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HSE –MANAGERS’ TRAINING
THIS TRAINING IS DESGINED TO LET KNOW THE LITERATURE THAT IS TAUGHT BY OSHA IN IT’S COURSES TO GIVE AWARNESS TO HSE MANAGMENT.
HSE TRAINING
1.EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEESPurpose of safety committee
Help protects employee by providing knowledge of safety
Helps protect employee by providing a solution to issues
Bring together labor and management for health and safety
Help the employee give training to manager , supervision and workers for better hazard identification and control and health and safety performance
Roles of safety committee
Know the feelings and thinking of employee by survey and interview
Analyze the behavior of employee by observing
Do safety inspections at workplace
Do safety audits
Control measures and safety improvements measure should be monitored
Evaluate quality of safety culture in long terms
Develop and submit the written recommendations
Functions of safety committee
To have knowledge
Skills
Abilities
Of health and safety
Benefits of safety committee
Consultant
Identify hazards
protect employee and employer
Communication between labor and management
Duties of safety committee members
Receive concerns , reports and suggestions by employees and give them to manager level and give the management level response to employees
Workplace inspection
Receiving training
Attending meetings
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Control measures and safety improvement progress
Monitoring
Hazard identification
communication
Benfits of training the safety committee
Know their purpose of job
Know the role
Know the function
Know the responsibility
Know the skills
Know the abilities
Know the information on health and safety
Hazard identification profit for company
Competition leading
Effective audit
Lower injury and illness rates
Three areas for effective safety committee training
Safety committee operations
Hazard identification and control
Accident investigation procedures
Hierarchy of controls
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment
Accident investigation procedures
Write data of accident
Know the surface and root causes
Make the report
Suggest safety measures
Causes of accident report failures
Surface causes are uncovered but , root causes are not uncovered
Hazardous conditions are uncovered
Unsafe work practices uncovered
Failure in safety management uncovered
Causes of majority injuries
Inadequate supervision ,education , accountability , and resources
Hazardous conditions
Material
Equipment
Environment
People
system
System design and implementation
Objectives
Policy
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Plan
Procedures
Processes
Budget
Report
Rules
Safety inspection
In safety inspection we give time to know for a thorough inspection to be conducted to know what is happening
Job hazard analysis
Employee , managers together solve the problems
Problem solving techniques
Understand the problem
Discuss causes
Target solutions
Sell solutions
Implement solutions
5 wh analysis
Who is getting hurt ?
What actually caused the injury ?
When workers are getting hurt ?
Where workers are getting hurt ?
how workers are getting hurt ?
How to conduct a survey
Gather a team of trained employees
Determine who you are going to sample
Decide how will you conduct the survey ?
Tell everyone why you are going to conduct survey ?
Conduct the survey
Summarize result
Discuss the result with CEO
Characteristics of an effective safety committee
Organized meeting
Good communication
Roles and purposes are understood
Standard of behavior
Objectives and completion dates are set
Members trained
2.EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETINGSHow often do safety committees meet
Some once a month and some more often
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When committee meeting should be held
It’s most effective if the safety committee conducts a meeting immediately after the inspection
What happens in an effective safety committee meeting
Discuss findings
Ensure identified hazards are reported to responsible supervisors or managers
Analyze findings and discuss their possible rootcause
Make recommendations to improve safety programs
Purpose of safety committee meeting
To bring management and labor together
Preparing for the meeting
Chairperson preparation
Recorder must be trained
Prepare the agenda and keep it brief
Prepare the meeting room
Thank every one for coming
Call the meeting to order
Note attendence
Introduce visitors
Review ground rules
Review meeting minutes
Review agenda topics
Discuss unfinished business
Review observations of conditions and behaviors
Evaluate incident and accident report
Receive safety committee status reports
Conduct safety committee training / education
Conduct a safety inspection
Handle problem situations
Disagreement
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conflict
Evaluate
Meeting process and outcomes
Improve
Meeting process
3. OSH TRAINING SAFETY EDUCATION
We become educated in safety in many ways including :
personal experience
Formal classroom training
On the job training
Effective safety education must tell learners why it is important to use safe procedures and practices
Natural consequences
Natural consequences are those that naturally occur as a result of what an employee or organization does
System consequences
System consequences are those actions taken by another person in response to an employee’s choice and behaviours
Technical safety training
“How to “safety training is actually the most common type of safety education
General safety instruction
Is usually conducted using the lecture or discussion method
Purpose of training program
To provide training professionals for effective safety education
Criterea for accepted practices in safety , Health and environmental training
Program development
Delivery evaluation
Program management
Suggested training plan core elements
Training facility
Training director
Instructors
Course materials
Students
Ratios
Proficiency assessment
Course certificate
Record keeping
Program quality control
Safety trainer perform many roles
Evaluator
Facilitator
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Counselor
Writer
Instructors
Manager
Marketer
Media specialist
Analyst
Program administrator
Designer
Strategies
Task analysis
Theoretician
Transfer agent
Guidelines for instructor competency
Certified person
Designated
Authorized
Competent
Qualified
Purpose of training evaluation
To know the amount of learning achieved by training
Whether an employee’s performance has improved on the job as a result of training
RKSAI
Evaluate students :
Reaction
Learning
Application
result
Guidelines for evaluating training programs
How training program is managed
Quality of training processes
The result of training
Suggested program quality control criterea
training plan
Program management , training director , staff and consultants’ training facilities and resources
Quality control and evaluation
Students
Institutional environment and administrative support
4.SAFETY MANAGEMENTTop management commitment
You should know the benefits of your commitment towards safety
You must develop programs , policies , plans and procedures
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Do commitment to safety because it saves lives , money and you stay out of trouble
Safety leadership increases company’s potential
Coercive ,controlling and caring are the three leadership models out of which caring model is the real commitment approach
You must have a vision and mission statement
There are two safety strategies: reactive and pro active
In reactive strategy you react after the accident has happened
In pro active strategy you make sure that no accident should occur in workplace
Labor and management accountability
Employees should believe that they are going to be held accountable for their decisions and actions
Six elements of effective accountability system :
1.formal standard of performance
2.adequate resources and psychosocial support
3.a system of performance measurement
4.application of effective consequences
5.appropriate application of consequences
6.continous evaluation of accountability system
Points to remember:
The more Regularly you Recognize and Reward , the more Rarely you will have to Reprimand
Training , resources , enforcement , supervision and leadership are 5 obligations of safety
Employee involvement
Employee is held accountable by the employer for complying with the safety rules , reporting workplace injuries immediately and reporting hazards
Rewards are great but , recognition is better
Effective communications
It’s a responsibility to communicate effectively
It’s not what you say …it’s about how you say it
Hazard identification and control
Hazard is state of being leading to illness or injury of a person
What can control hazards :
1. Eliminate and substitute hazards
2.Engineering controls
3.administrative controls
4.personal protective equipment
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Material , people , environment ,system , equipment may be hazardous
Do a walk around inspection to see hazards
Employee may use his own procedure if not directly supervised
Unsafe behaviors lead to 95% cause of accidents
Incident and accident investigation
Don’t go for blame but fix the system
You cant afford to relax or be content in safety
Incident causes property damage and accident causes life damage too
You must know the plan and how to work the plan
If accident occurs you must know :
1. background information 2.surface causes and root causes
You have to make a report of accident in which you write about findings , recommendations and summary
Safety education and training
Be trained
We educate to show why
We train to show how
A simple seven step on the job training includes:
1.introduction 2.trainer shows and tells 3. learner tells –trainer shows 4 . Learner shows and tells 5 . Conclusion 6.documentation 7. validate
Total quality safety management
Quality and safety are partners in productivity
TQM means to improve performance and process by using coorporate resources
DEMING says about total quality safety management that have a purpose for improvement , adopt a new philosophy , cease dependence on mass inspection , don’t go for price tag- go for reducing total cost , improve constantly , give training on job , drive out fear , break down barriers between departments , don’t pressurize workforce , give self improvement education and act for transformation
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT THE REQUIREMENT FOR PPE
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To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees in workplace
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
To wear and maintain PPE
FACE AND EYE PROTECTION
HEAD PROTECTION
FOOT PROTECTION
HAND PROTECTION
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
SHIELDS
BARRIERS
RESTRAINTS
WHEN AND WHERE PPE IS REQUIRED?
Whenever following conditions are encountered :
Process hazards
Environmental hazards
Chemical hazards
Radiological hazards
Mechanical hazards
WHAT SHOULD NOT BE WORN?
The PPE rules requires that rings , wristwatches , earnings , bracelets and other jewelery must not be worn if it’s possible for it to come into contact with power driven machinery or electric circuitry
6.HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CONTROLBASIC EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITY
The employer should see that workers are properly instructed and supervised in the safe operation of any machinery tools , equipment , process or practice which they are authorized to use or apply
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BASIC EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
All employees should conduct their work in compliance with their employer’s safety policies and rules. Employees should report all injuries immediately to the person in charge or other responsible representative of the employer .employees should make full use of safeguards provided for their protection
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Employers should make sure their workplace are inspected by a qualified person as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires.
HAZARDS
Raw materials
Toxic chemicals
Stationary machinery
equipment may not be properly guarded / or in poor working order
Tools may not be properly maintained
Extreme noise in work environment
Poor work station designs
Flammable or combustible atmospheres
Floors may be slippery and aisles cluttered
Guard rails , ladders or floor hole covers may be missing or damage
Employees might be fatigued , distracted in some way , or other wise lack the physical / mental way , or working safely
HAZARD
Unsafe work conditions or practices that could cause injuries or illness to employees
Recognized hazards
Industry recognition
Employee recognition
Common sense recognition
Exposure
Physical
Environmental
potential
Six steps hazard control process
Identifying workplace hazards
Analyzing the workplace
Developing solution
Writing solution
Writing recommendations
Taking action
Evaluating the results
Five general hazards
Material
Equipment
Environment
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People
system
13 hazard categories
Acceleration
Biological
Chemical reactions
Electrical
Ergonomics
Explosives and explosions
Flammability and fires
Temprature
Mechanical
Pressure
Radiation
Toxics
Vibration / noise
Identifying hazards
informal and formal observation programs
Comprehensive wide surveys
Individual interviews
Walk around inspection
Documentation review
A written record will help ensure
Assignment of responsibility for hazard correction
Tracking of correction to completion
Identification of problems in the control system
Identification of problems in the accountability system
Identifcation of hazards for which no prevention or control has been planned
4 analysis
Job hazard analysis
change analysis
Process hazard analysis
Phase hazard analysis
Hierarchy of control
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment
Solving safety problems-two key strategies
Eliminate or reduce the surface cause
Eliminate or reduce he root cause
Cause effect analysis
Every effect is the result of a cause
Key steps to develop effective recommendations
Write the problem statement11
Describe the history of problem
State the solution options that would correct the problem
Describe the consequences as a cost. Vs . Benefit analysis
7.EFFECTIVE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONWhat is an accident
An accident is the final event in an unplanned process that result in injury or illness to an employee and possibly property damage
Accident types
STRUCK BY
STRUCK AGAINST
CONTACT BY
CONTACT WITH
CAUGHT ON
CAUGHT BETWEEN
FALL TO SURFACE
FALL TO BELOW
OVER EXERTION
BODILY REACTION
OVER EXPOSURE
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT
Old theory-worker error :says worker makes a choice to work in an unsafe manner
New theory-system approach : says accidents occur due to multiple causes and due to defects in the systems
Characteristics of effective incident investigation program
Clearly assigned responsibility for accident investigation
All accident investigations will be formally trained on accident investigation techniques
The purpose is to find fact not fault
Dig deep to know hazardous conditions that caused accidents
report will make the recommendations to correct the hazardous conditions and work practices
Corrective actions must be completed
An annual review of accident reports
Six steps for conducting accident investigation
Secure the accident scene
Conduct interview
Develop the sequence of events
Conduct cause analysis
Determine the solutions
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Write the report
DOCUMENTING THE ACCIDENT SCENE
Make personal observations
Take photos of accident scene
Take video clips of the scene
sketch the accident scene
Interview records
Steve’s seven rights of interview process
Be sure you ask the
Right people the
Right question at the
Right time in the
Right place in the
Right way for the
Right reason to uncover the
Right facts
WHO NEEDS TO BE INTERVIEWED
The victim
Co workers
Direct supervisors
Manager
Training department
Personnel department
Maintenance department
Emergency responders
Medical personal
Coroner
Police
The victim’s spouse and family
Effective interviewing techniques
Keep the purpose of investigation in the mind
Approach the investigation with an open mind
Go to the scene
Express concern regarding the accident and desire to prevent a similar occurrence
Tell the interviewee that the information they give is important
Be friendly , understanding and open minded
Be calm and unhurried
Single event theory
An accident is thought to be the result of a single , one time easily identifiable , unusual , unexpected occurrence that result in injury or illness
The domino theory
This describes as a series of related occurences which lead to a final event that results in injury or illness
Multiple cause theory
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Accidents are a result of a series of random related and / or unrelated actions that somehow interact to cause the accident
Four categories of events
Actual events
Assumed events
Non events
Simultaneous events
Developing the sequence of events
Once the sequence of events is developed we will study each event to know:
Hazardous condition
Unsafe behaviors
System weaknesses
Components of an event
Actor: the actor is an individual or object that directly influenced the flow of the sequence of events
Action is something that is done by the actor
Hazardous conditions
Materials
Machinery
Equipment
Tools
Chemicals
Environment
Workstations
Facilities
People
workload
Levels of cause analysis
Injury analysis
Event analysis
System analysis
Higher priority strategies that control hazards
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Lower priority strategies to control exposure and behavior
WARNINGS
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
WRITING THE REPORT
Background
Description
Findings
Recommendations
Summary
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8.EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS
WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
An action plan to organize employee and employer action during workplace emergencies
COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
Ways to report fires and other emergencies
Evacuation procedures
Emergency escape route assignments
Procedures to account for all employee after an emergency evacuation has been completed
Name or job titles of personas who can be contacted for further information or explanation of duties under the plan.
NATURAL DISASTERS
Avalanche
Biological
Drought
Sand storms
Earth quakes
Extreme heat / cold
Fire
Flood
Hurricane
Landslide / Madslide
Lightning
Snow / Ice / hail
Tornando
Volcanic eruption
Tsunami
TECHNOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
Aircraft crash
Structural collapse
Business interruption
Communication
Levee failure
Explosion/fire
Extreme air pollution
Financial collapse
Fuel .resource shortage
Hazardous material release
Power / utility failure
Radiological / nuclear accidents
Transportation accidents
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN DEVELOPING EAP
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Development of emergency action plan
Establish authority
Conduct employee training and plan review
Review , coordinate and update the plan
Make sure EAP meets specific needs
Consider and list potential natural or man made emergencies
Develop resue and medical assistance strategies
Consider communication
Identify methods for reporting fires
Develop methods to alert employees
Identify methods to alert employees
Identify how and when the employees will be trained
Address how and when drills and retraining will be conducted
One policy doesn’t fit all situations
Designate someone who will stay to shut down critical operations during an evacuation
Determine specific evacuation routes and exits
Designate evacuation coordinates and workdens
Conduct EAP employee training
Update the EAP regularly
9.INTRODUCTION TO FIRE PREVENTION PLANS
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What does the fire prevention plan do for your ORGANIZATION
Serves to reduce the risk of fires at your workplace
Causes of fire
Electrical hazards
Portable heaters
Office fire hazards
Cutting , welding and open flame work
Flammable and combustible material
Smoking in the wrokplace
Fixed extinguished system
Fixed fire extinguishing systems are commonly used to protect areas containing value able or critical equipment such as data processing rooms , telecommunication switches and process control rooms
Components of a fixed system
Discharge nozzle
Piping
Control panel
Warning alarm
Warning and caution signs
Fire detectors
Pull stations
Agent storage containers
Purpose of an alarm system
The purpose of and employee alarm system is to reduce the severity of work place accidents and injuries by ensuring that alarm systems operate properly and procedures are in place to alert employees to workplace emergencies
The fire triangle
Enough oxygen to sustain combustion
Enough heat to rise the material to it’s ignition temperature and
Some sort of fuel or combustible material
Fire extinguisher ratings
Class a ordinary combustible
Class b flammable liquids
Class c electrical equipment
Class d combustible metals
Class k restaurant kitchens
Types of fire extinguishers
Dry chemical extinguishers
Halon extinguishers
Water extinguishers
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Carbon dioxide extinguishers
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
PASS : PULL – AIM –SQUEEZE-SWEEP
MANAGEMENT TRAINING RESPONSIBLITY
All managers should be trained and make sure employees are also trained to understand their FFP responsibility.
10.OSH RECORD KEEPING
The record keeping and reporting rule requires employers to record and report work –related fatalities , injuries and illnesses . It’s important to record or report a work related injury , illness or fatality
An injury or illness meets the general recording criteria and is recordable , if it results in any one of following six conditions :
Death
Days away from work
Restricted work or job transfer
Medical treatment beyond first aid
Loss of consciousness
A significant injury or illness diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional
OSHA 300 form is the log of work related injuries and illnesses
OSHA 300 –A is the summary of work related injuries and illnesses
OSHA FORM 301 or equipment is the worker’s and employer’s report of occupational injury or disease
You must involve your employees and their representatives in the record keeping system
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TOTAL NO. OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES / NO. OF HOURS WORKED BY ALL EMPLOYEES * 200 , 000 = TOTAL RECORDABLE CASE RATE
11. HAZARD COMMUNICATION
The hazard communication rule applies to any chemical which is known to be present in the workplace in such a manner that employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency
Responsibility
Chemical manufacturers and importers must evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces or imported by them to determine if they are hazardous
Employers must assess the hazards of chemicals and develop a written hazard communication plan along with training and information
Material safety data sheet
Chemical manufacturers and importers must obtain and develop a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical they produce or import and must develop appropriate labels that provide hazard warning information
Employee training
How to
Reference the chemical test or hazards
Use material data safety sheets
Use protective practices including PPE
Recognize a release of chemicals
Detect over exposure to chemicals
Write secondary container labels
Hazard communication plan
Employers must develop, implement and maintain a written hazard communication plan that contains a list of hazardous chemicals being used in the workplace, assign responsibilities and describes procedures for:
Labeling containers
Maintaining and using material safety data sheets
Information and training
Pipe labeling
Non routine tsk procedures
Contractor procedures
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Hazardous substance
Is any chemical which poses a physical or a health hazard?
Physical hazards
Are chemical reactions that could result in a fire, explosion and/ or toxic gas release which cause physical trauma if chemicals are handled or stored improperly?
Health hazards
Is health effects caused directly by the chemicals themselves, not an injury resulting from a reaction
Dusts, fumes. Fibres . Mists . Vapors , gases , solids , liquids
Chemical effects
On various organs of the human body depend on several important factors : solid , liquid or gas ?
Ingested , inhaled , absorbed or injected ?
How much chemical makes it’s ways into the body?
How poisonous is the chemical?
Routes of entry
Routes of entry of chemicals may take must be known when assessing the workplace for chemical hazards.
Alternative labeling methods
HMIS ( hazardous material information system)
NFPA (national fire protection association )
Material safety data sheet
Used to communicate chemical hazard information from the manufacturer to the employee to train and inform on safe use of hazardous chemicals
Employers must obtain a MSDS from the chemical manufacturer or import as soon as possible
Employers must maintain in the workplace copies of required material safety data sheets
Employee must know
The hazard communication program
The measures to protect themselves
Detect the release or presence of hazardous chemical
Physical and health hazards
When new hazardous chemical is used in organization
HAZWOPER
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response covers response to uncontrollable releases
12.CONDUCTING A JOB
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HAZARD ANALYSIS JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS :
It focuses on the relationship between the worker , task tools and environment .after you identify uncontrolled hazards , you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level . You can prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.
IMPROVE YOUR EMPOYEES
Get together with your employees and talk about the actual and potential hazards and unsafe behaviors they believe might exist in their current work and surroundings .Discuss the possible accident that might result from the hazards and behaviors . Next come up with ideas to eliminate or control those hazards and behaviors.
LOOK FOR HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND UNSAFE BEHAVIOURS
Material safety data sheets
Experienced workers
Accident and incident reports
First aid statistical record
Behavior based safety reports
Safety committee meeting minutes
Safety inspection reports
Previous JHAs
Existing work procedures
Equipment manuals
Preventive /corrective maintenance records
HIGH RISK BEHAVIOURS
Working at evaluation , no matter what job is
Lifting , lowering , pushing , pulling and other manual handling operations
Other working above or below the work area
Use of bridge cranes man lifts , or other heavy equipment
Working on or near energized equipment /components
Working alone or in isolated workplaces
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Operating vehicles
Working within a confined space or under temp extremes
RISK ANALYSIS
Risk = probability*severity
JHA FORMAT
JHA includes three columns:
Basic job step
Hazard present
Preventive measures
GOALS WHILE CONDUCTING A JHA
What can go wrong
What are the consequences ?
How could the hazard arise ?
What are the other contributing factors ?
How likely is that hazard will occur ?
TIPS
Write safe job procedure
Hire professionals to conduct JHA
Improve the JHA process by taking a team approach
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THANK YOU
