1

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifouniversiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

qarTvelologiis centri

mamia faRava

muhajirTa STamomavlebTan

.. - 2016

2

istoriuli samxreT saqarTvelos yofa da kultura - 6

sagamomcemlo sabWo: profesori mamia faRava

asoc. profesori zaza SaSikaZe

profesori malxaz CoxaraZe

profesori Tina SioSvili

profesori nugzar mgelaZe

profesori SoTa mamulaZe

profesori ramaz xalvaSi

asoc.profesori Tamaz futkaraZe

profesori meri cincaZe

profesori marine giorgaZe

asoc. profesori maia baramiZe

3

wignSi moTxrobilia bsu humanitarul mecnierebaTa fa-

kultetis qarTvelologiis centris mier TurqeTis respub-

likis provinciebSi Catarebuli kompleqsuri eqspediciebis

Sesaxeb. avtori eqspediciasTan erTad ,,mogvatarebs muha-

jirTa dasaxlebebs, gvesaubreba emigrant aWarelTa, SavSTa

da klarjTa STamomavlebis yoveldRiurobaze...

naSromi daainteresebs qarTuli dialeqtologiiT, fol-

kloriT, saqarTvelos eTnologiiTa da, zogadad, istoriu-

li samxreT saqarTveloTi dainteresebul mkiTxvels.

redaqtorebi: profesori malxaz CoxaraZeasoc. profesori zaza SaSikaZe

recenzentebi: profesori Tina SioSviliasoc. profesori nana cecxlaZeasoc. profesori maia baramiZe

ISBN 978-9941-460-25-8 .. - 2016

4

w i n a s i t y v a o b a

yvelaferi didi xniT adre daiwyo. erT dResac

fiqri daviwye istoriul samxreT saqarTveloze, Tur-

qeTis saqarTveloze, Woroxis qveynebze: speri, tao,

klarjeTi, SavSeTi... mainc ramdeni qveyana moeqca Tur-

qeTis SemadgenlobaSi, ramdenma qarTulma kuTxem da-

karga identobis upirvelesi niSani _ ena da sxva kul-

turas Seerwya, sxva kulturis matareblad iqca. dro

Zalian cudad moeqca Woroxisa da mtkvris zemowelis

qarTul qveynebs... vikvlevdi/vswavlobdi qarTul enas

da ufro metad miRvivdeboda interesi: rogori qarTu-

liT laparakobdnen sperelebi, taoelebi, klarjebi,

SavSebi... wavikiTxe g. yazbegis Canawerebi, maSin axal-

gazrda, damwyebma mkvlevarma, amovkribe cnobebi qarTu-

li enis moRweulobis Sesaxeb... bevri araferi, magram

mainc saintereso... verc gaamtyuneb, g. yazbegi qarTuli

enis, Tundac folkloris Sesaswavlad aravis miuvli-

nebia iq. TurqeTis saqarTveloSi (sintagma g. yazbegi-

saa _ m.f.) igi sxva misiiT mogzaurobda, eTnologiuri

Tu lingvisturi cnobebi mis nawerebSi meoreulia, uf-

ro cnobismoyvare mogzauris dakvirvebebia da ara pro-

fesionalis Canawerebi. Canawerebi sainteresoa, gansa-

kuTrebiT maSin, sxva bevri rom araferi gaqvs...

Semdeg d. baqraZis mogzaurobis Canawerebi wavi-

kiTxe, TiTo-orola cnobac gabneuli XIX saukunis bo-

lo meoTxedisa da XX saukunis dasawyisis presaSi...

aspiranturis wlebSi ,,qarTuli dialeqtologiis~

kurss vamzadebdi, sakandidato minimumis gamocdisaT-

vis vemzadebodi. maxsovs, b-nma ivane qavTaraZem mirCia,

wamekiTxa niko maris ,,SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzau-

5

robis dRiurebi~. maSin niko marTan erTad ,,moviare

SavSeTi da klarjeTi, aTormet savaneTa mxare, ,,davaT-

valiere~ droisa da kacisagan Selaxuli eklesia-mo-

nastrebi da materialuri kulturis sxva Zeglebi, ga-

vigone iqaurTa xmebi, vigrZeni Woroxis qveynebis moma-

vali, arc Tu saxarbielo... ramdenime dReSi wavikiTxe

,,dRiurebi~, dialeqtologiuri da folkloruli masa-

la mTlianad amoviwere, CemTvis saintereso nawilebi

vTargmne qarTulad... Semdeg karga xans am amonawere-

biT vsargeblobdi, n. maris wigni bibliografiuli iS-

viaToba gaxda, baTumSi xelmisawvdomi egzemplari ar

iSoveboda. didi xnis Semdeg gadavwyvite, gamomeca es

marTlac iSviaTi wigni.1 es is droa, gasuli saukunis

80-iani wlebi, intensiurad rom ikvleven qarTul ki-

loebs, folklors, yofas... saqmeSi CarTulia saqarTve-

los yvela umaRlesi saswavlebeli, samecniero-kvlevi-

Ti institutebi. eqspediciebi Zvirfas masalas kreben,

iqmneba folkloruli-dialeqtologiuri da eTnologi-

uri fondebi. TurqeTis saqarTveloSi mogzaurobaze

Tu iocnebebda mkvlevari. sarfs gaRma yvelafers tabu

edo. xandaxan SemoaRwevda xmebi, arcTu sasiamovno.

axalgazrdobaSi gavigone axmed melaSvilis saxeli,

misi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, male misi tragikuli aRsas-

rulis ambavic...

lingvistur qarTvelologiaSi damkvidrebuli iyo

mosazreba, rom TurqeTis saqarTvelos mkvidrni metyve-leben imerxeul kiloze (termini niko marisaa _ m.f.).aravis hqonda saSualeba damatebiTi masalebi Seegro-

vebina, an Tundac arsebuli _ gadaemowmebina.

saqarTveloSi cnobili iyo, rom TurqeTis respub-

likaSi cxovrobda qarTvelTa ori Sto _ Woroxis xe-

1 ix. n. mari, SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi. ru-sulidan Targmna istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatma revaz dia-samiZem, redaqcia da winasityvaoba mamia faRavasi, baTumi, 2012.

6

obis mkvidri mosaxleoba da muhajirebi TurqeTis

sxvadaxva provinciaSi da lazebi Savi zRvis sanapiro-

ze da pontos/kaCkaris mTebis kalTebze gaSenebul

soflebsa da qalaqebSi.

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan qveyanaSi poli-

tikuri klimatis cvlilebas mohyva sabWoTa kavSir-

_TurqeTs Soris urTierTobis daTboba, gamoCnda gu-

ram pataraias filmi ,,tao-klarjeTi~ (imdroisaTvis

ucnauri da warmoudgeneli, gmirobis tolfasi iyo

aseTi filmis gadaReba), romelmac SeZra qarTveli ma-

yurebeli. 30 welze meti gavida, rac es filmi vnaxe da

dResac ar gamnelebia is emociebi, rac im dRes dame-

ufla. avtorma ,,Semogvatara istoriuli qarTuli

qveynebi, gagvacdevina maTi sidiade, gagvagona iqaur

qarTvelTa qarTuli...

didi filmia ,,tao-klarjeTi~, didi reJisori _ mi-

si Semoqmedi!

80-iani wlebis meore naxevridan SesaZlebeli gaxda

turistuli vizebiT TurqeTSi mogzauroba. ufro Savi

zRvis sanapiro qalaqebSi dadiodnen; daiwyo ori qvey-

nis qarTvelTa Soris kontaqtebis aRdgena-Camoyalibe-

ba. gaixsna tabudadebuli Temebi. SevbedeT TurqeTis

saqarTvelos problemebs, _ jer q-nma SuSana futkara-

Zem, Semdeg me, nugzar cecxlaZem, sxvebmac. gansakuTre-

bulia cnobili mwerlisa da dramaturgis, batoni

aleqsandre (SoSia) CxaiZis, daintereseba muhajirTa

STamomavlebiT...

baTumis saxelmwifo universitetSi ,,TurqeTis sa-

qarTvelosa~ da muhajirTa STamomavlebis problemebi

humanitaruli kvlevis prioritetad iqca. zogadad

problema ase Camoyalibdeba: samxreT saqarTvelos is-

toria, eTnologia, folklori, dialeqtebi (samxruli

metyveleba zogadad), materialuri kulturis Zeglebi

(zogadad _ arqeologia)... samxreT saqarTveloSi vgu-

7

lisxmobT aWaras, SavSeTs (maWaxeli, imerxevi, sakuT-

riv SavSeTi), klarjeTs, taos, spers... aqve moiazreba

muhajirTa STamomavlebic im kuTxesTan erTad, saida-

nac gadasaxldnen maTi winaprebi. aqve aRvniSnav, rom

samxreT saqarTvelos konteqstSi axleburad dgeba

aWaris problemebic, ramdenadac Woroxis auzi erTiani

kulturuli sivrcea saerTo istoriiTa da yofiT,

metyvelebiT, folkloriT, zogadad, qarTuli kultu-

ris tipi, romelmac didi wvlili Seitana saerToqar-

Tuli yofis CamoyalibebaSi...

moridebiT, krZalviT SevudeqiT problemebis damu-

Savebas. 90-iani wlebidan TurqeTis qarTvelobasTan

Sexvedrebi intensiuri gaxda: viyenebdiT yovel mo-

ments, daveZebdiT calkeul pirovnebas, rom masala

mogvepovebina, Tumca es ar iyo sakmarisi. saWiro iyo

problemebis kompleqsuri kvleva. bevrs vfiqrobdiT,

saidan dagvewyo da ra saxsrebiT. gaWirvebuli dro

iyo. ar iyo imis fufuneba, xSiri da jgufuri gasvlebi

gvqonoda TurqeTis qarTul ,,qveynebSi Tu muhajirTa

STamomavlebiT dasaxlebul provinciebSi. sadoqtoro

disertaciaze muSaobisas maxsovs, batonma al. CxaiZem

maTxova mis mier gadaRebuli videokasetebi (xuTsaaTi-

ani masala), gadaviwere muhajirTa STamomavlebis mety-

velebis nimuSebi, cocxlad ganvicade maTi yofa Tur-

qeTSi. davinaxe gansxvavebac sxvadasxva kuTxidan wa-

sulTa STamomavlebis metyvelebasa Tu folklorSi.

TandaTan ganmimtkicda azri, rom muhajirTa STamomav-

lebis yofa, metyveleba da folklori araa erTiani;

muhajiroba Seexo mTel samxreT saqarTvelos, Sesaba-

misad, muhajirebma waiRes TavianTi kuTxisaTvis damaxa-

siaTebeli yofisa da kulturis elementebi, maTma STa-

momavlebma garkveulad Seinaxes mSobliuri kuTxis

surneli. gamomdinare aqedan, Woroxis qveynebis Sesas-

wavlad Zvirfasi masalaa muhajirTa STamomavlebTan

8

Sekrebili folkloruli, dialeqtologiuri Tu eTno-

logiuri masalebi. ufro metic, Woroxis qveynebis

kvleva ver iqneba amomwuravi muhajirebTan Sekrebili

masalebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe.

barem aqve vityviT, rom filmis Seqmnas fiqrobda

batoni SoSia Cveneburebze, ver moaswro, wigni ki dawe-

ra _ ,,Cveneburebi~, saintereso da artistuli.

davubrundeT Txrobas! upirvelesad vsvamT kiTxvas:

ra viciT istoriuli samxreTi saqarTvelos Sesa-

xeb?

vityviT, viciT Zalian cota. aucilebelia kompleq-

surad SeviswavloT samxreT saqarTvelos TiToeuli

qveyana, Semdeg ki vifiqroT ganmazogadebel naSromze/-

naSromebze. aqamde jer Soria. jer Zneli da grZeli

Ziebis gzaa gasavleli. pirvel rigSi unda Segrovdes

empiriuli masalebi, saWiroa kompleqsuri eqspedicie-

bis mowyoba, Woroxis TiToeuli qveynis pirveladi su-

raTis Seqmna...

CvenSi mudam ase iyo: Tu axali saqme daiwyeboda,

ideis avtors dablokavdnen, ,,uCemod viT imRereTao~,

gabrazdebodnen... da brazdebodnen isini, visac araTu

simRera, dgomac ar SeeZloT momReralTa Soris. gamo-

naklisi arc Cveni saqme iyo. xeliSemSleli Warbobda

xelisSemwyobs, moSurne _ mokeTes. bevri cdilobda xe-

li agveRo dawyebul saqmeze, maT Soris isinic, vinc

TiTqos gverdiT gvedga da ,,gvamxnevebda~... Cven ,,ver

vxvdebodiT~, jiutad vemzadebodiT, nabij-nabij mivi-

wevdiT win...

pirveli warmateba samecniero proeqtis ,,SavSeTi~

gamarjveba iyo. mogveca materialuri da samecniero

stimuli, kompleqsurad Segveswavla SavSeTis qveyana.

problemis damuSaveba adre gvqonda dawyebuli. mecni-

erTa jgufma or weliwadSi SevZeliT, Segveqmna da ga-

9

mogveqynebina vrceli monografia ,,SavSeTi~2, Cveni wig-

ni ,,SavSuri Canawerebi,~3 mogvianebiT m. CoxaraZis ,,xan-

ZTa4, ramdenime aTeuli samecniero statia, SavSuri

dialeqtisa da folkloris masalebi... mkiTxvelma mii-

Ro SavSeTis qveynis pirveladi suraTi. es ukve sainte-

reso ganacxadi iyo.

SavSeTs sxva qveynebis Seswavla unda mohyoloda.

2012 wels SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fon-

dis konkursSi gaimarjva Cvenma proeqtma ,,klarjeTi

(xelmZRvaneli, profesori m. faRava, menejeri, profe-

sori m. CoxaraZe). sakvlevaZiebo saqmianobam migviyvana

muhajirobis problemamde. aWaris ar mTavrobam dagvi-

finansa samecniero proeqti ,,muhajirobis (gadasaxle-

bis) istoria da qarTvel muhajirTa STamomavlebi Ta-

namedrove TurqeTSi~ (samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: pro-

fesori mamia faRava, asoc. profesori zaza SaSikaZe,

menejeri, profesori malxaz CoxaraZe). daTqmul dros

mkiTxveli miiRebs vrcel monografias ,,muhajirebi~

(istoriul-filologiuri gamokvleva), sxva wignebsac,

rac Seavsebs Cvens codnas samxreT saqarTvelos Sesa-

xeb.

dabolos, vsargeblob SemTxveviT da proeqtSi mo-

nawileTa saxeliT madlobas vuxdiT aWaris ar mTavro-

bas materialuri da moraluri mxardaWerisaTvis.

2012 wlis Tebervlidan moqmedebs programa, mom-

zadda da daibeWda jumber vardmaniZis monografia ,,mu-

2 ix. m. faRava, T. SioSvili, S. mamulaZe, m. cincaZe, m. CoxaraZe,z. SaSikaZe, n. cecxlaZe, T. futkaraZe, m. baramiZe, j. karaliZe, v.CoxaraZe, SavSeTi, Tb. 2011, gv. 5-617.3 ix. m. faRava, SavSuri Canawerebi, Tb. 2011, gv. 3-361.4 ix. m. CoxaraZe, xanZTa da ,,aTormet savaneTa mxaris Zvelisalocavebi, baTumi, 2015, gv. 3-307.

10

hajiroba samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi~5, damuSavda

muhajirobis bibliografia, momzadda da Catarda eqspe-

diciebi, samecniero konferenciebi, daibeWda ramdenime

aTeuli samecniero statia, samecniero mimoqcevaSi Se-

vida eqspediciis mier Sekrebili masalebi...

pirveli eqspedicia TuqeTis SavizRvispireTSi (uni-

e, ordu, samsuni) mcxovreb muhajirTa STamomavlebTan

daigegma...

qarTuli mecnierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania:

a. ra ,,waiRes~ muhajirebma mSobliuri kuTxidan da

ra ,,Seinaxes~ maTma STamomavlebma dRemde.

b. ra SeiZines muhajirTa STamomavlebma kultura-

Ta dialogis procesSi.

g. ramdenad SeinarCunes ucxo garemoSi muhajirTa

STamomavlebma qarTuli ena da cnobiereba, TavianTi

identoba...

sxvac mravali!

kulturaTa dialogi, zogadad, rTuli procesia,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac erTi kultura mZlav-

robs meoreze, Zlieri cdilobs ,,sustis~ STanTqmas.

aseT pirobebSi susti ibrZvis TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis,

ibrZvis gadasarCenad... am procesebis Zieba, vfiqrobT,

mniSvnelovania.

2012 wlidan muhajirTa STamomavlebis dasaxlebeb-

Si oTxi eqspedicia moewyo. moviareT TurqeTis respub-

likis sxvadasxva gubernia, sadac muhajirTa soflebi

gveguleboda. muhajirTa dasaxlebebi imaze bevrad meti

aRmoCnda, vidre warmogvedgina. vfiqrobT, dawyebuli

saqme unda gagrZeldes da bolomde mivides. Tundac

imitom, rom TurqeTel qarTvelebTan SemkreblobiTi

muSaoba saSuri saqmea, rom dRes faqtobrivad muhajir-

5 ix. j. vardmaniZe, muhajiroba samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi,baTumi, 2013, gv. 5-179.

11

Ta STamomavlebis qarTulis mcodne bolo Taoba

cxovrobs. xval gvian iqneba, saqme daswrebazea.

mkiTxvels vTavazobT muhajirTa dasaxlebebSi mog-

zaurobis dRiurebs, epizodebs muhajirTa cxovrebidan.

winamdebare wigni CavTvaloT eqspediciis xelmZRvane-

lis vrcel angariSad.9 oqtomberi, 2015 weli.

baTumi

12

Tavi I. eqspedicia TurqeTis Savi zRvisregionSi, anu Canaweri pirveli

2012 wlis 3 ivliss eqspedicia TurqeTSi miemgzav-

reba.

eqspedicia kompleqsuria, mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedi-

an:

profesori mamia faRava, asoc. profesori maia ba-

ramiZe, Tamar CoxaraZe, lingvistikis magistranti _ di-

aleqtologia.

profesori Tina SioSvili, filologiis doqtori

giorgi maxaraSvili _ folkloristika.

profesori nugzar mgelaZe, istoriis doqtori

ruslan baramiZe _ eTnologia.

asoc. profesori zaza SaSikaZe, profesori malxaz

CoxaraZe _ istoria.

niaz zosiZe _ uxelmZRvanelebs sainformacio sam-

saxuris saqmianobas. momavalSi b-ni niazi doqtorantu-

raSi apirebs swavlis gagrZelebas da saeqpedicio ga-

mocdileba waadgeba samecniero saqmianobaSi. es mniS-

vnelovani siaxlea Cveni eqspediciis muSaobaSi.

tariel diasamiZe _ mZRoli, laSa TavdgiriZe _

operatori.

wels eqspedicias moyvebian da Cvens savele muSao-

bas gaaSuqeben aWaris televiziis Jurnalisti rusudan

abaSiZe da operatori mindia kupraZe.

win damRleli, magram saintereso sami kviraa muha-

jirebis STamomavlebTan samuSaod.

* * *3 ivlisi, samSabaTi. dilis 11 saaTisaTvis unda ga-

videT universitetis ezodan. raRac dagvrCa mosagvare-

beli da ufro adre ver vaxerxebT.

13

dagvagvianda gamosvla. jer me davigviane universi-

tetis ezoSi misvla, daigvianes sxvebmac, _ niazma, ru-

sudanma...

12 saaTi xdeboda, gzas rom davadeqiT.

sarfis qarTuli sabaJo iolad gadavlaxeT, ramde-

nime wuTi dasWirda sabaJo formalobebs. gza dagvilo-

ces Cvenma mebaJeebma. marTlac kargadaa qarTuli saba-

Jo mowesrigebuli, rasac ver vityviT Turqul mxareze:

iq sul sxva mdgomareobaa _ qaosi, gaugebroba, biurok-

ratia... sam saaTze meti videqiT TurqeTis sabaJoze.

lodini, lodini... momabezrebeli wuTebi, saaTebi... ro-

gorc iqna, gagvistumres.

gza sanapiros miuyveba. Soria uniamde...

zRva, zRva, zRva... erTnairi peizaJi.

Cveni axali ,,fordi~ ,,vaJkacurad~ miikvlevs gzas,

tarielic uwyobs xels...

vfiqrob. sxva ra saqme maqvs.

zRva ukidegano sivrcea...

qarTveli kacis warmodgenaSi:

zRva _ bevria: zRva xalxi!

zRva _ usasrulobaa, sazRvaria, romlis iqiTac

Tvali ver wvdeba: zRvas iqiT; cxra zRvas iqiT, _ ki-

dev ufro gaarTulebs qarTveli, zogjer siSoris war-

mosadgenad arc es kmara da daumatebs: cxra zRvasa da

cxra mTas iqiT...

zRva... arasodes itacebda qarTvels. ar viyaviT

qarTvelebi mezRvauri, zRvaze Seyvarebuli xalxi.

zRvis gaRma arafers eZebda qarTveli, arc zRvas eb-

rZoda. Tumca aris ,,amiranis eposSi erTi pasaJi: yama-

ri xom zRvis gaRma cxovrobda... aqac albaT didi wya-

li igulisxmeba da ara sakuTriv zRva Tanamedrove ga-

gebiT. ,,vefxistyaosanSic~ aris zRva. indoeTis mefes

hyavs amirbari, sazRvao Zalebis sardali, romelic

amirspasalaria amavdroulad. Cans, arc misTvisaa zRva

14

gansakuTrebuli asparezi. SoTa rusTavelma icis

xomaldi, navi da katarRa,6 sxva sazRvao transports

ar icnobs... Raribi gvaqvs sazRvao terminologiac,

Tumca rogori mezRvaurebic viyaviT, iseTive gvaqvs

terminologiac... qarTveli miwis kacia, miwas efereba,

miwaa misi asparezi...

ai berZnebisaTvis zRva yvelaferia. elini ebrZvis

zRvas, zRvis stiqions, xSirad misi msxverplic xdeba,

magram mainc ebrZvis... qarTveli _ ara. zRva lamazia

Soridan sacqerlad... wynaria dRes igi. gabrazebuli

da gaavebuli zRvac minaxavs, walekviT rom emuqreba

Cvens qalaqs... me xom zRvis piras vcxovrob, zRvis pi-

ras vmuSaob, _ Cveni universitetic xom zRvispiras

dgas zRvisgan datovebul sanapiroze. zRvas uyvars ba-

Tumi, uyvars universiteti. baTumis mTeli veli xom

zRvisa da Woroxis TanamSromlobiTaa Seqmnili, maTi

garjis Sedegia...

saukuneebia Woroxi ezideba speris, taos, klarje-

Tis, SavSeTis naSal qanebs, zRva anawilebda da anawi-

lebs mas mTel sanapiroze, iqamde, sadamdec uwevs Wo-

roxis Zala. kenWobiTaa nagebi mTeli sanapiro. sauku-

neebia Sexmatkbilebulad saqmoben Woroxi da zRva. Wo-

roxi mTis ambebsac uambobs zRvas, Tavis gasaWirsac

uyveba xolme, Semdeg zRvis stiqionSi ikargeba Tava-

dac. bolo wlebia zRvas adidebuli Woroxi aRar una-

xavs, Woroxi, romelic walekviT emuqreboda xeobas...

erTxelac viRac borotma kacebma Woroxs artaxebi Se-

6 ,,vefxistyaosanSi ,,xomaldi samjeraa naxsenebi, ,,katarRa erTxel, ,,navi _ ormocdaerTjer. ix. vefxis-tyaosnis simfonia,Sedgenili akaki SaniZis xelmZRvanelobiT, misive winasityvaobiTda gamokvleviT, Tb. 1956. ioseb Tbilels ,,vefxistyaosnis mi-seul damatebaSi naTqvami aqvs: ,,gzaze mekobre amiCnda xomald-katarRa-naviTa ix. vefxistyaosani, vrceli redaqcia, dedniskritikuli teqsti da rusuli Targmani arCil xalvaSisa, Tb.2015. 72(2081),2.

15

ukres, Caketes, ,,baraJebi moawyves... dadumda Woroxi,

aRar xmaurobs... zRvamde veRarc aRwevs Woroxi, wva-

lobs, gubdeba, sunTqva ekvris, ixrCoba umoZraobiT...

zRvam moiwyina. erTxelac iqneba adamianebze gulmosu-

li ukanve waiRebs Tavisive nawyalobebs, daangrevs da

Caylapavs sanapiros... magram jer iTmens, egeb moegos

adamiani gons da Woroxs Seuxsnas artaxebi, egeb isev

moaxerxos Woroxma, sazrdo Camoutanos zRvas da asaz-

rdoos uZRebi ufskruli...

zRva dums, arafers ambobs, nawyenia adamianebze.

maT ar daafases misi saukunovani Sroma, arad Caagdes

misi garja. axla Sors midis adamianebisagan, gaurbis

maT, aRar endoba...

adamianebs uyvarT zRva, sanapiro, mwveli mze... go-

raoben mzis gulze, irujebian, energias ikreben mzisa

da zRvisagan, magram ar esmiT zRvis, masTan ar megob-

roben, fiqroben, rom zRva ver grZnobs amas, zRvas ar

tkiva, ar uxaria... zRva cocxalia, zRvas stkiva adamia-

nis ugunureba, amitomaa rom xandaxan brazobs, boboq-

robs, tanSi ver eteva, talRas talRaze agzavnis, unda

walekos yvelaferi... cdilobs, gaagebinos adamians,

mtrulad nu meqcevio, magram araferi gamodis...

qarTvelebma zRvis ena ar viciT, an viciT Zalian

cudad. qarTvelma mainc ver Seiyvara zRva _ verc is-

toriulad, verc _ axla. ver gaxda qarTveli zRvis ka-

ci, verc saqarTvelo _ sazRvao qveyana.

qarTvelebs buneba ki ar gviyvars, bunebaSi Cveni

Tavi gviyvars ufro. gvaviwydeba, rom Cvenc bunebis na-

wili varT da isic unda gviyvardes, rogorc sakuTari

Tavi...

fiqridan gamoverkvie. kvlav sanapiros mivuyvebiT.

gzadagza vCerdebiT, muxls gavmarTavT, biWebi siga-

rets moweven, xumroben... gza ar ileva, Tumca daileva

mainc...

16

Ramdeboda, uniaSi rom CamovediT. ,,grand otelSi~

davideT bina. TiTqos samvarskvlaviani sastumroa, Tum-

ca didi veraferi... fasi ki aqvs Sesabamisi _ 90 lira

oTaxi (45 lira sawoli), sakmaod Zviri fufunebaa, Cven-

Tvis mainc.

saRamos unies quCebSi gaviseirneT _ Zveleburi,

viwro Sukebi, Tumca qvafeniliT mopirkeTebuli da

sufTad movlili. informacia gvaqvs, unies garSemo

soflebSi muhajirTa STamomavlebi cxovroben. vnaxoT,

xvalidan daviwyebT maTTan stumrobas.

xili SeviZinoTo malxazma da marketSi SevediT.

erTi gamyidveli qarTveli aRmoCnda, qarTulad lapa-

rakobda, Tumca uWirda.

_ saidan xar?_ aqauri var!_ qarTveli xar?_ ho, gurji._ eski soadi?_ ar vici, Zvelidan aq vcxovrobT!_ saidan movda Seni babo? _ vcdilob, misTvis ga-

sagebi eniT SevekiTxo._ baTumidan!_ romeli soflidan?

gakvirvebuli miyurebs. icis, rom baTumidan iyvnen

misi winaprebi... ra sofelio, ukvirs, baTumi hgonia Ta-

vad sofeli...

xili viyideT, davemSvidobeT pirvel uniel qar-

Tvels da sastumroSi davbrundiT.

4 ivlisi, oTxSabaTi. diliT adre avdeqi. cvaleba-di amindia,_ Rrubeli, SigadaSig mze anaTebs. adgilob-

rivi droiT Svidi saaTia. sZinavT eqspediciis wevrebs.

samvarskvlaviani sastumroao, gveubnebian, magram oTax-

Si Wiqa ar udevT, wyali rom dalios kacma... sxvagva-

rad rom vTqvaT, sastumros fasi, ,,varsvlavebi~ da pi-

17

robebi ver Seesabameba erTmaneTs... unda veZeboT axali

sacxovrebeli, misaRebi fasiT da pirobebiT. magram

arc esaa mTavari, upirvelesad, saqme unda daviwyoT,

soflebSi gavideT, masalis mopovebas SevudgeT...

diliT qalaqSi gavediT telefonis aparatisa da

nomris SesaZenad. ubralo aparati, baTumSi 40-50 la-

rad rom SeiZens kaci, aq 150 lira mainc Rirs (1 lira

89 TeTri iyo guSin baTumSi, Cveni wamosvlis win _

avt.), Zviria nomeric. unda SeviZinoT, sxva ra gza

gvaqvs, ojaxebTan da aqaurebTanac kavSiri gvWirdeba...

faqtiT Sewuxebuli zaza ambobs: amitomac ar muSaobs

mTel TurqeTSi sxva qveyanaSi SeZenili telefoni. Ta-

visi fasebi aqvT da sxva telefonebi dablokeso. aqve

vityvi, rom kavSiris sxva saSualebac gvaqvs, interne-

ti, skaipi, feisbuqi, magram isini araa yovelTvis mosa-

xerxebeli, yovel SemTxvevaSi, telefons ver gvicvlis

interneti...

SeviZineT telefoni, nomeric, CavrTeT... ojaxSi

davreke, nargulis vesaubre guSindeli mgzavrobis Se-

saxeb. guSin sapatio ,,oci mizezis gamo (telefoni ar

gvqonda, sxva _ raRa saZiebelia) ver davureke, vici,

inerviulebdnen. Cemi Seryeuli janmrTelobis gamo wu-

xan ojaxSi, dardoben, Tumca araferi miWirs sadarde-

beli da sawuxari...

zaza murad Sahins esaubra stambulSi. dagvpirda,

mamaCemi mova da dagexmarebaTo, Tu saWiro iqneba, mec

Camovalo unieSi!

kargia! muradi kargad icnobs unies da uniel qar-

Tvelebs. igi Cveni momavali monografiis Tanaavtora-

dac warmogvidgenia, vnaxoT, ras gadawyvets TviTon.

axla es araa mTavari, axla unda gavideT sofleb-

Si da muSaoba daviwyoT. pirvel sofelSi Sesvlaa mTa-

vari, Semdeg gavikvlevT gzas.

18

lodinsa da sastumros ZebnaSi SuadRe gaxda. male

aRmovaCineT sastumro ,,ankara~. misi mepatrone qarTve-

lia, sastumroc mSvenier adgilas dgas, qalaqgareT,

zRvis sanapiroze (zemodan dahyurebs zRvas), Tu imasac

davumatebT, rom Cveni oTaxi, 902-e, pirdapir zRvas ga-

dahyurebs... mSvenieri pirobebia, fasic _ misaRebi.

SuadRe gaxda. daviRaleT molodiniT. visadiloTo,

gadavwyviteT da qalaqSi wavediT, sadac qarTvelebi

gavicaniT.

muzafer beriZe _ gagvecno brge, dakunTuli axal-

gazrda. kargi qarTuliT saubrobs. etyoba saqarTve-

losTan aqvs mWidro kontaqti. muzaferis metyveleba

araa ucxo garemoSi gazrdili muhajiri aWarelis STa-

momavlis metyveleba. arc Sevmcdarvar. aRmoCnda, igi

oci welia saqarTveloSi biznesiT yofila dakavebuli.

agvixsna, amden xans TbilisSi vsaqmobdi, axla baTum-

Sic minda gavakeTo rame, baTumSic unda wamoviwyo biz-

nesio...

kargi mosaubrea muzaferi. gaigo ra Cveni Camos-

vlis mizezi, daxmareba aRgviqva, dagexmarebiT, ,,bazari

araao~, mouqcia ,,Cveneburad~.muzaferi CaTalfinaridanaa. sofeli sam kilomet-

rSia uniedan. wagiyvanTo, dagvpirda, Curuqsuelebis

sofelia, gagacnobT iqaur gurjebso!

sadilis Semdeg CaTalfinarisaken wavediT. pirve-

lad vifiqre, Rirda ki dRes muSaobis dawyeba? ukve

gviania, Ramdeba, awi ras movaswrebT? jobs, wavideT,

SevxvdeT iqaurebs, daviwyoT saqme...

CrdiloeTisaken wavediT, gavcdiT qalaqs da male

CaTalfinarSi viyaviT. soflis centrSi gavCerdiT...

TiTqos gvelodnen, CaTalfinareli Curuqsuelebi

Sekrebilan jamikarze. Cans, muzaferma izruna...

19

Curuqsuelebi Segxvdnen sixaruliT, ucxooba male

davZlieT, gavecaniT! male muzaferic movida, Rimilia-

ni da amayi...

baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis profesorebi

varT, CvenTan erTad arian aWaris ar umaRlesi sabWos

deputati zaza SaSikaZe da umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdo-

maris moadgile niaz zosiZe, aWaris televiziis muSa-

kebi... saTiTood vacnobT eqspediciis wevrebs maspin-

Zlebs. Tqvenze wignis daweras vapirebT, vagrZeleb me,

gvsurs gagicnoT da gavacnoT Tqveni cxovreba saqar-

Tvelos-meTqi, _ vumxel Cvens mizans Curuqsuelebs, _

ase uwodeben TavisTavs CaTalfinareli qobuleTlebi.

yuradRebiT mogvismines, cotac gaikvirves, magram

gagviges da gverdiT dagvidgnen.

saqmes SevudeqiT. ramdenime wuTis Semdeg CaTalfi-

naris centrSi aseTi suraTi gadaiSala:

_ Tinas Semoukrebia moambeebi da iwers aqaurTa

folklors. cdiloben Curuqsuelebi, Tavs ar zogaven,

ixseneben, mRerian kidec...

_ nugzari gancalkevebula ramdenime qobuleTel-

CaTalfinarelTan, yofis sakiTxebi, naTesaobis termi-

nologia, yvelaferi ainteresebs...

_ zaza iwers raRacebs, nacnobs azustebs, axals

eZiebs...

_ rusudani garemos zveravs, swavlobs, arCevs mo-

maval respondents.

_ me Cems jers velodebi. bolos gavixme ramdenime

adgilobrivi gurji, magidasTan CamovsxediT da saqmes

Sevudeqi...

gavicaniT erTmaneTi:_ xusein niniZe _ bilgini! _ gamecno erTi._ erqan beJaniZe _ ossi! _ warmomidga meore..._ mamia faRava _ gavecani mec.

20

_ saidan movidnen Tqveni dedeebi aq? _ vekiTxebi

maT.

_ niniZnebi xucubnidan varT. voTxi Zma wamosulamuhajiraT: gulCita//gurCita, osmana, dilbera, su-leimana. gurCita Cemi babua iyo, _ brZana batonmaxuseinma. osmana _ osmanas babuaa, _ mimiTiTa iqve,meore jgufTan mTxrobel biZaSvilze. dilbera uSvi-lo yofila, arc suleimanis badiSebi viciT...

uWirs qarTuli xusein niniZes. saubrisas Cerdeba,

fiqrobs, rogor Tqvas qarTulad esa Tu is fraza,

zogjer Turqulad aboloebs saTqmels. ase iqceva xu-

seini, ase iqcevian sxvebic. ufro marTebuli iqneba

vTqvaT, xuseini da sxvebic, jer Turqulad moifiqreben

frazas Tu winadadebas, Semdeg qarTulad Targmnian

da gamoTqvamen, zogjer Targmansac ver axerxeben da

Turquladve amboben. es imitom, rom maTTvis Turqulia

sabaziso ena da ara qarTuli, sxvagvarad, Turqulad

fiqroben da ara qarTulad.

barem vityvi, rom xuseini samocdaSvidi wlisaa, uk-

ve emeqlia, magram kvlav muSaobs, benzinmzids marTavs,

benzingasamarT sadgurs amaragebs.

_ rodis wamovidnen Seni dedeebi baTumidan?

_ bin seqiz uz doqsan uC (1893?) wels wamovden!mcire xnis Semdeg xuseinma gaixsena:_ dilberas gogo faSas qali iyo istambol, vaT-

teTin faSas qali!mTxrobelma jer Tqva ,,uSvilo iyoo dilbera~,

Semdeg _ ,,faSas qali~ iyoo dilberas gogo. aq ara-

nair winaaRmdegobasTan ara gvaqvs saqme, arc araferi

SeSlia informators. saqme imaSia, rom b-nma xuseinma

21

roca gviTxra ,,dilbera uSvilo~ iyoo, igulisma vaJi

ar hyavdao, ,,gogoSvili xom Svili araa!7

islam beJaniZe gvismenda, iSviaTad Tu SeaSvelebda

xusein niniZes azrs.

b-ni islamis winaprebi sofel qobuleTidan wamo-

sulan, aq dasaxlebulan. Cans, xuseini Zunwadmetyvelia,

mokle pasuxs iZleva kiTxvaze, ufro ,,ki" an ,,ara~...

lamazi sofelia CaTalfinari, raRaciT qobule-

Tur sofels gvagonebs: xeobaSi gaSlili mdinaris

orive mxares. Cans, mSromeli xalxi cxovrobs aq. Ziri-

Tadi kultura Txilia, Tesven simindsac, sxva baxCe-

ulsac, inaxaven saqonels, magram TiTo-orola suls.

aqaurebis ganmartebiT, Txili Semosavliani kulturaa,arc Sroma unda gansakuTrebuli: ,,ori Tve imuSave, aTiTve gededevi fexi-fexze,~ _ xumrobs batoni xuseini.

mainteresebs, muhajirebma axal sacxovrisSi xom ar

moitanes mSobliuri soflis geografiuli saxelebi.

vkiTxulob. am sofelSi aseTi ar Cans...

_ ratom qvia am sofels CaTalfinari? _ vekiTxebi

islam beJaniZes._ CaTalfinari maRaradan mua. imis saxeli qvia. aq

wyali ario, imisTvin darCenilan. aqaurobaSi Camosu-lan, sul bziki iyo. qarTvelebi asi kilometri(?) zeTwesulan. iqa aWarlebi arian. aq aWarlebi da maWaxle-lebi ar arian.

Cans, muhajirebi axal sacxovrisSi kuTxeebis mi-

xedviT dasaxldnen. gansxvavebasac kargad xedaven maT

Soris. movusminoT islam beJaniZes:Cven Txil vCiviT, iginma kakali Civian;Cven nigozi vCiviT, iginma kakali Civian;

7 ,,Svilis semantikis Sesaxeb ix. m. faRava, masalebi ,,SvilissemantikisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi. rsu samxreT-dasavleT sa-qarTvelos samecniero-kvleviTi centri, krebuli, VI, 2009, gv. 3-27.

22

Cven vaSli vCiviT, iginic vaSli Civian.igini yolifer kakali Civian, simindic kakali Civi-

an...am sxvaobas xedavs islam beJaniZe da dasZens:aWareli sxva ari;maWaxleli sxva ari;Curuqsu sxva ari...qobuleTeli axlac ganasxvavebs qobuleTsa da aWa-

ras..., baTumeli _ orives.

aqve ganvmartoT islam beJaniZis gamonaTqvamic: ,,i-

gini yolifer kakali Civian, simindic kakali Civian~.samxrul kiloebSi, aseve gurulsa da imerulSic, kaka-li - cali, marcvalia, erTis mniSvneloba aqvs. islambeJaniZisaTvis es ucxoa, amitomac ambobs gakvirvebuli:

,,igini yolifer kakali Civian~. vityviT, rom qobuleTu-

risaTvis ,,kaklis es mniSvneloba ucxo ar aris. amis

dasturia am kuTxeSi gavrcelebuli gamoTqma: ,,erTi

kakala baRana xavs" (niSnavs erTi Svili yavs), ,,erTi

kakali ar moiba~ (ityvian xilze _ mandarini, msxali,

vaSli...).

winaparTa xsovna gamZafrebulia muhajirSi. es ar-

caa gasakviri. mSobliur fesvebsmowyvetili kaci mSob-

liuris xsovniT cxovrobs, aRmerTebs mas, xSirad um-

niSvnelo movlenas aRmatebul ferebSi warmoidgens...

gansakuTebiT es iTqmis emigrantTa pirvel Taobaze.

samSoblodan gadaxvewili axal samkvidrebels gaiCens

ucxo mxareSi, ojaxs Seqmnis, Svilebs dazrdis... magram

gonebiT ver scildeba mamul-deduls, iq ,,aTen-aRa-

mebs~. gavixseneb muhajiris erTi STamomavlis erT mo-

naTxrobs:muhajirSi wamosuli Cveni ojaxi mTebSi cxovrob-

da. baRnebi ezoSi viTamaSebdiT. mzis Caslixan nenegadmogvZaxebda: amoT axla saxSi, mze zRvaSi Cevdaukve, daRamdao. mikvirda, CvenTan mze mTebs efareba sa-

23

RamoobiT, mTebs ukan Cadis, nene zRvas ratom ambob-so. mere mivxvdi, nenes misi sofeli axsovda qobleTSi.iq xom zRvaSi Cadis saRamoobiT mze.

tipuri SemTxvevaa. ,,nene ucxo mxareSi gadaixvewaojaxTan erTad, sxva qveyanaSi daido bina, magram wavi-

da xorcielad, gonebiT, fiqriT, qobuleTSi darCa.

emigrantTa mexsierebaSi daileqeba da Taobebs ga-

daecema mSobliuri ezo-karis, soflis orRobis raRac

maxasiaTebeli: ezoSi mdgari xe, babas darguli bali

Tu ezoSi _ beberi xeWeWuri, Zeluri saxli, Tu demi-

ra vaSli... saukunis Semdeg maTi STamomavlebi kiTxu-

loben, isev dgas Tu ara is xeo... zogjer ise cxove-

lia gancda, rom zogierTi getyvis: ,,axla Cven sofel-

Si rum Cevde, Cvens saxls vicnob, ezoSi Wanura sxali

dgas..."

amiT surs emigrantis Camomavals xazi gausvas Ta-

vis identobas...

barem vityvi: muhajiri ucxo mxareSi CarTulia

,,kulturaTa dialogis rTul procesSi. am dialogSi

erTi kultura mZlavrobs meoreze, Sedegad vRebu-

lobT erTi kulturis meoreTi Canacvlebas. es aris

umZimesi procesi. gansakuTrebiT, roca saqme exeba lin-

gvisturi asimilaciis (sintagma niko marisaa avt.) pe-

riods. nebismier SemTxvevaSi uWirs adamians Tavisi

identobis mTavari niSnis, mSobliuri enis dakargva.

muhajirebSi Cven swored am procesis momswre da mxil-

velni varT... ufrosi da saSualo Taoba jer kidev

inarCunebs Tavis meobas, axalTaoba umetes SemTxvevaSi

kargavs mas, rac, upirvelesad, qarTuli enis arcodna-

Si gamoixateba.

_ Seni dede-babuaidan ramdenis gaxsenebas SeZleb?_ Cemi babuas saxeli xuseina, imis babas saxeli

rizmana!

24

babuas, ,,didi babas~ iqiT ver midis batoni xusei-

nis genialogiuri codna. is ki icis, rom rizman niniZe

Camosula Curuqsudan._ Cemi nene SubaliZe iyo, _ ixsenebs xusein niniZe.

SubaliZnebi arian iqa? _ mekiTxeba.verafers vpasuxob, aseTi gvari qobuleTSi ar gami-

gonia, egeb iyo odesme. SesaZlebelia, gvaris nawili

muhajirad wavida, nawili kidev saqarTvelos sxva kuT-

xeSi gadasaxlda da SublaZed (

25

sul ,,aWareli arian iqana~. iqidan (baTumidan _ avt.)jer TamazaSvilebi/TamazoRlebi mosulan, mere - Cven.

Cans, aq mosul qobuleTel emigrantebs TamazaSvi-

lebi daxvdnen. sainteresoa, isini ufro adre wamovid-

nen muhajirad, Tu gzaSi dawinaurdnen? sxvagvarad, mu-

hajirTa sxvadasxva talRis warmomadgenlebi arian, Tu

ubralod sxva gvarebze adre movidnen am kuTxeSi Tama-

zaSvilebi? bunebrivad Cndeba jer pasuxgaucemeli

kiTxvebi._ safrieloRlebi arian iq? _ mekiTxeba islam be-

JaniZe da agrZelebs: aq arian. safariZe _ voTxi baRanamosulan: ali buZie, xalil buZie (misi badiSi var me_ azustebs mTqmeli), memed buZie, suleiman buZie,wyavrokadan mosulan.

_ axlac bevri arian aq?_ axla aq varT vozdaxuTi saxli, bevri varT Cven

beJaniZnebi. sul yvelas voTxi-xuTi baRana, bevrivarT. aqana sami gvari qnen: quTlu, erol, suer. uqu-meTma ase daswera. erT erze ar movden, ar igi qnano.

niniZnebic samaT daswera uqumeTma: bilgini, sezeri,Celigi.

vsvam kiTxvas: ratom daanawevra mTavrobam gvarebi?

nuTu marTla imitom, rom Zmebi da maTi STamomavlebi

daeSorebinaT, da mxolod es iyo mizezi? am etapze ra-

imes mtkicebisagan Tavs SevikavebT, Sesabamisi masalis

arqonis gamo. vnaxoT, iqneb daiZebnos gansxvavebuli pa-

suxi an pasuxebi. iqneb muhajirTa STamomavlebma gvipa-

suxon am kiTxvaze. erTi kia, danawevrebuli ojaxisa da

gvaris asimilacia Tu aRreva sxva kulturaSi gacile-

biT iolia...

aqauri qarTveli cdilobs, SeinarCunos qarTuli

geni, amitomac erideboda, ufro krZalavda sxva tomis

warmomadgenelTan qorwils. Tumca axla gaxSirda Se-

reuli qorwinebac, rac aseve bunebrivi procesi Cans.

26

didi qveyana da didi qalaqi arRvevs nacionalur Car-

Coebs._ Turqs (igulisxmeba TurqeTSi mcxovrebi yvela

tomi, qarTvelis garda _ avt.) gogos ar mivscemT, gla-xa saqmea. iginis adeTebi ar mogvwondeba. Cven saWmeleb-Si bevri niori, xaxvi, qinZi, prasa vurTobT, iginma arician, _ gvixsnian aqauri gurjebi.

iwunebs xuseini Turqul adaTebs, yovel SemTxve-

vaSi sakuTari urCevnia, iwunebs mezoblis samzareu-los... aseT xalxze gogo ar miicema. ,,Cven moslamdeTurqebma saxli ar icoden,~ Cven vaswavleTo saxlisgakeTeba... Cven axlac ,,ise vakeTebT lobias, TqvenTanrom akeTeben~.

_ mainc rogor akeTebT Tundac malaxtos?_ lobia qara, moxarCven, kakala iyosda lobia,

qinZi, niori, pitna-mitna, Waxe yurZnis wveni (isrimi _avt.) unda, ise ar iqs... kitris erTgan iWmeba... xis gob-ze unda Seazavoo malaxto lobio da kecis mWadTTan

erTad miirTvao, _ daamTavra malaxtos qeba xusein ni-

niZem.

ician CaTalfinarelma qobuleTlebma malaxtos ga-

keTeba, Cans, kargi gurmanebic arian. dRemde SeunaxavT

malaxtos qobuleTuri varianti. maxsendeba batoni

aziz axvledianis madisaRmZvreli monaTxrobi (gemrie-

li Txroba icis batonma azizma _ avt.):

_ dedaCemi inaiSvilis qali iyo qobuleTidan. zaf-

xulSi xSirad vstumrobdi biZebs. bebiaCemi malaxtos

gaakeTebda _ nigvziT, SaStramiT, qinZiT, prasiT, kuxis

wveniT (isrims eZaxian qobuleTSi kuxis wvens _ avt.)

xis gobze Seazavebda, pimpili da marili unda kbende-

so. gamzadebul lobios xis sufraze mouqcevda, kecis

mWadis natexebs, kitrsa da mwvane pilpils Semouwyob-

da... da SeveseodiT. erTmaneTs ver vxedavdiT, gorasa-

27

viT idga lobio. male gvirabebiviT gaCndeboda da... er-

Ti gobi lobio SeiWmeboda...

es malaxtos batoni aziziseuli qebaa. gemrielia

malaxto, bebias Semzadebuli gansakuTrebiT da sasia-

movno bavSvobis madliani wlebis gaxseneba...

,,Turqs gogos ar mivscemdiT, arc viTxovdiT. gla-

xa saqmea. iginis adeTebi ar mogvwondeba..._ martivad

da gasagebad agvixsna batonma xuseinma, sxva araa mTa-

vari, meorexarisxovania. ,,adeTebSia~ Senaxuli xalxis

meoba. swored adeTis moSlas erideba emigranti qar-

Tveli. sxva gulubryvilo msjelobaa, Tumca erovnuli

samzareuloc araa umniSvnelo sakuTari meobis mtkice-

bisas...

_ Tqveni meuRleebi (qalebi) vin arian?_ aWarlebi arian Cveni qalebi, sxvas ar viTxovT! _

gveubneba xusein niniZe.

Cans, da bunebrivic aris, Zneli iyo axal samosax-

loze damkvidreba...

SevniSnav, rom muhajirebs sacxovreblad aurCeviaT

mSobliuri soflis msgavsi adgilebi, amitomacaa aWa-

riswylisxeobelTa da maWaxlelTa soflebi ufro maR-

la, qobuleTelTa, CuruqsuelTa _ ufro dabla. klima-

tiTac mimsgavsebulia muhajirTa soflebi qarTuls.

Curuqsueli muhajirebi mogviTxroben winaprebis

Tavgadasavals ucxo miwaze. mogviTxroben qobuleTuri

aqcentiT, qobuleTuri Txrobis maneriT. sainteresoa,

rogor SeinarCunes qobuleTuri gamoTqma saukunis Sem-

deg muhajirTa STamomavlebma, miT umetes, ucxo kul-

turul garemoSi. meorecaa da aqcenti, Cans, adamianSi

genetikuradaa mocemuli:

saubarSi xusein niniZe CaerTo. Tvisi ojaxis ambebs

ixseneb:

28

_ Cveni didi nene iyo, me imas Sevxdi. xuTi wlisbaRana iyo, rum movda. faSa-bibi etyodiT mas. me asiweliwadi gamoviare, vori kibili gamovdao, ityoda.

xazgasmul formebs Tu davumatebT qobuleTur

moqcevas, moyvanili teqsti qobuleTuri metyvelebis

tipuri nimuSia.

Tavdapirvelad muhajirebi da maTi STamomavlebic

sofelSi cxovrobdnen. jer sofelSi unda daemkvidre-

binaT Tavi da moepovebinaT arsebobis ufleba. asec mo-

iqcnen. Semdeg moZlierebulebma qalaqsac miaSures. so-

feli da soflis cxovreba veRar akmayofilebda maT

moTxovnebs. qalaqSi eZebdnen samuSaos, magram sofel-

Tan kavSirs ar wyvetdnen. ase iyo winaT, asea axlac:_ zamfxulSi sofelSi mualT, zamTarSi qalaqSi

mialT, _ ambobs xusein niniZe. es cxovrebis nacadi we-sia muhajirTaTvis. bunebrivia, qalaqSi wamsvlelma

Turquli unda iswavlos, sxvagvarad ver gaikvlevs

gzas am veeberTela qveyanaSi. aucilebelia, Svilebi

skolaSi Seiyvanos. skolac moiTxovs Turquli enis

codnas. qarTulad mozardi mxolod ojaxSi saubrobs

mSoblebTan da da-ZmebTan. xSirad gaigonebT muhajire-bisagan: ,,skolaSi rum Sevedi, Turquli erTi Reri arvicodi, mere viswavle...~ skolaSi kidev mkacroben. sji-an ymawvilebs qarTulad laparakisaTvis, aTasgvar sas-

jels igoneben mSobliur enaze molaparakeTa dasasje-

lad. maxsendeba klarjeTSi klarjisagan gagonili:skolaSi baRanam wamaqcia. gavhersdi, qarTulad da-

vagine. maswavlebelma gimibRezda da enaze lemsi dama-so, gurjula ratom delaparikeo...

ase iyo TurqeTSi, ase iyo ruseTis imperiaSi (ga-

vixsenoT akakis naambobi). Cans, dampyrobluri Tu asi-

milatoruli ideebi xSirad erTgvaria.

qalaqSi Cavidnen, cdiloben iq damkvidrebas, magram

TurqTan (zogadad sxva eris warmomadgenelTan) dana-

29

Tesavebas eridebian, rac bevr winaaRmdegobas uqmniT,

magram es erTaderTi gzaa maTi meobis gadasarCenad.

sakuTari identobis SenarCuneba gacilebiT iolia qar-

TvelebiT dasaxlebul sofelSi, vidre mravalerovan

qalaqSi. qalaqi xom sxvadasxva kulturebis Sexvedris

adgilia, sxvagvarad, ,,kulturaTa koqteilia~:

malaxtos erTi kargi varianti maswavla batonma

xuseinma, sxva kerZebis momzadebis wesebis mokiTxvasac

vapirebdi, magram Cveni kulinariuli varjiSi veRar

gagrZelda. yuradReba miiqcia ezoSi myofTa moZraobam:

davinaxe, yvela erT adgilas ikribeboda, viRacas sazi

mohqonda, Canda, simRerisaTvis emzadebodnen, ufro

swored, zogi simRerisaTvis emzadeboda, zogic _ ,,sa-

seirod. mTavaria, orive mxare emzadeboda... kargia,

ufro Zvirfasia, Tu musikaluri folklori Senaxulia

muhajirebSi. Tumca sazze dakvra, bunebrivia, araa qar-

Tuli musikaluri folklori.

Cans, muhajirebs didi dapirispireba hqoniaT dam-

xvdurebTan _ TurqebTan, berZen-rumebTan, somxebTan...

(aqve erTi ganmartebacaa aucilebeli: ratomRac aqauri

qarTveli berZnebs romaelebad, rumebad moixsenebs:

romi>rumi, romaeli). am dapirispirebis mizezebs sxva-

dasxvagvarad xsnian, magram mTavari erTia: sarwmunoe-

bisaTvis ltolvilebi cdilobdnen, ar Sereuliyvnen

sxvebTan, Tundac isini erTmorwmune Turqebi, somxebi

an rumebi yofiliyvnen. ltolvilebi kargad acnobiere-

ben, erTmorwmuneoba ar niSnavs, rom erTni arian; isini

gansxvavdebian cxovrebis wesiT, gansxvavdebian eniT,

sakarmidamos mowyobiT, qorwinebis, dakrZalvisa da

saWmlis momzadebis wesebiT, bevri sxva niSniT. movus-

minoT mTxrobelebs:_ Cveni baRnobaSi aqa erTi Turqi ar iyo, sul yve-

la Cvenebi iyven. aqauroba yofila tye, tyeSi Camosu-

30

lan, damjdaran. aqa rumebi yofilan, faSas uTxrobia,iqidan monavali kacebi daJden, agini gavdenoTo.

,,gadanes~ aqedan sxvebi, magram winaaRmdegoba amiT

ar dasrulebula. ,,faSam ki Tqva, ,,monavali kacebi daJ-

deno~ aq, dasxdnen kidec, magram axla mopovebulisa

Tu boZebulis SenarCunebaa saqme, amasTan sakarmidamo-

sa Tu, zogadad, cxovrebis mowyobaa saWiro am ukacri-

el xeobaSi.damaxasiaTebelia aseTi monaTxrobic: Turqebi ity-

oden, zedan CamoviarT, CaTalfunaridan raferda gev-

deTda, ada zofa vWamoT, ada a fulebi mivcoT un-da. muceli geZRosda. Tu ar miscem, zofas Wam, zofa-Si ver gadarCebi. Sieri arian kacebi, ra qnas unda? Wa-ma unda kacebs...

mosasmenad arc Tu sasiamovno ambavia, magram vera-

fers SevcvliT, esaa realoba. Cans, zogjer Zaladoba-

sac ar eridebodnen ucxo mxareSi gadaxvewilebi...

aRsaniSnavia, rom aq, am kuTxeSi sacxovrebeli Ze-

lurebi muhajirebma aaSenes, baRebi gaaSenes, sofels

soflis saxe qarTvelma emigrantebma misces: Tavdapir-

velad jargvalebi gaikeTes, Zeluri saxlebi, iseTebi,

rogorebic memleqeTSi hqondaT - mogvianebiT, gaaSenes

msxali, vaSli, tyemali, nigozi, wyavi, Joli, bali,

leRvi..., daTeses pureuli, bostneuli da baxCeuli...

Txili, romelic dRes pirveli kulturaa am mxareSi,

swored muhajirebma moitanes, yovel SemTxvevaSi asea

maTi monaTxrobidan.

dablobia aq, zRvis piri. zafxulSi malaria

(cxro) awuxebT, koRo da buzi ar asvenebT, zamTarSi

sicive. amitomac mravalma datova dablobi da maRla

aitana soflebi, iq sadac civi wyali da jansaRi hae-

ria, sadac ar aris koRo da buzi, ar aric cieb-cxele-

ba. zogierTebma gauZles gaWirvebas da dabla darCnen.

31

respondentis monaTxrobidan kidev erT faqtze mi-

vaqcev yuradRebas: aq bevri Savi yurZenic aris. yurZen-sa (demeq Cveneb muutanian) muajir uzums etyvian...

Sav yurZens, Cveulebriv adesas, ,,muajir uzums

uwodeben aq, sxvagan _ baTumuras. yurZeni da Txili

wamoiRes emigrantebma da gaaSenes axal sacxovrisSi,

SesaZlebelia, zogierTi sxva xilic, maTi mSobliuri

kuTxisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, rac araa SemTxveviTi...

Tumca nu gavuswrebT movlenebs, mivyveT eqspediciis

msvlelobas, vnaxoT, ra informacias mogvcems sxva

soflebi.

muhajirebi xils iyeneben saWmelad, sxvadasxva ker-

Zsac amzadeben xilisagan, rac ucxo iyo adgilobriv-

TaTvis:

_ yurZnis wvenidan fafas viqT;_ bJolidan, vaSlidan, yurZnidan beqmezs gavake-

TavT._ biadan leCers (//murabas) gavakeTavT, ,,Zaluan ka-

a~, leRvis leCeri gavakeTavT...saxli aiSena pirvelma muhajirma, Zeluri, babas

saxlis msgavsi: ,,zeT saxli, qveT _ axori~, axorsgverdiT hqonda sabZelic (samalluRi), ezoSi _ ,,nali-e kilau~. ,,Cven araferi ar gvqonda ki, naliaSi Segve-naxa.~

diax, nalia Rarib kacs ar sWirdeboda, masSi Sesa-

naxi umravlesobas araferi hqonda, fuxara iyo, ,,fuSi

ar uZReboda~, magram sakar-midamos aucilebeli atri-

buti iyo da yvela iSenebda...

cotani iyvnen zengilebi. vnaxoT, vin iTvleba mdid-

rad: ,,zamTarSi visac simindi aq, zengili kaci iyo".sruliadac araa saWiro bevri qoneba, zengilad

rom CaiTvalos ojaxi.

_ beReli Tu icodiT?_ beReli iSte naliea, hem beReli, hem nalie.

32

nalia _ beRlis funqcias asrulebso, muhajirma.

asecaa. funqcias, risTvisac sxvagan beReli gamoiyene-

ba, aWaraSi da muhajirTa soflebSic nalia asrulebs;

originaluri nageboba marcvleulisa da sxva sanova-gis Sesanaxad, saTavso, sadac ,,ver imuSavebs Tagvi~...

,,qarTveli~ salanZRav sityvad qceula muhajirebSi.

qarTveli, emigrantis gagebiT, aramuslimania, qristia-

nia. aramuslimans kidev cudi TvaliT uyurebs musul-manobisaTvis devnili: ,,Cveni dedeebi ityvia: ekidi,qarTvelo...~ gveubneba xusein niniZe da iqve ganmarteba-

sac moayolebs: ,,qarTveli aqa gavr etyvian, qarTveligavr Civian...~

axla, vgoneb, gasagebia, ratom lanZRavdnen muhaji-

rebi erTmaneTs: ,,Sen qarTveliSviloo~; igive datvir-

TviT gamoiyeneboda _ ,,Se moskoveloo~.

saRamoa ukve, magram aravin apirebs muSaobis Sewy-

vetas, arc maspinZlebi gvaZleven amis saSualebas.

qorwilis Sesaxeb vekiTxebi respondentebs:

_ rogor qorwils gaakeTebT-meTqi aq Cveneburebi?

_ movkiTxavT. im kacs ka gogo xavs. wevalT didikacebi, davniSnavT, mere ori dRe qorwil viqT.

_ qorwilSi ra kerZebs moamzadebT?_ gavakeTebT: karma, buriani (karTofiT da xorciT

iqneba), su boreRi, sarma, axni, filavi, taTli... Rvinoaraa!

_ qorwilis sufris dakaveba iciT?_ hoo, dodofal rom weyvaneben, sufras dekave-

ben, _ filavSi kovz daasoben, moiTxoven: axla movdes-da raxi, qaTmebi, sigaretebi... racxas moiTxov, moitane-ben.

saubarSi rizal beriZe (moliSvili, molazade) Ca-

erTo:

33

_ qorwilSi xoroms isamebden, ,,xoromi ar deleo-da, ase isamebden. aWarlebis qorwilze wevedi, devnaxe:

hoda, ho... ase isameben sami, oTxi, xuTi kaci erTgan...cekvis sxva saxeobas ver ixseneben CaTalfunareli

Curuqsuelebi. Cans, ,,xorumi yvelaze ganTqmulia aq.

zogjer vfiqrob, ,,xoroni~ zogadad cekvas xom ar niS-

navs aqaurTa qarTulSi?

erTi leqsic gaixsenes Cemma Tanamosaubreebma:nenem kaba Simikera,welze moWirebuli,nenev, male gamaTxue,Zalvan var gaWirvebuli...davubrundeT saqorwilo rituals:_ im Rames dilamde gavaTenebdiT biWis saxSi.

racxa gvinda mogvitanonda, ar metan... haerSi visro-diT. ar moitanda, Tavani dexriteboda. gevezobas vety-odiT. gakuWeba ar ari. gakuWtebi, saxli waaqceven...

xSirad mayris Wirveuloba yvela zRvars scilde-

boda, saqme sabZlis gadawvamde an naliis, sadac oja-

xis wlis sarCo inaxeboda, waqcevamde da mewveli Zro-

xis dakvlamdec misula. mayars xaris dakvlac mouTxo-

via... maspinZeli ar unda gabrazdes, Tu gabrazda, uare-

si misTvis.

zogjer qal-vaJs erTmaneTi SeuyvardebodaT, mSob-lebi ,,ar iyabulebden~ sasiZos. aseT SemTxvevaSi ,,go-go geqceoda~. xSirad saSineli bolo hqonda aseT ga-dacdomas: ,,gogo romen geqceva, maSin kac moklian,~ _gveubneba mTxrobeli. siyvaruliT dawyebuli saqme

mtrobaSi da kacTakvlaSi gadazrdila xSirad. qalze

Sexeba ojaxis Seuracxyofad aRiqmeba, ojaxis Seuracx-

yofa, misi Rirsebi Selaxva, ki aravis epatieba...

Znelia gasagebad, magram ase iyo...

xusein niniZe kargi mosaubre gamodga, Tumca sity-

vaZunwi. Tavs Zalas atanda, cdilobda, gaexsenebina so-

34

felSi naxul-gagonili da daekmayofilebina Cveni in-

teresi.

davemSvidobe xusein niniZes: madloba vuTxari, Se-

wuxebisaTvis bodiSi movuxade!_ kidev modiTo, _ mTxova, qiTabs rum dasweravT,

mec minda, kaa, mqondeso._ qiTabs davwerT da aucileblad ,,gaxvedreb-meT-

qi~, _ davpirdi.

meore magidasTan gadavinacvle, romelsac usuf

alCini (inaiSvili) da xasan niJaraZe usxdnen da nug-zar mgelaZes maspinZlobdnen.

nugzari kiTxvebiT avsebda respondentebs, genealo-

gias adgenda maTs. naTesaobis terminebi ainteresebda,

iwerda, azustebda, xSirad CakiTxavda xolme, rames

kargad Tu ver aRiqvamda. zogjer ar esmodaT misi

kiTxva baton usufsa da xasans... nugzarma moaxerxa da

Caiwera niJaraZeebisa da inaiSvilebisagan vin wamovida

aq, vin darCa qobuleTSi, rogor warimarTa emigranti

niJaraZeebisa da inaiSvilebis cxovreba... rac icodnen,

uTxres.

nugzari aZalebs:

_ iq xom darCa viRaca, yvela xom ar wamosula?

vinc darCa, imas ra erqva? (surs, genealogiuri xis

fesvebisaken wavides ufro Rrmad)._ iq rum darCa, imis saxeli saidan mivxtoT Cven? _

gakvirvebiT kiTxulobs usuf niJaraZe...

nugzaris kiTxvebs veRar auvlen, vatyob. jobs, sau-

bari sxva Temaze gadavitano.

sofelSi Sesulebs yvelaferi gvainteresebs. vfiq-

robT, rac SeiZleba meti informacia movipovoT.

dakrZalvis wesze vekiTxebi, mokled mpasuxoben:

_ kacma saxSi mokta, vori dRe darCeba. xval TubaRnebma mouda, Caflian, Tu ar movda, duucdian iSte.baRana ityvis, mualo, duucdian...

35

aRar CavZiebivar, vatyob, xalisiT ar saubroben

dakrZalvis sakiTxebze.

_ nadiri bevria Tqvens tyeebSi?

_ aq bevri Roria, moklen, gadaagdeben. Txa ari,Txa mokla, asaRia, ima ver mokli. Rori _ serbesia(nebadarTulia _ avt.). daTvis ver mokli, igic asaRia.aqa moklanda kurdReli, SaSvi... tyeSi we, Txa naxe,ima saxSi ver weRef, uqumeTs micenda.

_ Rori sofelSi ar Camodis?_ Rori simindSi Seva sul gaawarwalebs ZirSi,

imas Zroxa ar Wams. turam delia. tura ki delia, Ro-

rebi gabrevlda. Rame aginSi arebian..._ Roris xorcs ar WamT? amboben, gemrieliao taxis

mwvadi, goWis xorcic kargiao _ gamomcdelad vuyureb

pasuxis molodinSi._ Cvenze xeramia. CvenSi muslimanobaa, Rori xerami-

a. imis xorcsa vincxa Wams, gonja gaxdeba, mikrobiaSiT. windawin Rori mokale, uqumeT kibili muuta, fi-SeR moqcemen...

_ diax, Rori SavSeTSic bevria, maWaxelSic, klar-

jeTSic, iqac xocaven, yrian...

SeZlebulad cxovroben CaTalfunareli qobuleT-

lebi. Txili mohyavT, Semosavalic kargi aqvT, beds ar

uCivian. moswonT Txilis kultura, muSaoba bevri ar

undao... saxlebic kargi auSenebiaT. Zvelebur oda-sax-

lebs sofelSi TiTqmis veRar naxavT.

vaTvaliereb CaTalfunars. momwons xeobaSi gaSli-

li sofeli. yvelgan Txilia gaSenebuli, alag-alag

vxedavT simindis yanebs, lobios, kitris, pomidoris na-

Tesebs. xilic Cans sakarmidamoSi: msxali, vaSli, qlia-

vi, tyemali... mdinarispirebze xarobs Txmela, cxemla,

eweri, bardi, tabela... raRaciT qobuleTs gvagonebs Ca-

36

Talfunari, Tumca es saqarTvelo ar aris. Tumca ra-

tom, sadac qarTvelia, iqaa saqarTveloc._ ZvelaT saxSi vori kari iqneboda, musafiris da

odas calke, _ iwyebs Txrobas usuf inaiSvili._ odaSi Tqven cxovrobdiT? _ kiTxulobs nugzari.

_ ki!

_ saxlSi ra gqondaT? (avejze vekiTxebi)._ saxSi? seqvebi gvqonda, minderi (kalxoTura _

daazusta mTxrobelma _ avt.), legeni, sufra, gobi... ravici, gvqonda.

_ mosafiri rom movidoda, legens da wyals rom

moutandnen xelis dasabanad, rogor etyodnen: ,,xeli

deba~ Tu ,,xeli defSvnite~/,,xeli demSvene~?_ musafiri movdoda, xels daabaniebden, ra vici,

ras etyoden..._ Zvelad Turqebs rogori saxlebi eqnebodaT?_ Turqefs foToro saxli xqonda, patvani, saqaTme-

saven. amxelvani fenjere xonda (xeliT maCvenebs pata-rao _ m.f.). Cvenze zengini arian axla. Cvenebma ar imu-Saven. aTi tona Txili gavakeTe, viri ver viyide, imanCemTan imuSava, manqana iyida. Semxdeba, gimiCerebs,mcxvenia...

am patara monaTxrobSic Cans qobuleTeli kacis

xasiaTi...

Cais mTavazoben maspinZlebi. uars veubnebi, davlie-

meTqi ukve ramdenimegzis.

Cveni wamosvlis dro movida. Sebindda. sastumroSi

unda davbrundeT. CaTalfunarelebi gvacileben, saTi-

Tood gvarTmeven xels, gvepatiJebian, darCiTo CvenTan,

,,derCinebao Cvens sofelSi~, kidev modiTo, vilapara-

koTo...

vemSvidobebiT. bevri sofeli gvaqvs mosavleli eq-

spediciis dReebSi. Tu movaxerxebT, kidev vewveviT Ca-

Talfunars.

37

5 ivlisi, xuTSabaTi. sauzmis Semdeg solamazisa-ken wavediT, romlisTvisac axla saxeli SeucvliaT dahaniali uwodebiaT. sofeli arcTu Sorsaa Cveni sas-tumrodan. benzingasamarT sadgurTan gavCerdiT. aq ni-

aT TaSi, axalgazrda gurji gvelodeba. dRes is iqneba

Cveni megzuri.

niaTma qarTuli kargad ar icis, Tumca Cveni sauba-

ri esmis, gaWirvebiT Tavadac gvagebinebs.

ofisSi migviwvia niaTma. Cai SemogvTavaza, soda, ai-

rani... ras miirTmevTo, airCieT. amasobaSi misi mSoble-

bic movidnen: meriem TaSi, deda da suleiman TaSi, 87

wlis babua.

babua suleimans uWirs qarTuli, sityvaZunwicaa.

Cans, uqeifodaa moxuci. meriemi ki mkvircxli qalbato-

nia, kargad saubrobs qarTulad, ar Cerdeba, cdilobs,

miiqcios Cveni yuradReba. erTi ram TvalSi sacemia:

aqauri kargi meqarTulec ki xSirad, ise rom verc

xvdeba, gadadis Turqulze. amitomac gvixdeba Sexsene-

ba: ,,gurjije gvelaparake, TurqCas ver vgnebulobTo~.

es bunebrivicaa. isini xom ori enis matareblebi arian

da xSirad saojaxo urTierTobaSi qarTulTan erTad

Turqulsac iyeneben. axalma Taobam, Svilebma, SviliS-

vilebma xSirad xom ar ician qarTuli. qalaqSi gai-

zardnen, iq iswavles, iq saqmoben, qarTuli ver, an ar

iswavles.

Segvatyo ra Cveni ganwyoba qalbatonma meriemma,gviTxra: didvanebma mokten, gamowyden. axlebma ar ici-an, Turqebura iwavles, imisTin...

wvimdeba. vCqarobT. q-ni meriemi gvepatiJeba: Cai

sviT da ise weT, CvenTanac mobZandiT, aran-marangasvamT...

momwons misi sxarti saubari, diqcia. raRacebs vi-

niSnav rveulSi:

38

_ ra lamazaT werav! o, gav?! _ aRfrTovanebasver faravs qalbatoni Cemi Canaweris xilvisas.

_ Seni dedeebidan aq vin movida? _ vekiTxebi sule-

iman TaSs._ baba!_ ras ityoda, aq rogori adgili da xalxi iyo?_ baba ityoda, gurjistanidan rom movedi, aqavro-

ba gafxekili erebi iyoo. memre aq mosulan megem did-vanebi, erebi Turqeb avarTviT. fuli miveciT, avar-TviT.

_ vin cxovrobdnen am mahaleSi Tqvenamde?_ urumebi! baba ityoda, urumebi movdoden, saWmel

Wamden, wevdodeno. hama CvenTan zianqari ar yofilano..._ ramdeni Svili gyavT?_ xuTi myavs, biWebi arian, gogo ar myavs. qalic

momikda. qali aWareli iyo TurqebSi gazdili... baba

ka kaci yofila, ka erebSi Camjdara, qali uTxoviaiq...

suleiman TaSis deda Turqi yofila, amitomac cu-

dad icis qarTuli Turqi dedis gazrdilma. uWirs mo-

xucs qarTulad laparaki da moZraoba. CvenTan saubari

uxaria, siamovnebiT gvpasuxobs kiTxvebze...

moxucs davemSvidobeT. niaT TaSi Cagvijda manqana-

Si da muhajirTa soflebisaken gzas davadeqiT.sofeli axbaba maWaxlelebiTaa dasaxlebuli. la-

mazi sofelia, mTis ferdobebze Sefenili. Txilis ba-

Rebi, simindis yanebi, xexili... Cans sofelSi. pirvelad

CiloRlebis ezoSi gavCerdiT. farTe ezoa. saxls aSe-

neben CiloRlebi. RimiliT gamogvebeba maspinZeli, ma-

le mezoblebic Seikribnen. Tavs dagvtrialeben maspin-

Zeli ojaxis axalgazrda qalbatonebi, debi, dilara

da daria CiloRlebi.

39

dilara ufrosia, ordus universitetis studentia,

saxelmwifo marTvis specialobaze swavlobs. Tormeti

wlis daria ki skolis mowafea. stumarTa gamaspinZle-

bas dilara Taobs: Rimilianma mogvarTva darCeuli

Txili, namcxvari da Cai... gogonebi qarTulad ver la-

parakoben, Tumca Cveni laparaki esmiT. male daZlies

ucxooba, SegveCvivnen, siamovnebT CvenTan yofna. Rimil-

sa da siTbos ar gvakleben ojaxis ufrosebi... tipur

qarTul ojaxSi varT, ucxo kulturiT gajerebul,

magram mainc qarTul ojaxSi.

_ qarTuli iswavle, veubnebi dilaras, dariasac

aswavle, sxvagvarad gurjoba ar iqneba. ded-mamasTan

qarTulad isaubre da iswavli...

_ viswavlio, _ RimiliT mpirdeba dilara.

me mjera misi...

dilara da daria Tu Seasruleben dapirebuls da

axalgazrda CiloRlebs sxvebic mibaZaven, maSin gadar-

Ceba muhajirTa STamomavlebis qarTuli geni, gadarCeba

dRemde saTuTad Senaxuli qarTuli, dedeebis motani-

li da ramdenime Taobis Senaxuli adaT-wesebi, riTac

siamayiT upirispirdebodnen ,,kudianebs~, mezoblad

mcxovreb erTmorwmune ucxotomelebs da inarCunebdnen

nacionalur meobas.

vecnobiT sofels. gvainteresebs axbabelma maWax-

lelebma ramdenad Seinaxes qarTuli. vesaubrebiT ezo-

Si Sekrebilebs.

Cemi respondenti murad gelioRli ormoci wlisaa,

osmalobamdeli qarTuli gvari ar icis; icis, rom misi

winapari maWaxlidan movida, iq molloRlis etyoden.

murads hgonia, rom molloRli misi qarTuli gvaria.

CavkiTxe. mainteresebs, ra icis winaparTagan gadmocemu-

li:

40

_ baTumidan movsulvarT, aq davsaxlebulvarT.amas zeT ver naxav Cvenebur... Cven iqavreb, qvabiTave-leb gvetyvian. qvabiTaveleb Wuxas digviZaxeben aq...

qvabiTaveli molloRlebi CemTvis sainteresoa. vi-

ci, Cemi winaparic molloRli iyo osmalobis xanaSi.

gamigonia, Cveni gvaris ramdenime ojaxi qvabiTavSi

cxovrobs. vfiqrob, aqvs ki murads saerTo Cems maWax-

lel naTesavebTan? (Tavad araferi icis maWaxlel na-

Tesavebze). vin icis, ramdeni molloRli Tu molaS-

vil-moliSvilia am kuTxeSi muhajirad wamosuli. visi

winaparic mola iyo, molloRli uwoda TavisTavs da

STamomavlobasac gadasca es zedwodeba.

,,Wuxa qvabiTavelebis Zeglia, sigelia. ras unda

niSnavdes? ratom Wuxa? muradi mixsnis:

_ aRi guufenian qvabiTavelebs da SaSv SuuWamia.maSin Wuxa digviZaxes Cven...

SaSvis ,,Wux-Wuxis~ gamo Searqves qvabiTavelebs

,,Wuxa~? SeiZleba, ratomac ara. Zeglis Serqmevis sababi

xom konkretuli SemTxvevac xdeba.

_ ra xdeba, ra gWirT am maWaxlelebs, RimiliT ve-

ubnebi murads. maWaxlelis mier ,,aRis gafenaze~ xum-

roben SavSeTSi, bazgireTSi gansakuTrebiT. ar mjero-

da dRemde, rom ase iyo saqme, magram ager Senc mixsni,

ratom eZaxian qvabiTavelebs ,,Wuxas~...

axla yvelaferi naTelia CemTvis...

_ asea, RimiliT meubneba muradi, asea da me ranavqna?!

murads bursaSi umuSavia, axla _ emeqlia.

_ rodis gadmosaxldiT axbabaSi maWaxlelebi?

_ 1893 wels!

ratomRac 1893 wels asaxeleben sxvaganac. ratom

1893 weli? vfiqrobT, raRac safuZveli aqvs am TariRs,

SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. sainteresoa, gavarkvioT, ra-

41

ime cdomilebasTan gvaqvs saqme, Tu am welsac iyo ga-

dasaxleba?

CiloRlebis ezoSi Sekrebil axbabel maWaxleleb-

Tan muSaobs eqspedicia:

_ malxazs gadasaRebi moedani gaumarTavs, Sua xnis

mamakacisagan intervius iwers...

_ ezos kuTxeSi nugzars miumwyvdevia viRacebi da

aqauri maWaxlelebis cxovrebis wesebs iwers Tu azus-

tebs...

_ ruslani suraTebs iRebs...

_ Tina da giorgi folklorul nimuSebs agroveben:

andazebi, leqsebi, Selocvebi, wyevlis formulebi, no-

es kidobani da kidev ra aRar ainteresebT...

_ Tamars isev kerZebi da maTi ,,receptebi~ aintere-

sebs...

_ niazs _ leqsebi, sxva ambebic.

_ maiko interesiT akvirdeba aqaurTa metyvelebas,

iwers saintereso frazebs Tu gabmul teqstebs.

_ zaza axbabel maWaxlelebs esaubreba niaTTan er-

Tad...

fusfuseben eqspediciis wevrebi. mec vakvirdebi ma-

WaxlelTa metyvelebas:

sasadilo magidas ,,sufras eZaxian axbabeli gur-

jebi. sainteresoa! sufra _ erTiani xidan gamoTlili

dabali magidaa (jorkoebiT rom miusxdebodnen garSe-

mo), kargad cnobili mTels aWaraSi. TandaTan xis suf-

ra maRalma magidam Secvala, saxeli Zveli darCa: sasa-

dilo magidas sufras eZaxian qvemoaWaraSi, Cans, ara

marto aq. ,,sufra Cveulebriv sasadilo magidis sa-

fars hqvia. amdenad, qarTulSi:a. sufra = tabla;b. sufra = sasadilo magida;g. sufra = sasadilo magidis gadasafarebeli. aqe-

dan ,,sufra gaSala~, ,,gzebze sufris gadafena...~

42

,,sufrasTan misxdoma~ es sintagma Zvelia, imdoin-deli, roca sufrad xisagan gamoTlil patara magidas

iyenebdnen.,,Zveleburi sufra gvali iyo" azusteben maWaxle-

lebi.

zogierTi leqsikuri erTeuli iqcevs yuradRebas:buRvri _ brinjis msgavsia (Sdr. burRuli: buR-

vr

43

mozelaven puris fqvil, sufraze gaweven, Seqer da-ayrian, nigoz gaWiWyaven, daayrian, gemrieli iqneba.

,,wixa~ ar gamigonia Cvens kuTxeSi, daaxloebiT am

receptiT ,,burmes~ gaakeTeben CvenTan, oRond nigoz da

Saqarmoyril comis fenas ruletiviT daaxvevdnen (Seg-

ragnavdnen), damdnar karaqs (erbos) moasxamdnen, sinze

daalagebdnen, daWridnen mozrdil naWrebad, sajs daa-

xuravdnen, nakverCxals daayridnen (daaxvetebdnen) da

Sewvavdnen; Semdeg cxel ,,SerbeTs~ daasxamdnen, gaaci-

ebdnen da miirTmevdnen...

gemrieli tkbileuli iyo. maxsovs, sofelSi axali

wlis wina dReebSi gaakeTebdnen (qorwilebSic icodnen

baqlavasTan erTad). ojaxSi gviyvarda tkbileuli, gan-

sakuTrebiT bavSvebs, zogjer arc ,,moparvaze vambob-

diT uars.

vfiqrobT, ,,wixa~ (wirexa?) igive ,,burmea~ saxel-

Secvlili: ,,burme Turqulia, ,,wixa _ qarTuli.muhajirTa yofis kidev erT niuanss mivaqcevT

mkiTxvelis yuradRebas.

samSoblodan ayrilebma wamoiRes saxlis mSeneb-

lobis tradiciebi. axal sacxovrisSi daiwyes iseTi

saxlebis Seneba, rogoric samSobloSi hqondaT, da ara

iseTebis, rogorsac adgilobrivebi aSenebdnen, _ ufan-

jro jargvalebs:ficriT akeTebden saxls. xizriT daxerxevden.

Tqveni saxlebis ania (msgavsia _ avt.), mosulan, aniguukeTebian. axori saxlis qveS iyo, zedan saxli. zeTqiremeTi (kramiti - avt.) ar iyo. ar Camearoso, yavarsdaxurevden: yavars daawyobden, yavarze _ qvebs. saxliodebaT iyo dayofili, yvela odas fenjeri eqneboda.

_ yavars muxiT (lursmniT _ avt.) ar daaWedebdnen?_ ara, muxi ar icoden! _ gveubneba uqsel CiloR-

li.

44

batoni uqseli xuroa, Tavadac uSenebia Zeluri

odebi.

am monaTxrobSi sainteresod gveCveneba saxlis wyo-

ba: qveS axori, zemoT _ sacxovrebeli sarTuli.

mogvwons Cveni respondenti: kargi mosaubrea, bev-

ris mnaxvelic...

_ Tqveneburi qorwilis Sesaxeb miambe, _ vTxov b-n

uqsels._ gogos devnaxavT, mevwonebT, mivalT, mis babas

movTxovT. momca momca, ar momcems, gavaqcev!_ rom ,,gaaqcevdi, gogos baba ar gahersdeboda?

_ vcdilob maTive kiloze movuqcio._ gabRezdeboda, Simirigdeboda!qali gavaqcie, liveriT momdeven, gevqeci. vici, zo-

fada vWamo, ar gevqcevi?_ diax, galaxvas garideba jobia, _ vuwoneb saqci-

els b-n uqsels. miT umetes, Tu Tavs damnaSavedgrZnob.

vusmen maWaxlelTa metyvelebas, vcdilob, sainte-

reso formebi ar gamomrCes da Caviwero. ai uqseli me-

kiTxeba:_ ki mara, magis dro geqnebea?ucnauri formaa _ geqnebea. bolokidura a kiTxvi-

Ti nawilaki unda iyos, misi winamavali e ki fonetiku-rad saxecvlili a: geqnebaa>geqnebea (aa>ea disimilaci-

iT).maWaxlel muhajirTa metyvelebaSi kiTxviTi a-s

povniereba sayuradRebo faqtia. Cans, igi ixmareboda

maWaxlur kilokavSic, Tumca dRevandelma maWaxlurma

maWaxelSi kiTxviTi a ar icis.

dilara da daria dedasTan erTad gagviZRvnen me-

zoblad mcxovreb zulfie CiloRlisTan, 86 wlis qal-

batonTan: kargi meqarTuleao, gvimtkicebdnen. gzad

45

vsaubrobT, mcenareebis saxelebs vkiTxulob. debi cdi-

loben, amixsnan qarTulad, zogjer axerxeben kidec.

ezoSi misulebs q-ni zulfie yanaSi dagvxvda, muSa-

obda.

dilaram dauZaxa, stumrebi ariano gurjistanidan,

Seni naxva undaTo.

ramdenime wuTSi gamxdari, Cia tanis qalbatoni mo-

adga Robes. gagvecno, mogvikiTxa:_ saidan mosulxarT?_ baTumidan movediT, Cveneburebis gacnoba gvinda--

meTqi._ kaa rom modiT! _ mogviwona saqcieli.q-ni Tina CaerTo saubarSi:

_ amboben, Selocvebi iciso zulfie nenem qarTu-

li, gvaswavle, davweravT, Cvenc SevulocavT...

uari Tqva moxucma Selocvebis swavlebaze. misi

mtkicebiT, Tu Selocvas sxvas aswavli, aRar gaWris...

ase swams zulfie nenes da Znelia, azri Seacvlevi-

no.

Tina da q-ni zulfie saubroben. me viwer maT dia-logs. SeniSna Cemi qceva moxucma da gaaprotesta: ,,amaxedav, go, malaparakosda, akrifosda da dawerosda...~

am mcire komentaris Semdeg sulac uari Tqva sau-barze, moimizeza: ,,ar vici, araferi ar vici, davberdi,damabiwyda~.

mainc vTxov, mogviyves rame._ damabiwyda, ver vityvi, _ uars ambobs moxuci,

bevri xanma geara, damabiwyda._ heqia mogviyevi, neneebi rom ityoden, imferi! _

vTxov q-n zulfies._ heqiasac vityodi, hama ver vityvi, codvaa, movkte-

da, neni, erTi fexi miwaSi maq.

46

axali mizezi moigona moxucma. raRas gavawyobdiT,

davemSvidobeT da ukan gamovbrundiT, muradis ezoSi,

sadac eqspediciis wevrebi gvelodebodnen.

Cveni wamosvlis dro movida. davemSvidobeT CiloR-

lebis ojaxs. dilaram parkSi Txili Cagviyara, nam-

cxvrebi Caalaga meore parkSi, gzaSi miirTmevTo, ga-

mogvatana.

gzas davadeqiT. ramdenime kilometri gaviareT.

gzaze mimavali moxuci Segvxvda. niaTma manqana gaaCere-

bina, gurjia, daelaparakeTo.

sari TofaloRli aRmoCnda, 89 wlis varo, gviTxra

gacnobis Semdeg._ rava xar? _ mekiTxeba batoni sari._ karqa var. Tqven ,,rava xarT?

_ ka var, ka!_ saidan mosulan Tqveni Zvelebi?_ iqidan mosuli arian, baTumidan._ Tqveni gvari? soadi, _ davuzuste b-n saris.

_ Cven TofaloRlebi varT!Semdeg ganagrZo moxucma:_ Cvenebi rom mosulan, Turqebma ar icoden megrem

saxli gakeTeba, yani gaToxna... aq ermenebi yofilan,imaT urtyen, Cvenebmac urtyen, memre geqcen. ermenebmamaTi saxlebi dawves... imtoni ar vici.

morwmune kacia batoni sari. hajad yofila, wminda

adgilebi moulocavs da dResac erTgulad emsaxureba

mahmadis sjuls.

_ babu, Zvelad nads rom gaakeTebdiT, imRerebdiT

nadSi?

_ Cvenebura imRerebden, aba! imtol ver vityvi:... heva, heva, hee, hava heee...mere sityvebi ar vici. nadebi aTi kaci, oci kaci

iqneboden. faqvaSi, dede, ise vityodiT... erTmaneb vaSe-

47

ligebdiT. Cven xuTi-eqsi agze vityodiT, xuTi-eqsi gaR-ma qedze...

naduri simRerebis Sesaxeb xsovna cocxlobs aqau-

rebSi, jerjerobiT momRerals ver SevxvdiT. vnaxoT,

egeb wavawydeT vinmes, visac jer kidev axsovs Zvelebu-

ri simRerebi. erTi ramec unda gaviTvaliswinoT: axal

droSi moiSala Zveli, tradiciuli meurneoba, Zvele-

burad aRar iTeseba yana, arc nads iwveven, Sesabamisad,

daviwyebas eZleva naduri simRerebic. Cemi azriT, fase-

ulia nadSi namReri naduri, Toxi rom uwevs akompani-

ments, simReras oflis suni rom axlavs, momRerlis

yelidan daRlili xma amodis... sul sxvaa scenaze nam-

Reri igive simRera, dednis surogati, Teatralizebu-

li, dayenebuli xmiTa da Teatraluri kostumebiT...

saaris naambobidan kidev erT detals mivaqcev yu-radRebas: Turqebma ,,Teli dewavles, imaT saxli gake-Teba, nalias gakeTeba ar icoden, dede. garcxva, gake-Teba Cvengan iwavles, dede...~

aqaurTa saubridan Cans, rom muhajirebma am kuTxe-

Si axali kultura moitanes, romelic damxvdurebmac

aiTvises. zogjer gadaWarbebuladac SeiZleba moeCve-

nos kacs respondentTa monaTxrobi, magram unda gaviT-

valiswinoT erTi faqtic: mosulebma ver igues adgi-

lobrivTa tradiciuli yofa, sxva mizezebTan erTad,

amitomac moizRudes Tavi, Caiketnen ucxoTaTvis, riTac

gadaarCines sakuTari identoba...

b-ni saris metyvelebaSi davafiqsireT sayuradRebozmnuri forma _ garcxva. gvxvdeba igi SavSurSic, d.guramiSvilis enaSic, sxvaganac.

Cveni respondenti kidev erT faqts miaqcevs Cvens

yuradRebas:Curuqsuelebma wminda lapariki ician!diax, qobuleTel muhajirTa STamomavlebi gamoir-

Cevian CveneburTa Soris, rogorc kargi meqarTuleebi.

48

Zvelad, skolaSi wasvlamde, bavSvi ojaxSi qarTu-

lad laparakobda. xdeboda isec, rom zogierTi, gansa-

kuTrebiT qali, mTeli cxovreba arsad gadioda da

verc Turquls swavlobda, icoda mxolod qarTuli.sari TofaloRli gvetyvis: win-win Turqula ver de-laparikebdi, axla oquli gamovda, Cvenebur ver dela-parikeb.. Turqula... Cvenebura. hem Turqula, hem Cvene-bura.

orive ena unda icodeo, gvixsnis moxuci: ojaxSi

Cveneburi, gareT _ Turquli. orenovneba CveneburisaT-

vis realobacaa da bediswerac, ufro sabediswero rea-

loba. skolaSi axalgazrda iwyebs axali kulturis

gacnobas... da es axali TiToeul emigrantSi ebrZvis

sakuTars, iwyeba kulturaTa gausaZlisi dialogi pi-

rovnebaSi: TandaTan ucxo kultura Trgunavs mSobli-

urs, Sesabamisad, icvleba metyvelebis manera, Raribde-

ba leqsika, adamiani eCveva ucxo adaT-wesebs, xSirad

iviwyebs mSobliurs... es fsiqologiuri stresia TiToe-

ulisaTvis. sabolood mexsierebaSi daibindeba, daile-

qeba mSobliuri, qarTuli, gaaqtiurdeba SeZenili, meo-

reuli... Sedegi ki aseTia: axalTaobam icis, rom ,,dedebaTomidan movda~, rom ,,eski gurjia~... Tavad ki aricis mSobliuri ena, igi Turquli kulturis nawilia.

esaa muhajirTa dRevandeloba, esaa muhajirobis,

rogorc movlenis saboloo Sedegi...

muhajirTa cxovrebis wesi, meurneoba gansxvavebu-

li iyo winaT. axla Sromisunariani qarTveli qveynis

Siga regionebSi midis, iq muSaobs, iq iwyobs samosax-

los, iq gadis pensiaze. zafxulobiT Tu moikiTxavs

sofels soflidan gadasaxlebuli. Sesabamisad, Zveli

sayaneebi da saTibebi Txilis plantaciebma daikava, da-

viwyebas mieca mecxoveleoba, aRaravis axsovs memTev-roba da ailebi mTaSi: win-win bevr Zroxeb vijebodiT,axla aRar vijebiT _ gaigonebT muhajirebTan. sofels

49

didi Sroma da Wapanwyveta axlavs, magram mainc fux-

robaa misi Tanmdevi. qalaqSi wasulma gaWirvebas daaR-wia Tavi, welSi gaimarTa. win-win dasawveni loginebiar gvqonda, abli, axla gvaq. imdedvani gvqonda, stuma-ri movdoda, mezobleb avarTvamdiT. axla oci loginigvaq...

karga xans visaubreT sari TofaloRlisTan. sain-

tereso moxucia, bevri ram gadaxdenia, cxra aTeuls

miRweuli xvalindel dReze fiqrobs, imediT uyurebs

momavals.

sezar somoRli, 58 wlis muhajirTa STamomavali

gveaxla, gagvecno, gvesaubra.

sezarma qarTuli gvari ar icis. varaudobs, ,,co-

moRlebi viyaviTo uwin. babuamisi, suleiman somi, mo-

sula aq 1910 wels. sezaris TqmiT, qoqleqi ermenebissofeli yofila. misi winaprebi baTumidan rom mosu-lan, ,,aTaS xainar fulaSi~ damjdaran, TeTri yurZe-ni duurgian, xeze evdoda. ,,Rvari gamosula, weRo, wev-

da wyalma~. efratidan (maWaxlis xeobaSia _ avt.) oTxi

Zma wamosula ,,baRan-buRniT~: ayufi (sezaris babua),

osmani, usufi, yadiri. pirvelad isinic sanapiroze da-usaxlebiaT, ,,beTvani buzebi yofilan~ iqa, dautovebi-aT iqauroba da aq, mTebSi gauSenebiaT axali sofeli.

muhajirTa monaTxrobebSi xSirad vxvdebiT brZo-

lis epizodebs. Cans, Zneli iyo ucxo qveyanaSi fuZis

Cayra da damkvidreba. muhajirTa yoveldRiuroba iyo

brZola Tavis gasatanad; brZola garemosTan, damxvdu-

rebTan... moduneba daRupvis tolfasi iyo. amitomac ib-

rZodnen, zogjer mZlavrobdnen, ukadrebelsac kadru-

lobdnen zogjer, oRond Tavi gaetanaT, oRond gadar-

Ceniliyvnen.

damaxasiaTebelia aseTi epizodebi muhajirTa moTx-

robebidan:

50

_ win-win aq rom ermenebi iyven, Cveneb etyoden, ro-me xari momiyva, davkladao. ar muuyvanden, urtyamden!

simindi motao, ar miitanden, urtyamden!ermens uTxrobia axmedasTvin, xuTi baTmani daaf-

qvie, moitao. ver uSovnia. ermenebma dakles ori kaci,Tavi yazuRze wamodves, TuTxmeti dRe yofila...

_ erTi emia myolia, uniedan movdoda, Txebi yoli-a. Txebi momceda, ar momceda... duuklian...

irgvliv Zaladoba batonobda. aseT pirobebSi arc

muhajirs unda eCvenebina Tavi Zabunad, masac unda ga-

moeRo xeli, pasuxi gaeca moZaladisaTvis, magram arcTofis srola da kacis kvla iyo ioli: babaebma wevden,ver esrolen im kacs. erTi bibia gvyavda, kacze-kaci,evda ojaxze, bragdamica, mokla meger.

mkvlels pasuxi unda gaeces. Tu saWiro gaxdeboda,

Cveneburebi erTiandebodnen da ise sjidnen ucxotomel

moZalades...

sastumroSi dabrunebulebma eqrem gurgeniZe (xox-

neli), sastumros direqtori gavicaniT.

eqremma icis dedeebis ena, Tumca uWirs. mSoblebma

ukeTesad iciano qarTuli...

vTxoveT eqrems, egeb vaxSami aqve mogvimzadoTo.

dagvpirda. erTi ulufa TxuTmeti lira dajdebao. Zvi-

ria, magram sxva gzas ver vxedavT, unda davTanxmdeT:

_ zRvispira qalaqia unie, fasebic Sesabamisia, _

ambobs zaza.

_ siZvirea mTel TurqeTSi, siZvirea uniaeSic, gamo-

naklisi xom ver iqneba es qalaqi? _ vambob me.

nomerSi avediT. saRamos sastumros mepatrones, as-

lan aTabegs unda Sevxvde. iqamde jer droa. saRamomde

qalaqSi gavlasac movaswrebT.

qalaqSi fehmi jerahoRlis SevxvdiT, aWarel muha-

jirTa STamomavals. quCaSi gagvecno, gaigona ra qar-

Tuli saubari, gamogvelaparaka:

51

_ Cveneburi xarT? saidan moxvediT?_ baTumidan CamovediT, aqaur qarTvelebs veZebT,

,,gevcnoTda,~ _ mivuge me.

fehmi fexze wamodga. saTiTood CamogvarTva xeli,

Semdeg ofisSi migviwvia, Caize dagvpatiJa.

samocdaaTs mitanebuli kacia fehmi, SeiZleba me-

tic. kargad gamoiyureba. hajadac yofila, morwmune ka-

cia, sxvagvarad ver moiqceoda. bevri ,,usaqmia~, Semdeg

skola da saavadmyofo auSenebia samadlod, didi fu-

li davxarjeo, moxucma. axla es maRazia gavxseni, mic-

valebulis momsaxurebisaTvis saWiro nivTebs vyidi,

gaWirvebulebs ufasod vaZlevo...

samadlo saqmes akeTebs fehmi!_ sad dgaxarT?_ sastumro ,,ankaraSi~, qalaqgareTaa!_ mag otelis patroni Cemi arxataSia, aslana aTa-

begi, mis biWsac vcnobilof, atilas, Cemi arxataSia...b-n aslans daureka fehmim, Seni stumrebiao CemTan,

baTumeli profesorebi, saRamos, axSalamazis (

52

batoni aslani Rrma moxucia. sastumros atila

marTavs. mama amayobs vaJiT. saubarSi Tqva: ,,Cemi atilamagaria, valTan liveriT Seva, Tu daWirda. ufrosmabiWma aTi dili (ena _ avt.) icis, qarTuli ar iswavla,raT mindao~.

aslan aTabegi aTabagebis didi gvaris Camomavalia.

gvesaubreba Tavis winaprebze, aTabagebze, TavdgiriZeeb-

ze, sxvebze...

sastumros mosamsaxures dauZaxa aslan aTabegma,

misi oTaxidan Zveli suraTebi Camoatanina._ es Cemi xanumia! _ gvaCvenebs axalgazrda, sando-

miani qalis suraTs, fayvaZis qali iyoo baTumidan,gvamcnobs.

fayvaZeebi faRavebis agaris arcTu ricxvmravali

Stoa. davinteresdi. CavkiTxe baton aslans, xom aravin

gaxsovT Tqveni xanumis naTesavi-meTqi.

veravin gaixsena._ qali momikta, mere _ Svilic, deSala cxovreba-

o, _ Cailaparaka Sewuxebulma.Zveli dokumentebi, nivTebi, suraTebi xom ar dag-

rCaT? _ Sevcvale saubris Tema._ bevri iyo, gaCeCTa, araferi maqvso, _ momigo, Tan

daumata: bodrumSi aris Cemi Zveli wignebis nawili,biWma weRo, Zveli qaRaldebi erTma profesorma we-Ro, wers racxas, gagacnofT im qalso, _ dagvpirda ba-toni aslani.

iqneb marTla hqondes raime saintereso sigel-gu-

jari aTabagTa Sesaxeb, iqneb faRavebis Sesaxebac,

dRemde ucnobi. yvela SemTxvevaSi saintereso iqneba

aTabegTa ,,arqivis~ xilva...

gviani Rame iyo moxucebs rom davemSvidobeT da da-

saZineblad wavediT.

ar meZineba, ufro ar minda daZineba. rveulSi viwer

dRevandeli dRis Sesaxeb... malxazic rukebs uyurebs,

53

aRniSnavs dRevandel marSruts, Semdgom rom Seadgi-

nos muhajirTa soflebis ruka.6 ivlisi, paraskevi. diliT quSCaSi wavediT aWarel

muhajirTa STamomavlebis sanaxavad. amJamad quSCaSi

cxovrobs:

CikvaiZe _ xuTi ojaxi. vaioeli xasan CikvaiZis Ca-

momavlebi;

lorTqifaniZe _ karaahmedoRli;

gonioRli/RonioRli _ orive formas amboben.

sirabiZe;

gogiaSvili.

aqaurTa monaTxrobic tipuria, didad ar gansxvav-

deba sxvaTagan:_ Zmebi yofilan, pirvelad qveiTebSi yofilan. iqa

buzi yofila, sivrisireRi. mere ka iyoso da aq amosu-lan. unieSi Cveni axrabebi arian.

buzi da cxro, _ ori umTavresi mizezi, ramac muha-

jirebi aiZula baridan ayriliyvnen da maRlobSi eZe-

baT samosaxlo.

ufros Taobas jer kidev axsovs qarTuli._ Cveni lapariki rafra ari? _ kiTxulobs gogiaS-

vilebis Camomavali da interesiT miyurebs pasuxis mo-

lodinSi.

_ karqa ari Tqveni lapariki, gvagnebief yvelafers,

_ vuqcev mec.

ezoSi vsxedvarT. eqremis meuRle saxlSi fusfu-

sebs, male isic SemogvierTda, yava da tkbileuli mog-

varTva.

niazi cdilobs, aalaparakos eqremi. xumrobs, Tavis

sofelSi gagonil tyuil-marTals ixsenebs, egeb davac-

denino raime sityvaZunw maspinZelso.

_ niazi aWaris milleT veqilia, vacnob stumars

maspinZels. aWaris umaRlesi sabWos Tavmjdomaris mo-

54

adgile. vfiqrob, egeb niazis Tanamdebobam gaWras-meT-

qi.

gaWra Cvenma mcdelobam, TandaTan alaparakda eqre-

mi.

_ rame Zvel, zaTindel ambavs ver gaixseneb? wigns

vwerT Tqvenze, minda, vicode Tqveni ambebi, _ veubnebi

maspinZels._ ho, ra vTqva? me oci da xuTi weliwadi samsun

visaqme. almanias viyav, maqman manqanas akeTebden, iq vi-saqmebdi. mere wamuedi, emeqli gavxdi.

erTi ambavi gaixsena maspinZelma fiqris Semdeg

(Cans, fiqrobda, eTqva Tu ara, ufro gvndoboda Tu

ara. sifrTxile ucxo mxareSi gadaxvewili kacisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa):_ aqovrobis dede Sieri darCa da... Turqs puri

moTxva, ar mica Turqma. Samuuara, hem mokla, puricaarTva. Sioda, ra eqna...

_ Sieri kaci ras ar ikadrebs, _ veubnebi, vcdilob,

,,gavamarTlo~ ,,dedes naqmari~, Tumca ra gamarTleba

SeiZleba moeZebnos kacis kvlas? ,,Sioda, ra eqna~ TiT-

qos amarTlebda babuas eqremi, magram aklda damaje-

rebloba, igi ar iyo amayi babuas saqmiT.

TandaTan mogvendo eqremi. Cvenc SevagulianeT, ,,am-

feri ambvebi gvindao~, niazma.

_ taa myavda, ta, pawa kaci iyo, hama Zalvani.yvelas aSinebda. igi ar yofiliyo, aq ar viqnebodiT...

ukve ramdenime dRea vusmen muhajirTa Camomavlobis

moTxrobebs da vfiqrob, bewvis xidze dadiodnen muha-

jirebi, vidre axal samSobloSi daimkvidrebdnen ad-

gils. yoveli fexis nabijze faTeraki iyo Casafrebu-

li, SimSili ki _ yoveldRiuri Tanmdevi. aseT pirobeb-

Si ,,gabeduleba~ da ,,vaJkacoba~ didad fasobs. Tumca

etyoba, Txroba zogjer gazviadebulia. winaprisagan

55

gmirs qmnian STamomavlebi, adideben winaprebs. aqvs

aseT qmedebas gamarTleba..._ yahve svi, _ mTavazobs maspinZeli._ ,,Seqeri maq, Seqrian yahves ver vsvam", _ mivuge

qalbatons._ amis qali Zalvani bRezi yofila, kaci SeqriT

gamxdara avaT, _ Semicoda eqremis colma._ amis qalic milleT veqilia, _ CaurTo niazma._ avaT gaxdeba, aba ra iqneba: saxSi saqme, garSi

saqme, avaT gaxdeba kaci, aba ra iqneba. qali milleTveqili, kaci _ saxSi, ra kaa? _ niSnismogebiT brZanamaspinZelma.

sakmaod enakvimati qalbatonia, moWarbebuli iumo-

riT.

_ Sen kacs Seqeri ar aq? _ kiTxulobs niazi._ jer ar aq!_ aq Turqebi cxovroben, kai xalxi arian? _ kiTxu-

lobs niazi, Tan eSmakurad iRimeba pasuxis molodinSi._ Turqebs kudians vetyodiT, iginic kozaxs (duum-

wifebels, Waxes) digviZaxeben, _ gveubneba eqremi.arc maWaxlelebi moswons eqrems maincdamainc._ xajobaze wevyvanea? axla bRezdeba, ratom wimiy-

vao, pawa saqme darCa, _saubarSi CaerTo eqremis co-li.

_ Tqven xumrobT, agi icinis, _ CaurTo niazma, ver

xedav ar brazobs?_ Tqven aq xarT da imiza, wexvalT, gahersdeba, _

brZana qalbatonma.

karga xans visaubreT eqremis ezoSi... vpirdebiT

ojaxs, rom wignSi SevitanT maT saubars.

gurgeniZeebis ojaxidan wamosulebi jamikarze ave-

diT. yavaxanis win davsxediT, vsaubrobT. CvenTan arian:

jemil CikvaiZe (qeskini), iaSar bairaxtaroRli (de-

vaZe), nejaT ilmazi (molloRli), dursun ahmed qiun-

56

ju... osman bairaxtaroRlis STamomavlebidan _ memed

bairaxtaroRli-devaZe.

mogviTxroben, rom vaiodan muhajirad mosula ram-

denime devaZe erTi ojaxidan: ali CauSi, Serif CauSi,suleiman CauSi, fadime CauSi. ,,dedeebma qalebiT movde-no~, amboben. ,,Serif dedes yavda ori baRana (biWi)~.

am kuTxeSi bevri devaZea, _ sofelSi ocdaxuTi, ga-

reT _ asocdaxuTi ojaxi.

CemTvis, rogorc mkvlevrisaTvis, saintereso iyo

aqaurTa dialogi:_ Cemi dedem movda, baTumi TurqeTi iyo.

_ ras eblayunebi da xar, Turqebi ar iyo!_ baTumi rom Cveni iyo, maSin osman dede duniaze

ar iyo. rom ar ici, me Sematie._ romel wels wevda baTumi rusiaSi?_ enver faSis dros. huqumaTma meTxva, imanac mica.

erebi mogvca, davjeqiT aqa, maSin Cveni didi Tavi vah-dedin faSa [iyo].

sxvebiviT quSCeli muhajirebic Caiketnen TavisTav-

Si: ,,Cven aqa arc gares mivcemdiT, arc movyvandiT...~ _acxadeben quSCeli aWarlebi.

barem aRvniSnavT, rom muhajirad wamosulebs qedi-

dan wamouRiaT Savi yurZeni, TeTri vaSli, xaWiWura.vTxoveT respodentebs, iqneb gaixsenoT raime Zveli

ambavi, Tavgadasavali Tu gagonili. erTi aseTi ambavi

mogviyva quSCelma qedelma, romelic, vfiqrob, mkiTx-

velsac daainteresebs:_ gogos feSinSi wavyvebodiT. sufras devkavebdiT.

kumali ari, unias sofeli, iq viyaviT. sufra devkaveT.miore sarTulze xari amuayvanie.

_ im merdevanze xari rafer eyvanes, kaci Zliv ia-reboda?!

_ ra gakliano sufraze? _ moikiTxa mamamTilma.

57

_ xari gvakliao, _ vuTxariT. wevden, meyvanes.,,gevezobis tipuri SemTxvevaa, aWaruli qorwili-

saTvis damaxasiaTebeli. ras aRar moifiqrebda Wirveu-

li mayari...

jamikarze xalxi Segrovda. vcdilobT, saubarSi

gamoviwvioT maspinZlebi.

erTma waimRera:Suuxti, biWo, mogixdeba,daniSnuli mogikdeba.aWaraSic momismenia msgavsi simRera, Tundac aseTi:Suuxti, xusiav, xoronSi,daTvi cekvobs yanaSi,cxvir-buki mogvegrixa,wifli qerqis WamaSi.meorem erTstriqoniani leqsi Tqva:maRla, maRla qori frinavs,TvalJuJuna TeTri qali,xelsac miqnevs, aq amodi,Sin ar ari Cemi qmari.SevuqeT leqsi. gaixares. gaxalisdnen. cdiloben,

sxvac gaixsenon rame. niazi aqtiurobs, aqezebs mTqme-

lebs, TviTonac ixsenebs leqsebs sxvagan Tu Cvenebu-

rebTan gagonils. TandaTan eSxSi Sevida galeqseba. ia-

Sar aildizs daurekes, bolqvaZes, vaioeli muhajiris

SvilTaSvils.

ramdenime wuTSi movida manqaniT. gagvecno. avad va-ro, daiCivla, hama TqvenTan mainc movedio. qarTulidamiwyebuli mqonda, TuTxmeti welia misla-mosla iqna,mere devwavleo, _ gviTxra.

_ Senze amboben, simRerebi iciso, leqsebi iciso,

gviTxari rame! _ sTxovs niazi.

iaSarma waimRera:tulul, faciav, Sen gixdeba,daniSnuli mogikdeba.

58

Cveni berebi imRerebden, sxvebi ityoden: vahaha, va-haha...

saqme kargad midis. niazi konkurss acxadebs kafio-

baSi, prizs awesebs samaxsovros. pirveli Tavad ambobs

leqss, Semdeg sxvebi morigeobiT. erTgvari azartiT Ca-

erTvnen konkursSi. bolos niazma gamarjvebuli gamo-

acxada da yvelani ,,daajildova~ baTumidan wamoRebu-

li suvenirebiT. gaixares iaSar aildizma, omer Cikvai-

Zem da dursun-ahmed CikvaiZem.

_ aq gurjebi ar icekvebdiT? qorwili, moyriloba

usamura xom ar iqneboda? _ axali Tema Semovitane. Se-

iZleba, aqaurTa cekva gadaviRoT, folklorze siuJets

rom moamzadebs rusudani, masac gamoadgeba.

dagvTanxmdnen. Caebnen xorumSi dursun-ahmedi, ia-

Sar aildizi da haji ahmed ildizi. icekves rogorc

SeeZloT. Cven taSs vukravT, emociebs ver vfaravT, sim-

Reras vayolebT sxvebTan erTad... dasrulda cekva, dai-

Ralnen mrokavebi, daviRaleT Cvenc...

ramdenime wuTis Semdeg gamogvaciles.

SuadRea. SeiZleba kidev erT sofels vewvioT. aqCa-iSi wavediT maWaxlelTa sofelSi. soflis mamasaxli-si, xusein nagervaZe (uzuni) CxutuneTeli muhajiris,

omer nagervaZis, Camomavalia.

omeri daojaxebuli yofila, muhajirad rom wamo-

sula. coli da ori Svili CxutuneTSi dautovebia. aq

Camosuli daqorwinebula sxva qalze, imasTanac ori

Svili SesZenia. col-Svili monatrebia, wasula Cxutu-

neTSi, veRar dabrunebula, darCenila maWaxelSi...

STamomavlebma aRar ician saxlSi dabrunebuli wi-

napris bedi. arc CxutuneTel nagervaZeebTan aqvT ur-

TierToba. sainteresoa, maWaxlelma nagervaZeebma Tu

ician omer nagervaZis muhajiruli cxovrebis Sesaxeb,

Tu aqvT informacia babuas aqCaiSi darCenil Svilebsa

da maT STamomavlebze.

59

_ nagervaZeebi bevri xarT aq? _ vekiTxebi baton

xuseins._ Cemma dedem oTxmozdaTuTxmeti weli icocxla.

babas eqvsi Zma da sami da yavs. mec erTi Zma myavs, ori_ da.

eqvsi nagervaZis namravli saxlobs dRes aqCaiSi.

barem isic vTqvaT, rom xuseinis deda emine Celeba-

Zea, coli _ niJaraZis qali vaiodan. uWirs xuseins qar-

Tulad laparaki, TiTqos rcxvenia, Tavs imarTlebs:deda-nena erTad rom viyaviT, maSin vlaparikobdiT, ax-la aRar vlaparikobT.

rom aRar laparakobs qarTulad, amitomac daaviwy-

da!

aqCaiSi sxva qarTuli ojaxebic cxovroben: lomina-

Zeebi (lomanoRlebi), xaxutaiSvilebi, CelebaZeebi.

_ xom ar daiviwyeben Seni Svilebi, gurjebi rom

arian? _ vekiTxebi baton xuseins

_ maT rom daamiwyden, Turqebi ar daamiwyeben... asiweli iqna, as oci weli iqna Cveni aq Camoslidan, gul-Si ver Cedven...

Turqebma ,,gulSi ver Cedven~ emigrantebi, vercqarTvelebma ,,Ceidven gulSi~ ,,kudianebi.

Turqebis qarTvelebTan damokidebuleba kargad ga-

moxata b-nma xuseinma erTi winadadebiT: ,,saxeSi gigi-cinebs, uknedan an Segaginebs, an racxa... CumaT, xmiT _vera.~

saukuneze meti gavida. es dro ar darCa sakmarisi

muhajirebis am mxareSi dasamkvidreblad: muhajiri ma-

inc mosulia, araa aqauri. verc muhajiri Seegua ucxo

garemos, ucxo kulturas, bolomde ver gaiTavisa igi.

SevTanxmdeT: mZimea gadasaxlebulis, adgilnacva-

lis xvedri!

saRamos sastumroSi muzafer osanaZe gvewvia, aqau-

ri maWaxleli.

60

cementis qarxanaSi muSaobs muzaferi, momaragebis

samsaxuris ufrosia. murad Sahinma damirekao Tqvens

Sesaxeb stambolidan. xval SabaTia, Tavisufali dRe

maqvs, me gagiwevTo gidobas.

qarTulad mSvenivrad laparakobs muzaferi...

gvianobamde visxediT terasaze vaxSmis Semdeg. kar-

ga xans visaubreT. baTumSic davrekeT, ojaxebi movi-

kiTxeT...

SuaRame iyo, sastumros nomerSi rom avedi. aivanze

saweri magida gavmarTe da dRiuris Cawera vcade. vfiq-

rob muhajirad gadasaxlebis mZime dReebze; warmovid-

gine mSobliuri kuTxidan nebiT Tu motyuebiT dedawu-

lianad ayrili asobiT ojaxis svla ucxo mxarisaken:

vin urmiT, vin gemiT, vin fexiT... gaWirveba, SimSili,

avadmyofoba, sikvdili... daRlili, gatanjuli saxeebi...

yvela fexis nabijze Casafrebuli faTeraki... mainc mii-

weven win ,,aRqmuli qveynisaken~, ukan dabrunebis eSini-

aT, iqneb nebasac ar aZleven. TiTo-or