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A substation may be defined as an assembly of apparatus , which transforms the characteristics of electrical energy from one form to another form.
at generating station the electrical power is produced at low voltages. The electrical power should not be transmitted at these low voltage due to large amount of line losses and economical reasons. To minimise the losses and for economical transmission the low voltage are stepped up to high voltage and transmitted to far off places. The consumers dont use such higher voltage directly and so they must be transformed to low voltage for distribution purpose and done in these substation .so the substation may be called as link between generating station and consumers. The transmission voltage are 66 kV , 110 kV, 132 kV , 220 kV , 400 kV etc. the distribution voltage generally used are 6.6 kV, 11 kV and 33 kV.