Management vs Administartion

8/22/2019 Management vs Administartion

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Management vs Administration;

Management is an art and science;

Management as a profession

Source: Management C. B. Gupta


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Management Vs Administration

Divergent views exist on Management and

Administration

1. Administration is above Management

2. Administration is Part of Management

3. Administration and Management are One


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Administration is above Management

This view is held by various American experts in management

Sheldon, Florence, Lansburg, Haimann, Milward, McFarland,Spreigel, Tead and Schulze.

Administration is a top-level function while management is a

lower-level function. Administration is a determinative (thinking) function while

management is an executive (doing) function.

Administration involves policy formulation whereas

management is concerned with the execution of policies andsupervision of day-to-day operations.

Thus, Administration is superior to management.


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Administration is part of Management

European school of thought E.F.L Brech, Kimball and

Kimball, Richman and Copen.

Management comprises both policy-making andexecution.

Administration is that part of management which involves

doing routine things in a known setting.

Thus, the European viewpoint is exactly opposite to the

American viewpoint.


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Administration and Management are One

Fayol, Newman, Chester Barnard, Terry, Louis A. Allen, Harold Koontz

and Cyril ODonnell

Management and Administration are used interchangeably because both

involve the same principles and functions.

Somehow, the word management has become popular in business

enterprises where economic performance is of primary importance. On theother hand, the term administration is preferred in government

departments, religious trusts, educational institutions and other non-

business organisations.

To resolve the terminological conflict, management may be classified into:(i) Administrative management; and

(ii) Operative management

Administration management involves determination of objectives and

policies whereas operative management is primarily concerned with the

execution of plans for the achievement of the objectives.


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Administration

Management

Board of Directors

Managing Director

Production managerPlant superintendent

Supervisor

At every level of management, an individual manager performs both types offunctions.

Higher-level managers spend a major portion of their time on decision-making and

policy formulation (administration) while lower level managers spend

comparatively greater time on execution of plans and policies (management).

This approach is more logical because;

(i) Two separate sets of people are not required to do administartive and

managerial functions;

(ii) Planning and doing are two faces of the same coin and it is not wise to separate

them.


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Points of

distinction

Administration Management

Nature Determinative (thinking) Executive (doing)

Scope Determination of major

objectives and policies

Implementation of policies

Level Top-level Mostly middle- and lower-

level

Influence Decisions are influenced by

public opinion and other outside

forces

Decisions are influenced by

objectives and policies of the

organisation.

Main functions Planning and Control Directing and organising

Skills required Conceptual and human skills Technical and human skills

Usage Government and public sector Business organisations

Illustrations Minister, commander,

commissioner, Registrar, Vice-chancellor, Governor, etc.

Managing Director, General

manager, Sales manager,Branch manager, etc.

Distinction between Administration and Management


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Management as an Art and Science

Management as an Art

Art involves the practical application of personal skills

and knowledge to achieve concrete results.

Main elements of art:

(a) Personal skills

(b) Practical know-how

(c) Result-orientation(d) Creativity, and

(e) Constant practice aimed at perfection


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Management as an art

1. A manager applies his knowledge and skills to coordinatethe efforts of his people.

2. Management seeks to achieve concrete practical results in agiven situation. Eg. Profit.

3. Management is creative. The success of a manager ismeasured by the results he achieves.

4. Management is a personalised process.

5. Mastery in management requires a sufficiently long periodof experience in managing.


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Management as a Science

Essential elements of science:

1. Science is a systematised body of knowledge pertaining to a

field of enquiry. Science establishes cause and effect

relationship between variables.2. It contains principles and theories developed through

continuous observation, experimentation and research.

3. The principles have universal applicability.

4. The organised body of knowledge can be taught and learntin the classroom and outside.


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Management is a science because it contains all the essentials of

science.

1. There is now a systematised body of knowledgeprinciples

and theories.

2. Principles of management have been evolved throughpractical experience and theoretical research.

3. Managerial principles have a wide and repetitive range of

application through case studies.

4. Management theory and principles can be taught inclassrooms and in industry.


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Nature of science of Management

Management is a social science:

study of human behaviour

flexible principles

principles cannot be tested through experiments.

Management is an inexact science or soft science as it is still

developing.

Management is an applied science as the principles have to be

applied in practice.

Management is an inter-disciplinary scienceEconomics,Mathematics, Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology.


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Management is a combination of science and art.

Essentially, managing is the art of doing and management is thebody of knowledge which underlies the art said Koonntz and

ODonnell.

Science and art complement each other.

The science of management may be learnt in the classroom but

practice is required to make its successful use.

Thus, the theory (science) and practice (art) of management go

side by side for the efficient functioning of an organisation.


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Management as a profession

Essential attributes of a profession:

1. A well defined and organised body of knowledge.

2. Learning and experience

3. Entry restricted by qualifications.

4. Recognised national body

5. Ethical code of conduct

6. Dominance of service motive


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Management is not a full-fledged profession, but has some

essentials of a profession. There exists now a systematised and reasonably well-

defined body of knowledgetheories and principles.

Formal education and training are becoming increasingly

popular among managers. National level associations of managers have been formed in

most of the countries. Eg. AIMA in India.

A code of professional conduct has been formulated.

There is increasing recognition of the social responsibilitiesof managers.


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There are several obstacles in the way of management being

recognised as a profession.1. There is no universally acceptable criteria for the evaluation

of managerial performance.

2. Unlike in other professions, managers do not have a single

homogeneous group of clients.3. Management is essentially an art or practice and persons

without a degree or diploma in management are not

necessarily less efficient managers.

4. The theory of management is still evolving and newprinciples are being developed.

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Management vs Administartion