Management of Marine Management of Marine EnvironmentEnvironment

ENVSENVS 590590

InstructorInstructorDr. Assad A. AlDr. Assad A. Al--ThukairThukair

Contingency PlanningContingency Planning

BackgroundBackgroundElements of Contingency PlanningElements of Contingency Planning

Information gathering Information gathering Strategy development Strategy development Operational planOperational plan

Marine Pollution ManagementMarine Pollution Management

Important Considerations for Marine Protection Important Considerations for Marine Protection should cover:should cover:

Environmental Impact Assessments Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)(EIA) are are conducted and implemented for all conducted and implemented for all newnew and modified and modified marine projects.marine projects.Environmental Management Systems Environmental Management Systems (EMS)(EMS) are are developed and practiced for developed and practiced for operatingoperating marine facilities.marine facilities.Contingency PlansContingency Plans (Emergency Preparedness Plans) (Emergency Preparedness Plans) are available at marine facilities/activities for all credible are available at marine facilities/activities for all credible emergency scenarios. emergency scenarios.

Contingency Planning for marine Contingency Planning for marine emergenciesemergencies

Definition:Definition:

Contingency Plan (CPContingency Plan (CP):): is a response plan is a response plan specially developed for individual specially developed for individual emergencyemergencyscenario (e.g oil spill, fire, ..etc) which is scenario (e.g oil spill, fire, ..etc) which is envisionedenvisioned to occur at a particular facility/area. to occur at a particular facility/area.

The Need and BenefitsThe Need and Benefits•• The NeedThe Need–– LegislativeLegislative–– Organization policyOrganization policy

•• The BenefitsThe Benefits–– Expedites efficient & effective emergency Expedites efficient & effective emergency

response.response.–– Mitigates environmental damageMitigates environmental damage–– Insures confidence in managing risksInsures confidence in managing risks–– Assists with good media relations and imageAssists with good media relations and image

Contingency Planning for Oil Contingency Planning for Oil Spill on WaterSpill on Water

Main Elements of Contingency Main Elements of Contingency PlanningPlanning

Information gatheringInformation gatheringDetailed processes examining risk and Detailed processes examining risk and sensitivities.sensitivities.

Strategy developmentStrategy developmentProcesses utilizing gathered information to Processes utilizing gathered information to

establish priorities for protection and strategy establish priorities for protection and strategy choices.choices.

Operational planOperational planA response tool facilitating efficient and effectiveA response tool facilitating efficient and effectiveuse of resourcesuse of resources..

Contingency Planning ProcessContingency Planning Process

NEBA: Net Environmental Benefit Analysis

Information GatheringInformation Gathering

Risk Assessment of oil spillRisk Assessment of oil spill•• Spill Source and volumeSpill Source and volume

•• Oil propertiesOil properties

•• Oil MovementOil Movement–– Tides / currentsTides / currents–– Wind Wind –– Seasonal variationsSeasonal variations–– Sea conditionsSea conditions

•• Fate of oil Fate of oil –– Oil type & characteristicsOil type & characteristics–– Environmental conditionsEnvironmental conditions

•• Historic dataHistoric data–– Spill sizeSpill size–– FrequencyFrequency

Influence of current and windInfluence of current and wind

Environment at RiskEnvironment at Risk

•• Ecologically sensitive habitats & speciesEcologically sensitive habitats & species

•• Industrial sea water intakesIndustrial sea water intakes

•• Fisheries and aquacultureFisheries and aquaculture

•• Amenity areasAmenity areas

•• Coastal sensitivity maps very usefulCoastal sensitivity maps very useful

Coastal Sensitive AreasCoastal Sensitive Areas

Strategy DeploymentStrategy Deployment

Priorities for ProtectionPriorities for Protection

••Inability to protect all resourcesInability to protect all resources

••Who has responsibility to allocate Who has responsibility to allocate priorities?priorities?

••Take account of:Take account of:––Degree of sensitivity Degree of sensitivity ––Ability to protect Ability to protect ––Seasonal variationsSeasonal variations

GCC Marine PrioritiesGCC Marine Priorities

•• Desalination & cooling inlets.Desalination & cooling inlets.•• Marine protected areas (MPAMarine protected areas (MPA’’s) s)

and sanctuariesand sanctuaries•• Aquacultures and fisheries Aquacultures and fisheries •• Amenity beachesAmenity beaches

Tiered Response ConceptTiered Response Concept

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Tiered Response DefinitionsTiered Response Definitions

Tier 1: Small local spills that may occur at or Tier 1: Small local spills that may occur at or near the facility, in which could be controlled near the facility, in which could be controlled using facility resources. using facility resources. Tier 2: Medium spill that may be local or at Tier 2: Medium spill that may be local or at some distance from the facility, in which outside some distance from the facility, in which outside resources are needed to control it. resources are needed to control it. Tier 3: Large spill which exceed national Tier 3: Large spill which exceed national boundaries and require national and boundaries and require national and international resources to control it. international resources to control it.

Spill scenariosSpill scenarios

Various credible scenarios should be considerVarious credible scenarios should be considerExamples:Examples:

Offshore pipeline leakage Offshore pipeline leakage Loading/discharging at marine facilityLoading/discharging at marine facilityOil tankers collisions and groundings Oil tankers collisions and groundings Offshore wells incidents Offshore wells incidents Fires and explosionsFires and explosionsHull failuresHull failures

NEBANEBA

Net Environmental Benefit Analysis :Net Environmental Benefit Analysis : Process Process for balancing sociofor balancing socio--economic benefits and economic benefits and ecological consequences of applying a particular ecological consequences of applying a particular strategy or techniques. strategy or techniques. NEBA provides decision makers proper NEBA provides decision makers proper response options to minimize ecological response options to minimize ecological damage. damage.

Strategy OptionsStrategy Options

•• Plan typePlan type

–– general or specificgeneral or specific–– level of detaillevel of detail•• ResourcesResources

–– manpowermanpower–– equipmentsequipments•• Techniques Techniques

Operation PlanOperation Plan

Operation PlanOperation Plan

OrganizationOrganizationResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesCommunicationCommunicationResources Resources Waste planWaste planReview Review Update Update

Typical response organizationTypical response organization

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

CommunicationCommunicationReporting Reporting

Initial notification, interim progress, and terminationInitial notification, interim progress, and terminationAssessmentAssessment

Assess the situation with timeAssess the situation with timeAssess from over flightAssess from over flight

MobilizationMobilizationMobilization of equipments, personnel and other response Mobilization of equipments, personnel and other response resourcesresources

DocumentationDocumentationRecording all steps during and after emergency including; Recording all steps during and after emergency including; spill situations, actions taken, and resources utilization. spill situations, actions taken, and resources utilization. Generate reports Generate reports

ResourcesResourcesProper equipments Proper equipments

Booms Booms Skimmers Skimmers AbsorbentsAbsorbentsDispersantsDispersants

Trained staffTrained staffResponse organization staffResponse organization staffSupport and contracting staffSupport and contracting staffVarious authorities (coast grad, port authorities and Various authorities (coast grad, port authorities and government agencies)government agencies)

Waste PlanWaste Plan

Plan that cover suitable Plan that cover suitable options for :options for :

StorageStorageTransportTransportReprocessing or treatmentReprocessing or treatmentFinal disposal Final disposal

Review & UpdateReview & Update

Plan should be reviewed periodicallyPlan should be reviewed periodicallyPlan should be updatedPlan should be updated

after exercisesafter exercisesfollowing oil spillsfollowing oil spillsperiodically to keep contacts currentperiodically to keep contacts current

Contingency planningContingency planning•• Has there been a realistic assessment of the possible threat, anHas there been a realistic assessment of the possible threat, and d

of the resources most at risk.of the resources most at risk.•• Have protection priorities been agreed including available Have protection priorities been agreed including available

techniques.techniques.•• Have the cleanHave the clean--up and protection strategies been agreed and up and protection strategies been agreed and

explained.explained.•• Have the roles and responsibilities of the team been clearly Have the roles and responsibilities of the team been clearly

statedstated•• Are the available resources sufficient and has back up been Are the available resources sufficient and has back up been

identified identified •• Has the waste management issue been clearly identifiedHas the waste management issue been clearly identified•• Are the initial alerting and evaluation procedures clearAre the initial alerting and evaluation procedures clear•• Has the communication system been identified.Has the communication system been identified.•• Have all aspects of the plan been testedHave all aspects of the plan been tested•• Is the plan compatible with plans for adjacent areaIs the plan compatible with plans for adjacent area’’s and s and

activitiesactivities