Mạch Hiển Thị Ma Trận Led Làm Mạch Đèn Quảng Cáo

ti:Thit k mch hin th dng ma trn led. GVHD:Ths.Nguyn Tn i

http://www.ebook.edu.vn SVTH: Nguyn Huy Hng - 0 - Ng Trnh Tin Long

TRNG I HC S PHM CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

K THUT TP.HCM C LP T DO HNH PHC

KHOA IN-IN T

N MN HC II TI : MCH HIN TH MA TRN LED

Lm Mch n Qung Co

GIO VIN HNG DN : Th.s Nguyn Tn i

SINH VIN THC HIN : Nguyn Huy Hng

Ng Trnh Tin Long

MSSV : 05401103

05401

LP : 05401DA

Nng thng 04 nm 2009



PHN 1

GII THIU

LI M U Trong thi i bng n thng tin hin nay kh nng ng dng v tim lc pht trin ca thng

tin qung co l rt ln,vic p dng cc k thut mi vo lnh vc trn l rt cn thit.

Khi i n u ta cng d dng bt gp nhng pan, p phch, nhng bng qung cc bng in

t chy theo nhiu hng khc nhau, vi nhng ch v hnh nh cng nhiu mu sc tht n tng.

T yu cu ca mn hc k thut Vi iu khin cng nh trong thc tin chng em quyt nh

chn ti cho bi tp mn hc l : Thit k mch hin th dng ma trn Led (Mch n qung co

hin th trn ma trn led).

Nhm thc hin ti cm n thy Nguyn Tn i tn tnh hung dn v to iu kin

thun li cho nhm chng em hon thnh tt ti mn hc ny.

Nhm thc hin ti xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c trong khoa in T cng cc bn

gp v kinh nghim trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny.

Em xin chn thnh cm n!



MC LC

Phn 1 : Gii Thiu...................................................................................................Trang 1

Li m u.......................................................................................Trang 1

Mc lc ............................................................................................Trang 2

Phn 2 : Ni Dung ....................................................................................................Trang 3

A.Vi iu khin..............................................................................................Trang 3

a.Gii thiu h vi iu khin ....................................................................Trang 3

b.S v chc nng cc chn.................................................................Trang 4

c.Cc thanh ghi c bit ...................................................................... Trang 6

d.Hot ng ca b nh thi..............................................................Trang 9

e.Phn mm lp trnh MCS-51 ...........................................................Trang 11

B.Gii thiu v ma trn led............................................................................Trang 11

a.Cu to............................................................................................. Trang 11

b.C s l thuyt.................................................................................Trang 12

c.Nguyn l hot ng........................................................................ Trang 13

C.IC ULN2803...............................................................................................Trang 14

D.Thit k ......................................................................................................Trang 15

a.S mch ngun 5V .....................................................................Trang 15

b.S mch hin th .........................................................................Trang 16

E.Phn mm...................................................................................................Trang 19

a.Lu thut ton.............................................................................Trang 19

b.Chng trnh....................................................................................Trang 24



PHN 2

NI DUNG

A. Gii thiu h vi iu khin: 1.Vi iu khin: a.Gii thiu h vi iu khin:

B iu khin n chip c cng ty INTEL ch to vo nm 1980 l sn phm u tin ca h

b vi iu khin MCS-51. Ngy nay, h MCS-51 c trn 250 bin th khc nhau v c hu ht cc

cng ty bn dn hng u trn th gii ch to,vi s lng trn 4 t b mi nm. H MCS-51 c kh

nng ng dng rt rng ri, chng c mt trong nhiu sn phm dn dng nh my git, my iu ha

nhit , l vi sng, ni cm in cc thit b in t v vin thng, cc thit b o lng v iu

khin s dng trong cng nghip,v..v..

Mi vi mch MCS-51 bao gm trong b x l trung tm (CPU), b nh ch c (ROM), b nh c

ghi (RAM),cc cng vo ra song song 8 bt (I/O port), cng vo ra ni tip (Serial port), cc b m v

nh thi (Timer), khi iu khin ngt (Interupt Control), khi iu khin bus (Bus Control), v mch

to xung nhp (Oscillator). Giao tip gia CPU v cc khi bn trong ca MCS-51 c thc hin qua

cc bus ni b gm bus d liu 8 bit, bus a ch v cc tn hiu iu khin khc. Cu trc trn cho php

coi MSC-51 nh mt my tnh n chip 8 bt.

b.S v chc nng cc chn:

S v cc chn ra trn v cc vi mch MCS51 nh hnh di y v chc nng ca cc

chn:



P1.0 ________ 1 40 ________VCC P1.1 ________ 2 39 ________P0.0 (ADO) P1.2 ________ 3 38 ________P0.1 (AD1) P1.3 ________ 4 37 ________P0.2 (AD2) P1.4 ________ 5 36 ________P0.3 (AD3) P1.5 ________ 6 35 ________P0.4 (AD4) P1.6 ________ 7 34 ________P0.5 (AD5) P1.7 ________ 8 33 ________P0.6 (AD6) RST ________ 9 32 ________P0.7 (AD7) (RXD) P3.0 ________10 31 ________EA/VPP (TXD) P3.1 ________11 30 ________ALE/PR0G (IN10) P3.2 ________12 29 ________PSEN (IN11) P3.3 ________13 28 ________P2.7 (A15) T0 P3.4 ________14 27 ________P2.6 (A14) T1 P3.5 ________15 26 ________P2.5 (A13) (WR) P3.6 ________16 25 ________P2.4 (A12) (R0) P3.7 ________17 24 ________P2.3 (A11) XTAL1 ________18 23 ________P2.2 (A10) XTAL2 ________19 22 ________P2.1 (A9) GND ________20 21 ________P2.0 (A8) 89C51 +Chn 40:cung cp ngun cho chip (+ 5v).

+Chn 20: GND

+Chn 18,19: XTAL1, XTAL2(cung cp xung clock to dao ng dng thch anh).

18 XTAL1 12MH 19 XTAL2 30PF GND GND +Chn 9: RST (chn reset)



5V 100u 100K RST Cng Tc 8.2K GND

+Chn 31 (/EA) l tn hiu vo, khi ni /EA vi +5v th MCS-51ch lm vic vi b nh ROM,

RAM bn trong n. Cn khi ni /EA vi t th MCS-51 lm vic vi b nh ROM, RAM bn ngoi.

+Chn 30 (ALE) l tn hiu ra dng cht 8 bt a ch thp (A0-A7) khi s dng b nh

ngoi.

+Chn 29 (/PSEN) l tn hiu ra tch cc mc thp dng c m lnh t b nh chng

trnh bn ngoi khi /EA c ni vi t, khi /EA c ni vi +5v th PSEN lun khng tch cc

mc cao.

+4 port I\O: mi port c 8 chn :

_Port 0(chn 32-chn 39): P0 (P0-P0.7) c dng lm cng vo ra khi /EA c ni vi +5V.

Khi /EA ni t th port 0 c dng lm bus a ch v s liu cho b nh ngoi. Khi , na u ca

chu k lnh truy nhp b nh ngoi, MCS-51 a ra port 0 8 bt a ch thp, sau port 0 thnh bus s

liu 8 bt, do phi dng ALE cht 8 bt a ch thp vo thanh cht a ch phn thp.

_Port 1(chn 1-chn 8) : P1(P1.0-P1.7) uc dng lm cng vo ra.

_Port2 (chn 11-chn 28):P2(P2.0-P2.7) c dng lm cng vo ra khi /EA c ni vi +5v.

Khi /EA c ni t th port P2 c s dng a ra 8 bt a ch cao cho b nh ngoi.

_Port3 (chn 10-chn 17):P3 (P3.0-P3.7) c th c dng lm cng vo ra hoc dng cho chc

nng khc nh:

+ P3.0 (RxD) c th c dng nhn s liu ni tip.

+ P3.1 (TxD) c th c dng pht s liu ni tip.

+ P3.2 (INT0) c th c dng nhn ngt ngoi 0.

+ P3.3 (INT1) c th c dng nhn ngt ngoi 1.

+ P3.4 (T0) c th c dng nhn xung clock Timer 0.

+ P3.5 (T1) c th c dng nhn xung clock Timer 1.

+ P3.6 (/WR) khi /EA ni t th n c dng a ra tn hiu iu khin ghi RAM ngoi.

+ P3.7 (/RD) khi /EA ni t th n c dng a ra tn hiu iu khin c RAM ngoi.

c.Cc thanh ghi c bit:

a. Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh (PSW)



C AC FO RS1 RS0 0V - - - P

C nh PSW7 C

C nh ph PSW6 AC

C 0 PSW5 F0

Bit chn dy thanh ghi 1 PSW4 RS1

Bit chn dy thanh ghi 0 PSW3 RS3

C trn PSW2 0V

D tr PSW1 ---

C chn l PSW0 P

b. Thanh ghi B:

_c dng vi thanh ghi A cho php ton nhn v chia.

c. Con tr d liu (DPTR):

_Dng truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi, b nh d liu ngoi l thanh ghi 16 bit ( DPL

v DPH ).

d.Thanh ghi ca b nh thi :

_89C51 c 1 thanh ghi iu khin v 1 thanh ghi ch :

+TMOD: l t cc ch cho b nh thi.

+TCON: iu khin b nh thi .

e.Thanh ghi ngt IE : c 5 nguyn nhn ngt

+Ngt do b nh thi 0 v b nh thi1

+Ngt do ngt ngoi 0 v ngt ngoi1

+Ngt cho cng ni tip. *Tp lnh 89C51:

_Trong 89C51 c 8 ch nh a ch:

+ nh a ch thanh ghi:dng truy xut thanh ghi t R0-R7

+ nh a ch trc tip : dng truy xut cc bin nh hoc cc thanh ghi trn chip.

+ nh a ch gin tip : dng hai thanh ghi R0, R1 hot ng nh mt con tr, ni dung ca

n c ch ra trong RAM : @ trc R0 hoc R1: @R0; @R1.

nh a ch tc thi : khi ton trng ngun l hng s thay v biu thc ton hc. Hng s ny

c th c a vo lnh v y l mt d liu tc thi. Ngi ta dng cc du # trc cc ton hng

tc thi.

+Ngoi ra cn c:



- nh a ch tng i.

- nh a ch tuyt i.

- nh a ch di.

- nh a ch tham chiu (nh a ch s v truy cp Rom ni), c s dng khi truy

cp cc thnh phn d liu ca bng nhy hoc bng tm kim.

_Trong 89C51 chia lm 4 nhm lnh:

+Nhm lnh c s hc :

-Lnh cng : ADD

-Lnh tr : SUBB

-Lnh nhn : MUL

-Lnh chia : DIV

-Lnh tng : INC

-Lnh chia : DEC +Nhm lnh lun l : AND, OR, XOR, NOT, SetB, CLR, CPL, RL, RR.

+Nhm lnh di chuyn : MOV

+Nhm lnh iu khin : CALL, RET, MP, JMP, JNZ : nhy nu A=0. CJNE, DJNZ.

d. Hot ng ca b nh Thi:

_B nh thi c cc thanh ghi :

-TMOD (Time Mod): thanh ghi ch nh thi.

-TCON (Time Control): thanh ghi iu khin nh thi.

-TL0 : Byte thp ca b inh thi 0

-TL1 : Byte thp ca b nh thi 1

-TH0 : Byte cao ca b nh thi 0

-TH1: Byte cao ca b dnh thi 1

_ 89C51 c hai b nh thi 16 bit mi b nh thi c 4 ch lm vic.

_Thanh ghi TMOD :

GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0

TIME1 TIME0

+C/T=1 : m s kin

+C/T=0: nh mt khong thi gian.

_Ch lm vic :



M1 M0 Ch

0 0 0 13 bit

0 1 1 16 bit

1 0 2 8 bit t np li

1 1 3 Chia s

_ S dng b nh thi :

+ nh mt khong thi gian.

+ m s kin .

_Thit lp ch hot ng cho TMOD

+4 bit thp dnh cho TIMER 0

+4 bit cao dnh cho TIMER 1

_Thanh ghi TCON:

TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IF1 IT1 IF0 IT0

TIME 1 TIME 0

_TR1/TR0: bit iu khin b nh thi c set hoc xo bi phn mm chy hoc ngng b nh

thi.

_TF0/TF1: c trn b nh thi 0/1 c bi phn cng, c xo bi phn mm hoc bi phn cng

cc vect x l n th tc ngt.

_ Hot ng ca t chc ngt (IE):

_C 5 nguyn nhn ngt:

+2 ngt ngoi

+2 ngt b nh thi

+1 ngt do port ni tip

_Khi reset, tt c cc ngt u v hiu ho.

_Thanh ghi cho php :

IE7 IE6 IE5 IE4 IE3 IE2 IE1 IE0

+K hiu : EA .. ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

+EA: cho php/ khng cho php ngt ton cc

+ET2/ET1/ET0: cho php ngt do Time 1/ Time 0

+EX1/EX0 : cho php ngt t bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 1/ngt ngoi 0)



e. Phn mm lp trnh vi iu khin MCS-51

C th vit trn ngn ng ca Assembler hoc cc ngn ng bc cao khc nh C, Visual Basic Tp

lnh ca Assembler ca h MCS-51c 83 lnh, c chia thnh 5 nhm l cc lnh s hc, cc lnh

logic, cc lnh chuyn s liu, cc lnh x l bt v cc lnh r nhnh. Cc lnh x l bt l im mnh

c bn ca h MCS-51, v chng lm cho chng trnh chy nhanh hn. Chng trnh Assembler c

vit trn my tnh sau c dch ra m my ca h MSC-51 bng bin dch ASEM51, ri mi np .

Ni chung chng trnh vit trn ngn ng Assembler kh hn chng trnh vit trn ngn ng bc cao

nhng khi dch ra m my s ngn gn hn v chy nhanh hn chng trnh vit trn cc ngn ng

khc.

B. Gii thiu v ma trn led

a. Cu to

_Ma trn led bao gm nhiu led n b tr thnh hng v ct trong mt v. Cc tn hiu iu khin ct

c ni vi Anode trn tt c cc led trn cng mt ct. Cc tn hiu iu khin hng cng c ni

vi Cathode ca tt c cc led trn cng 1 hng nh hnh v :

H ng 1

2 3 4 Ct 1 2 3 4



b. C s l thuyt

_Da trn nguyn tc qut hnh, ta c th thc hin vic hin th ma trn n bng cch qut theo

ct.Mi led trn ma trn LED c th coi nh mt im nh. a ch ca mi im nh ny c xc

nh ng thi bi b m hng v b m ct, im nh ny s c xc nh trng nh d liu

a ra t b vi iu khin 89C51.

Nh vy ti mi thi im ch c trng thi ca mt im nh c xc nh. Tuy nhin khi xc

nh a ch v trng thi ca im nh tip theo th cc im nh cn li s chuyn v trng thi tt

(nu led sng th s tt dn ). V th hin th c ton b hnh nh ca ma trn LED, ta c th

qut ma trn nhiu ln vi tc qut rt ln, ln hn nhiu ln so vi thi gian kp tt ca n. Mt

ngi ch nhn bit c ti a 24hnh/s do nu tc qut rt ln th s khng nhn ra c s

thay i nh ca led m s thy c ton b hnh nh cn hin th.

c. Nguyn l hot ng

_ Khi c mt tn hiu iu khin ct v hng, cc chn Anode ca cc led trn ct tng ng

c cp in p cao, ng thi cc chn Cathode ca cc led trn hng tng ng c cp in p

thp. Tuy nhin lc ch c mt led sng, v n c ng thi in th cao trn Anode v in th

thp trn Cathode. Nh vy khi c mt tn hiu iu khin hng v ct th ti mt thi im ch c

duy nht mt led ti ch gp nhau ca hng v ct l sng. Cc bng quang bo vi s lng led ln

hn cng c kt ni theo cu trc nh vy.

Trong trng hp ta mun cho sng ng thi mt s led ri rc trn ma trn, hin th mt k

t no , nu trong hin th tnh ta phi cp p cao cho Anode v p thp cho Cathode, cho led



tng ng m ta mun sng . Nhng khi mt s led ta khng mong mun cng s sng , min l

n nm ti v tr gp nhau ca cc ct v hng m ta cp ngun . V vy trong iu khin led ma trn

ta khng th s dng phng php hin th tnh m phi s dng phng php qut (hin th ng),

c ngha l ta phi tin hnh cp tn hiu iu khin theo dng xung qut trn cc hng v ct cn

hin th. cho mt nhn thy cc led khng b nhy , th tn s qut nh nht cho mi chu k l

khong 20HZ (50ms). Trong lp trnh iu khin led ma trn bng vi x l ta cng phi s dng

phng php qut nh vy.

Ma trn led c th l loi ch hin th c mt mu hoc hin th c 2 mu trn mt im , khi

led c s chn ra tng ng : i vi ma trn led 8x8 hin th mt mu ,th s chn ra l 16 ,

trong 8 chn dng iu khin hng v 8 chn cn li dng iu khin ct . i vi loi 8x8

c 2 mu th s chn ra ca led l 24 chn , trong c 8 chn dng iu khin ct ( hoc hng )

chung cho c hai mu , 16 chn cn li th 8 chn dng iu khin hng ( hoc ct ) mu th nht

, 8 chn cn li dung iu khin mu th 2.

C. IC ULN2803

_ULN2803 l IC m o c 16 chn trong c 8 ng vo v 8ng ra, doi y l hnh dng v

cu to bn trong ca 2803:

B m o dng IC ULN2803 nhm o bt nu ng vo mc cao qua 2803 ra s l mc thp v

ngc li. ULN2803 chu ng mc in p t 6V-15V.



D. Thit k a. S mch ngun 5v:

1 2 3

Xx: in p ng ra

78: ngun dng 2: mass

1: chn vo 3: chn ra

_Mch c s dng rng ri do cc u im nh tch hp ton b linh kin trong 1 kch thc nh

in p ra lun n nh.

_Mch n p dng IC 7805 trong t C1 dng lc v n nh in p ng ra, t C2 lc nhiu cao

tn. in p ng vo thng cao hn in p ng ra mch hot ng tt.

b. S mch hin th

b.1 S khi

78XX



b.2 Nhim v cc khi

+ 89C51: L ni lu gi cc chng trnh chnh v d liu.

+ Ma trn led : dng hin th.

+ B m : dng n nh d liu.

b.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca mch

+ i vi hng ta dng 8chn ca port 2 ni trc tip vi 8 u vo ca IC ULN2803 v 8

u ra ca IC ny c a vo 16 hng ca 2 ma trn led.

D liu c a trc tip t 89C51 qua IC ULN203 vo cc hng ca ma trn led. Tuy nhin

d liu ny khng n nh hoc xy ra hin tng nh hng ln nhau gia cc chn tn hiu a vo

hng, dn n sng tt ca n khng chnh xc. trnh hin tng ny ti 8 chn ra ca b m

(ULN2803) ta ni vo 8 chn B ca BJT A564, 8 chn E ca A564 ni vi ngun 5V, v chn C ca

BJT c a ra 16 hng ca 2 ma trn led.

+ i vi ct ta dng 8 chn ca port 3 v 8 chn ca port 1 c ni trc tip vi 16 u

vo ca 2IC 2803, v 16 u ra ca 2IC ny c a vo 16 ct ca 2 ma trn led.

+in p c th a trc tip t 89C51 qua IC ULN2803 vo cc hng ca ma trn led .Tuy

nhin in p ny c th khng n nh hoc c th xy ra hin tng nh hng ln nhau gia cc chn

tn hiu a vo hng, dn n sng tt ca n khng chnh xc. trnh hin tng ny mi chn

ra ca b m (l IC ULN2803) ta ni vo 8 chn B ca BJT A564, 8 chn E ca BJT A564 c ni

ngun 5V v chn C ca BJT ny c a vo 16 hang ca 2 ma trn Led.

B m hng

B m ct

Ma trn led

89C51



E. Phn mm

a. Lu thut ton

a .1 Lu thut ton : m ngc



Bt u

Gn R4= 60 Gn R6= 60 Gn 10H= 60 Gn 20H= 60

Gn R3= 01H Gn R7= 01H Gn R1= 0 Gn R2= 0 Gn R0=20H

P2=00H P1=00H P3=00H

DPTR=BANG MA DPTR+1 A

A P2

Thi gian tr

INC R0

Xut R3 P3 Gn R0 A

1

3 4

5



P3 A

RL A

INC R1

SS R1=8 1

R2 =8

P2 = 00H P3 = 00H

SUBB A ,16

INC R0

Xut R7 P1 Gn R0 A

DPTR=BANG MA DPTR+1 A

A P2

Thi gian tr

2



P1 A

RL A

A R7

SS R2=8 2

R0 A

SS A=10

INC 10H INC 20H

R6 =30

R6 = 30

SS R4=60 3

4

END



b. Chng trnh

ORG 0000H

LOOP1: MOV R4,#91

MOV R6,#5

MOV 10H,#16

MOV 20H,#0

LOOP1_1: MOV R3,#01H

MOV R7,#01H

MOV R1,#0

MOV R2,#0

MOV R0,#01H

LOOP1_2: MOV P2,#00H

MOV P1,#00H

MOV P3,#00H

MOV P3,R3

MOV A,R0

MOV DPTR,#BANGMA

MOVC A,@A+DPTR

MOV P2,A

CALL DELAY

INC R0

MOV A,P3

RL A

MOV R3,A

INC R1

CJNE R1,#8,LOOP1_2

MOV R2,#8

L3:

MOV P2,#00H

MOV P3,#00H

MOV P1,R7

MOV A,R0



SUBB A,#16

MOV DPTR,#BANGMA

MOVC A,@A+DPTR

MOV P2,A

CALL DELAY

INC R0

MOV A,P1

RL A

MOV R7,A

DJNZ R2,L3

MOV A,R0

CJNE A,10H,LOOP1_2

DJNZ R4,LOOP1_1

INC 10H

INC 20H

MOV R6,#5

DJNZ R4,LOOP1_1

JMP LOOP1

DELAY:

MOV TMOD,#01H

MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50)

MOV TL0,#LOW(-50)

SETB TR0

JNB TF0,$

CLR TR0

CLR TF0

RET



BANGMA:

DB 00H,00H,00H,00H,00H,00H,00H,00H

DB 00H,00H,00H,00H,00H,00H,00H,00H

DB 1EH,21H,21H,21H,12H,00H C

DB 3FH,08H,08H,08H,3FH,00H H

DB 3EH,11H,21H,41H,3EH,00H U

DB 1EH,21H,21H,21H,12H,00H C

DB 3FH,10H,08H,10H,3FH,00H M

DB 0BEH,41H,21H,01H,3EH,60H,00H U

DB 3FH,10H,08H,04H,3FH,00H N

DB 1EH,21H,25H,25H,16H,00H G

DB 3FH,10H,08H,04H,3FH,00H N

DB 1FH,0A8H,68H,0A8H,1FH,00H A

DB 3FH,10H,08H,10H,3FH,00H M

DB 3FH,10H,08H,10H,3FH,00H M

DB 1EH,61H,21H,0A1H,5EH,00H O

DB 21H,21H,3FH,21H,21H,00H I

DB 11H,23H,25H,29H,11H,00H 2

DB 1EH,21H,21H,21H,1EH,00H 0

DB 1EH,21H,21H,21H,1EH,00H 0

DB 19H,25H,25H,25H,1EH,00H 9

END

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Mạch Hiển Thị Ma Trận Led Làm Mạch Đèn Quảng Cáo