PHN MTTNG QUAN V LU VC SNG THU BN VU GIA

Sng Thu Bn vi din tch lu vc rng 10,350km2, chim trn 80% din tch ton tnh Qung Nam, l mt trong 9 h thng sng ln ca c nc v l h thng sng ln ca khu vc min Trung, ln nht khu vc Trung Trung B. Sng bt ngun t khi ni Ngc Linh thuc huyn Dak Glei, tnh Kon Tum v ra bin ti ca i, thnh ph Hi An, tnh Qung Nam, mt nhnh chy vo sng Vnh in nc vo sng Hn, Nng. Trc khi ra bin ti ca i, mt phn nc ca sng chy vo sng Trng Giang ra vnh An Ha Tam Quang, huyn Ni Thnh. Sng Thu Bn cng vi sng Vu Gia, hp lu ti i Lc to thnh h thng sng ln vi chiu di sng chnh 205 km, c vai tr rt quan trng i vi i sng v tm hn ngi Qung. Phn ln din tch lu vc sng chy trong a phn Qung Nam Nng v ra bin Ca i v Nng, phn thng ngun mt phn nm trn t Kon Tum v Qung Ngi. Vo on cui ca sng c nhiu chi lu ngang dc an xen nhau to thnh mt mng li thy vn v cng phc tp. Lu vc sng Thu bn Vu Gia c ranh gii vi cc lu vc: Pha Bc gip lu vc sng Cu Pha Nam gip lu vc sng SSan, sng Tr Bng Pha ng gip bin ng v lu vc sng Tam K Pha Ty gip vi Lo Sng bt ngun t khi ni Ngc Linh (Nam Qung Nam-Bc Kon Tum); phn thng lu ny c gi l ak Di. Sng chy ngc ln pha Bc qua cc huyn trung du ca tnh Qung Nam nh Nam Tr My, Bc Tr My, Tin Phc, Hip c. Khi i qua y, sng nhn thm nhiu chi lu l cc sng, sui nh. on chy qua Tin Phc v Hip c c gi l sng Tranh. Bt u khi i qua a phn Qu Sn, Duy Xuyn, sng mi bt u c gi l Thu Bn. Qu Sn, sng i sang hng Ty Nam-ng1

Bc. Khi chy qua ranh gii gia Duy Xuyn v i Lc, Thu Bn nhn chi lu ln nht t ngn, l sng Vu Gia. Sng ra bin ng ca i. Cch ca i khng xa ngoi khi l c lao Chm. Trc khi ra bin, sng to ra mt s phn lu nh sng Ba Chm, sng C C, sng nh, sng , sng Hi An.

Hnh: Bn lu vc Thu Bn Vu Gia Sng Thu Bn: Sng Thu Bn l dng chnh ca h thng sng cng

tn. Phn thng ngun ca sng cn c gi vi mt ci tn khc l sng Tranh. Sng bt ngun t ni Ngc Linh cao 2,598m thuc huyn Nam Tr My, tnh Qung Nam. Phn thng lu, sng chy theo hng Nam Bc qua cc huyn Nam Tr My, Bc Tr My, Tin Phc, Hip c, Nng Sn, Qu Sn. n Giao Thy sng chy vo vng ng bng cc huyn Duy Xuyn, in Bn v Thnh ph Hi An. Chiu di ca dng chnh n Ca i di 198 km vi tng din tch n Giao Thy (ni hp lu vi sng V Gia) rng2

3,825km2. Thng lu ca sng Thu Bn c cc ph lu cp II ln nh Sng Khang, sng Vang, sng Tranh, sng Gnh Gnh. Ti Giao Thy, sng nhn nc t ph lu Vu Gia to thnh mt h thng phn lu kh phc tp vng h lu sng. Ti th trn Vnh in, mt phn nc ca sng Thu Bn vo chi lu Vnh in dn nc vo sng Hn v ra ca Nng. H lu sng Thu Bn c mng li phn lu, nhp lu phc tp v cui cng chy ra ca i. Khi sng v ng bng, chng nhn mt lng nc t sng Vu Gia chy qua sng Qung Hu vo pha t sng ti Giao Thy. H lu Giao Thy khong 16km c phn lu sng Vnh in dn t sng Thu Bn tr li nc sng Vu Gia ti sng Hn ri nc ra bin qua ca Nng. Sng Vu Gia: L mt trong hai sng hp thnh h thng sng Thu

Bn nn cng c ngi gi h thng sng Thu Bn-Vu Gia. Lu vc sng Vu Gia nm v pha bc lu vc sng Thu Bn thuc a phn cc huyn ng Giang, Ty Giang, Nam Giang, i Lc v in Bn tnh Qung Nam, huyn Ha Vang thnh ph Nng. Sng Vu Gia c cc ph lu cp II quan trng gm sng Bung, sng Kn, sng Ci. Chiu di dng chnh tnh t thng ngun sng Ci n ca Hn ( Nng) di 204km. Tng din tch lu vc n th trn i Ngha (huyn l huyn i Lc) t 5,180km 2. Phn thng ngun sng Vu Gia c mt phn lu vc nm trn t Kon Tum, thuc huyn c Glei vi tng din tch lu vc t 500km2. Ti i Ngha, sng c gi vi mt tn khc l sng Qung Hu v nc vo sng Thu Bn. Sng c chia thnh 2 chi lu Sng Yn v sng Chu Bi. Sng Yn chy v pha An Trch, sau nhp lu vi sng Ty Loan chy vo sng Hn, Nng. Phn h lu sng Vu Gia c nhiu phn lu nh sng Yn, sng La Th, sng Qu Ging, sng Thanh Qut.

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PHN HAINHNG KH KHN HIN NAY TRONG QUN L LU VC SNG THU BN VU GIARng v cc ngun khong sn lu vc c nguy c cn kit Mt a dng sinh hc Lm bin i dng chy

Xi mn t lu vc

Kh khn trong qun l lu vc sng Thu Bn Vu Gia

Nn ph rng u ngun

Nn khai thc khong sn t qu mc

Bin i kh hu

Quy hoch v xy dng cc cng trnh thy in h cha cha hp l

Xi l b sng

Cc kh khn khc

Qun l thiu ng b, tp trung

thc ca ng i dn

Nhu cu v g v cht dt tng

Khai thc rng cha hp l

Xy dng cc cng trnh thy in

Nhu cu s dng KS tng

Khai thc thiu quy hoch

Hin tng ElNino LaNina

Hiu ng nh 4 knh

Nc bin dng

Nhu cu s dng in tng

QH v xy dng cha hp l

L lt hng nm

CS v vn bn lin quan

V t chc

V quy hoch

Nguyn nhn1. Nn ph rng u ngun - Rng u ngun b ph do nhu cu cht t tng v do thc ca ngi dn cht lng rng b gim nng n phn ln l rng u ngun Xy dng h cha thu li, thu in.-

Gii phpTrng rng mi, tng cng cng tc qun l bo v rng, tuyn truyn vn ng thc khi thc hp l v bo v ti nguyn rng v t rng.

Xy dng cc h cha thng lu iu tit ngun nc v vn hnh theo quy trnh hp l ng thi xy dng cc cng trnh khai thc ly nc mt, nc di t trung v h lu cc LVS. Khai thc khong sn mt cch hn ch, c mc , khng khai thc t i tr Khng c t chc khai thc khong sn khu vc u ngun, xung yu. Cn c nhng phng n quy hoch vng khai thc mt cch hp l v hng n khai thc bn vng Tng cng nng cao thc bo v mi trng, ti nguyn thin nhin Tng cng cng tc trng v lm giu rng

2. Khai thc khong sn t, qu mc - Nhu cu s dng khong sn tng, v mt phn khc l v li nhun - Khai thc thiu quy hoch-

3. Bin i kh hu - Hin tng ElNino, LaNina -

-

Hiu ng nh knh do pht thi cc kh trong -

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cng nng nghip - Mc nc bin dng

-

Hn ch s dng cc ngun nng lng ho thch. Tn dng cc sn phm c th ti ch, hn ch cc cht thi c hi i vi mi trng

Xy dng cc h cha thng lu iu tit ngun nc v vn hnh theo quy trnh hp l ng thi xy dng cc cng trnh khai thc ly nc mt, nc di t trung v h lu cc LVS. - Xy dng p dng s dng ht lng nc c - Khai thc s dng ngun nc i i vi bo v bn to ra khc sng kh di p. ngun nc, bo m duy tr dng chy mi trng cho con sng kho mnh, bo v v pht trin h sinh thi thu sinh. - Trng v bo v rng phng h u ngun 5. Xi l b sng - Tng cng xy dng cc cng trnh bo v, ngn chn tnh trng xi l b sng cc lu vc 6. Cc kh khn khc - Quy hoch - Cn sm hon chnh v trnh duyt chnh thc quy hoch cc LVS trng im bao gm quy hoch pht trin v c quy hoch bo v - Phi quy hoch ti nguyn nc v u tin, s dng c hiu qu cc ngun vn u t cho cng

4. Quy hoch v xy dng cc cng trnh thy in h cha cha hp l - Xy dng h cha thu li, thu in. -

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tc ny - Chnh sch v cc vn bn lin quan cha hon - Hon thin h thng chnh sch v cc vn bn thin lin quan - Cc c quan chc nng cn c bin php ch ti x pht vi phm trong lnh vc ti nguyn nc. - S dng kinh ph t thu thu vo vic qun l, x l cc vn lu vc sng. T gip cho vic qun l lu vc sng tt hn 7. Qun l thiu ng b v tp trung - Qun l ti nguyn nc b phn tn, tnh rng - Cn qun l theo lu vc tuyn sng, lin kt cc buc khng cht ch, thiu thng nht a phng li vi nhau - Cng tc qun l lu vc sng Vu Gia - Thu - Cng tc qun l cn phi c quan tm v phi Bn thi gian qua cha c quan tm ng hp cht ch hn. mc - Thnh lp Ban Qun l quy hoch lu vc sng Vu Gia - Thu Bn

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PHN BA CC MU THUN HIN NAY TRONG QUN L LU VC SNG THU BN VU GIA V XUT CC GII PHP KHC PHC

S th hin cc mu thun trong qun l lu vc sng Thu bn Vu Gia

Gia cc x vi nhau

Gia cc ban qun l ngun nc vi ngi dn

Cc mu thun trong qun l lu vc sng Thu Bn Vu GiaGia nhng ngi s dng nc vi nhng ngi khng s dng nc

Gia cc h s dng nc

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Mu thun1. Gia cc x vi nhau

Nguyn nhn

Hu qu

Gii php- C k hoch phn phi nc hp l gia cc x. - Cc x u ngun khng nn ph rng ba bi.

- K hoch phn - nh hng n phi nc khng i sng, sn hp l gia cc xut gia cc x. x. - Cc x u - Din tch rng ngun khai thc gim, kh nng rng phng h. phng h km, gy l lt cho x cui ngun. - Tranh chp t - Gim thu nhp sn xut nng ca ngi dn lm nghip khi quy hoch h cha, p thy in

- Gim st vic s dng t nng lm nghip ca cc hp tc x. phai co c ch phi hp cht che gia cac c quan on th, da trn c s khoa hoc cng ngh va kinh nghim tin tin y manh xy dng. - C k hoch x nc hp l. V nn c mt y ban qun l thng nht lu vc sng. - Ngi dn cn tun theo nhng quy nh m ban qun l ra.

2. Gia cc ban qun l ngun nc vi ngi dn

- Ban qun l x - Ngi dn nc khng hp thiu nc vo l. ma kh; ngp ng, l lt vo ma ma.- Ngi dn

khng tun th quy nh m ban qun l a ra.

- Vic qun l gp kh khn.

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3. Gia cc h s - Cc h u dng nc. ngun x cc cht thi sinh hot xung sng. - Mt s h gia nh ln chim t b sng, trong khi mt s h ra sc bo v. -Tranh chp lng nc cho sn sut nng lm nghip khi hn hn. - Do nhn thc ca cc h khng tt nn ly nc ca nhau. 4. Gia nhng ngi s dng nc vi nhng ngi khng s dng nc. - Nhng ngi khng c nhu cu s dng nc nn h khng quan tm bo v ngun nc (x rc, thuc ha hc, phn bn ...)

- nh hng n i sng sinh hot, sc khe ca cc h cui ngun. - B sng st l, tin gn vi t sn xut.

- Cc h u ngun hn ch x rc xung sng. - Nng cao nhn thc cho cc h gia nh xung quanh sng.

- Lng nc phn b khng u, gy thit hi sn xut cho mt s h.

- iu ha, phn b ti nguyn nc, duy tr dng chy ti thiu trn sng. - Phn vng qun l c th cho tng vng c lu vc sng chy qua.

- Ngun nc b nhim, nh hng n cc h s dng nc.

- Tuyn truyn lut php bo v mi trng. Nng cao nhn thc cho nhng ngi khng s dng nc, bit bo v ngun nc d mnh khng s dng.

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