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INTRODUCTION

At the very beginning to discuss about the impact of computer technology in Bangladesh,

we should first know what the computer and computer technology is. A computer is aprogrammablemachinethat receives input, stores and manipulates data/information, and

provides output in a useful format. Computer technology is the activity of designing and

constructing and programming computers. In Bangladesh though the computer

technology has not reached to its pinnacle as in the developed countries in respect to the

use and/or utility, but it is developed much in the recent years. Now a day the people of

urban areas of Bangladesh are largely using the facilities of computer technology while

amongst the others, internet facilities are the major one.

Computer technology has changed the speed of work as well as life in both organizational

and individual sector. Now, many of the works of an organization is automated because

of the advanced computer technology and adaptation of that technology in the

organization. As the organizations are using the computer technology, normally the speed

of overall work process is much faster now and it is having its broad and positive effect

on our national economy. In individual aspect, computer technology has brought an

evolution in working and communication. Now a person usually doesnt go for a physical

mail and largely depends on e-mail if he/she has the availability of a computer and the

internet support. Writing of something even if it is an informal one is being written by

computer and the hand writing is almost vanished in the market. In Bangladesh, where a

small scale shop carried its record keeping activities manually even a few years back,

now it is carrying the same job with a computer more efficiently.

In a simple way, we can say that the modern computer technology and its adaptation in

Bangladesh has been changed the overall working style of organizations and the

individuals in a large scale and brought a faster lifestyle.

We will discuss the Impact of computer technology and its impact in Bangladesh more

elaborately in the rest of this report.

Business Communication - 1 -
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FINDINGS

The first computer ever installed in Bangladesh was an IBM 1620 Series Mainframe and

that was in the 1964 at the then Pakistan Atomic Commission. In 1969 an IBM 360 series

Computer was installed at the Bureau of Statistics. After independence The Bureau of

Statistics installed some more computers for their organization. The early 1990s have

seen a wide growth in the worldwide IT industry and Bangladesh is no different. The

introduction of Internet and also the internationally renowned IT training institutes

opened their branches in Bangladesh which interested the youths and that also created

awareness not only to the individuals but also to the businesses as well. Although IT

industry has come a long way it is always been an argument if Bangladesh has really

achieved what other countries for example the neighboring India has. In this paper we

will try to investigate if there has really been the IT Revolution in Bangladesh.

The IT awareness actually known to have grown among the public as Bangladesh

connected itself to the World Wide Web. Although there were a few services providers

providing offline internet service that only allowed emails and BBS (Bulletin Board

Service) facilities, only in 1996 with a license from Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone

Board (BTTB) ISN started its first online internet service in Bangladesh and were soon

followed by Grameen Cyber net and Proshika. And finally on 21 st May 2006 Bangladesh

was connected to the high speed Submarine cable (Fiber Optic), an idea once abandoned

by the government. Bangladesh has also seen some massive changes in the Mobile

Communications industry. Most of the country is now enjoying Mobile telephone

services using public and private sector service providers.

BTRC has the power to grant license to establish and operate telecommunications systemin Bangladesh. The Commission is also responsible to grant licenses to the Internet

Service Providers (ISP) and grant the use of VSAT in Bangladesh.



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DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY (5 Generations)

First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums formemory,

and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate

and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was

often the cause of malfunctions.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming

language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one

problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was

displayed on printouts. The UNIVAC andENIAC computers are examples of first-

generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer

delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.

The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the

late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to

become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-

generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that

subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube.

Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for

output.

Second-generation computers moved from crypticbinary machine language to symbolic,

orassembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in

words.High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such

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as early versions ofCOBOLandFORTRAN. These were also the first computers that

stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to

magnetic core technology.

The first computers of this generation were developed for the automatic energy industry.

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of

computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called

semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers

throughkeyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed

the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that

monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass

audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors

The microprocessorbrought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of

integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled

an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in

1971, located all the components of the computerfrom the central processing unit and

memory to input/output controlson a single chip. In 1981IBMintroduced its first

computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.

Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas

of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form

networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation

computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

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Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in

development, though there are some applications, such asvoice recognition, that are

being used today. The use ofparallel processingand superconductors is helping to make

artificial intelligence a reality.

Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face

of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop

devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-

organization.

WiMax and Mobile Internet Technology

Three bidders Bangla Lion Communication, BRAC BD Mail Network Ltd and Augere

Wireless Broadband Bangladesh Ltd -- won the WiMax licenses through an auction

organized by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) in

September last year. However, BRAC later refused to take the license. WiMax is a

technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission

modes from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access. The

technology supports peak download rates of up to 46 Mbps and peak uplink rates of up to

14 Mbps.

Augere Wireless Broadband Bangladesh Ltd yesterday launched the much-awaited

wireless broadband service through WiMax in some designated areas in Dhaka. Augere,

one of the two WiMax licensees, is the first company in Bangladesh to launch such

service under the brand name 'Qubee'. Augere is initially offering two packages. Initially,

the Qubee service is available for businesses and residential customers in Gulshan,

Banani, Baridhara, Mirpur and Uttara. Qubee will be available across Bangladesh soon.

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Banglalion provides broadband internet services to residential and commercial users in

Bangladesh using WiMax technology. They said that consumer and businesses in

Bangladesh need and want faster, accessible, and affordable broadband internet service

and they are working hard to ensure that.

Internet is the most convenient medium of information, through which people can

enhance their knowledge, spread the same from one corner of the globe to whichever

place they wish with a single click. Communication solutions developed by Grameen

phone across all the media have always focused one single thing to help people stay

close to their dear ones and to enlighten their lives through free and flawless access to

information. Grameen phone internet is another step towards fulfilling this goal. With this

step, Grameen phone promises to enlighten the lives of 20 million people by providing

easier and faster access to information than ever before. Grameen phone so far brought

Internet to people in the following ways. Grameen phone is looking to expand further

into the digital world by expanding its internet platforms and developing more internet

related products, thus becoming the biggest Internet Service Provider of Bangladesh.

Citycell Zoom Ultra is the new and upgraded package from Zoom high-speed wireless

internet service that runs on state-of-the-art EV-DO technology, the evolution from

CDMA 1X technology. You can experience download speeds of up to 512 kbps, and the

Zoom Ultra connection enables you to access this high-speed internet by simply

connecting to your laptop or desktop computer. Zoom Ultra provides never-before

internet speeds on the move, and plug-and-play service through a versatile USB interface.

Currently the Zoom Ultra service is available in Dhaka, Tongi, Gazipur, Narayangonj

(Fatullah, Rupganj, and Kachpur), Khulna, Rajshashi, Chittagong, Sylhet Metropolitan

areas and Savar EPZ. Since the Ultra Modem is backward compatible with Citycell's

Zoom 1X network, so Ultra subscriber also will be able to avail Citycell Zoom 1x

network throughout the country where Zoom Ultra is not available. Zoom Ultra data

plans are designed to suit your specific needs.



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In the final analysis we can say that, Wireless Communication revolution is becoming a

vital element for our country day by day. These wireless technologies create a great

impact to our country. All of these WiMax companies and mobile internet service

providers are providing high speeds facilitate a superior internet browsing experience

with video streaming, video surveillance, and rich media content. WiMax companies are

a new company with Integrity, Dynamism, Commitment and Innovation who

continuously developing our infrastructure starting in Dhaka and some major cities, thus

bringing the whole country under coverage. All of these wireless service providers are

passionate about their products, services and customers. They are committed to develop

new services, products and facilities to meet client requirements whilst undertaking

infrastructure improvements on our existing systems. All of them believe that, in this ever

changing world, Bangladesh is changing and these wireless technologies will remain

focus to our needs and they are bringing to us a smooth and nonstop online access to the

world of information, excitement, fun and lifestyle.

Budget Allocation

In last years non-development budget, Tk. 100 crore was specially allocated for

development of ICT sector. Out of that amount, 18 programs worth Tk. 90 crore arebeing implemented. I propose an allocation of TK.112 crore in FY2010-11 from non-

development budget. Alongside, I propose to allocate another Tk. 200 crore in the

existing Equity and Entrepreneurship Fund to promote entrepreneurship in the IT sector.

Finance Minister AMA Muhith

IT leaders Sunday (June 13, 2010) urged the government to extend income tax exemption

facilities for the IT services industries until 2021 to attract more investment in the sector.

The income tax exemption incentive for the IT industries which is allowed till 2011

should be extended by 10 more years, they said at a post-budget press conference in the

city.



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Industry leaders also called for reducing the internet bandwidth price from Tk 18,000 to

Tk 7,000 with a view to making internet more affordable to the people. "With the reduced

price, we can offer broadband internet at even Tk 300 to the rural people," said the

President of internet service providers association Akhteruzzaman Manju.

USE IN DAILY LIFE

Corporate Sector

Like others countries computer technology is vastly used in every sector of Bangladesh

also. In the corporate sector no one can think about a single day without computerbecause computer became one of the most important instruments for completing any

kinds of tasks.

In the office there should be a record of every employee and their daily routines. These

records are kept by the computer software. So that the record became easier to maintain

and the possibility of error has been reduced. In the previous time if there are more than

hundred employees then it was a great disaster to keep the record but now it is very easy

to keep the record of more than thousands employees by computer.

Not only that but also all of the works of the corporate sector are controlled by the

computer software. Specially all of the private banks of Bangladesh have become

computerized now. The government banks are on processing to become computerized.

On the other hand presentation is one of the main aspects of the corporate life. In the

presentation there could be some graphical views which can make the whole thing more

visible. It is very easy to create the graphical views of the thing by computer software. By

computers it became easier to make the thing clear to the recipients so that they could

easily understand the thing and they can make a decision earlier about the project. So, we

can say that in the corporate sector computer technology has added a new face to go

ahead.



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Education Sector

Education is the backbone of a nation so it is one of the most important sectors for a

country. As a developing country Bangladesh has recently introduced computer

technology in the education sector. But within a very few days in the urban areas the

technology has became very popular in the education sector.

The kids are now memorizing lots of poems and stories by the computer. They are taught

from the very route level about manners for example: how to talk, how to play, how to

behave etc. Children love to see cartoons in the computer by which they can easily learn

English language which is very important.

Now our S.S.C and H.S.C examination copies are checked by computer software which

is a revolutionary step in the education sector. As a result it has become possible to give

the result within a very short time. Now it is very easy to sort out the percentage of

passing students for every division.

In the higher studies it is just impossible to think about education without computertechnology. Teachers provide their lectures by the multimedia in the universities.

Sometimes the class can be cancelled for some unavoidable circumstances, then the

faculties post the notice in the website of the university, or they can provide the notice by

email. Students have different presentations and then the computer software is needed.

Medical Sector

As a developing country Bangladesh is just improving in medical science. In this sector

computer technology has added new face so that there is a very rapid improvement.



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Now all kinds of blood tests, X-ray reports are made by computer technology. As a result

the chance of mistake has been reduced and people get their reports soon. So that, people

can easily starts their treatment according to the diseases.

Computer technology is helping to provide treatment for different types of dangerous

diseases. Doctors are able to create new medicines and the computer technology is

helping to increase the face of the pharmacy sector of Bangladesh also.

Transportation Sector

The improvement in computer technology has brought a drastic change in the

transportation sector. Now traffic control has become easier. Sometimes there is no need

of the traffic police. Only the automatic traffic signals are there. Consequently now there

are traffic cameras which can detect any types of problem in the road and these cameras

can be executed without any person. Main thing is that still now this system has not yet

developed that much. But the research are going ahead to improve this system.

On the other hand the plane navigation, ship navigation has become easier. Computer

technology has facilitate a country like Bangladesh to improve their transportation systemin such a way so that we can expect that we are going to be one of the most improved

countries in the transportation sector in near future.

Research & Development

Research and Development is one of the most important part of any country because by

this a country can invent new technologies, new ways to do the things. In Bangladesh

research and development sector has improved a lot because of computer technology.

In the education sector the methods of studies are invented. In the medical sector new

medicines and new methods of treatment are invented. The transportation system is also



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getting improved by the computer technology. It is getting possible because new research

and development are taking place by modern computer technology.

Mobile Technology

At present mobile is the most popular instrument which we use in our daily life. We can

not think about one day without mobile phone. The mobile technology is also getting

improved by computer technology. In Bangladesh mobile technology has improved a lot

in a very short period of time. One of the biggest telecom company Grameen Phone has

started an Information Center where you can get each and every types of information by

mobile phone. On the other hand they have a virtual market called cell bazaar where

people can get idea about a product and they can buy or sell a product by cell bazaar as

well. Consequently by mobile technology people now can consultant with a doctor about

any types of diseases within a very short period of time. In some telecom company there

are several numbers where a general person can call and consult with a specialist doctor

about his/her physical problem. So we can say that computer technology is one of the

main things which are assisting the mobile technology to go ahead.

MISUSE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

Waste of time & Skill

People are wasting their time by using computer technology, for example now there are

many things like Face book, Orcut etc. By these website people used to create a good

bonding with old friends and new ones as well. But if a person is spending his/her whole

day in Face book or these kinds of thing then that would be a misuse of computer

technology. Particularly students are spending their precious time by these things which



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are really a bad impact of computer technology. On the other hand, the level of skill of

the people is going down because which task can be done by the people by their own,

people use technology there. So that the thinking ability is hampering and the working

ability is destroying.

Health Problem

Computer Technology is now used in our daily life. For example: Corporate life,

Education life etc. So we have to spend a lot of time with computers by seating in same

place which is very bad for health. These are the main reason for back pain. On the other

hand when a person is using computer then a kind of light is affecting his/her eyes which

is really bad for eyes. Now children are also using glasses from a very small age one of

the main reason of that problem is computer technology. Children play the computer

games for a long time. As a result they look at the computer which basically hampers

their eyesight. The children are now much more interested for playing the computer

games. As a result they do not go out and day by day the field games are ruining. They

are getting deprived from the exercise as a result their body movement is reduced.

Increase Plagiarism

The plagiarism has increased due to the computer technology because it is very easy to

cut copy and paste anything. In the universities faculties provide different case studies

and projects so that students could relate their studies with the real life examples but

sometimes students just cut copy and paste from the old projects. As a result their

learning is being incomplete. Moreover one of the most popular words in the computer

world is Hacking. By hacking the corporate server people come to know about the secrets

of the company which is a dangerous situation for any type of company. On the other

hand the educational server is also getting hacked, so that the question paper leak out has

occurred for several times even it is a normal situation for Bangladesh. Consequently the

bank server can also be hacked by which people come to know about the information

about the personal account, credit card etc. By hacking the bank server hackers can easily

transfer money from different account from any part of the world. In the media sector the



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movies are getting hacked and sell at low price so that after releasing the movie that can

not earn their expected revenue.

CONCLUSION

Like others countries in the world, computer technology is vastly used in every sector of

Bangladesh. We should use computers for the well being of our society and mankind and

not for destructive purposes. The government of Bangladesh has recognized IT as one of

the thrust sectors and is eager to provide all possible supports for the development of this

sector. Due to withdrawal of taxes from computer, prices of computer and computer

related items dropped drastically and became affordable to general communities. A

tremendous progress is going on in the e-commerce, e-governance, computer networking,

Internet, web browsing, web applications, multimedia product development etc. Our

country can take advantage of its immense manpower for the betterment of this sector.

Despite some difficulties, it is expected that computer applications in Bangladesh would

not only spread to various private and public sector organizations, but also would emerge

as a regional hub for software development.



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RECOMMENDATION

Currently there is no copyright protection law for software industry in Bangladesh, which

deters foreign firms to outsource software from Bangladesh. Without intellectual property

rights, we cannot expect massive growth in this sector. So the government should enact

and implement the copyright protection act to ban the use of all pirated software in both

public and private organizations.

People should use computer technology for the betterment of mankind and society.

Students should utilize the benefit of internet for learning and gaining knowledge and not

for plagiarism purpose. The parents and teacher should be aware of the fact that the

children must not use most of their valuable times in internet relay chatting or playing

games on computers.

The government and private sector can arrange more frequent computer oriented fair,

debate competition, programming contest etc. all over the country to aware people about

the state of the art technologies of IT sector. They can organize road shows to introduce

computers in the rural part of the country. The IT and computer fair in not only aware the

current customer base, but it is also helpful for computer related business firms to capture

the potential target buyers.

A significant number of citizens live in the rural part of the country. Without them the

proper development of the countrys economic growth is not possible. Almost all the IT

related developments which have taken place during the last few years are concentrated

only in the capital city. Our rural part of the country is extremely deprived of the

computer and information technology. The government, non government or the donor

agencies can extend their support to provide proper infrastructure and facilities in the



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rural areas. They can arrange free computer learning course to the literate youth group.

Also they can set up community information center like the Grameen phone to introduce

computer and internet technology in the financially constrained part of the country.

It has been revealed that almost 90% of the computer related marketplaces are Dhaka

oriented and people resides outside Dhaka has to come to here for buying computer

related accessories. So there has to be some policy on the decentralization of these PCs to

regions outside of Dhaka. Another thing is that in Dhaka there are only two computer

related shopping centers IDB Bhaban and Elephant road. So the private sector should

come forward to establish more shops in different areas of Dhaka as well as Bangladesh

to reduce the hassle of general people.

Although the government has exempted all duties and taxes from hardware and software

related accessories, still price per pc is not affordable to most of the general communities.

So the government can create middle to long term special funds for giving interest-free

loans to professionals and students.

There are very few standard institutes who are giving high quality IT education in

Bangladesh. But most of their costs are so high that they are barely within the reach of

general people. Many private organizations have opened independent institutes which are

running with lack of proper syllabus and lack of acceptable technical qualities. Another

thing is that still many graduates lack computer literacy and the course curricula for

computer related subjects do not reflect market needs. So the authority should Introduce

'Basic computer skills' as a compulsory subject for all students starting from the primary

to the graduation level.

Due to the failure of the government, Bangladesh could not able to obtain a link to the

sub-marine cable. The results are low band width and slow internet speed. To solve this

acute problem the government should formulate proper policies to improve the proper

functioning of the countrys communication sector.



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Experience of other countries shows, that it is very difficult to achieve success in

exporting software unless there is a large domestic market. So the government can

computerize all its ministries and departments using our own developed software as a

part of the Digital Bangladesh program.

Many countries of the world are not aware of the Bangladeshi software industry because

there is no fund allocated for the promotion of our IT sector to the overseas market. As a

result, Bangladesh is losing a significant number of potential buyers and foreign currency

in the IT sector. The government can create a Market Promotion Fund to meet the

expenses of promoting Bangladesh as a potential source of software and data Processing

zone.



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13.www.nbr-bd.org

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