stephen the Younger, abbot turk
c300 Taragus & companions turk284 Thalelaeus turk
c125 Thalelaeus turkc50 Thecla turk
c725 Theodosia turk97 Timothy, bp turk
c310 Tyrannio, bp of Tyre turk1554 Yuhanna Sulaqa, catholicos turk304 Zenobius turk
2000 Akullu, G. ugan2000 Akweyo, sr D. ugan1979 Annanias, fr O. ugan2000 Asienzo, sr P. ugan1886 Badzekuketta, A. ugan1886 Banabakintu, Luke ugan1984 Bazira, pastor G. ugan1988 Beebwa, sr M.T. ugan1990 Biscaro, fr Egidio ugan1886 Buzabaliawo, James ugan1979 Dalmajo, fr S. ugan2000 di Bari, fr R. ugan1989 Ejeru, pastor Joseph ugan1979 Fiorantie, fr A. ugan1886 Gonza, Gonzaga ugan1886 Gyavira ugan1885 Hannington, bp James ugan1886 Kaggwa, Andrew ugan1973 Kagwa, M. ugan1886 Kalemba, Matthias ugan1886 Kibuka, Ambrose ugan1973 Kiggundu, fr C. ugan1886 Kiriggwajjo, Anatole ugan1886 Kiriwawanvu, Mukasa ugan1886 Kiwanuka, Achilles ugan1972 Kiwanuka, justice Benedicto ugan1886 Kizito ugan1886 Ludigo, Adolphus Mukasa ugan1977 Luwum, abp Janani ugan1886 Lwanga, Charles ugan1886 Mawaggali, Noe ugan1886 Mugagga ugan1885 Mukasa, Joseph ugan1973 Mukhana, J. ugan1976 Musaka, fr ugan1887 Muzeyi, Jean-Marie ugan1886 Ngondwe, Pontian ugan1988 Oido, fr C.O. ugan1988 Okagric, br A. ugan1897 Pilkington, G. L. ugan1979 Santi, fr G. ugan1886 Sebuggwawo, Denis ugan1886 Serunkuma, Bruno ugan1973 Serwanika, J. ugan1988 Spil MHM, fr C. ugan1886 Tuzinde, Mbaga ugan1979 Wasikye, John, bp of Mbale ugan1986 Wilson, evangelist John E.H. ugan1991 You WF, fr Alexander ugan1932 Agapit, abp of Ekaterinoslav ukra1918 Basil, abp of Chernigov ukra1937 Boretsky, M., metropolitan ukra1927 Bretzkiy, bp N. ukra
99 Clement, bp of Rome ukra1935 Damaskin, bp of Gluhov ukra1980 Gurgula, fr A. ukra1948 Halan, Y. ukra
c1970 Hmara of Kulunda ukra1979 Kalienuk, fr Z.A. ukra1959 Kherie, bp A. ukra1944 Kocylowskyj, bp ukra1948 Kostelnyk, fr H. ukra1980 Kotyk, fr Y. ukra1975 Lutsky, fr M. ukra1938 Lypkivsky, V., metropolitan ukrac650 Martin I, pope ukra1936 Pavlivsky, I., metropolitan ukra1984 Potochnyak, fr A. ukra1947 Romza, bp T. ukra1982 Terelya, B.M. ukra1918 Vladimir, metropolitan of Kiev ukra1758 Aberin, fr J. S. usa1704 Anixa, A. usa1704 Arraiyo, fr J. P. usa1736 Aulneau, fr J. P. usa1672 Avila y Ayala, fr P. usa1781 Barreneche, fr J. A. usa1872 Bassost, fr F. usa
1680 Bernal, fr J. usa1999 Bernall, Cassie usa1858 Braeuninger, M. usa1859 Brown, John usa1974 Cabo, fr M. usa1689 Chefdeville, fr A. usa1964 Cheney, J. usa1963 Collins, Addie Mae usa1696 Corvera, fr F. usa1921 Coyle, J. E. usa1704 Criado, fr D. usa1736 d’Artiquette, P. usa1736 d’Esgly, F. M. usa1965 Daniels, J. usa1696 de Arbizu, fr J. usa1632 de Arvide, fr M. usa1597 de Auñon, fr M. usa1597 de Badajoz, fr A. usa1549 de Barbastro, fr L. C. usa1696 de Carbonel, fr A. usa1597 de Corpa, fr P. usa1736 de Coulonge, L. d’A. usa1992 de Dios, Manuel usa1680 de Espeleta, fr J. usa1680 de Figuero, fr J. usa1696 de Jesus Maria Casañas, fr F. usa1680 de Jesus, fr J. usa1553 de la Cruz, fr D. usa1542 de la Cruz, fr J. usa1680 de la Pedroso, fr J. usa1680 de la Ribourde, fr G. usa1834 de Leon, fr A. D. usa1680 de Lorenzana, fr F. usa1680 de Mdorales, fr L. usa1553 de Mena, fr J. usa1704 de Mendoza, fr M. usa1718 de Montesdoca, br L. usa1680 de Montesdoca, fr J. usa1680 de Mora, fr A. usa1726 de Oca, fr L. M. usa1631 de Ortega, fr P. usa1704 de Osorio, fr T. usa1542 de Padilla OFM, fr J. usa1704 de Parga, fr J. usa1549 de Pekalosa, fr D. usa1680 de Pro, fr A. S. usa1571 de Quiros, fr L. usa1597 de Rodriguez, fr B. usa1680 de Santa Maria, fr A. usa1581 de Santa Maria, fr J. usa1731 de Saraoz, fr D. usa1571 de Segura, fr J. B. usa1571 de Solis, fr G. usa1736 de St Agne, L. G. usa1706 de St Cosme, fr J. F. B. usa1680 de Talban, fr J. usa1758 de Terreros, fr A. G. usa1736 de Tonty, P. A. usa1680 de Torres, fr T. usa1680 de Trujillo, fr J. usa1542 de Ubeda, fr L. D. usa1680 de Velasco, fr F. usa1680 de Vera, fr D. usa1736 de Vincennes, F. M. B. usa1680 del Val, fr J. usa1706 Delhalle, fr C. usa1834 Diaz OFM, fr usa1781 Diaz, fr J. M. usa1729 du Poisson, fr P. usa1736 du Tisne, L. C. usa1662 Dyre, Mary usa1704 Feliciano, A. C. usa1553 Ferrer, fr J. usa1702 Foucault, fr N. usa1549 Fuentes, br usa1752 Ganzabal, fr J. F. usa1692 Garangouas, M. usa1781 Garces OFM, fr F. T. usa1730 Gaston, fr usa1571 Gomez, fr G. usa1692 Gonannhatenha, F. usa1964 Goodman usa1708 Gravier, fr J. usa1985 Hammes, W. usa1908 Heinrich, fr L. usa1643 Hutchinson, Anne usa1997 James, Jessica usa1796 Juvenal, hieromonk usa1968 King, Jr, pastor Martin Luther usa1689 Le Clercq, fr M. usa1632 Letrado, fr F. usa1990 Lewis, pastor N. usa1571 Linares, fr P. usa1968 Liuzzo, Viola usa1998 Loften, pastor A. usa1582 Lopez, fr F. usa1837 Lovejoy, Elijah P. usa1680 Maldonado, fr L. usa1566 Martinez SJ, fr P. usa1996 Mathias, mrs. C. usa1996 Mathias, pastor C. & wife usa1963 McNair, Denise usa1689 Membre, fr Z. usa1661 Menard, fr R. usa1553 Mendez, fr H. usa
1571 Mendez, fr J. B. usa1999 Miller, Carla usa1999 Miller, Jr., Shon usa1631 Miranda, fr P. usa1696 Moreno, fr A. usa1781 Moreno, fr J. M. usa1680 Naranjo, B. usa1680 Pio, fr J. B. usa1697 Plunkett, fr C. usa1704 Ponce de Leon, fr A. usa1633 Porras, fr F. usa1800 Prosser, Gabriel usa1812 Quintana, fr A. usa1571 Redondo, fr C. usa1680 Rendon, fr M. usa1963 Robertson, Carole usa1582 Rodriguez, fr A. usa1985 Rossiter, fr J. usa1985 Roth, F. usa1696 Sanchez, fr L. usa1758 Santiesteban, fr J. usa1999 Scott, Rachel usa1886 Seghers, abp C. J. usa1736 Senat SJ, fr A. usa1749 Silva, fr F. X. usa1844 Smith, Hyrum usa1844 Smith, Joseph usa1729 Souel, fr J. usa1997 Stegar, Kayce usa1856 Strang, James J. usa1690 Tegananokoa, S. usa1680 Tinoco, fr M. usa1999 Tomlin, John usa1933 Tourian, abp Leontius usa1831 Turner, Nat usa1597 Verascola, fr F. usa1817 Vesey, Denmark usa1963 Wesley, Cynthia usa1847 Whitman, M. & N. usa1847 Whitman, N. usa1571 Zeballos, fr S. usa1841 Chanel, fr P. M. vanu1839 Williams, John vanu1730 de Labrid, bp N. vene1998 Marrero, mgr A. G. vene1861 Almato OP, fr P. viet1645 André, catechist viet1968 Blood, H. viet1838 Bovie, fr P. D. viet1837 Cornay, fr J. C. viet1798 Dat, fr J. viet1838 Delgado, bp I. viet1838 Diem, V. viet1833 Gagelin, F.-I. viet1962 Gerber, D. viet1861 Hermosilla OP, bp H. viet
c1970 Heywood, J. viet1975 Hoang, pastor Van Dat viet1645 Ignace, catechist viet1838 Koa, P. viet1835 Marchand, fr J. viet1962 Mitchell, A. viet1975 Nguyen, Huy Mai viet1975 Nguyen, Van Hoa viet1950 Nguyen, pastor viet1861 Ochoa, bp V. B. viet1968 Olsen, Betty viet1950 Phan Long, pastor viet1950 Thien Thi, pastor viet1798 Trieu, fr E. viet1861 Venard, fr J. T. viet1645 Vincent, catechist viet1962 Vitti, A. viet1968 Wilting, Ruth viet523 Abraham yeme523 Abu-Afr, governor yeme
1998 Anetta, sr yeme523 Aretas yeme523 Elesbaan yeme523 Elias yeme523 Elija yeme523 Habsa yeme
1998 Lilia, sr yeme1998 Michaela, sr yeme523 Moses of Yemen yeme523 Sergios yeme
2000 Tirelli, sr F. zamb1561 da Silveira SJ, fr G. zimb1978 Dunaway, Jr., A.G. zimb1978 Evans, P. & S. zimb1978 Evans, S. zimb1978 Fisher, M. zimb1988 Knoerl, br K. zimb1978 Lynn, R. & J. & Pamela zimb1978 Lynn, J. zimb1978 Lynn, Pamela zimb1978 McCann, P. & S. & Joy zimb1978 McCann, Joy zimb1978 McCann, S. zimb1896 Mizeki, Bernard, catechist zimb1970 Nyabadza, fr B. zimb1978 Picken, C. zimb1976 Schmitt, bp A. zimb
Table 4–13 concluded
264 Part 4—MARTYROLOGY