Upload
milton-goodman
View
226
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP)Experiment (FNAL-E907):Application to Cosmic Rays
Colliders to Cosmic Rays (…and back) Lake Tahoe USA Feb 28 2007
Wayne SpringerUniversity of Utah
Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP)Experiment (FNAL-E907):Application to Cosmic Rays
• Extensive Air Showers– Determination of UHECR parameters
• Energy, Xmax and flux
• Measurement Techniques
– Modeling of EAS• Hadronic Interaction Models and Corsika
• Dependence on particle physics
• MIPP Experiment– Description
– Measurements applicable to better understanding of EAS
Extensive Air ShowersProfiles: Longitudinal and Lateral
Longitudinal Profile Air FluorescenceLateral Profile
Ground ArraysOnly Measure effects related to Charged particle content of Extensive Air Showers !!!!
Determination of UHECR Parameters from EASCharged Particle Longitudinal Profile
Energy and Xmax Determination Integrate Shower profile
Correct for portion of shower not observedCorrect observed EM energy into total energy
Particle multiplicity and cross-section are influences on longitudinal profile shape and fraction correction
Need EAS models to calculate detector aperture as well as for energy determination
dxxdX
dExNEEM )()(
Total
EM
E
E
Ground ArrayAGASA Lateral Distribution
Energy Determination From Local density at 600m
Particle multiplicity, Cross sections and differential cross section influence the relation between S(600) and the Energy of the UHECR
E=2.13x1020eV
M. Teshima
Muon/Neutrino
Ele. Mag
Externsive Air Shower ModelingCorsika Simulated 1015 eV proton EAS
J. Oehlsclaeger and R. Engel
Well developed EAS models exist•High Energy
•DPMJET•neXus•QGSJET•SIBYLL
•Low/Intermediate Energy•GHEISHA•Hillas’ Splitting Algorithm•FLUKA•UrQMD•TARGET•HADRIN/NUCRIN•SOPHIA
QuestionsNeutral particlesEAS Muon ContentHow close to reality?
Hadronic Interaction Models Inputs
Particle Data Group
•Hadronic production •Cross-sections•Multiplicities
•Compare to measurements•Extrapolation at high energies
R. Engel
Example of Model Variability
Model Predictions: proton-proton at the LHC –Totem Expt- S.Lami
Predictions in the forward region within the CMS/TOTEM acceptance
(T1 + T2 + CASTOR)
Multiplicity Total Energy
Main Injector Particle Production ExperimentMIPP (FNAL E907)
D.Isenhower,M.Sadler,R.Towell,S.WatsonAbilene Christian University
R.J.PetersonUniversity of Colorado, Boulder
W.Baker,D.Carey, D.Christian,M.Demarteau,D.Jensen,C.Johnstone,H.Meyer, R.Raja,A.Ronzhin,N.Solomey,W.Wester
Fermi National Accelerator LaboratoryH.Gutbrod,K.Peters,
GSI, Darmstadt, GermanyG. Feldman,
Harvard UniversityY.Torun,
Illinois Institute of TechnologyM. Messier,J.PaleyIndiana University
U.Akgun,G.Aydin,F.Duru,E.Gülmez,Y.Gunaydin,Y.Onel, A.PenzoUniversity of Iowa
V.Avdeichicov,R.Leitner,J.Manjavidze,V.Nikitin,I.Rufanov,A.Sissakian,T.TopuriaJoint Institute for Nuclear Researah, Dubna, Russia
D.M.Manley,Kent State University
H.Löhner, J.Messchendorp,KVI, Groningen, Netherlands
H.R.Gustafson,M.Longo,T.Nigmanov, D.RajaramUniversity of Michigan
S.P.Kruglov,I.V.Lopatin,N.G.Kozlenko,A.A.Kulbardis,D.V.Nowinsky, A.K.Radkov,V.V.Sumachev
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, RussiaA.Bujak, L.Gutay,Purdue University
A.Godley,S.R.Mishra,C.RosenfeldUniversity of South Carolina
C.Dukes,C.Materniak,K.Nelson,A.NormanUniversity of Virginia
P.Desiati, F.Halzen, T.Montaruli,University of Wisconsin, Madison
Livermore dropped out. Rest still on proposal. 7 new institutions have joined. More
inegotiaitions. Previous collaboration built MIPP up from ground level. Less to do this time round. More data.
Main Injector Particle Production ExperimentMIPP (FNAL E907)
Beamline
Targets
Detector
Data
Physics Topics
MIPP Secondary Beam Line
120GeV Main Injector Primary protons
secondary beams of K p from 5 GeV/c to 85 GeV/c
Measure particle production cross sections on various nuclei including nitrogen.
MIPP Targets
Target inserted into TPC
Surrounded by Crystal Ball Recoil detector (in upgrade)
Cryogenic Target Will allow Liquid N2 Target
Nuclear Targets The A-List
H2,D2,Li,Be,B,C,N2,O2,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Ar,K,Ca,,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Nb,Ag,Sn,W,Pt,Au,Hg,Pb,Bi,U
The B-List Na, Ti,V, Cr,Mn,Mo,I, Cd, Cs,
Ba
MIPP DetectorOpen Geometry Spectrometer
“Jolly Green Giant” Magnet
Time Projection Chamber(TPC) Momentum and dE/dx meaasurement
Time-of-Flight (TOF)
Cerenkov DetectorBeam CerenkovRing Imaging CHerenkov
Tracking Chambers
CalorimetersElectromagneticHadronic
“Crystal Ball” (in proposed upgrade)
Excellent Particle ID momentum resolution
Measure differential production cross-sections for inclusive hadrons
Time Projection Chamber (TPC)
•
Located inside the JGG magnet
3D tracking
dE/dx particle identification for particles with low momentum.
Current DAQ rate limited to 30Hz upgrade to 3000 Hz
Time Projection ChamberParticle ID
Number of tracks vs dEdx in arbitrary units for a momentum slice ranging from 150 MeV.c to 250 MeV/c. Data is from a 20 GeV p-C run.
Number of tracks vs. dEdx in arbitrary units vs. momentum in
GeV/c for 20 GeV p-C data
Beam Cherenkov Detectors
Two differential Beam Cerenkov detectors
Long radiator (>30 meters total)
Separate p for beam momenta above 10 GeV/c
Beam TOF for beam momenta below 10 GeV/c
Provides beam particle id at the trigger level.
Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector
Rings are imaged onto an array of 32x96 1/2 inch diameter pmts. Many hits per ring -> good particle id.
Provides Particle ID for particles produced in collision
Overall MIPP Particle ID Performance
Good Particle ID over most of p v pt parameter space
The recoil detector
Detect recoil protons, neutrons, neutral and charged pions, kaons
Comparison of model predictions for observable distributions
Preliminary NUMI target to FLUKA predictions
Multiplicty
Momentum
Transverse Momentum vs MomentumDistributions
Differential Cross-Sections for particle production will be measured
Need input from model builders as to how to best present the data
Data Taken Data Summary
27 February 2006 Acquired Data by Target and Beam Energy
Number of events, x 106
Target E
Z Element Trigger
Mix 5 20 35 40 55 60 65 85 120
Total
Empty1 Normal 0.10 0.14 0.52 0.25 1.01
K Mass2 No Int. 5.48 0.50 7.39 0.96 14.33 0
Empty LH1 Normal 0.30 0.61 0.31
1 LH Normal 0.21 1.94 1.98 1.73 7.08
p only 1.08 4 Be
Normal 0.10 0.56 1.75
C Mixed 0.21
C 2% Mixed 0.39 0.26 0.47 1.33
6
NuMI p only 1.78 1.78
13 Al Normal 0.10 0.10
p only 1.05 83 Bi
Normal 0.52 1.26 2.83
92 U Normal 1.18 1.18
Total 0.21 2.73 0.86 5.48 0.50 13.97 0.96 2.04 4.63 31.38
Other MIPP Physics Topics Non-perturbative QCD physics
Scaling law of particle fragmentation provide new, precise data to theorists so they can test new models
Nuclear physics y scaling propagation of flavor through nuclei strangeness production in nuclei
Searches Missing baryon resonances predicted by SU(3) Search for glue balls
Charged Kaon mass measurement Service measurements
neutrino experiments Pion and kaon production on NuMI target for MINOS to
understand the neutrino flux (energy spectrum) Cross sections on N2 (air) for atmospheric neutrino experiment
flux Proton Radiography (homeland security, etc.)
Summary
UHECR measurements are dependent upon particle physics models
Measurements from MIPP can provide input to those models
Current MIPP data set useful. Work ongoing. Physics DSTs available soon..
MIPP upgrade should be designed with needs of EAS models in mind