(Photo 2011 by Virginia Lawrence-Hope)

Ludlow House (244 Spring Garden Street)

Fourteen room,1 2½ story white brick house built in “Federal” architectural style,2 with dormer, front stoop, and “ghost arch” entry3 that may have once been a baker’s alley shared with the house next door (now replaced by the Attached to red brick entry portal from bank parking lot at 51 N. 3rd Street.4

According to recent owners’ understandings, the rear portion was built in 1790 and originally used as a stable, while the front portion was built in the 1840s.5 The two portions were later attached. The property includes a brick outhouse and partial stable.6

At some point (probably in the 1780s), this property was leased for life to Dorothy Lichfield by the Penn Family’s agents.7 In 1792, Easton town father Samuel Sitgreaves formally purchased from the Penn Family all the property along the southern side of Spring Garden Street between Second and Third Streets (where the Ludlow House is now located).8 Sitgreaves’s first Easton mansion (called “Spring Garden”) was located across the street at the NE corner of Third and Spring Garden Streets.9 Sitgreaves was a

1 Doris W. Whitehead, “Old Easton Town House Meets Its Masters”, EASTON EXPRESS, Thurs., 13 Dec. 1975, p.27.

2 City of Easton, Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form, Attachment: Building Description Survey Area 1 Zone E (City Council Resolution approved 12 May 1982).

3 The term “ghost arch” was used in the caption to the artistic rendition in Timothy George Hare, Easton Inkscapes No.90 (Easton: Inkwell Publications 1989).

4 Sandborn Map Company, Easton, Map No.1 (1957) and Easton, Map No.6 (1919) both show properties at 248 and 244 Spring Garden St. It appears from the maps that the 248 address is now the archway over the parking lot exit from the PNC Bank at 61 North Third Street. Compare with Northampton County Tax Records map, www.ncpub.org.

lawyer; a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania; and from 1798 a US Commissioner to Great Britain regarding British claims under the Jay Treaty. In addition, he was the first President of The Easton Bank, a leader of the campaign to build the Delaware River Bridge in 1806,10 and made crucial donations to found Easton’s Library11 and the Easton Trinity Episcopal Church on Spring Garden Street.12

Sitgreaves moved to a new mansion (called “Sitgreaves’ Folly”) on Northampton Street in 1817, and died there in 1827.13 Four years later, his estate sold the property at the SE corner of Third and Spring Garden Streets to John A. Probst.14 Rev. Probst was an “eminent Lutheran pastor”,15 who commuted from Easton to his church in Forks

10 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, “Samuel Sitgreaves”, searchable from bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp (accessed 3 Jan. 2005); David B. Stillman, Easton in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, Paper presented to the Northampton County Historical Society 17 Jan. 1946, Historical Bulletin of the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, No. 3 (Sept. 1947) (avail. Marx Room, Easton Public Library), at 3, 6-7; Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 148-49 (George W. West 1885); Ethan Allen Weaver, “The Forks of the Delaware” Illustrated xxi, xxvi (Eschenbach Press, Easton, PA, 1900); Papers Read Before the Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, The Old County Courthouse and other Northampton County History 18 (1964).

11 See Easton Area Public Library Website, www.eastonpl.org/, “Our History” (accessed 3 Jan. 2005); Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, for Pennsylvania Art Education Association Conference 2000, www.kutztown.edu/paea/paeaconf/2000/easton/walk_tour.html (accessed 4 Jan. 2005).

12 Warner, Easton Walking Tour, supra; Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 152 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). For further biography of Samuel Sitgreaves, see separate www.WalkingEaston.com entries for 109 North Third Street and

5 See Doris W. Whitehead, “Old Easton townhouse Meets Its Masters”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 13 Dec. 1975, p.27 (rear portion bused as a stable; front portion built in 1840); Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, for Pennsylvania Art Education Association Conference 2000, http://www.kutztown.edu/paea/paeaconf/2000/easton/walk_tour.html (accessed 4 Jan. 2005)(front portion built in approximately 1845); Email, Melissa Rabinsky (co-owner) to Richard F. Hope, 23 July 2007; City of Easton, Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form, Attachment: Building Description Survey Area 1 Zone E (City Council Resolution approved 12 May 1982)(built c.1840).

6 Email, Melissa Rabinsky (co-owner) to Richard F. Hope, 23 July 2007. 7 Notation on Lot No.60, Charles de Krafft, Map of Easton Original Town Lots (from the

collection of Luigi “Lou” Ferone (“Mr. Easton”) auctioned 27 Feb. 2010, said to have been used by the Penn clerks for notations to keep track of the town lots c.1779-1801).

8 Deed, Penn Family to Samuel Sitgreaves, A2 277 (19 Dec. 1792)(Lot No.60); see A.D. Chidsey, Jr., The Penn Patents in the Forks of the Delaware Plan of Easton, Map 2 (Vol. II of Publications of the Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1937)(original town Lot Nos.59, 60, 61 and 62).

See generally Deed, Penn Family to Samuel Sitgreaves, G2 516 (15 Dec. 1802)(Lot No.61); Deed, Penn Family to Samuel Sitgreaves, A3 263 (14 Mar. 1805)(Lot No.62).

9 Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, Paper read before the Northampton County Historical Society on 25 Oct. 1930, at 16 (Northampton County Historical and Genealogical Society 1931); see F.S. Bixler, “’Hon. Samuel Sitgreaves’, An Illustrious Citizen of Northampton County”, Speech read at meeting of Northampton County Historical & Genealogical Society, 18 Feb. 1922, at unnumbered p.4 (built

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Township (the Salem Church) for many years.16 Rev. Probst died in 1844, at age 52.17 His widow, Catherine, continued to live in the property after his death,18 with their children Emeline (Emelius) F. Probst and Cecelia (Probst) Illick, and Cecelia’s daughter Mary Catherine Illick.19 During the Probst years, the front portion of the Ludlow house was built.20 Cecelia (Probst) Illick’s husband, Jacob Brodt Illick, was originally executor of Rev. John Probst’s will. However, he resigned as executor in 1848,21 and left for California as a “49er” during the Gold Rush in 1849,22 leaving his wife and new daughter, Mary Catherine Illick (born 1849)23 in Easton. He died in California, as a rancher, in approximately 1880.24

1792-94). See also Frank Whelan, “Easton’s Forgotten Founding Father”, MORNING CALL, Monday, 5 Aug. 1991, p.D1 (age 22 when he came to Easton in 1786). See generally separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 109 North Third Street.

13 Floyd S. Bixler, The History with Reminiscences of the Early Taverns and Inns of Easton, supra; F.S. Bixler, “Hon. Samuel Sitgreaves”, supra.

14 Deed, James Linton, Executor of the Will of Samuel Sitgreaves, to John A. Probst, G5 200 (7 Jan. 1831).

15 Henry F. Marx, III Marriages and Deaths Northampton County Newspaper Extracts 1799 – 1851 1250 (Easton Area Public Library 1929)(from the Harrisburg DEMOCRATIC UNION, Sat., 30 Mar. 1844 – Probst died “Friday last”).

16 See Obituary, “Mrs. Catherine Probst”, THE DAILY FREE PRESS, Thusday, 20 Aug. 1885, p.3 (“built at the corner of what is now Third and Spring Garden street”).

17 Henry F. Marx, III Marriages and Deaths Northampton County Newspaper Extracts 1799 – 1851 1250 (Easton Area Public Library 1929)(from the Harrisburg DEMOCRATIC UNION, Sat., 30 Mar. 1844 – Probst died “Friday last”).

18 See Obituary, “Mrs. Catherine Probst”, THE DAILY FREE PRESS, Thusday, 20 Aug. 1885, p.3 (“built at the corner of what is now Third and Spring Garden street”); Jeremiah H. Lant, The Northampton County Directory for 1873 105 (1873)(alphabetical listing for Mrs. Catherine Probst); D.G. Beers, Atlas of Northampton County Pennsylvania, Plan of Easton (A. Pomeroy & Co. 1874)(Mrs. Probst).

19 1880 Census, Series T9, Roll 1161, p.383B (Catherine Probst at 67 North Third Street with son “Emelious” F. Probst, daughter “Sacielia Elick”, and granddaughter “Mary C. Elick”).

20 Either in 1840, or in approximately 1845. See Doris W. Whitehead, “Old Easton townhouse Meets Its Masters”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 13 Dec. 1975, p.27 (rear portion bused as a stable; front portion built in 1840); Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, for Pennsylvania Art Education Association Conference 2000, http://www.kutztown.edu/paea/paeaconf/2000/easton/walk_tour.html (accessed 4 Jan. 2005)(front portion built in approximately 1845).

21 See Recitals in Deed, Emelius F. Probst, Administrator of Estate of John A. Probst to Samuel Hess A8 180 (2 Apr. 1849)(Jacob B. Illick had been Executor but resigned on 3 Feb. 1949, and Emelius Probst took over as Administrator). This property – apparently the southern portion of the corner lot – was sold to pay the debts of the estate.

According to the 1880 Census, Series T9, Roll 1161, p.383B, “Emelious” Probst was 59 in 1880, which means he was only 27 at the time he took over his father’s estate from Mr. Illick. [See below – according to later age quotations, Emelius Probst may have been a few years older at the time.]

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Before he left for California, Jacob Illick sold off the eastern portion of the Probst property to Horace E. Wolf in 1845. At that time, there was a building on the property,25 which some authorities apparently identify as the older rear portion of the modern building, which had been built in 1790 and used as a stable.26 These experts also identify the newer (front) portion of the building as being built in 1845, suggesting that Mr. Wolf built that front portion shortly after he acquired the property.27

After Horace Wolf’s death, his widow and son sold the property in 1866 for $3,200 to Rev. John L. Grant,28 a Presbyterian clergyman.29 Although Easton records of Rev. Grant are scarce, he did deliver a speech in the summer of 1861 (at the beginning of the Civil War) “in happy humor, patriotism and eloquence” that “held the close attention of the large and enthusiastic crowd.”30 His wife, Euphemia died in 1868,31 and the Reverend had moved to Camden N.J. by 1870.32 He sold his Spring Garden Street property in 1871 for $5,500, in a deed that for the first time specifically identifies a “Brick Dwelling House” on the property.33 This increase in property value and change in deed description may suggest that the newer, brick (front) portion of the house was in fact built by Rev. Grant. Two years later (in 1873), a further sale to George A. Schmucker brought $5,000,34 substantially confirming the higher property valuation. At that time, the property was apparently used as a rental. In 1874, when the modern street numbering scheme was inaugurated, this number was assigned to the residence of J.T. Baldwin.35 By 1880, it was the home of Attorney H.W. Scott.36

The home was purchased in 1882 by Dr. (Lt. Col.) Jacob Rapeljea Ludlow,37 “among the country’s best known surgeons”. During the Civil War he had achieved a national reputation for innovative amputation techniques and, among other things, had attended General Grant after the Siege of Vicksburg.38 He was born in New Jersey in 1825, the oldest of three sons of a Dutch Reformed clergyman. Both of his brothers also became doctors. Although only educated at a

22 William J. Heller, III History of Northampton County and The Grand Valley of the Lehigh Biographical Section 413-14 (The American Historical Society 1920).

23 Obituary, “Easton’s Oldest Resident Passed Century Mark”, EASTON EXPRESS, Monday, 5 Dec. 1949, p.22, col.2; Article, “Easton’s ‘Grand Old Lady’ Saw Lincoln’s Body As Girl”, MORNING FREE PRESS, Wednesday, 14 June 1942, pp.9, 11.

24 William J. Heller, III History of Northampton County and The Grand Valley of the Lehigh Biographical Section 413-14 (The American Historical Society 1920); see also 1880 Census, Series T9, Roll 1161, p.383B (showing “Mary C. Elick” in the residence and identifying her as Catherine Probst’s granddaughter).

25 Deed, Jacob B. Illick, Executor of the Will of John A. Probst, to Horace E. Wolf, E10 150 (28 Mar. 1845)(sale price $1605, includes a “Messuage or Tenement”); see also Doris W. Whitehead, “Old Easton townhouse Meets Its Masters”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 13 Dec. 1975, p.27.

26 Doris W. Whitehead, “Old Easton townhouse Meets Its Masters”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 13 Dec. 1975, p.27; see Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, for Pennsylvania Art Education Association Conference 2000, http://www.kutztown.edu/paea/paeaconf/2000/easton/walk_tour.html (accessed 4 Jan. 2005); see Email, Melissa Rabinsky (co-owner) to Richard F. Hope, 23 July 2007.

27 Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, for Pennsylvania Art Education Association Conference 2000, http://www.kutztown.edu/paea/paeaconf/2000/easton/walk_tour.html (accessed 4 Jan. 2005); see Email, Melissa Rabinsky (co-owner) to Richard F. Hope, 23 July 2007.

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country school and by practical study with local doctors, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1845 before he was 21 years old, and then practiced medicine in Neshanic, NJ for 5 years. In 1850, he moved to Easton.39 With the onset of the Civil War, he enlisted for three months in 1861 with the 1st Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers as an acting assistant surgeon, and became a contract surgeon with the army in the following year. In February 1863 he was commissioned as a surgeon with the U.S. Volunteers. “[H]is resection of the shoulder joint, an operation which made him famous during the civil war[,] was far ahead of the science of that time. His hip amputations were also made matters of record in medical history”. Assigned to the Siege of Vicksburg, he became medical inspector and then medical director for the XIII Army Corps under General Banks. He followed Banks to New Orleans, and as senior medical officer was in charge of General Grant when Grant fell from his horse and sprained his hip while visiting.40 He left the army in 1865, and resumed surgical practice at Knoxville, Tennessee for 14 years. He returned to Easton in 1879 to resume his medical practice there,41 becoming the first President of the Easton Medical Society.42 When he first returned to Easton, Dr. Ludlow lived at 206 Spring Garden Street,43 but he purchased the house at 244 Spring Garden Street in 188244 and promptly took up residence there.45 His medical interests also extended beyond the human species: he authored a text on “How to Care for Horses Without Shoes”,46 and another book entitled “Science in the Stables, or How a Horse Can Be Kept in Perfect Health” (1894).47 He retired from active medical practice in 1899, although he continued to consult until his death in 1904.48 He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, next to his daughter (see below).49

In 1896, Dr. Jacob Ludlow was joined in his Easton medical practice by his son, Dr. David H. Ludlow.50 Dr. David Ludlow had been born in Easton in 1857. He studied law and mathematics while his father was in Tennessee, graduated in 1875 and became an Assistant Professor of mathematics at the University of Tennessee. In 1879, he left to follow a legal career, joining the bar in Philadelphia in 1881 and practicing there until 1887. At that point, health reasons prompted him to move to Denver, Colorado, where he took up the study of medicine, doing post-graduate work at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore and in Philadelphia Polytechnic Institute. He then became a lecturer in physiology in Denver at Gross Medical College until 1896, when he returned to Easton to join his father’s medical practice.51 He had a special interest in ophthalmology, and invented an eyeglass guard in 1906. He also patented a perpetual calendar.52 While in Easton, he tested the water for the City of Easton daily, under the skylight of the greenhouse on the second floor greenhouse at the 244 Spring Garden Street address.53

David’s older brother Henry and older sister Clara, who had lived in Easton as young children prior to the Civil War,54 were also notable in their day.

Henry Hunt Ludlow (1854-1926) became an artillery officer, and authored a number of mathematical publications and tables during his career.55

Clara Southmayd Ludlow (1852-1924) began her career by graduating from the New England Conservatory of Music, but at age 45 changed careers to become a scientist. She became an expert on mosquitoes and the diseases they spread, ultimately obtaining a Ph.D., and served as anatomist and entomologist (later Chief Entomologist) at the Army Medical Museum until her death in 1924. She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, next to her father.56 She published 53 papers on mosquitoes and their taxonomy,57 and was the first non-physical scientist (and first female) member of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.58 Some of her early research was briefly (in early 1904) conducted in Easton.59

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Meanwhile, Dr. David Ludlow continued to practice medicine and live (with his family including two daughers, Henrietta and Sarah) in the house at 244 Spring Garden Street.60

Sarah later married John Holmes (1904-1962), a professor of English at Tufts University, poet, and friend of Robert Frost. They met in Easton when Dr. Holmes spent two years as an instructor at Lafayette College.61

Dr. David Ludlow’s died in 1945.62 One older Eastonian relates that when his body was laid out for his funeral at his residence, he was posed with a cocktail glass in his hand.63 His widow continued to live in the Ludlow House until she died in 1963. Among other things, she was a Regent of the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.).64

60 Email, Melissa Rabinsky to Richard F. Hope, 23 July 2007; see 1900 Census, Series T623, Roll 1447, p.63A (Jacob Ludlow, with Dr. David H. Ludlow, his son); 1910 Census, Series 624, Roll 1381, p.28B (Dr. David H. Ludlow); 1920 Census, Series T625, Roll 1609, p.96A (Dr. David Ludlow, with daughters Henrietta (age 18) and Sarah (age 15).

61 Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography, “John Holmes”, www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/johnholmes.html (accessed 23 July 2007).

62 Obituary, “Prominent Easton Physician Passes Away Suddenly at 87 – Was Eyeglass Inventor, Ophthalmologist and Lawyer”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 14 Apr. 1945, p.1, cols.2-3.

63 Telephone Interview with Jane S. Fleck (age 80+), former Spring Garden Street resident (now living on College Hill) (25 August 2015).

64 See Obituary, “Mrs. D.H. Ludlow Widow of Physician”, EASTON EXPRESS, Mon., 6 May 1963, p.26, col.1.

28 Deed, Sabina G. Wolf (Executor and widow of Horace D. Wolf) and George Wolf (son and heir of Horace D. Wolf), C11 606 (12 Jan. 1866)(sale price $3,200 for “messuage and tenement”); see also Deed of Release, John P. Wolf, et al., Brothers of Horace E. Wolf, to John L. Grant, C11 608 (entered 31 Mar. 1866)(brothers as residuary heirs approved sale of the property by Sabina and George).

29 Compare 1860 Census, Series M653, Roll 1147, p.295 (John L. Grant, clergyman, age 61, in Easton, Pa.) with 1870 Census, Series M593, Roll 856, p.402B (John L. Grant, Presbyterian clergy, age 70, in Camden, N.J.). Rev. Grant’s address in 1860 was 55 North 4th Street under the numbering scheme in effect at that time – which was a few years later the home of Rev. Cornelius H. Edgar, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church built next door. William H. Boyd, Boyd’s Directory of Reading, Easton, [Etc.] 122 (William H. Boyd 1860); see separate www.WalkingEaston.com entry for 355 Spring Garden Street, and sources cited therein.

30 Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 233 (George W. West 1885 / 1889). 31 Henry F. Marx (compiler), II Marriages and Deaths Northampton County 1852 – 1870

Newspaper Extracts 317 (Easton Area Public Library 1934)(Euphemia Grant, wife of Rev. John L. Grant, died 23 Nov. 1868); Record Book of Brainerd Presbyterian Church of Easton, Pennsylvania 33, 42 (copied in Easton Public Library May 1936)(Euphemia Grant, wife of Rev. John L. Grant, died 30 Nov. 1868).

32 1870 Census, Series M593, Roll 856, p.402B (John L. Grant, Presbyterian clergy, age 70, in Camden, N.J.).

33 Deed, Rev. John L. Grant to David B. Miller, A13 461 (1 Apr. 1871)(sale price $5,500 for “Brick Dwelling House”).

34 Deed, David B. (Rachel) Miller to George A. Schmucker, C14 209 (1 July 1873)(sale price $5,000 for “Brick Dwelling House”).

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In 1971, the house was purchased from the Ludlow Family by Dr. Dan Genthner. It was resold in 1975 to Bryant Matyger, who instituted extensive renovation work even though he felt that “somehow the house was putting obstacles in our way”.65

The house is currently owned (in 2011) by Robert Rabinsky,66 known locally for (among other things) his interest in history and his Civil War historical re-enacting.67 His wife, Melissa Yiaski Rabinsky, is also well known for portraying a variety of personalities in period dress, including Mary Todd Lincoln,68 Dolly Madison,69 and the Unsinkable Molly Brown.70

35 Article, “The New Numbers”, EASTON DAILY FREE PRESS, Friday, 5 Dec. 1873, p.3. 36 1880 Census, Series T9, Roll 1161, p.380C. 37 Deed, George (Delia) Schmucker to Jacob R. Ludlow, D17 358 (22 Dec. 1882)(sale

price $8,700). 38 Obituary, “Dr. Jacob Rapelye Ludlow”, EASTON SEMI-WEEKLY ARGUS, Fri., 12 Feb.

1904, p.2, col.5; accord, William H. Reise, Biography of Doctors of Northampton County, Pa. ll (typewritten, Easton Area Public Library date stamp 1 Sept. 1976); see Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, supra; see Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 291, 442a (George W. West 1889). The operation that “made him famous” during the War was his “resection of the shoulder joint”, and he was also known for hip joint amputations. Email, Melissa Yiaski-Rabinsky (owner, 244 Spring Garden St.) to Richard F. Hope, 20 July 2007.

39 Obituary, “Dr. Jacob Rapelye Ludlow”, EASTON SEMI-WEEKLY ARGUS, Fri., 12 Feb. 1904, p.2, col.5; see also 1860 Census, Series M653, Roll 1147, p.252.

40 Obituary, “Dr. Jacob Rapelye Ludlow”, EASTON SEMI-WEEKLY ARGUS, Fri., 12 Feb. 1904, p.2, col.5; see Rev. Uzal W. Condit, The History of Easton, Penn’a 291 (George W. West 1885 / 1889)(treated General Grant’s “contusion of the hip”).

41 Obituary, “Dr. Jacob Rapelye Ludlow”, EASTON SEMI-WEEKLY ARGUS, Fri., 12 Feb. 1904, p.2, col.5; but see J.B. Kitzmiller and R.A. Ward, “Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow”, MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS, vol.19 no.3, pp.251-58 (1987), available at www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS19N03P251.PDF (accessed 23 July 2007)(returned to Easton by 1870, and only stayed in Knowville “for a short period after the war”). Of the two accounts, the 1879 date is almost certainly correct, because Dr. Jacob R. Ludlow, physician, appears in the Directory of Knowville and Suburbs 1876-7 69 (Knoxville: Haddich & Seymour May 1876).

42 Obituary, “Dr. Jacob Rapelye Ludlow”, EASTON SEMI-WEEKLY ARGUS, Fri., 12 Feb. 1904, p.2, col.5.

43 J.H. Lant & Son, Easton [Etc.] Directory 1881-2 78 (1881)(alphabetical listing for Dr. J.R. Ludlow).

44 Deed, George (Delia) Schmucker to Jacob R. Ludlow, D17 358 (22 Dec. 1882). 45 See J.H. Lant, Easton [Etc.] Directory for 1883-4 91 (J.H. Lant 1883). 46 Dr. Elinor Warner, Easton, Pennsylvania Walking Tour, supra. 47 See J.B. Kitzmiller and R.A. Ward, “Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow”,

MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS, vol.19 no.3, pp.251-58 (1987), available at www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS19N03P251.PDF (accessed 23 July 2007).

48 Obituary, “Dr. Jacob Rapelye Ludlow”, EASTON SEMI-WEEKLY ARGUS, Fri., 12 Feb. 1904, p.2, col.5(“practically given up his active practice” for five years).

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49 Terry L. Carpenter, “Notes on the Life of Dr. Clara Southmayd Ludlow, Ph.D., Medical Entomologist (1852-1924)”, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, vol. 107 no.3, pp.657-62 , www.afpmb.org/bulletin/vol25/178597.pdf.

50 Obituary, “Prominent Easton Physician Passes Away Suddenly at 87 – Was Eyeglass Inventor, Ophthalmologist and Lawyer”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 14 Apr. 1945, p.1, cols.2-3; see 1900 Census, Series T623, Roll 1447, p.63A (shows both Jacob Ludlow and his son, Dr. David H. Ludlow, at the 244 Spring Garden Street address).

51 Obituary, “Prominent Easton Physician Passes Away Suddenly at 87 – Was Eyeglass Inventor, Ophthalmologist and Lawyer”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 14 Apr. 1945, p.1, cols.2-3; see J.B. Kitzmiller and R.A. Ward, “Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow”, MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS, vol.19 no.3, pp.251-58 (1987), available at www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS19N03P251.PDF (accessed 23 July 2007).

52 Obituary, “Prominent Easton Physician Passes Away Suddenly at 87 – Was Eyeglass Inventor, Ophthalmologist and Lawyer”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 14 Apr. 1945, p.1, cols.2-3.

53 Email, Melissa Yiaski-Rabinsky (owner, 244 Spring Garden St.) to Richard F. Hope, 20 July 2007.

54 1860 Census, Series M653, Roll 1147, p.252. A younger brother, William, also lived with the family at the time.

55 United States Military Academy, “Henry Hunt Ludlow, 1854-1926”, www.dean.usma.edu/departments/math/people/rickey/dms/02598-Ludlow.htm (accessed 23 July 2007); accord, Email, Melissa Yiaski-Rabinsky (owner, 244 Spring Garden St.) to Richard F. Hope, 20 July 2007. These publications included:

Subscales, including Veriners (1882)Elements of Trigonometry (1888)Elements of Trigonometry with Logarithmic and Other Tables (1890)Logarithmic, Trigonometric & Other Mathematical Tables (J. Wiley & Sons 1890) Logarithmic & Trigonometric Tables to Four and a Half (1904)Geometric Construction of the Regular Decagon and Pentagon (1904)

56 Terry L. Carpenter, “Notes on the Life of Dr. Clara Southmayd Ludlow, Ph.D., Medical Entomologist (1852-1924)”, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, vol. 107 no.3, pp.657-62 , www.afpmb.org/bulletin/vol25/178597.pdf.; see Donald S. Burke, MD, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Centennial Celebration Address, www.astmh.org/about/address.pdf (3 Dec. 2003), at pp.6-7; J.B. Kitzmiller and R.A. Ward, “Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow”, MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS, vol.19 no.3, pp.251-58 (1987), available at www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS19N03P251.PDF (accessed 23 July 2007).

57 J.B. Kitzmiller and R.A. Ward, “Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow”, supra at 253 and listing of titles at 256-58; see Terry L. Carpenter, “Notes on the Life of Dr. Clara Southmayd Ludlow, Ph.D., Medical Entomologist (1852-1924)”, supra (published “extensively”).

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58 Donald S. Burke, MD, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Centennial Celebration Address, www.astmh.org/about/address.pdf (3 Dec. 2003), at pp.6-7.

59 See J.B. Kitzmiller and R.A. Ward, “Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow”, supra at 253 (in February 1904, after her return from the Philippines and California, she was in Easton sending out kits and receiving specimens; she was appointed to the Army Medical Museum in Washington in April of that year).

65 Doris W. Whitehead, “Old Easton townhouse Meets Its Masters”, EASTON EXPRESS, Sat., 13 Dec. 1975, p.27.

66 Northampton County Tax Records, www.ncpub.org. 67 Peter Hall, “When life is history and history is life”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Mon., 28 Feb.

2005, p.A-1; Jordan D. Hyman, “Civilians honor soldier’s legacy”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Mon., 15 Mon. 2000, p.B-1 (Robert Robinsky, Chairman of the Monument rededication committee, Civil War re-enactor with the 69th Pennsylvania Regiment); Article, “Society to celebrate history of monument”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Tues., 2 May 2000, p. B-3 (Robert Robinsky, Civil War re-enactor and Chair of Easton Monument Centennial Committee).

See also Kurt Bresswein, “City declares itself ready for Heritage Day”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Thurs., 4 July 2002, p.A-1 (Robert Robinsky “directed the re-enactors’ encampment and opening ceremonies on the Heritage Day Committee”); Kurt Bresswein, “Committee looking for a new patriot – Heritage Day organizers ax Chauncey Howell”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Wed., 18 Apr. 2001, p.A-1 (Robert Robinsky Chairman of Opening Ceremonies and Encampment Committee of Heritage Day Committee); Ryan Hess, “Easton event boomed – Heritage Day attracted 50,000”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Wed., 12 July 2000, p.B-3 (Robert Robinsky started running the encampment three years ago).

Robinsky is also known for his public opposition to continued annual use of the Peace Candle to cover Easton’s Monument in Centre Square. See Robert Rabinsky, “Stop covering monument”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Thurs., 24 Jan. 2008, p.A-6 (letter to the editor); Robert Rabinsky Letter to Editor, in “Black bear loses run-in with automobile Peace Candle an affront to Civil War veterans”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Tues., 11 Dec. 2007, p.A-4.

68 See, e.g., Article, “4-H center prepares for equine garage sale – Enjoy tea with Mary Todd Lincoln”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Sun., 13 Mar. 2011, p.B-3; Article, “Book signing at Waldenbooks – Brown bag lecture at Moravian”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Fri., 2 Apr. 2010, p.X-17; Article, “IceHouse hosts master juggler – Mary Todd Lincoln visits Lehigh Valley”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Fri., 17 Apr. 2009, p.D-3.

69 See Article, “4-H center prepares for equine garage sale – Enjoy tea with Mary Todd Lincoln”, EXPRESS-TIMES, Sun., 13 Mar. 2011, p.B-3.

70 See Article, “Craft, vendor fair benefits Relay for Life Student art show promotes hope, healing,” EXPRESS-TIMES, Sun., 27 Mar. 2011, p.B-1.

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