Loss of hydrogen atoms

Glucose

Gain of hydrogen atoms

Energy

8.1.1 Comparison of Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation: often associated with the release of energy

Reduction: often associated with the gain of energy

8.1.1 Comparison of Oxidation and Reduction

Reduction and Oxidation Reaction: Electron carriers

• Electron carriers are substances that accept and give up electrons as required.

• They often link oxidations and reductions in cells.

• Main electron carrier is NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), it is a coenzyme

• It’s Reduced to NADH when it picks up two electrons and one hydrogen ion

NAD+ + 2 H NADH + H+

FAD + 2 H FADH2

Remember that 2H = 2 electrons and 2H+

Aerobic respiration process

Glucose (6C)

Glucose phosphate (6C)

Fructose bisphosphate (6C)

glicerate 3-phosphate (3C)

glicerate 3-phosphate (3C)

Pyruvate (3C) Pyruvate (3C)

ATP

ADP + Pi

ATP

ADP + Pi

2 ADP + Pi

2 ADP + Pi

2 ATP 2 ATP

NAD+

NADH + H +

NAD+

NADH + H +

8.1.2 Outline the process of Glycolysis

PHOSPORILATION

LYSIS

OXIDATION&

ATP FORMATION

8.1.3 Structure mitochondrion like in micrographs

8.1.4 Aerobic respiration: the link reaction

Acetyl Coenzyme A(2C)

Coenzyme A

Piruvate (3C)

Acetate (2C)

+

CO2

NAD+

NADH + H +

Piruvate (3C) enters the matrix of the mitochondria from the cytoplasm

Piruvate + CoA +NAD+ acetyl-CoA + CO2 +NADH + H+

8.1.4 Aerobic respiration: Krebs Cycle

1. Acetyl Co-A combines with a 4-

carbon compound (oxalacetate)

to form a six-carbon compound

(citrate)

2. A series of reactions take place

where the citrate (6C) is both

decarboxylated and

dehydrogenated

3. The most important role of the

Krebs cycle is to provide

hydrogen that can be used in

the electron transport chain to

provide energy for the

formation of ATP.

8.1.4 Aerobic respiration: The electron transport chain

The final stage occurs in the inner membranes of mitochondria. This stage has two parts: an electron transport chain and ATP production by ATP synthase

8.1.5 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative phosphorilation

Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis

8.1.5 Oxidative phosphorilation & Chemiosmotic theory

8.1.6 Relationship between structure of mitochondrion and its function

1. Cristae: Large Surface Area for the Electron Transport Chain

2. Intermembrane Space: Accumulation of protons

3. Matrix: containing enzymes for the Krebs Cycle

Overview Aerobic Cell Respiration

ATP balance