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S Access to Grant Applications: S. M. Schwartz; Nuclear Power Potential:J. J. Taylor; Dutch or Deutsch?: I. M. Kolthoff;J. C. Kraft .........

L Electronc Data Bases.

Eastern Geothermal Resources: Should We Pursue Them?: J. E. TilimanFrom Diys to Ylides toMy Idyll: G. Wittig.....................

r

593

596

600

DNA Methylation and Gene Function: A. Razin andA. D. Riggs.604

Upstart Television: Postponing a Threat ...................... 11

Briefing: OMB Offers Option on A-21; Doctors Must Put Patients First,Says Edit6r; Turlkc Tribe Seeks Alaskan Peaks as Home ............ 812

Trouble in Science and nn Education.815

Institute of Medicine Gets New President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-O16

IOM Elects New Members: .8........................... 617

Intrferon: Gains Come Slowly .......................

U1980 Nobel Prize in Physics to Cronin and Fitch ................ . 61919680Nobel Prizeisi or Medicine .............21

Natural ier Cells Help Defed the Body.... . ... . 624

AAS Nws Science 80 Reaches 1-YearMark; Nomination ofAAAS Invited.Added toSB&F Reviews; Pellows Pa inOreien:n-p., - .Wor; Reminder to Members; Mass Media Sience Flw's p-Experiences: G. J. Breslow;SACNAS to Hold 1960 Nation

IOOK REVIEWS Fossiis in theMaking, reviewed by P. Dodson; TheSky Explore,Yd ub in;

Cohrence and Correlatiop-in AtomicCoss,E. -b r;

Genetics ofAltrM M. Skln;iB6kR o --v. .1r'

ft.

-

REPORTS Bacterial Resistance to Ultraviolet Irradiation Under Anaerobiosis: Implicationsfor Pre-Phanerozoic Evolution: M. B. Rambler and L. Margulis. . . . . . . . . 638

Subcellular Origin of Cholinergic Transmitter Release from Mouse Brain:P. T. Carroll andJ. M. Aspry. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

Oral Contraceptives, Lanosterol, and Platelet Hyperactivity in Rat:M. Ciavatti et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Somatostatin: Occurrence in Urinary Bladder Epithelium and Renal Tubules ofthe Toad, Bufo marinus: J. L. Bolaffi et al .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Liquid-Phase Dehydration ofAqueous Ethanol-Gasoline Mixtures:G.F.Fanta etal .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

Stereospecific Nicotine Receptors on Rat Brain Membranes: C. Romano andA. Goldstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

Carbon-1 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Osmoregulation in a Blue-GreenAlga: L. J. Borowitzka et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Environmental Influences on Serotonin and Cyclic Nucleotides in RatCerebral Cortex: M. C. Diamond et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Nigral Dopamine Neurons: Intracellular Recording and Identification withL-Dopa Injection and Histofluorescence: A. A. Grace and B. S. Bunney . . . . . 654

Bioactive Conformation of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone: Evidencefrom a Conformationally Constrained Analog: R. M. Freidinger et al .... . . . 656

Infectious Diseases and Population Cycles of Forest Insects:R. M. Anderson andR. M. May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

Reorganization ofthe Axon Membrane in Demyelinated Peripheral Nerve Fibers:Morphological Evidence: R. E. Foster, C. C. Whalen, S. G. Waxman . . . . . . 661

Aspirin: An Unexpected Side Effect on Prostacyclin Synthesis in CulturedVascular Smooth Muscle Cells: J. Whiting, K. Salata, J. M. Bailey . . . . . . . 663

Kin Selection: Its Components: M. J. Wade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

Adaptive Topography in Family-Structured Models of Kin Selection:R. E. Michod and R. Abugov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Male Photuris Fireflies Mimic Sexual Signals ofTheir Females' Prey:J. E. Lloyd .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . .. . . . . 669

Nonolfactory Sensory Pathway to the Telencephalon in a Teleost Fish:T. E. Finger ...... .. ...... ..... . ...... ..... . . . . . 671

Attentional Factors in the Inhibition ofa Reflex by a Visual Stimulus:E. M. DelPezzo and H. S. Hoffman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

COVER

Firefly habitat in northwestern penin-sular Florida in March. Pulsing Pho-turis males descend from tall pines tofly, fficker, and glow, like males of un-related species. Males are probably inquest of their females which are, i'nturn, hunting the foreign males by ag-gressive signal mimicry. See page 669.[Dan Otte, Academy of Natural Sci-ences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]

7 November 1980, Volume 210, Number 4470

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ElectTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the presenta- Profou

tion and discussion of important issues related to the ad-vancement of science, including the presentation of mi- tneval, anority or conflicting points of view, rather than by pub- nience oflishing only material on which a consensus has been . .z.reached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science- Digtizedincluding editorials, news and comment, and book re- They canviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted by the abroad tbAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are af- technoloiffiated.

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SCIENCE

onic Data Basesind changes are occurring in the creation, processing, storage, re-Lnd transmission of scientific numerical data. The power and conve-f electronic instrumentation has led to its wide use in laboratories.data from such equipment can readily be stored and processed.

a be retrieved and transmitted to other equipment both here andirough telecommunication networks. In many areas of science andgy large electronic data bases are being created that can also behrough the networks. Improvements in very large scale integratednd memory devices, together with development of additional soft-rarantee a great expansion of the role of electronic data.lectronic devices have made possible experiments and observa-previously attainable and the accumulation of data at unprecedent-This is true throughout the natural sciences. The exploration of

Iy the Voyager spacecraft was completely dependent on electroniclevices, communication of signals to the earth, storage of the datairies, and subsequent machine processing. The Geosynchronousnental Operational Satellite measures visible and infrared spectrarth's disk every 30 minutes and produces 2 x 1011 bits of data every

processes in nature occur in very short times. An important re-ontier today is picosecond chemistry. Through the use of lasers andc sensing devices, much information is now being gathered aboutitates of atoms and molecules. Details of the mechanisms of photo-are being studied. When light falls on a plant, excited states are

i, electrons are transferred, spectral changes take place. Thesena occur in time spans of microseconds or less.nstrumentation has had profound effects on analytical chemistry.,t striking one has been to create the capability of identifying andig very tiny amounts of substances. By employing a combination ofd chromatography and mass spectrometry, biochemists have been;olate and measure 0.1 picogram of a hormone. With other equip-alyses can be made much more rapidly than heretofore. A newhotometer produces an entire spectrum from 200 to 800 micro-i only 1 second.or hazard in hospitals is errors of transcription, which sometimesgh as 5 percent or more. Modern hospitals try to avoid such errors1 laboratories by using electronic devices and storing results in ar. A similar situation exists in pharmaceutical laboratories, whichintain records of exemplary quality. Every measurement possible,weighing, is conducted with equipment that ties into the computer.)nic storage of digital data is the only feasible means of dealing withion in areas of science where it is produced at such a great rate thatt on paper would be impractical. In addition, once the massiveof data are in machine-retrievable form, they can be processed andIquickly and with a thoroughness beyond human capability.iters can communicate with each other, and this is being facilitatedand private networks. Traffic is increasing rapidly. In large part

ie to the establishment of commercially available data bases, whichnding in scope and numbers. The data bases will be helpful in purethey are already proving very valuable in applied research, andI organizations are willing to pay well for tapping them. In fieldschemistry, solid state physics, and metallurgy, international pom-is arising among compilers and vendors. We are in the early phasetant changes in electronic data handling. The federal governmentLmoderately helpful in furthering these developments, but expan-ts support is in order.-PHILIP H. ABELSON

om a talk given at the CODATA Conference in Kyoto, Japan, 8 October 1980. Pro-f the conference are to be published by Pergamon Press. ZC 2