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Introductions
Welcome
Workshop Purpose and Products
Message from Ontario Minister of the Environment – Hon. John Gerretson
Mr Paul McKay – Director, Ontario Sustainable Energy Association
Mr Chris Whittaker – CEO , St Lawrence College
Mr Ted Hu - Executive Director, SWITCH
Key Note Speaker - Ms. Dorothy Hector – Kingston City Councilor
Workshop Purpose and Products
Workshop Purpose:To educate Kingston region homeowners around the available
Renewable Energy technologies and the process to implement in a way that
– Demystifies the technologies and provides practical decision making tools
– Illustrates the “How to” action path to projects– Supports increased economic activity– Leverages , unites, and advances other regional knowledge resources
to support the homeowner
So that as a part in the global community, Kingston and region accelerates “the doing of Renewable Energy projects” and achieves the benefits capture in an increasingly rapid manner.
Workshop Products:• Provide practical knowledge to the homeowner for Renewable Energy technologies
and how they fit into the Total Home of the Future
• Provide a base of support through knowledge resources, contractors , and vendors to support homeowner actions
• Advance the community base of knowledge to accelerate clean energy projects
• Reduce the community carbon footprint
• Increase the economic activity in the Kingston region
• Advance Kingston’s standing towards Canada’s #1 Green Community
The House of the Future
How Canadian Homes Use Energy
Source: Statistics Canada
How Canadians Should Produce Energy
How Canadians Should Produce Energy
How Canadians Should Produce Energy
The House of the Future
This workshop will help you build the house of the future with today’s technology!
March 5 – Home Heating1. Solar hot water2. Geothermal heat pumps
March 9 - Home Power1. Solar photovoltaics2. Wind power
March 10 – Other Important Technologies1. Wood pellet stoves2. Grey water recycling3. Green roofs
Energy Efficient Design
Introduction
Greenhou...Large.jpg
Why Design?
o “House as a whole”o Energy Efficiencyo Building Programso Comforto Code Compliance
“House as a whole”oAll systems in a home affect one another in some capacity
oOverhangs affect cooling loadoEquipment efficiencies affect energy requirementsoFinishes affect indoor air qualityoVentilation affects building durabilityoVapour barriers affects indoor air qualityoSolar thermal systems affect building requirementsoWind production can affect structural loadsoAir pressures can affect life systems
“House as a whole”
Two county deaths likely due to CO
poisoning
Energy Efficiency
60-80% of our energy use in the house is a direct result of space heating/cooling and hot water heating.
“It’s easier to save a KW then make a KW”
Building Programs & Grants
Greenhouse Large.jpg All programs and
grants reward energy efficient products.
SOLAR THERMAL WORKSHOP
Workshop outline
Introduction
Technology (available systems)
Installation Issues
Cost Calculations & Financial Projections
Getting Your Project Done
Case Study
Questions and Follow-up
What Is Solar Thermal?
•Solar Thermal is any active solar energy system that collects the heat energy available from the sun
•These systems are roughly 4 – 6 times more efficient than aPhotovoltaic Solar Electric system
•They can be used for a variety of heating requirements
SDHW systems
•2 typical types are Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube systems
SDHW systems
SDHW systems
SDHW and Heating combi systems
•2 typical types are Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube systems
Solar Pool Heating systems
•Polypropylene Rubber Collectors
Solar Pool Heating systems
Solar Pool Heating systems
Solar Air Heating systems
Why not house heating?
HEATING LOAD
Jan Mar Jun Sept Dec
SDHW LOAD
Energy
Installation Issues
•Clear Solar Access from 9 – 3 is recommended•South facing is best, West is second choice, East third•Typically mounted on the roof, so roof condition can be an issue•No Permits required in Kingston for Residential SDHW, Pool, or Air Heating•May need a permit for a custom combi system•Space for a storage tank is needed in a SDHW system•Large roof area is needed for a pool system
Current Incentives
Residential:•EcoEnergy for Homes will pay $1000 for SDHW system•PST rebate on the purchase of any solar thermal system•Utilities Kingston SDHW rental program
Commercial:•EcoEnergy for Heat will pay roughly 35 – 55% of a solar thermal system to a maximum of $80,000 per project
Maintenance Requirements
•SDHW systems need a glycol test every 3 years, may need to be replaced at a cost of $100- 150 for the visit
•Pool systems will require proper draining every fall. This may require an annual service visit if roof draining is required
Case Study 1
2 panel SDHW system offsetting electric heated water
Case Study 1
2 panel SDHW system offsetting electric heated water
•Current initial cost of $6500 installed•5 person household•Electrically heated hot water tank
•$1195 in rebates•Out of pocket cost of $5305•Savings of $465 in the first year•ROI of 15.3%
Case Study
Case Study 2
8 panel pool system offsetting natural gas heated pool
Case Study 2
Current initial cost of $4900 installed•Natural gas heated outdoor pool
•$147 in rebates•Out of pocket cost of $4753•Savings of $763 in the first year•ROI of 23.7%
Case Study 2
CONCLUDING REMARKS:• Solar Thermal is the most cost effective
renewable energy systems available to the residential consumer.
• Solar Domestic Hot Water systems are cost effective with returns on investment of over 10%
• Of the solar thermal technologies pool heating has the best payback
GEOTHERMAL WORKSHOP
Heat Pumps• A heat pump is a machine that moves energy from one location to another through
the use of mechanical work.
• The vapour -compression refrigeration cycle is used to transport this heat from the air, water or ground to the area to be conditioned.
Heat Pumps• The heat pump can remove heat from either the air (inside or outside) or from a
ground source (soil or groundwater).
• These devices are manufactured in a vary of configurations and serve a wide variety of applications.
• Within the residential marketplace the heat pump may only provide space heating and cooling requirements but it also possible to provide a degree of domestic hot water production in the home.
Geo-exchange or Geothermal?• The terms geo-exchange and geothermal may be easily confused and are both
widely used to describe ground source heat pump systems.
• Geothermal energy refers to heat that comes from within the core of the earth whereas a ground source heat pump draws the majority of its energy from the heat created by solar energy striking the earth’s surface.
• Geo-exchange refers to the practice of transferring energy from just below the earth’s surface.
Open vs Closed Loop• Open Systems
– Usually utilize surface water bodies or well water fields– More dependent on climate as water temperatures fluctuate to a higher
degree – Potential for contamination
• Closed Loop Systems– Greater flexibility in usage– Usually have higher pumps requirements– Anti-freeze is usually required– More stable loop temperature with some designs
Open Loop• Advantages
– Installation costs are less than closed loop– Pumping costs are typically less
• Disadvantages– Typically limited to smaller systems– Climate conditions can limit usage– Environmental issues– Fouling is a large maintenance issue
Closed Loop-Vertical• Advantages
– Requires the least amount of land– Lease amount of total piping– Can require the least amount of pumping energy
• Disadvantages– Drilling costs are high– Back filling requires special material & skill– Potential for heat build-up
Closed Loop-Horizontal• Advantages
– Trenching costs are less than drilling costs– Heat build up is not as sensitive as vertical loop
• Disadvantages– Requires more land– Greater ground temperature variance– Typically more piping is required– Greater risk of piping damage during backfilling
Costs• Air Source Systems
– Compared to the same output of electric furnace heating system, the cost of operation might be reduced by upwards to 50%.
– Material equipment costs are higher than a typical heating and cooling system generally by twice.
• Geo-Exchange Systems– Compared to the same output gas fired heating system, the cost of operation
might be reduced by upwards to 66%.– Installation costs are higher; 5 times the cost of a traditional heating and
cooling system
Grants• Air Source Systems
– Installation of a Energy Star qualified heat pump system qualifies for $400.00 from the federal grant program and matching provincial funds.
– Equipment to have a higher than 14 SEER rating.
• Geo-Exchange Systems– Installation of a CAN/CSA-C448 compliant earth-energy system (ground or
water source) qualifies for $3,500.00 from the federal program and matching provincial funds.
– Replace the heat pump unit of an existing earth-energy system qualifies for $1,400.00 from the federal program and matching provincial funds.
• Note: Systems need to be installed by qualified firms.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
• Commonly known as “solar cells.”• Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert light
energy into electricity. • The simplest systems power the small
calculators we use every day. More complicated systems will provide a large portion of the electricity in the near future.
• PV represents one of the most promising means of maintaining our energy intensive standard of living while not contributing to global warming and
ll ti
What arePhotovoltaics?
PV Solar System
SolarPV
Arrays
DC Voltage
AC Voltage
Inverter
Solar PowerTo the Grid
Main Utility Breaker Panel
Utility Meter
Installation Issues• Types of PV systems - aesthetics• Modeling - RETScreen• Building Codes, Inspections
Residential Rooftops
• BIPV or Retrofit
Solar Shingles
Paperwork
• Leave it up to the installer• Complete the application for SOC with the
local utility as well as OPA. • All the connections to an existing electric
service without any scheduled service disconnect and reconnect
Case Study
• PV Requirements• About $1,000 per kW (or $10/W) • South Facing Roof• Ontario Power Authority (OPA) Standard• Offer Contract (SOC) – on-line application• Kingston Electricity Distribution Limited• (KEDL) Connection Agreement• Solar panels or modules • Inverter
Home Power Plant
PV – Inverter - Helpers• RJ (Rob) Kennedy Electric• Quantum Renewable Energy (Rick Rooney) • Utilities Kingston
– Kingston Electricity Distribution Limited (KEDL)
Meters & Inverter• Green Energy Act – rates are under review
– Anticipate FiT to be higher than 42 cents, rumour is 80– I expect between 1,400 to 1,500 kWh/yr
Small Wind Power
Jason Wamboldt B.Sc. (Eng), MESRenewable Energy of Plum Hollow
Workshop outline
An introduction to Small Wind Power options for homeowners
• What is small wind?• Types of turbines?• Is wind right for you?• How do you use the power?• Costs and paybacks • Are there noise, safety, maintenance or environmental concerns?
What is Small Wind
• A wind turbine is a device used to convert wind energy into electrical power.
• Small wind includes wind turbines capable of producing 100 kW or less
• Suitable for homes, businesses, or farms.
• Can be used to backup electricity and/or offsetting the use of grid-power.
Types of Wind Turbines
Vertical Axis- newer technology- Can capture dirty wind, from all directions- Can be mounted on buildings or lower to the ground
Horizontal Axis- more common- requires clean wind- often need large areas for tower guy wires
Is wind right for you?
• Do you have a spot with consistent wind >10 mph (wind gusts versus steady winds)?
• Do you have enough land to provide buffer between neighbors and buildings?
• Local zoning?
• Prepared for long-term investments?
Siting Issues
Source: www.skystreamenergy.com
How to use the power
• Electricity can be:
• stored in batteries for later use (off-grid)
• sent to the grid to reduce utility bill (net-metering)
• sold to the grid to payback equipment (standard offer contract)
How much power can I get?
How much power can I get?
What are the costs and paybacks?
Equipment64%
Labour27%
Wiring and misc.9%
• Average winds of 13 mph would generate 400 kWh/month or 44% of average Ontario home demand.
• Equates to $528/y at current electricity pricing ($0.11/kWh).
Case-study:Skystream 2.4 kW, Cost: $16,576.77 + tax
Maintenance and Warranty
• Annual inspection of bolts, guy wires, and electrical connections.
• May require greasing of bearings.
• Blades need to be visually inspected for cracks or stress signs.
•Warranties are typically 2-5 years.
Safety, Environmental, and Noise Concerns
• Wind turbines DO generate noise and vibrations (be a good neighbour)
• Check with local zoning and building code requirements for safe installation of tower and foundation
• Electrical permits must be taken and approved by the Electrical Safety Authority
• All turbines have mechanisms to slow blades in high winds
Conclusions
• Small wind turbines are less than 100 kW.
• Need good site with clean, strong, consistent wind with buffers from buildings and neighbours.
• Power can be used to offset electricity bills or store in batteries for later use.
• Costs are significantly tied to equipment costs and expect long paybacks at current electricity prices.
• SAFETY IS PARAMOUNT.
Home Heating with Biomass
What is Biomass?
Definition - Plant matter grown for use as a fuel. Biomass is a renewable fuel and it is part of the Carbon Cycle.
Item 4
Biomass can be a responsible choice if:
• The heating system is installed safely (WETT Certified Professional)
• Fuel is harvested sustainably• The fuel is burned efficiently with
little or no visible smoke
Advanced Combustion Wood Stoves
- Use 1/3rd less wood for the same amount of heat- Longer burn times- Under 5 acres of properly managed wood lot, can produce enough to heat a home forever. (Assuming 60 year life span)
Old Technology vs. New Technology
Pellet Stoves and Bio-Mass Stoves
- Pelletized wood waste- Pelletized agriculture waste- Pelletized marginal crops like switch grass- Two Acres of Switch Grass could heat a Canadian home for a year
What do they look like?
Fine Particulate Emissions
Space Heating
- Studies have shown that most families spend 80% of their time in a couple rooms of the home (20% of the house)- By heating the space that we live, with a high efficiency product, in we can reduce our consumption by 28%
Saving Money & Saving the Environment
-Heating with wood or wood pellets is 40% - 50% cheaper than Oil, Electricity or Propane
- Reduces carbons emissions by 4-5 tons per year
GREEN ROOFS FOR HOMEOWNERS
Green Roofs - definition
A Green Roof is:A rooftop with vegetationCan be on apartments, factories, offices or residential buildingsCan be flat or sloped roofNew building or retrofitted older buildingSocial, environmental and economic benefits
Individual Landscapes
Two Principal Types
Individual Landscapes
Intensive Extensive
Intensive Green Roof
Individual Landscapes
Typically used for recreationUses all kinds of landscape and building materialsWide variety of plant materials e.g. grass, flowering shrubs, trees and flowersHeavier; may need structural reinforcingHigh maintenance & higher costs
Individual Landscapes
Extensive Green Roof
Individual Landscapes
Not for recreational purposes and generally not accessible for regular useDifferent materials usedFewer varieties of plant materialGoal is least possible maintenancePotentially lower costMany social, environmental and economic benefits
Individual Landscapes
Grey Water
Water Conservation• Less than 2% of the earth’s water is fresh water and only 1% is available as
drinking water.
• It is predicted that in the future that armed conflicts will center around water as opposed to oil.
Water Usage in the Home• Replacing a 18 litre per
flush toilet with a new 6 litreper flush unit can save over 60,000 litres annually for a family of four.
• A leaking toilet may result in a loss of over 200,000 litres annually.
• Grants provide $50.00 per toilet replacement under the federal program and matching funds from the province.
Greywater• Greywater collection allows for the reuse of
water for various applications and thereby reduces the home’s utility billings or impact on septic system.
• The Ontario Building Code was amended in 2007 to allow for the usage of greywater for the flushing of toilets and irrigation uses.
• 65% of all water used in a home maybe classified as greywater.
Rainwater HarvestingSaving rain water reduces the dependence on fresh water suppliesReduces the impact on water sources such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, ground water, and other sources of fresh water.Rainwater can be used to:Watering plants and treesWatering lawnsWashing cars
Payback and Grants
Grants for your projects•There are many generous provincial and federal grants & tax credits available to support your projects
• Renewable Electrical, Heating, Ventilation, Cooling
• Be aware of the requirements for grant eligibility BEFORE you plan your project
•Grant Guidelines:• Eco-Action has the most comprehensive list of resources
http://www.ecoaction.gc.ca/grantsrebates-subventionsremises/consumers-consommateurs-eng.cfm
• Hearthmakers Energy Co-operativehttp://www.hearthmakers.org/
• Suppliers and contractors are also good info sources….
*$600$300$600Replace your wood-burning appliance with a model that meets eitherCSA-B415.1-M92 (Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel-Burning HeatingAppliances or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) wood-
burningappliance standards (40 CFR Part 60) (*per equipment replaced).
**$60N/A$60Install a minimum of 5 electronic thermostats for electric baseboard heaters.
Electric baseboards must be the primary system
*$800N/A$800Install an ENERGY STAR® qualified air-source heat pump
Same as single-family home
N/A$2,800Replace the heat pump unit of an existing earth-energy system (ground- or
water-source). The system must be compliant with CAN/CSA-C448.
Same as single-family home
N/A$7,000A CAN/CSA-C448 compliant ground- or water-source heat pump.
Same as single-family home
$500$1,000An ENERGY STAR® qualified oil furnace that has an 85.0% AFUE or better,
and a DC variable-speed motor.
Same as single-family home
$300$600An ENERGY STAR® qualified oil furnace that has an 83.0% AFUE or better.
Same as single-family home
$600$1,200An ENERGY STAR® qualified oil or gas boiler that has an 85.0% AFUE or better.
Same as single-family home
$500$1,000An ENERGY STAR® qualified gas furnace that has a 92.0% AFUE or better,
and a DC variable-speed motor.
Same as single-family home
$300$600An ENERGY STAR® qualified gas furnace that has a 90.0% efficiency
HEATING
2nd System1st System
Multi-Unit Residential
Single-Family HomesSome sample grants….
2nd System1st System
Multi-Unit ResidentialSingle-Family HomesSome sample grants….
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATIONThe ONTARIO GREEN ENERGY ACT (Bill 150) will lay out the groundwork to either change or replace the Renewable
Energy Standard Offer Program (RESOP), which had offered a delivery price of $0.42 kWh delivered into the provincial energy grid from wind and solar sources.
$150N/A$150• Efficiency between 30 and 42%.
Install a drain-water heat recovery (DWHR) system. Grants are based on the
efficiency of the pipe installed.
*$600N/A$600Replace your domestic hot water heater with a condensing water heater that
has an EF of 0.80 or better (*per equipment installed).
*$400N/A$500Replace your domestic hot water heater with an instantaneous gaswater heater that has an energy factor (EF) of 0.80 or better
$1,000N/A$1,000Install a solar domestic hot water system that meets CAN/CSA Standards.
HOT WATER
$40N/A$40 Replace your window air conditioner(s) with an ENERGY STAR® unit$400N/A$400Replace your central air conditioner with an ENERGY STAR® qualified
unit.
COOLING
$600N/A$600Install a heat recovery ventilator that is certified by the Home VentilatingInstitute (See www.hvi.org)
VENTILATION
SUMMARY
Closing
Closing Items:
• How To Workshop signup• House Tour signup• Feedback forms back• Prize Draw• Sponsorship, Support and Resources
THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK IN YOUR FUTURE PROJECTS
Technical HOW TO Workshops -Outline-
Follow - up HOW TO workshops focused on :
Home Heating : March 5 from 6:30-8:30 at SLC – Rm 01040
Home Power : March 9 at SLC from 6:30-8:30 in Rm 01040
Biomass and Conservation : March 10 from 6:30- 8:30 in Rm 01040
You will be able to :decide which system(s) is best for your purposes
compare costs and understand more on grants
evaluate whether you want to do it yourself or
Interact one on one with qualified contractors and how to proceed with your project
Brought to you by:
• SWITCH - The Sustainable Energy People
_____________________________
With the Generous Support of
Resources:SWITCH Kingston(Knowledge resources – all areas – pls call)Hearthmakers Energy Co-Op (Conservation and Energy Audits)Down Under Solar (Solar Photovoltaic)Eco Alternative Energy (Solar Solutions and Wind Power)Haven Home Climate Care (Geothermal Heating)Jenal Heating (Specializes in Boilers)Quantum Renewable Energy (Solar Thermal, Wind Power and Energuide)Renewable Energy of Plum Hollow (Biomass, Solar Thermal and Wind Power)Tackaberry Heating (Energy Design, Boilers and more)TAB Mechanical (Green building)UCSG (Solar)Burt’s Greenhouses (A. English alt contact – Plants for Green Roof)Individual Landscapes – Bardi Vorster (Green Roof)Utilities Kingston (Solar Domestic Hot Water Heater Rentals)
Resources:
Resources