Lubrication

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What is Friction

• Friction - resistance to movement between two objects

• amount of friction depends on the following, material, surface finish, amount of pressure holding the two together, how fast they move

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• friction generates heat

• dry friction - both parts clean and free of other materials

• wet friction - parts have another material placed between them such as oil

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What is Friction

Bearing construction

• friction - sliding friction - two smooth surfaces sliding against each other

• half speed bearing - turbos

• anti friction - rolling friction - uses balls or rollers or small needles between the moving parts

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Bearing construction

• ball roller needle

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4 Jobs of Oil

• Cleans - Cools - Seals -Lubricates -

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• Oil is pumped to the bearing and separates the parts. It allows the parts to turn without touching each other. When parts touch they will be destroyed.

• bearing clearance average about .002

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Bearing Clearance

How to lubricate a engine• engines lubricated three ways for a 4-stroke

engine

• Full pressure

• Splash

• Combination - splash and pressure- most common in automotive applications

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Full pressure

• bearings are oiled by pumping oil to the bearings, sometimes the oil is dripped on or is squirted on to parts

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Splash

• use of dippers on connecting rods to splash oil around (one cylinder engines) or dripping oil on the engine parts

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Combination

• both systems used- splash and pressure -

• other methodstwo cycles mix gas and oilcould be premix or a oil injection system

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Oil galleries and lines

• Oil gallery - oil supply line in engine

• oil is carried through the engine by these lines

• some rods are drilled full lengths some have squirt holes

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Oil filtersPHS

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Oil filters

• most common materialspaper and cotton waste

• canister - old style

• spin on

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Filtering Systems

• two types of filtering systems

• full flow, all oil is filtered before going to bearings, filter has relief valve in case of plugged filter

• bypass filter, part of oil is being filter at all times but not before it is going to the bearings

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Oil pumps

• gear, rotary, vane and plunger

• most common automotive engine

• gear and rotary

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Gear

• two gears mesh together forcing oil out

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Rotary

• inner rotor and outer rotor 4 points fit inside 5 points

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Vane

• used as pump in some automatic transmissions(this one, a vane pump out of a air wrench)

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Plunger

• used a lot in one cylinder engines

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Pick up tube and screenPHS

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Pressure Relief Valve

• when oil pump develops too much pressure the Pressure Relief valve will open and allows to return to sump by changing spring tension pressure can be raised or lowered

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Oil sludge• Black thick Goo

mixture of water oil dirt usually formed in engines never reaching operating temperature - thermostat taken out or to many short tripsformation of a white sludge - caused by, cold weather, short trips, too much water

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Varnish or lacquer• usually known as engine varnish is formed from

an engine running at hot temperature for extended periods - the heat causes the oil to break down and a varnish is created on valve covers and other parts to avoid varnish deposits use good clean oil and change regularly

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Light brown coatingis Varnish

Additives in oil

• detergent - prevent sludge and varnish deposits

• foam inhibitors - prevent oil from foamingoxidation inhibitors - prevent oil oxidation at high speed

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Additives in oil

• corrosion rust inhibitors - helps prevent these

• anti wear additives - coat metal surfaces with a strong slippery film moly graphite

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crankcase ventilation

• draft tube

• positive crankcase ventilation

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open - draft tube

• Older engines use a draft tube to vent the crankcase. It is just a vent with a filter in it. Uses a Breather cap to allow air in.

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PCV - positive crankcase

• open - breather cap

• closedgoes from air cleaner to valve cover

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wet and dry sump systemsPHS

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windage tray

• Bolt to bottom of engine prevent oil from foaming due to crankshaft rotation.

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Oil viscosity

• thickness or fluidity of the oil, oil's ability to resist flow

• classified as a number such as 10,20,30,40

• multi grade or multi viscosity 5w-30, 10w-30

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service ratingsgo through handout

• Go to this web site and read the classifications

• http://www.lubrizol.com/ReadyReference/6-OilClasses/Sclass.htm

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how often should oil be changed,filter?

• 1,000 - 7,500 average

• About every 3,000 - 4,000 miles recommended

• depends on length of operation, temperature of air and car. Condition of all filters - air, oil gas -, PCV valve, driving conditions, paved roads, and dust or dirt in the air.

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what kind of oil should I buy ???

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What kind of filter should I buy????

• Some companies spent a lot of money on advertising and very little on filters, some just build good filters. Your choose, cut some apart and look for yourself.

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The EndPHS

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