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UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whel Da Bnten_

i READ INST RkUCTIONS

REPORT DOCUM,ENTATION PAGE BEORE COMPLETNG FORM1. REPORT NUMBER 2. 3OVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

TECHNlICAL MEMRANDUM NO. 74-11 1

4. TITLE (and Bubtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Final ReportJuly 70 - October 73

SHELTER, LIGHTWEIGHT, SMALL GROUP (4-6 MAN) s. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(e) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(*)

Norman P. LeibelEnvironment & Survival Branch

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA A WORK UNIT NUMBERS

US Army Land Warfare LaboratoryAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 Task No. 02-S-71

It. CONTROLLMG OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

April 197413. NUMBER OF PAGES

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14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME A AODRESS(tf differet fr Controlhg Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

Unclassified1a. DECL ASSI FICATION/DOWN GRADIN G

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Chia Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abetract entered In Block 20, If different from Report)

TECHNICAL LIBRARYBLDG. 305

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD,

I8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES -Tl

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree side if neceeaary and identify by block number)

TentSmall Group4 to 6 ManMedical Treatment

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveree side It neceeary end Identify by block number)

The purpose of this task was to design and develop environmental kits, sun-

shade and liner, for the medical treatment tent developed by USALWL under

Task 01-S-66. The kits were required in order that the medical treatment tent

could be evaluated as a general purpose tent in extreme environmental con-

ditions. The environmental kits developed are lightweight, easy to install

and will provide additional protection when used with the tent in extreme

hot or cold environments.

DD I JjAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE iii UNCLASSTYIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)

r D-7 IO3PREFACE

The USALWL wishes to acknowledge the efforts of the Arctic Institute ofNorth America (AINA) which provided logistical support to USALWL personnelduring field tests conducted in Canada in 1971 and to express appreciationto Mr. Joseph C. Labelle, AIA, who evaluated 4-6 Man, Shelter, on MountLogan, Canada, in 1972 during an evaluation of other mountaineering equip-ment.

The US Army JFK for Military Assistance, Ft. Bragg, NC, US Army NorthernWarfare Training Center, Ft. Wainwright, Alaska, and the Special ForcesDetachment (Airborne) Europe conducted field evaluation on the Shelter,Light Weight, Small Group.

TECHICAL LIBRARYBLDG. 305

ABERDEEN PROVIIG C( TN'D, 0,1ST, TL

INTRODUCTION

In 1966 the USALWL initiated a task to design and develop a medical tentwhich could be used by special forces troops to perform emergency treatmentin remote areas. The final design evolved from a commercial model and aquantity of tents were fabricated and offered for field evaluation. Thedoctrine change to immediate medical evacuation of wounded personnel fromthe field by helicopter, which occurred during the development of the tent,negated the requirement and plans for a field evaluation were cancelled.Results of this task have been published in Tech Report No. 69-20 dtdNov 1969.

Other organizations became interested in the tent as a lightweight shelterand as a result, a DPSDR was prepared in July 1969 around the medicaltreatment tent. This document specified the development of environmentalkits to permit use of the tent in all environments and resulted in theinitiation of USALWL's Task 02-S-71, Shelter, Lightweight, Small Group

(4-6 Man). A sunshade and a liner were developed for the shelter and fieldtests were conducted in extreme environments. The kits are lightweight,easily installed and provide additional protection to personnel required tooperate in extreme conditions. Prototype tents have been fabricated andare presently being evaluated by units in the field.

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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCESSORY KITS

Thermal Liner

A thermal liner of 1/8 inch Ensolite (closed-cell, foamed vinyl material)was fabricated. The seams in the liner were cemented with an adhesive andtaped. The tape/adhesive proved troublesome because of difficulties inshaping to the curved seams so the tapes were removed. All joints werecemented with an adhesive and each seam was sewn with a long stitch tohold the pieces while the adhesive dried. The liner had ties connectedto patches which were cemented to the liner. These ties corresponded toloops on the main structure. (See Figure 1.) The ties/loops are colorcoded to simplify installation. Ensolite has a thermal conductivityapproximately twice that of dry air so that it provides fairly good in-sulation by itself, but great improvements can be achieved by leavingan air space between the tent and the liner. For this reason the loopson the tent were sewn so that the liner would hang about 2 inches fromthe tent material.

The Ensolite, although an excellent insulator, was bulky and entirely un-suitable as a tent liner since it did not breathe. Moisture condensed onthe inner surface forming ice crystals which fell on the occupants. Anylon ripstop camouflage material weighing 1.9 ounce per square yard wasthen fabricated into a liner and tested. Although this liner was not aseffective an insulator as the Ensolite, it did provide adequate insulationand protection from drafts. In addition, it allowed moisture to pass throughthe porous material of the liner to the inner surface of the tent where itcondensed. The nylon fabric liner was lighter in weight, folded into asmall package and did not absorb moisture. A stovepipe outlet was providedboth in the liner and tent so that the pot belly stove M1940 or Yukon StoveM1941 could be used to heat the tent. When using either stove, adequateventilation is required.

Sunshade

A sunshade was developed from basic tent material which weighs 3.95 ouncesper square yard. The design was based on the double roof principle to allowair flow between the two roofs. This sunshade fits over the fiberglass rods(Figure 2) and is staked to the ground. The center of the sunshade isapproximately one foot from the tent material, permitting air to flow betweenthe fabrics resulting in cooler interior temperatures in the tent. It wasnoted that the sunshade/thermal liner combination not only reduced the tenttemperature during use in hot and moderate temperatures but also providedwarmth in cold temperatures.

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TESTING

Testing of the environmental kits has been conducted on prototype tentsat Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD; St. Elias Mountain Range; Yukon Territory,Canada; Yuma Proving Ground, AZ.

Initially, the tents were allowed to stand for several days at AberdeenProving Ground, to test the effects of moderate environmental stresses.The tents withstood 15 mph winds and heavy rains without any problems.The tents were then tested in the St. Elias Mountain Range where harshenvironmental conditions were experienced during the five day test period.Ten inches of snow within an eight-hour period, winds up to 40 mph, andtemperatures as low as -100F were experienced during this test. Testpersonnel utilized the tents for living and sleeping quarters, whichsimulated conditions a soldier would experience in the same environment.The structure proved to be rugged, serviceable, comfortable and aero-dynamically sound.

Limited testing of the tent in a hot dry environment was conducted at YumaProving Ground, using the thermal liner, the sunshade and liner/sunshadecombination. Mid-tent and inside fabric temperatures were recorded alongwith the appropriate meteorological data. Temperatures were also recordedon a tent without a liner or sunshade. The ambient temperatures ran ashigh as 100OF during the test period.

Results of these tests were not statistically significant since the samplesize was too small.

Following the environmental field testing by USALWL, a quantity of tentswere fabricated and shipped to the field for evaluation. Evaluation ispresently being conducted by US Army John F. Kennedy Center for MilitaryAssistance, Ft. Bragg, NC; US Army Northern Warfare Training Center, AK;and the Special Forces Detachment (Airborne) Europe. Results of theseevaluations should be available in September 1974.

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CONCLUSIONS

1. A frost liner must be used in cold environments to prevent icecrystals which form on the coated tent fabric from falling on occupants.The liner also provides additional insulation against the cold.

2. A sunshade or sunshade/liner combination provides added protectionfrom high temperatures.

3. The external frame concept is functionally superior to the presentArmy Tent Lightweight M1950.

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DISTRIBUTION LIST

Copies

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