Marine Invertebrates(Part 2)

Molluscs Phylum Mollusca Numerous, diverse (200,000 species) Soft body covered by mantle (secretes calcium carbonate shell) Muscular foot – locomotion Some have radula – scraping teeth

http://www.jaxshells.org/rad2.jpghttp://www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula.jpg

Molluscs

Classes: Bivalvia (clams, mussels, oysters) Gastropoda (snails, slugs, pteropods) Cephalopoda (octopi, squid, cuttlefish) Polyplacophora (chitons) Scaphopoda (tusk shells)

Bivalves

http://www.manandmollusc.net/lesson_plan_anatomy_files/bivalve_anatomy_lab.htmlhttp://www.nationalpark-hamburgisches-wattenmeer.de/1ueber/images/galerie/1-5-3Mya%20arenaria%20-%20Sandklaffmuschel-4x6-300dpi.jpg

Anatomy

Bivalves

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG/800px-Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg/400px-Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg

Byssal threads

Long Island Bivalves

Stony Brook Univ.-Flax Pond Digital Library

Ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa)

Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

Razor clam (Ensis directus)Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

http://www.sportesport.it/images/Biology/Shells/Bivalvia/Mytilidae/mytilusEdulis.jpg

Hard shell clam / Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria)

Soft shell clam(Mya arenaria)

http://media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/63/12863-004-C2459C57.jpg

Bay scallop(Argopecten

irradians)

Bivalves

http://www.lisrc.uconn.edu/lis_uwtour/images/Grass/LIS_0301.jpg

Gastropods

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/hughes2001/acct/bmounmanivong/T629043A.gif

Anatomy

Long Island Gastropods

http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/szep/Littorina

Periwinkle (Littorina littorea)

Mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta)Slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata)

http://academics.smcvt.edu/dfacey/AquaticBiology/Coastal%20Images/Slipper%20Limpet.jpg

http://www.duke.edu/~jspippen/mollusca/knobbedwhelkeggs081106-2063obxz.jpg

http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/images/aknobbed.jpg

Knobbed whelk (Busycon carica)

Long Island Gastropods

http://static.flickr.com/55/143533735_7c7364be45.jpg?v=0

Northern moon snail (Lunatia heros)

Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea)

http://www.jaxshells.org/509j.jpg http://img263.imageshack.us/img263/6879/drillholexi4.jpg

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_LzKM5z0wSb4/Rv9qstHEkNI/AAAAAAAAAbg/vVpitbx7suI/s400/IMG_1837.JPG

Gastropods

http://eebweb.arizona.edu/collections/Fishes/Invertebrate%20Slide%20Photos/Invertebrate%20Photos/Abalone%201.jpg

http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozaugo4-600/flamingo.jpg

Gastropods – Nudibranchs, Pteropods

NOAA

Gastropods and Bivalves

http://people.bu.edu/veliger/http://oceanlink.island.net/abaloneproject/growthanddevelopment/growth%20and%20development.htm

http://score.dnr.sc.gov/ktmlpro10/images/uploads/oysterlifecycle.jpg?0.40941442132799155

Larval developmen

t

Cephalopods

http://www.narimadiving.com/LargeAssets/ReefInfoLargeAssets/Cuttlefish.jpg

NOAA

Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus

Cephalopods

http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Image32.gif

Anatomyhttp://scienceblogs.com/deepseanews/beak1.jpg

Cephalopods

Body evolved for active predation Use funnel for jet propulsion

http://www.squidblog.net/uploads/squid_jet_diagram.gifhttp://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2004/loligo_close_350.jpg

Cephalopods

Complex nervous system: Eyes Chromatophores

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/2063362784_62cb783803.jpg?v=1196017772

Cephalopods

http://www.mbl.edu/inside/what/news/features/feature_cuttlefish.html

Cuttlefish camouflage Sees contrast (dark/light), but not colors Patterns controlled by chromatophore cells

Cephalopods

Reproduction – Internal fertilization Yolk-filled eggs, no larval stage

http://www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2006/brooding-squid2-350.jpg

http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_enl_1134642780/img/1.jpg

Marine mammals & squid:

http://www.wanghome.net/Pictures/2004/040603_New_York_City/15_museum_of_natural_history_squid_sperm_whale_1024.JPG

http://squid.us/wp-content/uploads/archie.jpg

Cephalopods

Live giant and colossal squid:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/images/061222-giant-squid.jpg

Cephalopods

http://www.fish.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/836B96BF-12FE-417D-AB49-4B46B2DB8729/0/ColossalSquid.jpghttp://tepapa.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/arm-006.jpg

http://museumvictoria.com.au/treasures/Images/resources/mn013596_lg.jpg

Giant (up to 13m/43 ft)

Colossal (up to 14m/46 ft)→

Other deep water:

Cephalopods

http://www.mbari.org/data/info/grimpo.jpghttp://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html

Other unusual:

Cephalopods

http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-octopi-cephalopods-from-outer.html

Chitons, Scaphopods

http://clade.acnatsci.org/mussel/graphics/about/scaphopod.jpg

Arthropods

Phylum Arthropoda Numerous, diverse (1 million+ species) Mostly insects (land, freshwater) In oceans – mostly crustaceans

Arthropods

Segmented body Jointed apendages Hard external skeleton (chitin) Must molt skeleton to grow Gills, most marine have blood with hemocyanin (blue)

Arthropods

Subphylum Crustacea Copepods, amphipods, isopods Ostracods, barnacles Krill, shrimp, lobsters, crabs

Subphylum Chelicerata Horseshoe crabs, spiders

Subphylum Uniramia Insects, Centipedes

Crustaceans

Small Crustaceans - Copepods

http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/oceanus/2006/7/8_27627.jpg

http://www.hudsonregional.org/mosquito/images/copepod.jpg

http://forum.mikroscopia.com/uploads/post-3-1158151927.jpg

Small Crustaceans - Amphipods

http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html http://www.newsday.com/media/photo/2004-01/11151650.jpg

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Amphipoda/AAA013a.jpghttp://www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/animals/images/traskorchestia2jh.jpg

Small Crustaceans – Ostracods, Isopods

http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingocean/livingocean.html

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Ostracoda/DSCF0052b.jpg http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment/bigisopod.jpg

Small Crustaceans - Krill

http://images.aad.gov.au/img.py/174a.jpg?width=640&height=480

http://www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/__data/page/93/Krill3.jpg http://jonbowermaster.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/kaikoura-krill-520783-sw.jpg

Crustaceans – Barnacles

http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/EasterMicroplate/images/Barnacles_640.jpg

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/DSC_0761b.jpg

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/DSCF0015a.jpg

Decapods – Shrimp

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htmhttp://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~rtb6933/shrimp/rima_con.JPG

Decapods – Lobsters

http://www.vifishandwildlife.com/Education/FactSheet/Images/Lobster.jpg http://marlin.bio.umass.edu/biology/kunkel/fish/albatross-iv/al0203/P0005812a.JPG

http://www.teridanielsbooks.com/States/Hawaii/Hawaii,%20underwater,%20coral,%20reef,%20slipper,%20lobster,.jpg

Northern lobster (Homarus americanus)

Decapods – Lobsters

Newsday 08/08/10

Decapods – Crabs

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm

http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/ed/images/Giantspidercrab.jpg

http://www.californiabiota.com/cabiota/pacific_mole_crab.htm

Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)Mole crab (Emerita talpoida)

Fiddler crab (Uca sp.)

Other Crustaceans

http://www.wfu.edu/biology/faculty/brownera/artemia.jpg

Brine shrimp Artemia(“sea monkeys”)

Mantis shrimp(Stomatopod)

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/eumalacostraca/royslist/images/g_falcatus4.jpg

http://www.divephotoguide.com/img/user_galleries/orig/2999_1222523836.jpg

http://www.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/shellfish/commercial/largeimages/dungeness-with-eggs_ODFW.jpg

Crustaceans

Egg brooding

Crustaceans Most benthic adults have planktonic larvae

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/themes/larval/phyllosoma-early.htm

Chelicerates

Horseshoe crab(Limulus polyphemus)

http://www.jaxshells.org/1124rra.htm

Chelicerates

http://www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/wp-content/blogs.dir/3/files/2008/06/590_crash_blood.jpg

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Compound causes blood to clot when exposed to bacterial endotoxins Used to test that drugs and surgical devices are free of contamination Quart of blue blood worth $15,000, multimillion $$ industry

Chelicerates

Sea spiders(Pycnogonids)

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm http://www.seaslugforum.net/images/030248a.jpghttp://www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/images/others/pantopoda.jpg