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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 1 of 10Opening Statement:

    I, Mara Zebest, am preparing this report at the request o

    Maricopa County Sherifs O ce in support o the Cold Case Po

    investigation.

    The PDF birth certicate document released by the White Hous

    (shown in Figure1) is a completely manuactured and abricat

    computer generated image. The same source le was used to

    print a copy handed to the AP (shown in Figure 2), in which th

    AP scanned in the version handed to them. A third photograph

    version (Figure 3) was touted by Savannah Guthrie who claime

    to have held and elt the seal on the document, but the origina

    Internet posted images have been scrubbed.

    The White House wants us to believe the PDF document starte

    out in printed orm on security paper retrieved rom Hawaiib

    this is not possible. All three versions maniest itsel as a printed

    document onlywhen the PRINT button is pressed rom within

    the original manuactured document le. This would account

    or the transormation o a document containing diferent colo

    backgrounds, and the ability to print with or without saety pa

    pattern (by turning a layer on or of).

    There is no doubt in my mind that this computer generated im

    never started out as a paper source document and was never

    scanned in as described by the White Houseit was digitallycreated and manufactured.

    The bulk o this report will explain the evidence to support this

    which will include the ollowing points:

    Inconsistencies within text characters: All anti-aliased text (

    a color scan), or all bitmapped text (in a black & white scan

    not a mixture o both which is impossible in a legitimate

    document. Image noise should also be consistent through

    Chromatic aberration absent: A color scanned documentwould display chromatic aberration. This is physics and occ

    in all color scans but is absent in Obamas PDF document.

    Layers: A normal scan is a at le and does not contain mu

    layers. The Obama PDF contains 9 layers and grouped to a

    clipping mask layer.

    Links: Indicate that components were pasted into the le,

    rotated, and resized.

    Clipping Mask Path hides image inormation: Proo o

    manipulation.

    Saety paper and white halo: Manuactured in nal steps.

    igure 2: A printout was given to AP which they scanned

    Blue background color

    and no safety paper

    igure 1: PDF le released rom White House

    Green safety paper

    background

    Figure 3: Savannah Guthrie photo claim to veriy documen

    Safety paper background

    with a gray/blue color

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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 2 of 10

    igure 5: Font Properties o Obamas PDF le

    Document Font Properties

    o original PDF fle

    Document Font Propertiesater OCR Text Recognition

    igure 6: Font Properties dialog ater OCR Text Recognition

    igure 4: Search or text is not recognizedNo OCR applied

    Search word in Find box

    No text ound in fle

    The OCR Argument Not a Factor!

    OCRwhich stands or Optical Character Recognitionwill sca

    document or text and convert any images o text to live (edita

    text.

    Ater OCR is applied to a PDF in Adobe Acrobat Pro, the text

    responds as i it is in a Word document. The OCR text can be

    selected, changed, copied and pasted. TheObama PDF documeas downloaded cannot be edited in the aorementioned mann

    Note:Adobe Acrobat Pro has PDF editing unctions, but Adobe

    Acrobat Readerdoes not.

    Additionally, i the PDF had been scanned using OCR sotware;

    would be able to search the document with keywords and i th

    text exists in the document, then those keywords would be ou

    Figure 4 shows the keyword Live typed in the FIND box, and

    though the word Live exists in the Certifcate o Live Birth tit

    dialog box responds that no matches were ound.

    When viewing the ont properties dialog box in Figure 5, no o

    are listed. I OCR was used, the image area would be converted

    recognized onts in the document and the onts would be listeThe dialog box is empty, indicating that Obamas PDF le does

    not recognize anytext. This dialog box can be viewed by going

    to the File menu > Properties, then click on the Font tab in thDocument Properties dialog box.

    Font-based text can be created atera le has been processed

    through the OCR Text Recognition eature in Adobe Acrobat. T

    run the OCR eature, go to the Document menu and select OC

    Text Recognition, and then clickRecognize Text Using OCR.

    Acrobat will then perorm a scan on the document and conver

    text ound in the image to editable text. Note that applying OC

    Text Recognition will alter the appearance o the characters in t

    conversion rom image to text.Figure 6 shows that all the onts recognized during the proces

    now listed in the Font Properties dialog box.

    Figure 7 shows another search (ater OCR is applied) on the

    keyword Live typed in the FIND box. The word Live is ound

    highlighted within the Certifcate o Live Birth title.

    Figure 7: Search or text is recognized ater OCR is applied

    Search word in Find box

    Text ound in OCR fle

    http://whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdfhttp://whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdfhttp://whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf
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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 3 of 10Introduction to Basic Terms

    Lets briey examine three terms related to graphic programs:

    Noise,Anti-aliasing, and Bitmap

    Noise v No Noise

    Scanned images will have a consistent noise. Any inconsistenc

    in noise would be a strong telltale sign o tampering. When looat an image at a normal zoom level (100%) colors may appear a

    one color o any particular area o an image. Zooming in closer

    the area, consistent noise is easily apparent in the slight variati

    o color rom neighboring pixels that make up each color (show

    in Figure 8). This is the natural noise level or this image. Note t

    it is consistent throughout the image; variations can be seen o

    neighboring pixels o each color area in the original image.

    In contrast, Figure 8 also shows an example ono noise as a res

    o digital manipulation. Two pixels were sampled to match colo

    within the image. Using a paint brush tool in Adobe Photoshop

    a streak o each sampled color is drawn across the image area.

    Clearly the lack o noise in the digital brush strokes is inconsiste

    with natural noise o the image. Components added digitally toimage do not contain noise. All neighboring pixels or the samp

    paint strokes in Figure 8 are solid in color with no variationn

    even the slightesto variations. In order to avoid detection whe

    editing an image, an experienced proessional will need to mim

    the noise to match the document. One common method used

    access the Add Noise lter ound on the Photoshop Filter men

    This was not done in the Obama PDF le. I this was a legitimat

    color scan, noise would be consistently displayed throughout t

    entire document.

    Bitmap (or Aliasing) v Anti-aliasing

    Figure 9 ofers a visual explanation oaliasing (or bitmap textcontrasted with anti-aliasing. Notice that aliasing is the visual

    stair-stepping o edges that occurs in an image which yields a

    jagged edge. Anti-aliasing is the smoothing o jagged edges

    in digital images by averaging the colors o the pixels at the

    boundary edges.

    Also notice the transition o pixel colors that occur in Figure 8

    where contrast colors bump up next to each other. This color

    transition (averaging o color pixels) makes the lines appear

    smooth when viewed at a normal viewing level. Without

    anti-aliasing to soten this line edge transition o colors, image

    have a choppy jagged edge quality (aliasing or bitmappedqua

    Anti-aliasing is either applied globally (to an entire image) duriscanningor not at all.

    Figure 10 is a perect example o an inconsistency that occurs

    image manipulation. The numerical characters 064 seen in the

    Figure are all aliased or bitmapped, and the 1 is anti-aliaseda

    well as containing noise.

    A color scan would produce anti-aliased results universally. Wh

    it is possible to use a bitmap setting when scanning, the results

    would create a black and white imageno color present. A bitm

    setting would turn every pixel to on or ofwhite or black. So i

    bitmap setting was used in a scan, then there shouldnt be a co

    background, along with varying colors in the text outside the

    grayscale range? All text color values have green tone valuesblack or grayscale.

    igure 9: Aliasing (or bitmap) and anti-aliasing

    igure 8: Painted brush strokes in digital scan lack noise

    Image noise

    Paint strokesno noise

    igure 10: Bitmap edges are jagged v smooth anti-aliased edge

    Bitmap edges are jagged Anti-aliased edges are smooth

    Noise

    No noise

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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 4 of 10Scanner Chromatic Aberration

    What is chromatic aberration? This occurs when diferent

    wavelengths o light are reracted diferently as it goes through

    a lens or prism during the scanning process. Light is reracted

    diferently as the scanner encounters one side o a contrasting

    color (particularly with text) compared to the opposite side o t

    contrasting color.

    In simpler terms, Figure 11 is an example oChromatic Aberrain which the scanner produced warm red-ish color values at

    the bottom and let edges o the text, and similarly the scanne

    produced cool blue-ish color values around the top and right

    edges o text transitions. Chromatic Aberration can be seen at

    high zoom level in color scans such as theAP versiono Obama

    BCbut this chromatic aberration is NOTpresent in Obamas P

    released by the White House.

    Because the AP version displays chromatic aberration, this is an

    indicator that the AP did receive a printed hard copy o the BC

    the White House and scanned whatever was presented to them

    did not do anything wrong. They simply scanned what was han

    to them.Its important to note that the AP version does NOT have a secu

    saety paper background pattern, but rather a baby blue colore

    background. This sudden diference in background color/patte

    is another inconsistency that could NOThappen i the docume

    was simply scanned with no urther manipulation and released

    the White Housebut this inconsistency would only happen i

    White House document is a manuactured le.

    Applying the Terms Reviewed

    A key problem with the document, as presented, is that it is rid

    with inconsistencies. Scanning a document withoutmanipulat

    produces an image with qualities that are consistent globally(throughout the entire image). Amateurish image manipulatio

    will reveal local(specic areas) o inconsistencies or odd artiac

    Another example o anti-aliased text containing noise or the le

    R mixed with surrounding bitmap text in Figure 12. The whit

    halo efect surrounding the text with no chromatic aberration

    also a strong indicator that the document was manipulated (m

    on the white halo later).

    Figure 13 displays text color inconsistencies in dates, along wi

    misspelling in the o cial stamp textTXE instead o THE. W

    it may be argued that the misspelling is merely a unction o th

    stamp ink applied unevenly, the odds signicantly decrease th

    this would occur on both vertical bars that afect both sides o H character. Both sides pull in substantially displaying an X. T

    stamp also sports suspicious markings in the Alvin signature t

    has been reerred to as a happy ace.

    Figure 14 ofers a contrast image o Alvin Onakas stamp in wh

    the words are spelled correctly and no happy ace markings in

    the Alvin signature. The Ph. spacing between the P and h i

    diferent in both signature images (the period spacing as well)

    Also, the stamp version displayed in Figure 13 is a solid bitmap

    layerno signs o texture (ink stamp on paper) can be detecte

    Some semblance o texture would be reected in an image

    scan (even with optimization applied), but this overall quality o

    texturethe ink stamp on paper as seen in Figure 14is abserom the Obama PDF.

    igure 11: Scanned text and Chromatic Aberration

    Cool blue color at the upper edges

    Warm red color at the lower edges

    igure 14: http://actcheck.org/2008/08/born-in-the-usa/

    No spelling error

    Alvins signature

    without smiley ace?

    igure 13: Examples o text inconsistencies

    Color variation evidence o manipulation

    Spelling error on stamp

    Alvins signature suddenly

    develops a smiley ace

    Green text color values

    igure 12: Obama PDF viewed in Acrobat at 1600% zoom level

    Noise, anti-aliasing, bitmap inconsistencyin textand no chromatic aberration

    http://abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/ap_obama_certificate_dm_110427.pdfhttp://abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/ap_obama_certificate_dm_110427.pdfhttp://abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/ap_obama_certificate_dm_110427.pdfhttp://factcheck.org/2008/08/born-in-the-usa/http://factcheck.org/2008/08/born-in-the-usa/http://abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/ap_obama_certificate_dm_110427.pdf
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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 5 of 10Layers: Flat, Man-made, and Optimized

    Attempts to suggest optimization explains the presence o laye

    the Obama PDF is simply not true. While it is true that optimizat

    can cause layers, it is not true that optimization explains the laye

    displayed in Obamas PDF. The layers in Obamas PDF clearly disp

    a decision-making process that would be present with image

    manipulation.

    A simple denition or optimization is a process that applies

    suitable compression settings to reduce le size.

    As statedoptimization can cause layersbut in the case

    o optimization; the process ohow the document is layered

    is completely computer-generated based on programming

    algorithms. Thus, there are certain predictable patterns.

    Beore examining the Figures, it might help to explain that there

    two types o graphic programs: Raster-basedand Vector-based

    Raster-based is a ancy word orpixel-basedwhich is the strengt

    o a program likeAdobePhotoshop. WhereasAdobeIllustrator

    is a vector-based programmeaning it relies on mathematical

    interpretations. Illustrator operates diferently than Photoshop i

    that lines or shapes drawn in Illustrator are reerred to aspaths

    mathematical equations that dene the line, line segment, or sh

    With this in mind, when a pixel-based image is opened in Illustra

    a path is generated to dene the outer boundary border o that

    object. This is why you will see sub-layers in the screen capture

    Figures with a Path title that corresponds to the visible blue (de

    color) rectangle-shaped border edges o an object (in the displa

    image).

    The AP le version o Obamas PDF in Figure 15 will serve to

    represent a scanned document and when opened in Illustrator,

    there is only one link, and one layer; the layer breaks down to

    display the ollowing sub-layers:

    A boundary edge Paththe blue border surrounding the im

    And the attenedImage

    Figure 16 shows a crucial diference in the number o layers

    displayed in Obamas PDF le (compared to the AP le): Obamas

    PDF has nine links and nine sub-layers (NOTE: The paths are acti

    displayed in the image). In addition to the nine sub-layer object

    a clipping path is at the top o the sub-layer list. The clipping pat

    groups all the remaining sub-layers below. Note the location o

    clipping path in the image, which will be explained urther on th

    next page. Its presence within the le and applied in a manner t

    hide portions o the image also reects image manipulation.

    Another crucial diference in the number o layers occurs whenoptimization is applied to the AP scanned image in Figure 17.

    There is an unreasonable amount o layers generated. Note desp

    resizing the Links and Layers panels, there is still ascroll boxwh

    scrolls the length o the emptyscrolling bararea (to ofer a sens

    how many layers extend beyond the current view).

    Examine how the layers divide the image into pieces. It is analog

    to taking a scissor and cutting the image into random rectangle

    Finally, notice that Figure 17 calls out the top layer as a bitmap l

    (which means it contains one color value only), while all remaini

    layers are color layers (contains multiple color values). One bitm

    layer and multiple color layers are typical optimization behavior

    but the reverse is true in Obamas PDF in which it contains multibitmap layers and only one color layer.

    igure 15: Normal one-layer scan document behavior

    Layer 1 includes the ollowing sub-layers:

    Outside border edge boundary path

    One Link

    One at image layer

    Outside border Path

    One at image

    igure 16: Multiple layers and links in Obamas PDF

    Multiple links

    Multiple sub-layers

    Outside border path

    Clipping Path

    Clipping Path layer

    igure 17: AP layers and links ater optimization is applied

    Huge amount o links

    Insane number o color sub-layers

    No logic to layer

    object decisions

    Scroll box

    Scroll box

    One bitmap sub-layer at top

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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 6 of 10The Clipping Mask Path

    Lets return to the previously mentioned Clipping Mask Path. T

    term maskreers to dening parts o an image to be hidden ro

    view (rather than have to delete unwanted parts). Anyvector sh

    can be used as aclipping pathin this case the rectangle path

    shape seen in Figure 18 denes an area that acts like a window

    Anything within the shape border is visible, and anything that

    outside its boundary is not visible. A benet derived rom usingclipping mask is it allows the mask to be reposition at any time

    show or hide diferent parts o the artwork. A clipping mask thahides image inormation rom view onlyoccurs in a manual pro

    to manipulated a document. I a clipping mask is generated in

    optimized leit will never hide inormation.

    Figure 18 displays the clipping mask as the only visible path

    when the Obama PDF is rst openedall other path objects

    behave as a group attached to the clipping path. To move and

    these objects separatelythe clipping mask group needs to b

    releasedor ungrouped.

    Figure 19 shows an open Layers panel (to display the sub-laye

    A right-click inside the clipping mask ofers a menu option toRelease Clipping Mask. Notice that releasing this path not on

    exposes the other grouped path objects, but suddenly uncove

    additional background pattern that spills outside (and beyond

    clipping mask path boundaryproo o image manipulation.

    X-Ray Scanner Vision

    Tom Harrison, a sotware designer, published a reportthat

    examines the top two sub-layer objects. Without a doubt, the

    implications o these two sub-layers are clear indications o ima

    manipulation. This cannot happen in a normal document. At

    glance these layers appear to be emptybut this is not the cas

    These layers contain odd random white pixel inormation, whilthe pixels under the white dots show no disturbance o saety

    paper pattern (on the bottom layer). This is simply not possible

    normal scan and can only happen in image manipulation.

    Tom Harrison ofers the ollowing analogy in his report: Try to h

    someone take a picture o a person holding a ootball hidden

    behind their back, not visible to the camera. Will you ever be a

    to extract the person rom the photograph and still see the oo

    revealed? O course not. However, i a picture is taken o a oot

    and a separate picture is taken o the person, layers can be use

    to hide the picture o the ootball behind the person (using a

    program like Photoshop). By placing the picture o a person on

    layer in ront oor on topo the layer containing the ootin the documentthe ootball would not be visible to the casu

    viewer unless the layer o the person is turned of.

    Using the ootball analogy, look closely at Figure 20a close-

    view to reveal numerous white pixels in the top layer object.

    Additionally, these pixels are bitmapped rather than displaying

    sot blending quality to transition into the background pattern

    another indication that the white pixels are not a normal part o

    the background pattern.

    Figure 21 shows the white dot layer turned of to expose the

    undisturbed saety pattern in the background (under the white

    pixel dots). To paraphrase Mr. Harrison, no scanner in the world

    has x-ray vision that can detect uninterrupted saety paper patunder another object (such as the random white dots).

    igure 18: Obama PDF opened in Illustrator with clipping mask

    Collapsed icon

    Visibility icon

    Clipping Path

    igure 19: Clipping Mask group released and sub-layers displayed

    Expand icon

    Release Clipping Mask Group

    Clipping Path

    igure 20: Zoom view o top layer reveals white pixels

    Top layer selected

    First link actively selected

    Layer object path

    White pixels display

    Layer visibility on

    igure 21: Layer turned of reveals uninterrupted pattern below

    First link deselected

    Layer object path turned o

    White pixels disappear:

    Pattern pixels uninterrupted

    Layer visibility o

    http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Illustrator/14.0/WS714a382cdf7d304e7e07d0100196cbc5f-644aa.htmlhttp://help.adobe.com/en_US/Illustrator/14.0/WS714a382cdf7d304e7e07d0100196cbc5f-644aa.htmlhttp://www.adobe.com/designcenter/video_workshop/?id=vid0057http://www.adobe.com/designcenter/video_workshop/?id=vid0057http://www.wnd.com/2011/07/326565/http://www.wnd.com/2011/07/326565/http://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/110726whitedots.pdfhttp://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/110726whitedots.pdfhttp://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/110726whitedots.pdfhttp://www.wnd.com/2011/07/326565/http://www.adobe.com/designcenter/video_workshop/?id=vid0057http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Illustrator/14.0/WS714a382cdf7d304e7e07d0100196cbc5f-644aa.html
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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 7 of 10

    igure 22: Target layers and objects or date and certiy stamps

    Selected active layers

    Selected active links

    Date stamp Certifcation stamp

    igure 23: Layers allow or moving the date and certiy stamps

    Date & certifcation stamps moved

    igure 24: Background layer with white halos can also move

    Background selected & moved

    Stamp Layer Appearance

    The main purpose and strength o layers is they allow parts

    o an image to be isolated to make it easy to repositioned, or

    adjust visibility (on or of) independently o surrounding image

    layered partsthus layers are a powerul image manipulation

    tool. It makes sense to have a date and a certication stamp on

    separate layersto move, rotate, or reposition or the purposeo manipulation and alteration. Figures 2224 demonstrate ho

    objects can be moved around independently. The Obama PDF

    has a clean separation o text isolated on each layer, unlike the

    optimization layer results or the same inormation in Figures 2

    26. The layer results seen in the Obama PDF cannot be duplica

    through optimization, but can be easily duplicated (and explai

    with an understanding o image manipulation.

    The date stamp and certication stamp are the selected layers

    Figure 22. The Links and Layers panels veriy the selection alon

    with the active blue paths that display around the layered obje

    Figure 23 demonstrates that the objects can be moved

    independent o the background (or other text items). Note thathe Obama PDF, the text or the certication stamp is complete

    and independently separated onto its own layer. The same is tr

    o the date stamp. This is a clear and important indication o im

    manipulation in which each o these items can be manipulated

    independently o the surrounding background layer. This clean

    separation can only be accomplished through image manipula

    o document elements.

    Figure 24 shows the background layer can also be selected an

    moved independently rom the stamp and date layer elements

    The white halos are a part o the background layer since white

    the typical color present when building a background layer. Th

    whenever the saety paper pattern is not present, the typical codisplayed in the absence o pattern will be white.

    Automation v Manual Manipulation

    Figure 25 and Figure 26 shows the lack o predictability when

    an automation process chops up an image and generates layer

    during optimization. As previously mentioned, the AP le open

    with the appearance o a normal scanned document containin

    only one layer. For this reason, the AP le was used to demonst

    what happens when optimization is applied. Ater the optimiza

    process, the AP le displays a multitude o layers.

    Most o the black text extracts onto one bitmap layer at the top

    the layer list. This top text layer is turned of in Figure 25. Notethe text does not separate cleanly onto one layer. Remnants o

    remain behind on a variety o the many multi-color layers in th

    that still have their visibility turned on in Figure 25. Additional

    the top text layer contains a large portion o all document text

    optimization ails to separate text according to useulness. In o

    words, all the stamp text doesnotreside on its own layernor

    there a diferent layer or the date textand again, no clean an

    complete separation.

    Figure 26 has the top text layer visibility turned back on again,

    but instead, one o the bottom background layers visibility is

    turned of this time. The selected paths show how theres no

    human quality to the logic in dividing inormation into layersmachine is deciding based on an automated process.

    igure 25: Optimized lacks the human element in layering

    Bottom layers selectedtext layer o

    igure 26: Text layer turned on and one background layer of

    Text layer onone background layer o

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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 8 of 10White Halo Creation

    The white halo efect presents two common questions; why is

    there a white halo, and what caused it? Beore answering the

    ormer question, lets address the latter.

    The white halo could simply be a unction o a selection create

    around all the textbeore lling the background layer with a

    green saety pattern.

    The green saety pattern could have easily been applied to the

    background layer withoutany selectionthus a solid pattern

    would have covered the entire background layerwithout a w

    halo. But or some reason, a white halo efect was generated

    either through an active selection when creating the backgrou

    or through an enhancement process, or a combination o both

    As might be expected, the creation o a background using a te

    selection is easily demonstrated with step-by-step Figures.

    Figure 27 shows the demonstration le set-up. The stamp text

    rom the Obama PDF le was copied (rom Illustrator) and past

    into a new Photoshop le on a layer that is above a solid white

    background layer. Note the two layers in the Layers panel: StamText layer and the Background layer (currently lled with white

    When working in a graphic program, i you want to apply any

    changes to an image, you have a choice to use a selection or t

    target area, or to make changes without a selection. I there is n

    selection, then any changes can be applied to the entire image

    without any restrictions. I a selection is created, the changes a

    limited to the selection area only. Analogous to selecting text i

    a Word program to apply a change, such as bold ormatting; th

    text is rst selected, and the bold ormatting is then applied to

    selection only.

    In this example, a selection will be created around the text as t

    next step shown in Figure 28. Any object separated on a layercan easily be used to create a selection o that object. Simply h

    down the Ctrl key and click on the layer thumbnailin this cas

    click on the Stamp Textlayer. A selection that resembles march

    ants appears around the text. The next step is to expand the

    selection to include a little extra space surrounding the text. Th

    can be accomplished rom the Select menu, using Modiy, and

    then choosing the Expand option (also seen in Figure 28).

    The Expand Selection dialog boxdisplays in Figure 29 which all

    a user to speciy how many pixels to expand the selection. Sinc

    the idea is to surround the text by a small area, the amount ent

    in this example will be 2 pixels.

    The expanded selection in Figure 30 currently surrounds thetext. However, the current selection area needs to remain whit

    since the ultimate goal is to apply a pattern ll to the surroundbackground areanot the surrounding text area. Thereore, the

    selection needs to be reversedalso known as inverseto ens

    the pattern will ll everything on the background layer exceptt

    text area.

    Go to the Select menu shown in Figure 30. The Inverse option

    chosen. The selection is now ready to ll with a color, or a patte

    or even another scanned image (such as a scan o security sae

    paper). Everything but the text area is now selected. For purpo

    o this demonstration, the next step will dene a saety paper

    pattern and ll the background layer using the current activeselection.

    igure 27: A two-layer stamp text le created to demonstrate

    Bottom layer: White background

    Top layer: Certifcation stamp text

    igure 28: A text selection created and selection expanded

    Text is selected

    Ctrl+click on layer thumbnail

    igure 29: Expand Selection optionexpanded 2 pixels

    Expand Selection dialog box

    igure 30: Next the selection needs to be inversed

    Text selection expanded by 2 pixels

    Selection Inverse option

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    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 9 of 10Saety Paper Creation

    In a program such as Photoshop, a selection can be lled with a

    solid color o choice, an image, or a pattern can also be dened

    ll option. It should be noted that a ull sheet o saety paper co

    have been scanned and used without going through steps to de

    it as a patternbut a pattern can be easily dened rom an exist

    image as an alternative method. Most likely, there was access to

    a sample o saety paper when creating the Obama PDF. Its not

    necessary to reinvent the wheelthe current Obama PDF le w

    used as the source pattern or the purpose o this demonstratio

    The Obama PDF is temporarily opened in Figure 31 and a squar

    selection is made to isolate a portion o the pattern that will tile

    easilywhich means that when the selected area is lled repeat

    next to each other, the pattern continues seamlesslywithout a

    noticeable disruptions in the pattern. With the selection active, t

    Defne Pattern option is selected rom the Edit menu. The Oba

    PDF le is closed and no longer needed.

    Back to the demonstration le shown in Figure 32; with the

    Background selected as the active layer, the Fill option is chosen

    rom the Edit menu.

    In the Fill dialog box, the Pattern option rom the Contentlist is

    chosen in Figure 33.

    The saety paper pattern dened earlier in Figure 31 is also chose

    the Fill dialog boxin Figure 34. ClickOK to complete the efect.

    The results in Figure 35 show a slight white halo outside the tex

    In Figure 36the Stamp Text layers visibility is turned o, and

    marching ants are deselected (Ctrl+D). The white halo efect wa

    easily manuactured in less than a minute, in less time than it to

    read the explanation.

    In summation, the security paper background layer was added

    as the last step to create the illusion o an image in which text

    was imprinted on security paper. However, the text had in actbeen placed and arranged on a solid white background. This las

    application gives a created image the alse appearance o being

    o cial document.

    igure 31: Selection used to dene a pattern

    Selection o a sample pattern area

    Defne the selection as a pattern

    igure 33: The Pattern option is used in the Fill dialog box

    Pattern Fill option chosen

    igure 34: The dened pattern chosen rom Custom Pattern list

    Custom Pattern chosen

    igure 32: Use the Edit menu to launch the Fill dialog box

    Selection inversed

    Fill option chosen

    Background

    layer active

    Figure 35: The pattern lls the selection area

    Backgroun

    contains patte

    Figure 36: Turn of the text layer: White halo efect is display

    Stamp Text visibility o

    White halo eect

  • 8/2/2019 Ma Raze Best Report

    10/10

    REPORT BARACK OBAMA: LONG FORM BIRTH CERTIFICATE Page 10 of 10Some Final Thoughts

    The previous exercise demonstrated how the white halo could

    created, but there can be a multitude o ways to accomplish th

    same task in a program such as Photoshop. Whether or not the

    exercise presented is the denitive method is notthe main poi

    The exercise was presented as a possible solution to the questi

    How did the white halo get into the document?But actually, the oquestion that matters is: why is the white halo there at all?An

    o cial document obtained by legitimate procedures and scan

    would nothave the white halo.

    As previously stated, every anomaly can be easily explained as

    manuactured document. Not only does this document display

    attributes that it was completely manuactured digitally, but th

    is strong evidence that a master le exists as a source le. What

    meant by a master le? A master le is a le in which all the obj

    still exist on separate layers (in other words, more layers and

    inormation than seen in the Obama PDF sub-layers).

    For example, in the Obama PDF, the bottom layer contains the

    background pattern with some text elements merged ontothat layer. In the master le version, the text still remains on a

    separate layerNOT merged with the background layer. It is

    highly probable that this master le also contains the short or

    certicate layers (which would explain the problems seen in th

    version o the le).

    Figure 37 and Figure 38 demonstrate that the AP version o th

    long orm certicate contains a diferent set o problems as ol

    A sudden shit to a diferent background

    Saety paper pattern in the shadow at the let edgebut n

    the document background

    Short orm embedded into the printoutFigure 38 is anenhanced version which allows the details to be seen more

    easily

    Once again, all o these additional problems displayed in the

    AP version would not occur i the source document presented

    to the AP had been a legitimate scanned document without

    manipulation. However, all three problems would easily be a re

    o a manuactured source lein which layers rom a master le

    were turned ofor mistakenly let on.

    igure 37: Some extra remnants visible in the AP version

    Background color

    magically shits to blue

    Forgot to turn o saety-paper

    layer in manuactured shadow

    Forgot to turn o a

    short orm layer

    igure 38: Enhancement applied to easily see short orm

    Enhancement applied to

    display short orm elements