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Marius & Sulla. The Century of Civil War Begins. Review. Republic Expansion Spain, Africa Greece, Turkey as well Social & Economic Problems Gracchi Brothers’ Reforms Land Grain Italian citizenship Optimates vs. Populares. Gaius Marius. Consul 7 times – unprecedented - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Marius & SullaThe Century of Civil War Begins
Review
Republic ExpansionSpain, AfricaGreece, Turkey as well
Social & Economic Problems Gracchi Brothers’ Reforms
LandGrainItalian citizenship
Optimates vs. Populares
Gaius Marius Consul 7 times – unprecedented
107, 104, 103, 102, 101, 100, 86 BC Novus Homo Army Recruitment Reforms
No property requirementNo class restrictionLand & benefits
Army floods with poor people Unintended consequence Are his reforms socialist or
populist in nature?
Marius’s Military Achievements War with Jugurtha
NumidiaLucius Cornelius Sulla
Credit for capturing Jugurtha?
Cimbri & TeutonesMigrating German tribes105 BC – Arausio – 80,000 Romans102 BC – Aquae Sextiae101 BC – VercellaeSulla deserves some more credit…
The Social War
Marcus Livius Drusus’s reforms in 91Italian citizenshipAssassinatedItalians revolt
Marius & Sulla fight together until Marius retires for health reasons
Sulla finishes the war
1st Mithridatic War Mithridates invades Asia Province
Asiatic Vespers 88 BCThen invades Greece
Leadership DebateSenate picks Sulla; Assembly
bribed to pick MariusSulla marches on Rome with army;
Marius fleesSulla goes east vs. Mithridates
Meanwhile in Rome… Consuls are Octavius
(supporter of Sulla) and Cinna (fan of Marius)
Violence breaks out; Marius arrives with army
Octavius defeated; he and Sulla’s supporters killed off
Marius dies 17 days into his 7th consulship
Sulla’s Revenge Finishes the war with Mithridates & returns
to Rome War drags on between Sulla and
the supporters of Marius Battle of Colline Gate – 83 BC Sulla becomes sole ruler of Rome
Dictator in 82/81 BC – not during emergency!
ProscriptionsRetires