Low carbon WtE solution for Aotearoa - WasteMINZ › wp-content › uploads › ... · Waste sector contributes 3.8 Mt CO2-e per year equivalent to 5% of NZ’s emission profile (2016)

1Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa

Low carbon WtE solution for Aotearoa

Dr. Marc R. Stammbach / MD HZI Australia

30th WasteMINZ Conference 20185-8 Nov 2018 Christchurch NZ


Circular Economy and WtE

WtE for Aotearoa

Cool Myths and Hot Truths

Summary



Circular Economy and WtE

Waste sector contributes 3.8 Mt CO2-e per year equivalent to 5% of NZ’s emission profile (2016)


Reference: Ministry for Environment: NZ’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2016, Snapshot April 2018, , www.mfe.govt.nz

http://www.mfe.govt.nz

And it matters because methane is a strong greenhouse gas


IPCC (2018): “….reduction of methane from the waste

sector to limit global warming to 1.5oC”

Ban untreated waste going to landfill

EfW closes the energy cycle -Material and energy recycling are complementary


EfW saves up to 2t CO2 per

treated t of waste.

CO2

Reduction

Reduction

EfW offsets CO2from power production.

MaterialRecyclingMaterial

Recycling

ThermalRecyclingThermal

RecyclingEfW eliminates

Methane emissionsfrom Landfill.

AUS & NZ 43%EU 40%CH 50%

AUS & NZ 0%EU 24%CH 49%

AUS & NZ 57%EU 36%CH 1%

Methaneemissions

Groundwaterleakage

Reality check for “100% PURE NEW ZEALAND”


Source: Eurostat 2016

Goal 2050 2030NZ today with 57%

landfillingNZ today with 57%

landfilling

“pure” is synonyms for: “clean, clear, fresh, crisp, refreshing, sparkling, unpolluted, untainted, unadulterated, uncontaminated”

Energy & Compostfrom biowaste withanaerobic digestion

Energy & Material from non recyclable waste with thermal treatment

We need at least three bins to achieve “zero waste to landfill”

8

RecyclingCompost & fertiliser

Direct RecyclingGlass, paper, metals

RecyclingMetals & minerals

Low Carbon WtE for Aotearoa

WtE for Aotearoa


Typical WtE plant achieves 96% landfill diversion

none-recyclable wasteadditives for flue gas cleaning

OUT

IN

energy - electricity and heatbottom ash for recyclingcleaned flue gasflue gas cleaning residues

combustion and energy recovery

flue gas treatment

energy utilization

waste reception and storage

10

11

Typical WtE Plant – one of 600 Hitachi Zosen ReferencesRockingham WtE Project in Perth, Western Australia

l Thermal treatment of 300,000 tpy residual waste from councils and industry – after source separation of recyclables and organics

l 96% landfill diversion – 4% flue gas treatment residues to landfilll Zero greenhouse gases from landfilll Energy-efficient design with an R1 factor of 0.79 (must be >0.65)l 29 MW base electricity production

Client SPV HZI/NEC/TRIBE

Key DatesFC/NTP March 2019Start-up approx 3 years after FC/NTP

TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy recovery 5-pass boiler, turbine generator setFlue gas treatment SNCR, dry system

Technical DataFuel Residual MSW and C&IWaste capacity 300,000t/aNet calorific value 7.5-13.0 MJ/kgThermal capacity 1 x 101.8 MW


EPC Technical Concept – Layout / 3D view


Bottom ash treatment process

Waste reception area

Administration and visitor centre

Weigh bridges

Turbine hall and ACC

Bottom ash storage/maturation areaCombustion line & boiler

Flue gas treatment

12

Tipping Hall under Negative Air Pressure at all Times


Waste reception area

Clean flue gas stack Bunker air stack (during revision)

Dry Scrubbing with Hydrated Limeand Activated Carbon

Principal:Neutralisation / absorption of HCl, SO2, Mercury and Dioxins with dry powdered adsorbent (hydrated lime and powdered activated carbon PAC)

Main Control Loops:Hydrated dosing according mainly to HCl(SO2) emissions

Fabric filter pulse-jet cleaning according to differential pressure

From Boiler

Residues

Rea

ctor

Fabric filterTo Stack

Recirculation

PAC Ca(OH)2

Dosing & milling

dP

SO2 HCl

14

Wet Scrubbing – A Proven Alternative

Principe and main control loopsNeutralisation / absorption of pollutants with water, caustic soda and (optional) activated carbon or coke

Control Loops:caustic soda dosing according to pHscrubber blow down according to concentration (measured as conductivity )(water flow to Ringjet stage according to differential pressure)feed of clear water according to level

From boiler

Blow down

Que

nch

To stack

PAC

NaOH

pH

C

Clean water

15

Where to with pollutants ?


Polluted combustible material is converted to H2O and CO2

Some residual pollutants (like NOx, VOC, CO) can be reduced / converted to non-hazardous substances (H2O, CO2, N2) …

… but most of them will be separated from the gas …

… neutralised and/or stabilised and then landfilled as residue or drained off as neutral salts …

… or recovered as waste product

Example: Cl (Chlorine)


Landfill

With or without “stabilisation”

Source: Organic matter, but mainly PVC (generating HCl); neutralisation in the FGT plant:

HCl + NaOHà NaCl + H2O

2 HCl + Ca(OH)2à CaCl2 + H2OUnderground Landfill

Backfilling old mines

Production of new

Salt (NaCl)

Draining off

Options for handling the reaction product

Quantity of Flue Gas Treatment Residues & Key Questions

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

dry FGT wet FGT

Res

idue

s(k

g/t w

aste

)

reaction product fly ash

Key Questions Yes No

Discharge of treated

waste with salty water

possible ?

Wet scrubbing in

favour

Dry scrubbing

Plume at the stack

acceptable ?

Wet or Dry Dry scrubbing

Residue disposal cost

high ?

Wet scrubbing &

residue treatment

Dry scrubbing


Both solutions fully provenAcceptance of discharge of salty water into ocean is key

Bottom Ash Maturation, Treatment and Aggregate Storage under Roof and Wind Shielded


Strategy for Bottom Ash AggregatesReplicate European experience in the local context

Comply with UK and European Standard

A safely useable product in building materials and aggregates in parallel with recycling of metals

Strategy for Bottom Ash aggregates replicates European experience in the local context

Products manufactured to a robust Quality Protocol

Low embodied energy demand during production

Supporting a sustainable futureLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa 20

… but also Material-from-Waste!

Metal Recovery• Precious metal• Ferrous• Aluminium

MfW

Not only Energy-from-Waste …

Energy Recovery• Power• Steam

• Heating• Cooling

PfW

CfW

HfW

SfW

Urban Mining of Ferrous, Non-Ferrous & Precious Metals

21

PREVENTION

PREPARE FOR RE-USE

RECYCLING

OTHER RECOVERY

DISPOSAL

«Waste hierarchy» beyond Energy from Waste:


Cool Myths and Hot Truths

Office block, warehouse, WtE or tourism?

23

WtE is safe with many plants located next to residentsLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa

Issy-les-Moulineaux – Paris, France


Energy Content of Selected Waste Streams

Waste stream Energy content (LHV)

Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg

Glass 0 MJ/kg

Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg

Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg

Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg

Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg

Plastics 27 MJ/kg

Tyres 36 MJ/kg


Energy Content and Weight-based Pricing

Waste stream Energy content (LHV) Weight-based Pricing

Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Glass 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Plastics 27 MJ/kg 200 $/t

Tyres 36 MJ/kg 200 $/t


Weight-based Pricing or Energy-based Pricing?

Waste stream Energy content (LHV) Weight-based Pricing Energy-based Pricing

Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg 200 $/t 200 $/t

Glass 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t 0 $/t

Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t 0 $/t

Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg 200 $/t 0 $/t

Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t 100 $/t

Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg 200 $/t 300 $/t

Plastics 27 MJ/kg 200 $/t 600 $/t

Tyres 36 MJ/kg 200 $/t 800 $/t

27

WtE Gate-FeeLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa

Facts and figures around the Circular Economy and WtE

Waste stream Energycontent (LHV)

Gate-fee composting &

recycling

Gate-fee WtE Comments

Residuals with 3 bins 9 MJ/kg plus $300/t 200 $/tWtE works

“cool” recycling is a myth: compost quality issues, 50% diversion, stranded

assets





recycling




assets

Glass 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE down-cycles to aggregate

Metals (loose & large 0 MJ/kg 0 $/t 0 $/t WtE frees metals

Metals (bound or small) 0 MJ/kg not possible 0 $/t Urban metal mining with WtE





recycling




assets




Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 50 to 100 $/t 100 $/t WtE destroys nutrients





recycling




assets




Food & green 4.5 MJ/kg 50 to 100 $/t 100 $/t WtE destroys nutrients

Paper & Cardboard 13.5 MJ/kg 0 $/t 300 $/t down-cyclingWtE okay for polluted paper

Plastics 27 MJ/kg 50 to 100 $/t 600 $/t down-cyclingWtE okay for polluted plastic

Tyres 36 MJ/kg 100 $/t 800 $/t down-cyclingWtE best as cement kiln

31

Circular economy and WtE are in environmental & economic harmonyLow Carbon WtE for Aotearoa


Summary


Ban all untreated waste going to landfill and set target for 2030 as 2050 is too late

Waste to Energy is environmentally sound and empowers the circular economy

“Cool Myths” cloud the “Hot Truths”

Circular economy and WtE are in environmental & economic harmony

Both WtE with dry or wet flue gas treatment are suited to Aotearoa



Waste is our Energy.Engineering is our Business.Sustainable Solutions are our Mission.

Check our References.

35

l Consortium IP13 (Suez consortium leader) awarded design, building and operations contractl Combined EfW and MBT plant for total waste treatment capacity of around 490,000 t/a of

municipal solid waste, replacing a thermal EfW plant from 1960 on the same sitel HZI responsible for grate and boilerl Combined heat and power export:

l max. electrical power: ca. 15 MWl max. district heat export: ca. 118 MW

Client SYCTOM

Start-up 2022

TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (water-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass horizontal boiler, external eco, turbineFlue gas treatment Dry (2 filter, bicarbonate) SCR

Technical DataFuel Mix of untreated and treated

municipal solid wasteWaste capacity 350,000 t/a (max. 2 x 24.64 t/h)Net calorific value 11.04 MJ/kgThermal capacity 2 x 75.55 MW

Ivry-sur-Seine, France

Architect: Jean-François CAPEILLE; AIA Architectes


Client TermoWtE

Start-up 2022

TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment Dry with SNCR

Technical DataFuel Municipal wasteWaste capacity 1,700,000 t/a

l EPC turnkey contract for complete plant incl. civil works l First EfW Plant in Latin America

The facility will convert approximately 1,700,000 tonnes of waste per year into baseload renewable energyNet electrical efficiency of 29% with a power output of more than 140 MW

Mexico City, Mexico


Client RT-Invest

Start-up 2022

TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy Recovery 4-pass vertical boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment SemiDry with SNCR

Technical DataFuel Municipal and industrial wasteWaste capacity 700,000 t/a (3 x 30 t/h)Net calorific value 7.5 – 12.5 MJ/kg

l EPC turnkey contract for complete plant incl. civil works l Pilot project for a total of five planned energy-from-waste plants in Moscow and Kazanl Plant contributes to Russia’s energy strategy according to which by 2020, 4.5% of

energy must be from renewable energy sources

Moscow, Russia


Client Dubai Municipality

Start-up 2021


Technical DataFuel Municipal and industrial wasteWaste capacity 1,500,000 t/a (4 x 46 t/h)Net calorific value 7 – 14 MJ/kg

l The largest Resource Recovery Facility worldwidel Build, Operate and Transfer project for 30 years Operation

Joint venture formed by Hitachi Zosen Inova (Switzerland) and BESIX (Belgium), a truly unique partnership, to implement a first class Energy from Waste plant for the Emirate of DubaiThe facility will convert approximately 1’500’000 tonnes of waste per year into baseload renewable energy, producing 137MW of electricity at full capacity

Dubai, UAE


Client Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM)

Start-up 2020


Technical DataFuel Municipal and industrial wasteWaste capacity 1,000,000 t/a in 3 linesThermal capacity 3 * 87 MW

l EPC turnkey contract for complete plant incl. civil works and O&M for one yearl Largest energy-from-waste plant for municipal solid waste in Europel With 1 Mio t/a largest turnkey project ever awarded in Europe l The project will be executed by a consortium of Hitachi Zosen Inova and its Turkish partner

Makyoll Besides electricity the plant provides economical value for the region: 20% of components will

be produced locally and construction work will be executed by local work forces only

Istanbul, Turkey


Ferrybridge 2, UK

l EPC turnkey contract for complete plantl Multi-fuel facility for RDF and waste woodl Fuel delivery by road and trainl The plant will be producing enough energy to power around 170,000 homesl High efficient process with direct driven turbine and flue gas recirculationl Built adjacent to the existing Ferrybridge C and Ferrybridge Multifuel 1 sites

Client Ferrybridge Mutlifuel Energy 2 Ltd

Start-up 2019

TechnologyFurnace Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy recovery 5-pass boiler, hangingFlue gas treatment SemiDry and Wet scrubber, with SNCR DeNOx

Technical DataFuel RDF and waste woodWaste capacity 2 x 35.5 t/h @ nominal

2 x 42.2 t/h @ max566,000 t/a

Net calorific value 12 MJ/kg at LPN (8.5 – 16.5 is the full range)Thermal capacity 2 x 117.7 MWSteam 2 x 145.1 t/h (73 bar, 430°C)


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Low carbon WtE solution for Aotearoa - WasteMINZ › wp-content › uploads › ... · Waste sector contributes 3.8 Mt CO2-e per year equivalent to 5% of NZ’s emission profile (2016)