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Marriage and Family. Identify Leach’s argument for what marriage can, but does not always, accomplish. Describe incest and exogamy. Differentiate between parallel and cross cousins, and how this distinction relates to exogamy in groups with Unilineal descent patterns. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Marriage and
Family
Unit Learning Objectives
Identify Leach’s argument for what marriage can, but does not always, accomplish.
Describe incest and exogamy. Differentiate between parallel and cross cousins, and how this
distinction relates to exogamy in groups with Unilineal descent patterns.
Identity endogamy and its role in socially stratified societies. Analyze how marriage functions as a form of group alliance and
identity the role of dowries and lobola. Identity types of plural marriages and the conditions that they
favor.
What is Marriage?
No definition is broad enough to apply (easily) to all societies and situations
Variation in who marriage unites
Besides the notion of ‘love’, what aspects of culture is marriage associated with?
What is Marriage?
Universal form or type of marriage does not exist
Primary functions are observed in all culture_______________________________
Evolved various systems to perform these functions
What is Marriage?Functions of Marriage
1. Marriage forms: _________________Provide for the material needs, social
support, and enculturation of children
_____________________
What is Marriage?Functions of Marriage 2. Marriage defines the _____________
___________________________________
Regulation of _____________________between the married couple and __________________
Allocation of _________________________
What is Marriage?Functions of Marriage
3. Marriage creates ___________________ Incest taboo
Establishment of trade relationships or political alliances
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
Exogamy 1. 2.
Incest: _________________________________________ How is ‘close relative’ defined? Is this
socially constructed?
Marriage: Comparative PerspectiveFocus: Cousins
Cross & Parallel CousinsCross: ______________
Opposite of______Parallel: ______________
Ego’s _____________
Sexual relations with ‘cousins’ influenced by unilineal descent
Example: ________________
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
Incest Avoidance Besides the biological component
Gene flow – exchange of genes between population boundaries, increases genetic diversity
What are the cultural factors?1.2.
‘Appreciating Anthropology’:‘Come Join My Band, Baby’
What are the cultural factors?1.2.
p258: “Recognition of _______________cooperation between neighboring bands.”
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
EndogamyRules requiring individuals to marry some
member of their own social group or category
_______________________________
Example: _________________________
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
Endogamy: Maintained in two main ways1. _______________________________
Affinal relationships kept within
Reinforcing ties within groups while decreasing interactions between the groups
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
Endogamy: Maintained in two main ways2. ______________________________
Symbolically expresses and strengthens the exclusiveness of group
Example: ___________________________
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
Marriage alliances :
Marriage establishes lasting social relationships and bondsBeyond the married couple:
______________________________________
Marriage: Comparative Perspective
1. Arranged marriages______________________________________
Importance of advantageous relationshipsRemember: Nanda’s article on an arranged
marriage in India
Marriage: Comparative Perspective 2. Levirate:
Usually a __________of deceased husbandRelations between the intermarried kin
groups are __________________
Marriage: Comparative Perspective 3. Sororate :
Her kin group is _______________________with another woman, for which no additional ________________________
Example - __________
Marriage Exchanges
Dowry :
Share of a woman’s inheritance that she takes into her marriage
Marriage Exchanges
Lobola:
Seen in patrilineal societies
Importance:
How Many Spouses?
Cultures vary on the number of spouses an individual is allowed to have at a time
Four possibilities Monogamy Polygyny Polyandry Group Marriage
Variations of polygamy (i.e. plural spouses)
Polygyny Form of marriage in which a man may
have more than one wife Benefits
1.2.
Polygyny
No single explanation for polygyny1.2.3.4.
Polyandry
Form of marriage in which a woman may have more than one husband
Documented in only about a dozen societies1.2.
Polyandry
Mostly observed in South Asia peoples1.2.
Required Reading: When Brothers Share a Wife