Major Events leading to DisunionGadsden Purchase 18531854 Kansas-Nebraska Act (repeal of

Missouri Compromise)1855 Kansas Territory erupted in violence 1820 Missouri Compromise invalidated by

the Dred Scott decision1860 election of Abraham Lincoln for Pres

Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle

Tom’s Cabin: Source of antislavery sentiments lay in the

crusades of 2nd Great Awakening Made slavery appear almost as evil as it was,

showing how family members were separated.

Lincoln said to her, “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.”

Hinton R. Helper: Views on SlaveryHinton R. Helper: Views on Slavery 1857 Hinton R. Helper’s book: The Impending

Crisis of the South. He disliked slavery and African Americans. Book - banned and burned in the South. Believed that non-slaveholding whites suffered

most from slavery.

Harriet Beecher Stowe Hinton R. Helper

TMWK CH 191. Pg 410 Advertisement List two pieces of

information you find in the advertisement.

2. Pg 412 Give a description of the conflict in Kansas between pro-slaveryites and abolitionists

North-South Contest for Kansas:North-South Contest for Kansas:Newcomers to KansasNewcomers to Kansas

• Northerners: Pioneers searching for richer lands.• Some financed by abolitionists or free soilers such as

the Emigrant Aid Company which sent 2,000 people.• 1855 election for a legislature: proslavery “border

ruffians” poured into Kansas to vote early & often; this won a victory for slave supporters and a govt was set up in Shawnee Mission.

• Free Soilers established an illegal govt in Topeka.• 1860 Census: found 2 slaves out of 107,000 people in

Kansas; only 15 slaves in Nebraska.• 1856 proslavery raiders burned part of the free-soil

town of Lawrence

Kansas in ConvulsionKansas in Convulsion John Brown - “Old Brown”: Dedicated abolitionist May 1856: led followers to Pottawatomie Creek -

murdered 5 pro-slaveryites. Retaliation by proslavery forces, thus civil war

erupted in Kansas,1856. 1857: Kansas had enough people to apply for

statehood with popular sovereignty. Proslavery forces wrote up Lecompton Constitution

– If people vote for or against it = vote for or against slavery.

Part of constitution protected owners of slaves already in Kansas, so no matter what, there would still be slavery.

Many free-soilers upset and boycotted the polls so the 1857 constitution was approved with slavery.

TMWK

3. Pg 414 What is being depicted by the political cartoonist? Is this for or against slavery?

4. Pg 417 Describe the geographic areas that were won by the Democrats and the Republicans in the 1856 election.

““Bully” Brooks Canes SumnerBully” Brooks Canes Sumner Senator Charles Sumner of Mass. (leading

abolitionist) delivered a speech “The Crime Against Kansas”. Condemned proslavery men Insulted South Carolina and Senator Andrew

Butler May 1856: Congressman Preston S. Brooks of

Carolina pounded Charles Sumner with a cane. Brooks resigned and then was re-elected North angered by “Bully Brooks” – Tens of

thousands of Sumner’s speech were sold.

Brook’s Beating of Charles Sumner

1856 Election1856 Election Democrat Candidate: James Buchanan (Lawyer)

Nickname -“Old Buck” Buchanan Wanted popular sovereignty

Republican Candidate: Captain John C. Fremont (pathfinder of the West) Against extending slavery to the West.

Know-Nothing Candidate: ex-pres Millard Fillmore Secret American party organized by “nativists” (old

stock Protestants) Anti-foreigners and anti-Catholic Slogan “Americans Must Rule America”Buchanan wins election.

Buchanan wins Election

Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott sued for his freedom because of his long

residence on free soil. He had lived with his “master” for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory.

Supreme Court under Chief Justice Taney ruled Dred Scott was a black slave who was not protected by the Constitution and could never be a citizen of the U.S.

Wasn’t a citizen, so he couldn’t sue the federal courts.

Dred Scott v. Sandford cont. Court ruled that because a slave was property, they

could be taken into any territory and legally held there in slavery.

Reason: 5th Amendment forbade Congress to deprive people of their property without due process of law.

1820 Missouri Compromise had been repealed (slavery wasn’t banned above 36° 30’ anymore). Now Court ruled the Bill had been unconstitutional all along:

Why? Supreme Court determined Congress had no power to ban slavery from territories.

1857 Financial Crash1857 Financial Crash Causes:

California gold helped inflate currency Demands of Crimean War over stimulated growing of

grain Over speculation in land and railroads

5,000 businesses failed, unemployment, hunger North hit hardest while South still had good cotton

prices Congress passed 1860 Homestead Act: Public lands

available for 25 cents/acre, but Pres. Buchanan vetoed it.

Pressure from South: Tariff of 1857- lowered duty tax. Republicans given 2 economic issues for the next

election in 1860: a protective tariff and farms for farmless.

1858 Illinois Senatorial Election1858 Illinois Senatorial Election

Democrat Senator - Stephen Douglas from Illinois Term about to end For popular sovereignty

Republican candidate: Abraham Lincoln Born in Kentucky - poor parents, self-educated Trial lawyer in Illinois Had served one term in Congress 1847-1849 Challenged Douglas to series of debates

Great Debates: Lincoln vs. DouglasGreat Debates: Lincoln vs. Douglas 7 debates - Aug to Oct 1858. Most famous debate at Freeport, Illinois.

Lincoln asked: What if the people of a territory should vote against slavery. The Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision had decreed that they couldn’t. Who would prevail - the Supreme Court or the people?

Douglas’s response (AKA “Freeport Doctrine”) aimed toward the people and stated that “No matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down.” Laws to protect slavery would have to be passed by the legislatures of the territories.

Douglas defeated Lincoln for Senate seat, but Douglas hurt his chances of winning presidency (At this time, Senators were chosen by state legislatures)

John Brown Murder or Martyr?John Brown Murder or Martyr? John Brown’s plan: invade south, call slaves to rise,

give them arms, establish a black, free state. Oct 1859 - Harpers Ferry: seized federal arsenal and

killed 7 innocent people. Slaves didn’t rise up in rebellion. Brown and followers captured by U.S. Marines. He

was convicted of murder/treason and was hung.Effects: -Abolitionists/free-soilers angered by his execution.-Stirred up South’s desire to leave the Union. Many in

South believed most abolitionists were violent and shared Brown’s views.

Democrats Divide at Nominating ConventionsDemocrats Divide at Nominating Conventions Democrats: Met in Charleston, S. Carolina – Douglas

was leading candidate, but some felt he was a traitor – they walked out.

Met again in Baltimore – Douglas nominated with a platform of popular sovereignty and support for Fugitive Slave Law.

Rival Democratic Convention: John C. Breckinridge nominated with a platform that favored extension of slavery and annexation of Cuba.

Constitutional Union Party was organized: nominated John Bell of Tennessee: platform - believed in the “Union, the Constitution, the Enforcement of the Laws.”

Republican Nominating ConventionRepublican Nominating Convention Republicans met in Chicago: Abraham Lincoln

nominated Republican Platform: Non-extension of slavery,

protective tariff for Northerners, Pacific railroad for the Northwest, internal improvements at federal expense for the West, free homesteads from public lands for the farmers, for immigrants – no removal of rights.

TMWK

5. Pg 425 How many electoral votes did Lincoln win in the 1860 presidential election? And Douglas?

6. Pg. 426 Electoral Map Describe the geographical area that Lincoln won in the presidential election. And Douglas?

7. Pg. 427 Map Describe the areas that were most against seceding from the United States. Which state was the most fervent for secession? How did you determine this?

1860 Presidential Election1860 Presidential Election Virtually 2 elections: in North and South. Lincoln wasn’t even on the ballot in 10 Southern

states. If Democrats didn’t split, they might have won with

better organization and higher enthusiasm. Lincoln wins election with only 40% of popular vote. South still had five-to-four majority in Supreme Court. Federal govt couldn’t touch slavery in those states

where it existed, except by constitutional amendment.

Southern States SecedeSouthern States Secede

S. Carolina: legislature votes to secede from the Union Dec 1860.

6 other states in lower South secede also: Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas.

The 7 states met at Montgomery, Alabama and created a new govt: Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as Pres.

Lincoln didn’t take office until March 4, 1861. Buchanan blamed for not holding the Union together by

force. (one reason why – the small standing army was scattered, trying to control Indians in the West).

TMWK

8. Pg 429 Map and paragraph What was the Crittenden Compromise?

Collapse of CompromiseCollapse of Compromise Senator James Henry Crittenden of Kentucky

proposed the Crittenden amendments to the Constitution, designed to appease the South.

Slavery in territories would be allowed south of 36° 30’ and given federal protection in those territories as well as future territories such as Cuba.

Future states, north or south of 36° 30’, could come into Union w/or without slavery.

Lincoln rejected the Crittenden plan because he opposed the extension of slavery

Farewell to UnionFarewell to UnionSouth’s concerns: Political imbalance against South. Threat of losing their rights as slaveholding minority. Tired of Northern interference – Underground

Railroad, abolitionists (John Brown’s raid.) South believed northern manufacturers and bankers

depended on South’s cotton and their markets. An independent South could develop its own banking,

shipping and trade with Europe.

““Act of Secession”Act of Secession”