• Lubrication:– The process of reducing friction between

moving surfaces

Lubrication

•Friction:–Resistance created when one surface rubs on another–Slows movement of parts–Generates heat–Increases wear–Events: particles - expansion - seizure

Lubrication• Forms of lubricants

– Dry (powder)– Semi dry (grease)– Viscous (oil)

• Function of engine oil– Lubricate– Clean – Cool– Cushion– Seal

Lubrication

• SAE Society of Automotive Engineers

• ViscosityThe ability of liquid to resist flowing

• SAE Index / Viscosity Index– Listing of viscosities

• Examples of viscosities (weights)– 10w 20w 30w 40w 50w 60w 80-90w– 5w30 10w30 10w40 20w50

Lubrication• SAE Viscosity / Grade 5W30 and 30

Lubrication• SAE Viscosity / Grade 5W30 and 10W30

LUBRICATION• A.P.I.

– American Petroleum Institute– Service index

• List of ratings determining oil application (SJ)

• Service manual / oil application / climate• Oil additives improve oil performance

– Detergents– Anti-rust / Anti-corrosion– Oxidation inhibitors– Anti-foam– Dispersant

LUBRICATION• A.P.I. American Petroleum Institute

– Service index• List of ratings determining oil application (SJ)

LUBRICATION

• Types of lubricating systems– Four cycle systems reuse oil– Two cycle systems burn oil with fuel– Two and Four cycle systems oils CAN NOT

be interchanged

LUBRICATIONFour cycle lubricating systems

– Splash dipper

LUBRICATIONFour cycle lubricating systems

– Splash dipper

LUBRICATION• Four cycle lubricating systems

– Splash Paddle Wheel

LUBRICATIONFour cycle lubricating systems

– Barrel Pump

LUBRICATIONFour cycle lubricating systems

– Barrel Pump

LUBRICATION• Four cycle lubricating systems

– Positive displacement Pump

LUBRICATION• Four cycle lubricating systems

– Full flow system– Positive displacement Pump

LUBRICATION

• Two cycle lubricating systems (Total loss)– Premix gas and oil– Oil injection

LUBRICATION• Two cycle lubricating mixtures

– Mixture ratio - amount of gasoline to oil– Examples: 16:1 32:1 40:1 50:1

LUBRICATION• How oil gets

dirty.– Blow – by

gasses– Particles from

engine parts– Dirt from

checking oil levels

LUBRICATION• Changing

engine oil and filter– To reduce wear– Cars 3 mos. or

3000mi.– Small engines

30 – 50 hrs. or each season