LTAD Long Term Athlete

Development Volleyball « Food for thought »

Charles H. CardinalMay 2007

PARTICIPANT DEVELOPMENT MODEL (Adapted from Istvan Balyi, 1997)

• Active Start (3-5)• FUNdamentals (6-8/9) • Learning to train (8/9-12); PHV, fem.• Training to train (12-16/17); PHV, males• Training to compete (17-21/23)• Training to win (18/19 +)• Active LifePHV: peak height velocity

Fundamentals (6-8/9)characteristics

• Games, relays, contests, circuit (stations)

• Activity adapted/age level• Have FUN, pleasure, enjoy playing/sport

+ other non related activities• Introduce global skills: “modified

activity”, “lead-up games” = learning • Competition: “Mini V.B.”• Develop ABC’s (agility; balance;

coordination; speed; etc.)

Learning to train (8/9-12) Objectives & training tasks (PHV

females)

• Introduce and Develop basic skills ***

• Acquiring elementary practical tactical knowledge *** team sports: formations and tactical combinations

• Introduce decision making / athletes *

• Further develop agility, balance, coordination, speed *

• Introduce strength training: (use own body weight) medecine ball, obstacle courses, games, etc.) aiming to optimize motor development *

• Introduce fundamental psychological qualities *

• Relative training importance: *** High; ** Imp.; * Moderate

Cessation of growthFin de la croissance

Slow decelerationLente décélération

Steady growthCroissance régulière

Rapid growthCroissance très rapide

Rapid decelerationDécélération rapide

Very Rapid GrowthCroissance très rapide

Very rapid decelerationDécélération plus rapide

Phases of Measurement

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

0

5

10

15

20

25

Phase1

Phase 3

Phase 2

Phase 4

Phase 5

Phase 6

CM

Age

Measuring and interpreting PHV

(How to PHV)

• Diurnal and seasonal variations• Age 9 or 10 = measure it every 3 month

(Malina) – Always in the morning after the rest day– Reliable measurements

• After the on-set of PHV measure it every week or every second week

• At every birthday mark the growth in cm, how many centimetre is the growth from last birthday

• Measure athlete standing, sitting down straight and, arm extended horizontally

Windows of optimal trainability: 5Ss

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Age

Gro

wth

(cm

/ ye

ar)

109876543210

AE / MAP*

Strength*

Speed

Suppleness Speed

Skills

Females

AE / MAP* Strength*

Speed

Suppleness

SpeedSkills

Males

Trainability • Based on chronological age:

– Skill– Speed– Suppleness

• Based on developmental age– Stamina– Strength

• Biological markers – onset of PHV – PHV – onset of menarche

Training to train (12-16/17) Objectives & training tasks (PHV males)

• Consolidate/stabilize basic skills ***

• Learning variants or new skills **

• Develop decision making / athletes ***

• Develop practical tactical knowledge related to volume of training, performance level and conditioning *** (attack, defense, transition)

• Introduce weight training: harmonious and complete GENERAL physical development **

• Develop fundamental psychological qualities *

• Introduce optimal psychological performance state *

• Introduce seasonal planning *

• Relative training importance: *** High; ** Imp.; * Moderate

• If you want to teach latin to Ariane, If you want to teach latin to Ariane, you have to know latin and you have you have to know latin and you have to know Arianeto know Ariane

• If you want to teach volleyball to If you want to teach volleyball to Ariane, you have to know volleyball Ariane, you have to know volleyball and you have to know Arianeand you have to know Ariane

• We know volleyball well BUT we do We know volleyball well BUT we do not know Ariane from age 8-9 to 16-not know Ariane from age 8-9 to 16-17 PERIOD!!!17 PERIOD!!!

Training to compete (17 -

21/23) (specialization) Objectives & Tasks• Refine repertoire of techniques : individualisation,

proficiency, variability, consistency ***

• Ind. Tact.: develop rapid read and react (decision making) + motor response variation / situation ***

• Team. Tact.: speed, cooperation, synchronization ***

• Off season: develop energy sources and muscular qualities considered foundations to the sport **

•Preparatory period: develop specific physical qualities related to the sport **

• Develop: Optimal psychological performance state ***

• Introduce Annual planning (integrating the 5 S’s) *

• Relative training importance: *** High; ** Imp.; * Moderate

• Prepare athletes for one or more peak performance(s)

• Combined and adapted methods to the GOAL pursued

• Integrate sport science experts

• Utilize double or multiple periodization (integrating the 10S’s)

• Monitor athlete’s response to training stimuli and induced fatigue

• Tapering procedures adapted to the athlete

• Learning to win mental attitude

Training to win: High Performance (18/19 +) Objectives & training tasks

10 S’s influencing performance

1. Skill (technical – tactical – decision making)

2. Speed3. Suppleness4. Stamina5. Strength6. Structure /

Stature7. Sychology8. Sustenance9. Schooling10.Socio-Cultural

1. Habiletés (techniques – tactiques/str. – décisions)

2. Vitesse3. Souplesse4. Enance5. Force 6. Mesures

anthropométriques

7. Psychologie8. Nutrition9. Études10.Aspect

socioculturel

TRAINING COMPONENTS/TASKS

techniques & tactics/strategy

• Basic skills• Variants Basic skills• Advance skills• Team Tactical practical know how

(System, Formations, Combinations)• Individual tactical practical know

how• Game plan

TRAINING EMPHASIS (focus)

• Proper execution (skill OR assignment) • Success rate (outcome of the action)• Decision making / athlete• Motor response variation/analogous

situations• Cooperation, timing, speed of execution

/ athletes• System of associative solutions• Self control, will power, concentration,

stress management, etc.

Sequencing Training objectives

• When do we introduce / acquire / learn / develop a training component or task: at what age and performance level ?

• When do we consolidate / stabilize: age and performance level ?

• When do we improve / refine / maintain: age and performance level

Training objectives: TE. & TA/Str. definition of terms

• Introduce: (acquire, learn) Present to the athletes a new element (skill OR tactical component) in stable and easy conditions. Global acquisition of the required task. Key emphasis: comprehension of what I have to do as an athlete + proper execution of the assignment Characteristics: sub-maximal speed Requirements: state of readiness + concentration

Training objectives: TE. & TA/Str. definition of terms

• Develop: To pursue the learning process in controlled conditions without opponents OR with the complicity of opponents Key emphasis: success rate (end result), objective: 7/10 Characteristics: block of repetitions of the assignment as determined by the coach. The drill is isolated from competition reality. Speed is (gradually)(gradually) Requirements : state of readiness, concentration + ball flight assessment

Training objectives: TE. & TA/Str. definition of terms

• Consolidate: to stabilize the element (TE. or TA/Str.) in controlled conditions by the coach, or semi-controlled conditions, or random conditions. This framework requires opponents opposition/confrontation.

• Key emphasis: decision making by the player / situation + high success rate

• Characteristics: optimal speed of execution• Requirements: light – moderate state of

fatigue / athletes.

Training objectives: TE. & TA/Str. definition of terms

• Refine/maintain techniques OR tactics/str. repertoire: to polish, improve the elements in controlled conditions or semi- controlled conditions or random conditions. Key emphasis: decision making/athlete as related to the situation or success rate (end result) or motor response variation / analogous situations. Characteristics: approximative or absolute competition / game like conditions linked with optimal speed of execution.

• Requirements: system of associative solutions (refers to competitive experience + memory), occasionally introduce a mental stress

TRAINING CONDITIONS

• CONTROLLED BY THE COACH: • Stable, predictable, foreseeable

environment• Without opponents OR with opponents

complicity• Block learning of the task / assignment• Techniques to be implemented OR

tactical/str. notions to be carried out are determined by the coach

• No decision making by the athlete• No options of motor response

TRAINING CONDITIONS

• SEMI-CONTROLLED• The operational framework (environment

OR sequence of play) is determined by the coach

• Variable problems to solve, requires different actions to be taken

• Involves decision making by the athlete (options / choices)

• Implies opponents opposition/confrontation• Block learning of the task / assignment• Speed of execution is raised gradually to

reach optimal speed

TRAINING CONDITIONS

• RANDOM:

• Variable, changeable, unpredictable environnement

• Part OR complete team VS opponents / rally• Techniques to be implemented OR tactical

notions to be carried out are determined by the athletes

• Absolute OR approximate game like conditions; confrontation by opponent(s)

• Optimal speed of execution

LEARNING BASIC SKILLSKey principles

• Player actively involved/activity• Vol. high number of reps, sub-max. intensity• Success rate: 70%• Player exposed to several successive demstr.

(create a mental image of what to do)• Player concentrates on one technical element

while executing the global skill• Limit to 4 or 5 key elements/learning stage• Learn Te. under the Tactics umbrella• Conditions: BLOCK of reps/same training task

CONSOLIDATING SKILLSKey principles

intensity:intensity: leading to competition leading to competition requirements requirements (speed, effort) (speed, effort)

• Introduce transition mvt. + other skill Introduce transition mvt. + other skill (basic skills sequence) (basic skills sequence)

• Introduce precision and consistency Introduce precision and consistency (result (result of the action) of the action) e.g.e.g. success ratesuccess rate

• Work in a light to moderate state of fatigue Work in a light to moderate state of fatigue (e.g.(e.g. competition) competition)

• Conditions controlled by the coach Conditions controlled by the coach (BLOCK (BLOCK of reps/same training task) of reps/same training task)

• V and AT/RT related to training effect V and AT/RT related to training effect soughtsought

DEVEL TACT. INTELLIGENCE Key principles

• Player seeks progressive autonomy on the court

• Player spends less effort to successfully complete the training task

• Gradual control over uncertainty rapid and relevant read + proper motor rapid and relevant read + proper motor

response/situationresponse/situation• Adequate problem solving/situation with Adequate problem solving/situation with

varied motor responsevaried motor response• Conditions: Conditions: controlled by the coach or controlled by the coach or

random situationrandom situation

INTEGRATE PLAYERS/SYSTEM

Key principles• Pratical knowledge related to the level of

play + conditioning of the athletes• Integrating player in the relational network• Develop a system of associative solutions

(relates to player’s MEMORY)• Establish match-ups with our opponents

(game plan) with individual assignments• Key emphasis: speed of execution,

synchronization, cooperation between players

• Conditions: controlled or random

Sport requirements: V.B.Bantam

15%

10%

40%5%

30%

motor conditioning

physical cond.

techniques

psychological qual.

tactics/ str.

Learning to train: Performance factors relative importance

Sport requirements: V.B.Midget

5%15%

40%10%

30%

motor conditioning

physical cond.

techniques

psychological qual.

tactics/ str.

Training to train 1: performance factors relative importance

Sport requirements: V.B.Juvenile

5%15%

30%10%

40%

motor conditioning

physical cond.

techniques

psychological qual.

tactics/ str.

Training to train 2: performance factors relative importance

Sport requirements: V.B.Junior

0% 20%

25%

10%

45%

motor conditioning

physical cond.

techniques

psychological qual.

tactics/ str.

Training to compete: performance factors relative importance

Sport requirements: V.B.University

0% 20%

20%

15%

45%

motor conditioning

physical cond.

techniques

psychological qual.

tactics/ str.

Training to win: performance factors relative importance

THANK YOU

Charles