Mang Cam Bien Khong Day 7025

7/30/2019 Mang Cam Bien Khong Day 7025

1/18

1

Mng Cm Bin Khng Dy

1.TNG QUANG MNG CM BIN KHNG DY.................. 31.1 Gii thiu:........................................... 3

1.1.1 C 4 thnh phn c bn to nn 1 mng cm bin: ............. 31.1.2 Hiu qu s dng cng sut ca WSN da trn 3 yu t: ......... 31.1.3 Mt vi c im ca mng cm bin: ..................... 3

1.2 Tng quan k thut ..................................... 41.2.2 K thut truyn v tuyn:.............................. 41.2.3 Phn mm ng dng:................................. 4

2. K THUT MNG CM BIN KHNG DY. ................... 42.1 Node............................................... 42.2 Phn cng v phn mm: ................................. 5

2.2.1 Phn cng: ....................................... 52.3 Phn loi theo m hnh phn b: ............................ 6

2.3.1 Category 1 WSN (C1WSN)............................. 62.3.2 Category 2 WSN (C2WSN) ............................ 6

2.4 Mi trng hot ng ca WSNs. ........................... 72.5 Cng ngh hin nay: .................................... 7

3. GIAO THC IU KHIN TRUY CP TRONG WSNs. ............. 83.1 M hnh giao thc cho WSNs. ............................. 83.2 Cc giao thc MAC cho mng WSNs. ........................ 9

4. NH TUYN........................................... 94.1 Vn nh tuyn. ..................................... 9

4.1.1 S phn phi v tp hp d liu. ......................... 94.1.2 Thit k v thch thc trong nh tuyn. ................... 104.1.2.1 Kch thc mng v c tnh thay i theothi gian. ...................................... 104.1.2.2 Ti nguyn hn ch. ..................... 10


2/18

2

4.2 Cc giao thc nh tuyn................................. 104.2.1 Cc gii thut nh tuyn cho mng....................... 104.2.2 nh tuyn theo v tr. ............................... 114.2.2.1 Nguyn l: .............................. 11

4.2.2.2 u nhc. ............................... 12

5. GIAO VN:........................................... 135.1 Yu cu thit k trong giao vn. ........................... 135.2 Cc giao thc iu khin giao vn........................... 13

5.2.1 Cc giao thc iu khin giao vn ang dng. ............... 135.2.3 Khi phc gi b mt. ............................... 14

6. QUN L MNG WSNs. ................................. 15

6.1 Yu cu qun l mng v cc kiu qun l truyn thng. ........... 156.1.1 Yu cu qun l mng. .............................. 156.1.2 Cc kiu qun l truyn thng. ......................... 15

6.2 Vn thit k qun l mng.............................. 167. NG DNG. .......................................... 17

7.1 ng dng trong qun s v an ninh quc gia:................... 177.2 ng dng trong bo v mi trng. ......................... 177.3 ng dng trong thng mi .............................. 187.4 ng dng trong y hc................................... 18


3/18

3

1.TNG QUANG MNG CM BIN KHNG DY.

1.1 Gii thiu:

Mng cm bin khng dy (Wireless Sensor Network) l s kt hp cc kh nngcm bin, x lthng tin v cc thnh phn lien lc to kh nng quan st, phntch v phn ng li vi cc s kin,hin tng xy ra trong mi trng c th no.

Hnh 1 : M hnh mng cm bin khng dy.

1.1.1 C 4 thnh phn cbn to nn 1 mng cm bin:

- Cc cm bin c phn b theo m hnh tp trung hay phn b ri.- Mng li lin kt gia cc cm bin (c dy hoc v tuyn).- im trung tm tp hp d liu .- B phn x l d liu trung tm.

1.1.2 Hiu qu s dng cng sut ca WSN da trn 3 yu t:

- Chu k hot ng ngn.- X l tn hiu ni b ti cc node gim thi gian truyn.- M hnh dng multihop lm gim chiu di ng truyn .

1.1.3 Mt vi c im ca mng cm bin:

- Cc node phn b dy c.- Cc node d hng.- Giao thc mng thay i thng xuyn.-Node b gii hn v kh nng tnh ton,cng sut, b nh.- Khng c thng nht ton h thng v s lng node nhiu.


4/18

4

1.2 Tng quan k thut1.2.1 Cm bin:- Chc nng cbn.- X l tn hiu.

-Nn v pht hin,sa li.- Phn chia Cluster.- T phn nhm.

1.2.2 K thut truyn v tuyn:

- Dy truyn sng.- S h hi ng truyn.- K thut iu ch.- Giao thc mng.

1.2.3 Phn mm ng dng:- H iu hnh.- Phn mm mng.- Phn mm kt ni cs d liu trc tip.- Phn mm middleware.- Phn mm qun l d liu.

2. K THUT MNG CM BIN KHNG DY.

2.1 Node.

Hnh 2: Cc thnh phn trong mt Node.


5/18

5

Cc thnh phn cu to nn mt Node :- Mt cm bin (1 hay mt dy cm bin).- n v x l.- n v lin lc bng v tuyn.-Ngun cung cp.- Cc phn ng dng khc.Cc node c kh nng lin lc v tuyn vicc node ln cn v cc chc nng c

bn nhx l tnhiu, qun l giao thc mng v bt tay vi cc node ln cn truyn d liu ti trung tm.

Hnh 3: Spht trin cng ngh ch to cm bin.

2.2 Phn cng v phn mm:

2.2.1 Phn cng:

-Ngun cung cp.- Lu tr v tnh ton.- Cm bin.

- Lin lc.2.2.2 Phn mm:- H iu hnh.- WSN Sensor Driver.- B x l thng tin.- B x l d liu.


6/18

6

Hnh 4: Phn cng v phn mn node

2.3 Phn loi theo m hnh phn b:

2.3.1 Category 1 WSN (C1WSN).

- H thng li kt ni a ng gia cc node qua knh truyn v tuyn s dnggiao thc nhtuyn ng,cc node tm ng i tt nht n ch .- Vai tr ca cc node nhcc trm lp vi khong cch rt ln.- X l d liu cc node chuyn tip.

ng phc tp.

2.3.2 Category 2 WSN (C2WSN)

- M hnh im-im hay a im-im, ch yu l cc lin kt n gia cc node(single hop),dng giao thc nh tuyn tnh.- Mt node khng cung cp thng tin cho cc node khc.


7/18

7

-Node chuyn tip khng c kh nng x l d liu cho node khc.- Khong cch vi trm mt.

n gin.

Hnh 5: M hnh mng.

2.4 Mi trng hot ng ca WSNs.Node cm bin b rng buc bi mt s yu t:-Ngun cung cp: Cc node b gii hn bi nng lng cung cp.- Lin lc: Gii hn v bng thng, nhiu knh truyn, nh hng n tin cy,cht lng dch

v v bo mt ca h thng.- Tnh ton: Cc node c cng sut tnh ton v b nh gii hn, nh hng nvic la chngii thut x l d liu.

2.5 Cng ngh hin nay:- Kch thc, gi thnh v cng sut tiu th ca node gim, s thng minh canode phi tng ln.h thng cm bin kt hp cc k thut tin tin nhcng ngh nano, mng phn

b, thng tin vtuyn bng rng- Vic tiu chun ha cng rt quan trng. To ra cc tiu chun chung s gipmng WSNs ngdng rng ri hn trong thc t, c kh nng giao tip vi cc mng khc, giaodin Internet,


8/18

8

cung cp cc dch v a dng hn. Cc nghin cu ang hng n cc k thutch to cm

bin mi, h thngmng cm bin phn b, tch hp cm bin trong cc h thngthng mi, htr hiu qu cho cc qu trnh ra quy t nh.

3. GIAO THC IU KHIN TRUY CP TRONG WSNs.Mng khng dy da trn truyn sng in t qua mi trng khng kh, tun theocc c tnhtruyn sng nn vic i x vi cc node trong mng phi nh nhau, t ciu ny vic s dnggiao thc iu khin truy nhp mi trng MAC (Medium Access Control) l cnthit.

3.1 M hnh giao thc cho WSNs.Xut pht t m hnh OSI, giao thc MAC c xy dng lp thp ca lp linkt d liu (DataLink Layer_DDL). Lp cao ca DDL c xem nhlp iu khin logic (LLC).Lp MAC nm ngay trn lp vt l v n cung cp cc chc nng sau:- Kt hp d liu vo frame gi .- Tch frame thu c ly thng tin kim tra li khi phc lai thng ip.

Hnh 6: M hnh tham kho OSI v cu trc lin kt lp d liu.

Lp LLC ca DDL cung cp giao din trc tip cho lp cao hn nhm mc chngn cch lp caovi cc lp thp hn pha di


9/18

9

3.2Cc giao thc MAC cho mng WSNs.- Schedule-Based Protocols: giao thc to ra s sp t trc iu tit truy cpti nguyn trnhxung t gia cc node, thng thng cc ti nguyn l thi gian, bng tn

- Random Access-Based Protocols: giao thc truy cp ngu nhin da trn s tranhchp, khng ihi s phi hp gia cc node ang truy cp knh truyn. Cc node ng ngngmt khongthi gian trc khi th truy cp tr li knh truyn.

4. NH TUYN.

4.1 Vn nh tuyn.

4.1.1 S phn phi v tp hp d liu.

thc hin vic trao i thng tin t cc node n base station th phi c mtng kt ni trctip tuy nhin vi kt ni ny th s suy gim nng lng mtcch nhanh chng. Do lm hn ch kh nng bao ph rng ca mng. Do gii quyt nhc im ny th d liu trao i gia cc node cmbin v cc trmc truyn a chng(Multihop). Cc lin kt ny c th ko di khong cch vto ramt ng linh hot. Phng php ny lm gi m ng k can nhiu giacc node ang tranh chp truycp knh truyn c bit l trong WSN mt cao.

Hnh 7: M hnh nh tuyn.

Trong Multihop cc node trung gian phi tham gia vo vic truyn ti cc gi dliu gia ngun v ch. Xc nh node trung chuyn l vn ln trong gii thutinh tuyn bo m s chnh xc tnhn nh v kh nng ti u.


10/18

10

4.1.2 Thit k v thch thc trong nh tuyn.

4.1.2.1 Kch thc mng v c tnh thay i theo thi gian.

Cc node cm bin hot ng vi kh nng tnh ton, lu tru v thng tin hn chdo gii hnngun nng lng cung cp, mt cm bin cng c th rt it hocdy c. Trong mang WSNs ccnode trng thi ng v kh nng thch ng caodo yu cu t phn b v tit kim nng lng. Ccnode phi t iu chnh hotng p ng vi s tht thng khng th on trc ca cc kt ni khngdy.

4.1.2.2 Ti nguyn hn ch.

Vn ngun nng lng cung cp cho s lng node ca mng hot ng.Kh nng thit k mt gii thut nh tuyn thng minh cho mng hot ng vihiu qu cao nhtang l vn ln.

4.2 Cc giao thc nh tuyn.

4.2.1 Cc gii thut nh tuyn cho mng.

- Proactive(khi to trc): da trn s phn pht theo chu k thng tin tc bn nhtuyn nht qun v chnh xc n tt c cc node ca mng. Cutrc mng c th bng phnghay phn cp. Trong phng php ny cu trc phngth tm ng i ti u hn.- Reactive(phn ng): xy dng tuyn n mt ch no theo nhu cu. Giithut ny thngkhng chuyn ti thng tin qua tt c cc node ca mng. Do

chng da trn nh tuyn ng tm ra ng i.- Hybrid(hn hp): da trn cu trc mng to nn tnh n nh v kh nng mrng cho ccmng c kch thc ln. Gii thut ny chia mng ra thnh cccluster, do s lng ln v tnh ding khi cc node vo hay ra khi cc cluster.Gii thut ny kt hp Proactive trong cc clusterv Reactive cho s lin kt cccluster.Cc k thut nh tuyn:- Dng 1: giao thc dnh cho mng c kin trc phng ti thiu cho overhead xy dng cho htng mng v c kh nng tm ra nhiu ng lin lc gia cc node vi sai s cho

php.- Dang 2: dng trong mng c cu trc tit kim nng lng, n nh v kh nngm rng. Ccnode mng c sp xp vo cc cluster trong mt node mngln nht c vai tr nhmtcluster head. Cluster head c vai tr phi hp hotng ca cc node trong cluster v chuynthng tin gia cc cluster. Vic phnhoch gim nng lng tiu th v ko di thi gian sngca mng.


11/18

11

- Dng 3: dng phng php data-centric phn b yu cu trong mng. Phnnhim v cho cc node v nh r mt thuc tnh ring bit cho cc node. Kiuthng tin c th dng nhBroastcasting, anycasting, Geo-casting..- Dng 4: dng v tr ch ra mt node cm bin. nh tuyn da trn v tr rthu ch cho ccng dng m v tr ca node trong vng a l c th c hi binode ngun. Yu cu nhthc th nh r vng no m cc hin tng quantm c th xy ra hay ln cn vi im cbit no trong vng hot ng camng.

4.2.2 nh tuyn theo v tr.

4.2.2.1 Nguyn l:

Dng thng tin v v tr tm ra tuyn lin lc hiu qu t ngun n ch. Khi

cc node sgi vai tr chuyn tip gi(forwarding), do n phi hiu bit v cuhnh ton mng.- Forwarding:

-forward-within-R(MFR): chn node nm xa nht trong s cc node nmtrong vng ph R

-forward-progress(NFP):chn node gn nht. node NFP c chn nhn d liut node MH. y l node gn nht tnh t MH

ng thng ni MH tinode c chn theo CMP c chn.

ng lng c yu cu, node LEF

c chn chuyn.

Hnh 8: M hnh chn node truyn theo nng lng .

- Gii thut khng ti u:ng i ti u t S1 n D l ng ni trc tip t S1n D.


12/18

12

Hnh 9: Gii thutnh tuyn khng hiu qu .

- Gii thut ti u:-hand: mt gi xut pht t node Ni mun truyn n gi Nj, xung quanh

c nhiu nodeln cn th tuyn truyn c chn k tip l tuyn truyn u tintheo quy tc ngc chiu kim ng h tnh t ng thng ni NiNj. Tuy nhingin ny gp phi trng hp khituyn ct ngang ng thng ni ngun vch.

ng ct ngang, nn tuyn c chn k tiptheo quy tc Right-hand giao vi ng thng NiNj

Hnh 10: Ci thin cht lng giao thc nh tuyn.

4.2.2.2 u nhc.- u: nh tuyn theo v tr ph hp cho mng WSN v yu cu t thng tin choiu khin v tng tc cc b gia cc node.- Nhc: cc lin kt bt i xng v cc ng giao nhau lm tng phc tpca giao thc.


13/18

13

5. GIAO VN:

5.1 Yucu thit k trong giao vn.Mng WSN c thit k vi cc tiu ch bo tn nng lng, iu khin tc

nghn, tin cytrong phn phi d liu, an ninh v qun l. Hai tiu ch quantrng l iu khin tc nghn v khiphc d liu b mt.- Thc thi iu khin tc nghn v phn pht d liu tin cy. Dng k thut hop-to-hop iukhin tc nghn v khi phc gi b mt v n gim mt gi v titkim nng lng- Cc giao thc giao vn phi lm n gin qu trnh xy dng kt ni, ci thinlu lng v tr thp.- Giao vn trong WSN phi trnh mt nhiu gi n mc c th v mt gi tngng vi lng ph nng lng.- Giao thc giao vn phi m bo s cng bng gia cc node.

- Dng nhiu dng kt hp cc giao thc ci thin cht lng.

5.2 Cc giao thc iu khin giao vn.

5.2.1 Cc giao thc iu khin giao vn ang dng.

Nhiu giao thc lp giao vn c thit k cho mng WSN nhbng sau. iukhin tc nghnln, xung. m bo tin cy hng ln, xung.CODA (congestion detection and avoidance), ESRT(Event to sink releabletransport), RMST(releable multisegment transport), PSFQ(pump slowly, Fetchquickly), GARUDA.


14/18


15/18

15

Hnh 11: So snh s ln truyn yu cu gi 10 gi trong 10 bc ca Hop byHop v End toEnd.

- Khi t l thnh cng di 0.95 th s ln truyn li ca End to end tng gp idn n hiu qunng lng tng gp i.

6. QUN L MNG WSNs.

6.1Yu cu qun l mng v cc kiu qun l truyn thng.

6.1.1 Yu cu qun l mng.

Qun l mng gm mt chui chc nng gim st trng thi mng, pht hincc hhng v s khc thng, qun l, iu khin v cu hnh cc thnh phnmng, duy tr hotng thng thng v cithin hiu qu lm vic v cht lngcc ng dng. thc thi cc nhim v ny, cng c qun l mngcn chn lathng tin thi gian thc ti cc thit b mng, phn tch thng tin, v iu khinng dngda trn thng tin. Thng tin c sp xp nhmt cs thng tin qunl trn mi thit b mng. Thng thng, c mt trung gian trn mi thit b thuthp thng tin v tng trnh cho trung tm qun lmng. Do , qun l mng cth c xem nhmt ng dng.

6.1.2 Cc kiu qun l truyn thng.

- Giao thc qun l mng n gin (SNMP) c s dng kh rng ri. N gm:

mt h thng qunl mng, cc thit b c qun l v cc phn trung gian. Mtli ch ca SNMP l s n gin ca n vs trin khai rng ri. Tuy nhin, ntiu th ng k bng thng bi v n thng dng ch mt phn nh thng tinqun l ti mt thi im. Bt li khc ca SNMP l n ch qun l cc phn tmng, khngcung cp qun l mc mng.


16/18

16

- Lc cc hot ngvin thng (TOM) da trn qu trnh qun l mng vdch v. tngca TOM l gii thiu qu trnh gm hot ng v s t ngha. C 3 lp dc cho qun l dch v: qunl mng v h thng, thit lp dch v v hot ng v qu trnh chm sc khchhng. Theo chiu ngang,qun l dch v c chia thnh thc hin dch v, sm bo dch v v a ra cc danh sch dch v.TOM ch cung cp khung cho qun l dch v.- C SNMP v TOM u khng c thit k cho mng cm bin khng dy. Tuynhin, chng ta c th dng s n gin ca SNMP v khung c chia phn lpca TOM thit k kin trc qun lmng c hiu qu cho mng cm bin khngdy.

6.2 Vn thit k qun l mng.- Mng WSN l mt dng c bit ca mng khng dy. Nhiu vn c ch ra

mt cch cnthn trc khi thit k cng c qun l mng cho WSN. Chc nngqun l i hi cho WSN c nhn ra trc tin. SNMP cung cp 5 chc nngqun l: qun l hhng, qun l cu hnh, qun l cng victnh ton, qun lcht lng v qun l an ninh. V TOM, cc chc nng c phn lp trong phntmng, qun l mng v qun l dch v. Trong mi lp, cc chc nng qun lkhc nhau c th hin. Do , WSN cn cu trc qun l c phn lp vi ccchc nng qun l khc nhau cho mi lp. WSNcng cn cc thut ton qun l kha hiu qu cho an ninh. WSN cn cn cc chcnng qun l mi qun l d liu vi dng v mc ch d liu thu thp trongmng WSN kh khc so vi cc mng truyn.- Vn kin trc qun l cho mng WSN phi cxem xt cn thn. Qun lmng gm 3 phn chnh: ngi qun l, trung gian v MIB. Ngi qun l cdng qun l v iu khin mng gc vcng vic nhmt giao din vi cc hthng khc. Trung gian c t trong cc thnh phn c qun l, MIB l mtcy c cu trc hng i tng thng tin cho ngi qun l v trung gian v sspxp thng tin qun l. Thnh thong mt h thng qun l mng gm nhiungi qun l phn b, mith qun l mt phn mng. Phng php truy cpthng tin qun l v thay th nh qun l hay trung gian thng xc nh kin trcqun l. Phng php da trn trung gian c th tit kim bng thng bi v n c

th tng trnh ch thng tin qun l cui cng. Mc d WSN c im tp hp dliu tp trung(trm gc), chng ging vi mng phn b hn. Kin trc qun lghp da trn trung gian c th thchhp hn cho WSN.- Trong WSN, thng tin qun l c th c dng ci thin cht lng h thng.Cc chc nng qun l mng nn xem xt tt c cc im c bit ca WSN nh:

ng lng, dng lng nh bng thng vtuyn.


17/18

17

ng m rng.n gin v thc t v WSN l h thng phn b c ti

nguyn hnch.

g tin tng qut cho cc node cm bin, c imca WSN vcc ng dng ca WSN.

dng.phn mm

7. NG DNG.Trong nhng nm gn y, cc nghin cu v WSN t c bc pht trin

mnh m, cc bc tin v nghin cu ha hn tc ng ln n cc ng dngrng ri trong cc lnh vc an ninh quc gia, chm sc sc khe, mi trng, nnglng, an ton thc phm v sn xut...Cc ng dng camng WSN thc s ch b gii hn bi s tng tng ca conngi. Sau y l cc ng dng ph bin nht ca WSN:

7.1 ng dng trong qun s v an ninh quc gia:- Gim st chin trng.- Bo v an ninh cho cc cng trnh trng yu.- ng dng trong qun i.- Thng tin, gim st, iu khin.- Theo di mc tiu.- Pht hin phng x ht nhn.- Gim st di nc, trn khng.- H thng radars.- R sot bom mn..

7.2 ng dng trong bo v mi trng.- Pht hin hot ng ni la.

- Gim st chy rng.- Gim st dch bnh.- S dng hiu qu ti nguyn thin nhin.- Cm bin dng trong nng nghip.- Pht hin ng t.


18/18

18

7.3 ng dng trong thng mi- iu khin khng lu.- Qun l cu ng.- Qun l kin trc v xy dng.

- iu khin nhit .- Qun l ti trong tiu th in nng.- H thng t ng.- Cm bin cc cht ha hc, sinh hc, nguyn t.- Thu thp d liu thi gian thc.- Cc h thng nhn dng bng sng radio.- Qun l nng lng.- iu khin nhit .- Qun l sn xut.- Robot t hnh.

- o lng kh g, nc, in...- H thng x l vt liu (ha hc, gas, nhit...).

7.4 ng dng trong y hc.- Cm bin gn trc tip ln cth ngi.- An ton thc phm.- Phn tch nng cc cht.- Gim st bnh nhn, nhn vin y t.

Documents

Mang Cam Bien Khong Day 7025