Loren Goldner - Spanish Revolution and Anarchism

8/14/2019 Loren Goldner - Spanish Revolution and Anarchism

1/31

!"# %&'()*" +#,-./0)-(1 2'*0 '(3 4/0/5#6

75'(3#/5 '(3 2-,#508 -9 :('5;")*-? 0"# @-5A)(B C.'** !'A#* D,#5 E-5 F-#*(G0H1 !"#( '(3 I-?

"#$%& '#()&%$

*+,+-. /012

J(05-3/;0)-(6 @"8 0"# %&'()*" +#,-./0)-( !-3'8K

345&5$678-9 5&) $%:#(+.8#&5$; -;&)865(8-9 8& ,%&%$5( (56$#?(%9- #= >#(8.865( #$8%&.5.8#&@ A8.7#+. A7867 .7% 9#-. >#A%$=+( 5&) 9#-. 7%$#86$%:#(+.8#&5$; -+$,% 8- 6#&)%9&%) .# =58(+$%BC D%(9+. EF)8,%$@ *GH@ !"#$%& ()*+*(&

#&,)- .$ )-/&.0(*&" -#1$2&.$I1JK0L1

M#$ 95&; ;%5$-@ G 75) 7%() .7% 6(5--865( (%=. 5&.8NO.5(8&8-. :8%A .75. 5=.%$ .7% 3%:%&.-C

#= P5; 1J2Q 8& R5$6%(#&5NN .7% 6$+-78&,#= .7% (%=.N6%&.$8-. STUP /5&) .7% =+$.7%$95$,8&5(8V5.8#& #= .7% 5&5$678-.- ?; .7% O.5(8&8-.- 5&) ?; =#$6%- 8& .7% -A5; #= .7%O.5(8&8-.-NN.7% $%:#(+.8#& ?%,+& 8& W+(; 1J2X A5- %--%&.85((; #:%$B P; $%=%$%&6%-

A%$% 6(5--86 A#$+?(865&- 5&) ]5.5(5& &5.8#&5(8-.-@

5&) =8&5((; 6#9>(%.%) ?; .7% =5-68-.-@ A5- 5 A#$< 8& >$#,$%-- $8,7. +> +&.8( M$5&6#Y-=8&5( :86.#$;B

H7% O>5&8-7 E%:#(+.8#& A5-@ 8& (8,7. #= .78- 78-.#$;@ .7% $867%-. 5&) )%%>%-. -#685(

$%:#(+.8#& #= .7% /0.76%&.+$;B G A5- $5.7%$ -.5$.(%) .# =8&) "%#& H$#.-


2/31

/

3M$#9 .7% =8$-. )5; #= .7% $%:#(+.8#&@ .75&%68=86 A%8,7. 8& .7% %6# #=

.75. 6#+&.$;@ 5&) .# 8.- >#(8.865( 5&) 6+(.+$5( (%:%(@ I.7% O>5&8-7 >$#(%.5$85.L 75-?%%&@ . ?%(#A@ ?+. 5?#:% .7% (%:%( #= .7% E+--85& >$#(%.5$85. 5. .7% ?%,8&&8&, #=

1J1QBCKc%->8.% 5(( .7% =56.#$- I8&.%$&5.8#&5(@ >#(8.865(@ 98(8.5$;L A#$5&8-7 A#$5$.- #= .7% >%5-5&.$; 8& .7% E%>+?(865&

V#&%- 5$$8:%) 5. .7% 6(#-%-. 5>>$#Z895.8#& #= 5 -%(=N95&5,%) -#68%.;@ -+-.58&%) 8&)8==%$%&. =#$9- #:%$ .A# 5&) 5 75(= ;%5$-@ %:%$ 5678%:%) 8& 78-.#$;B ]5.5(#&85 8& 1J2XA5- 9#$% ?$#5)(; 8&)+-.$85( .75& E+--85 8& 1J1Q@ 5&) .7% ]5.5(5&@ *$5,#&%-% 5&)

"%:5&.8&% >%5-5&.- A7# =#$9%) 6#((%6.8:%- 8& 1J2X 9#-.(; -+>>#$.%) .7% $%:#(+.8#&

A7#(%7%5$.%)(;@ 8& 6#&.$5-. .# .7% ,$+),8&, -+>>#$. #= .7% E+--85& >%5-5&.- =#$ .7%R#(-7%:8%$8%&6% 5&) 8.- 89>(865.8#&- 75:% . ?%%& =+((; 5?-#$?%) ?; .7%

6#&.%9>#$5$; $%:#(+.8#&5$; (%=.B ]+$$%&.- )%-6$8?8&, .7%9-%(:%- 5- 5&5$678-. 5&)

5&5$67#N-;&)865(8-. 75:% %9%$,%) 8& >5$.- #= ^+$#>% 5&) .7% U&8.%) O.5.%- 8& .7%>5-. =%A )%65)%-@ A78(% 75$)(; A8.7 .7% &+9?%$- 5&) )%>.7 #= .7% 378-.#$865(C

O>5&8-7 5&5$678-.- 5&) 5&5$67#N -;&)865(8-.- =$#9 1aXa .# 1J2J@ $ 5?#:% 5(( A8.7.7% -59% A#$#>+(5$ $##.%)&%--B M#$ 95&; #= .7%9@ 3O>58&C 8- 5&78-.#$865( $%=%$%&6% I9#$% #=.%& -;9?#(86 .75& -%$8#+-(; -.+)8%) 5&) 5?-#$?%)L 8&

.7% A5; .75. 3E+--85C 75- ?%%& -+67 5 $%=%$%&6% =#$ 95&; P5$Z8-.-B O>58& A5- .7%-+>$%9% 78-.#$865( .%-. =#$ 5&5$678-9@ A7867 8. =58(%)@ 8& .7% -59% A5; .75. E+--85

A5-@ .# )5.%@ .7% -+>$%9% .%-. #=@ 5. (%5-.@ "%&8&8-9@ 8= . #= P5$Z8-9 8.-%(=B

R+. )%5(8&, 6$8.865((; A8.7 6#&.%9>#$5$; 5&5$678-9 8- 75$)(; 9; 958& 6#&6%$&d@

Ke+#.%) =$#9 H$#.-58& 8& GB G,(%-85-@ GH&" 7)&+#I* % !#1$2$ JBCDKF

BCDCL? I1JQQL '$5&)8V# P+&8-@ )+$8&, .7% A5$ 5 9%9?%$ #= .7% :%$; -95((

IH$#.->B /J1N/J/BdH558& A5- .7% #&(; 6#+&.$; A7%$%

5&5$678-9 95)% 5 $%:#(+.8#&@ 5&) A5- 6#&=$#&.%) A8.7 .7% >$#?(%9 #= -.5.% >#A%$#:%$ 5 / g ;%5$ >%$8#)B *- .7% $%5)%$ A8(( -%%@ .7% =#((#A8&, .%Z. 8- 5&;.78&, ?+.+&-;9>5.7%.86 .# .7% O>5&8-7 5&5$678-. 9#:%9%&.B R+. .# A$8.% 5 ?##< #= 2Kd >5,%-

8& A7867 O>58& ,%.- #&(; 5 =%A >5,%- 7%$% 5&) .7%$%@ 5&) 8& A7867 >$%#66+>5.8#&

A8.7 8.- =58(+$%- 8- $%=%$$%) .# 5- 3O>5&8-7 %Z6%>.8#&5(8-9C 8-@ .# >+. 8. 98()(;@ 5 (#&,%Z%$68-% 8& 675&,8&, .7% -+?\%6.@ -#9%.78&, .5&.59#+&. .# 5 78-.#$; #= P5$Z8-.

9#:%9%&.- A7867 A#+() -65&. .7% E+--85& E%:#(+.8#& 5- 3E+--85& %Z6%>.8#&5(8-9BCH7% %:5-8#& 8& .7% O6798..h:5& )%$ [5(. :8%A 8- +&)%$-6#$%) ?; #&% #= .7% ?%-.


3/31

2

%Z6%>. ?; $86#67%. =$#9 .7% =58(+$%- #= 5&5$678-9 8& O>58&B H7% $%5( (%--#&- =#$ .#)5;

#= .7% O>5&8-7 E%:#(+.8#& #= 1J2XN2J 5$% 5. (%5-. .A#=#()_ =8$-.@ .7% 6#&6$%.%.58%&.(; 9#)%$& 8&)+-.$85( $%,8#&@ ]5.5(#&85@ ?; A#$.%)@ 8& :%$; )8==86+(. 68$6+9-.5&6%- 5&) +&)%$ 5..56< =$#95(( -8)%-@ .# 9#:% =$#9 .7% 8&8.85(@ ->#&.5&%#+- (#65( (%:%( .# $%,8#&5( 5&) &5.8#&5(

6##$)8&5.8#&@ 5&) 5 -89+(.5&%#+- .5%5-5&. 6#((%6.8:%- A8.7-898(5$ 5..%9>.- 5. 6##$)8&5.8#& ?%;#&) .7% (#65(B O%6#&)@ 5&) 6(#-%(; $%(5.%) .# .7%=8$-.@ .7% >#(8.865( )89%&-8#& #= .7% 398(8.5$; i+%-.8#&C@ .7% )%=%&-% 5&) %Z.%&-8#& #=

.7% $%:#(+.8#& 5,58&-. )#9%-.86 5&) 8&.%$&5.8#&5( 6#+&.%$N$%:#(+.8#&B H7%

$%:#(+.8#& A5- (#-. ?#.7 8& .7% ,$5)+5( )%-.$+6.8#& #= .7% A#$%5-5&.6#((%6.8:%- 5&) 8& .7% $%>(56%9%&. #= .7% 8&8.85( 5$9%) 98(8.85- 5&) +$?5& >5.$#(- ?;

5 .$5)8.8#&5( 5$9; 5&) >#(86% =#$6%-B O#9% 5&5$678-. (%5)%$- A%$% 8&:#(:%) 8& ?#.7>$#6%--%-@ 5&) .7% %98&%&.(; 3>$5,95.86C $%5-#&- =#$ .78- A8(( ?% #&% =#6+- #= 9;

-.+);B M+$.7%$@ (%=.NA8&, 98(8.5$; .7%#$8-.- -+67 5- .7% 35&5$67#NP5$Z8-.C *?$5759

'+8((j&X75:% -7#A& 7#A >#(8.86- A5- 5- 9+67 8= . 9#$% 89>#$.5&. .75& =8$%>#A%$5&) -7%%$ &+9?%$- 8& )%.%$98&8&, .7% #+.6#9% #= )8==%$%&. ?5..(%- #= .7% ]8:8( [5$B

M8&5((;@ G 59 . A$8.8&, 5?#+. O>5&8-7 5&5$678-9 =#$ 78-.#$865( %)8=865.8#& #$ =$#9-#9% 5&.8i+5$85& 89>+(-%@ ?+. $5.7%$ .# >#-% .7% i+%-.8#&@ $58-%) ?; *?5) )%

O5&.8((5&Q5&) ,%&%$5((; 8,$%) ?; 9#-. #= .7% 6#&.%9>#$5$; $5)865( (%=.@ #= 7#A .#>$%>5$% .#)5;@ >$#,$5995.865((; 5&) >$56.865((;@ =#$ 5 .58.5(8-. %6# A7%$%@ 8& 6#&.$5-. .# O>58& 8& 1J2X@ -7+..8&, )#A& 5 (5$,% -A5.7

#= -#685((; +-%(%-- 5&) -#685((; Z8#+- 56.8:8.; A8(( ?% 5 .#> >$8#$8.; =$#9 )5; #&%B

$%6%&. -+$:%;-k#&% 59#&, 95&;NN #= 5&5$678-. .7%#$;@ >$56.86% 5&) 78-.#$;@ ?; 5&

5&5$67#N-;&)865(8-. 98(8.5&. %Z8(%) 8& P%Z86#@ RB ]5 E+8V U0- -# -. $"$)(8*#4&VP%Z86# ]8.; I1JadL_ 3G. 8- #?:8#+- .75. 8& #.7%$ 6#+&.$; 8& .7% A#$() )8)5&5$678-9 75:% .7% $##.%)&%-- 5&) 8&=(+%&6% .75. 8. 75) 8& O>58&4G& O>58&

5&5$678-9 A5- 5 95-- 9#:%9%&. 8&.%,$5.%) $5.%) 8& )8:%$-% 95&8=%-.5.8#&-@ =$#9 5

A#$ #= .A# 98((8#&4.7% $5.8#&5(8-. -67##(- I#= M$5&68-6#

M%$$%$L4.7% (8?%$.5$85& 5.%&%#-@ .7% "8?%$.5$85& f#+.7@ P+\%$%- "8?$%- IM$%%

[#9%&L4.7% M*G IM%)%$568m& *&5$678-.5 G?%$865L@ 6(#-%(; (8&B2//LX!. -))&) 4*.*+$) =- .$# W*X@0*-)=$#YO !#+)$+-5*$ =- .$ Z0-))$ :-/&.0(*&"$)*$I1Ja0LB'+8((j& 5- 5 ;#+&, 95& =#+,7. 8& #&% #= .7% 5&5$678-. 6#(+9&- 8& .7% ]8:8( [5$@ .7%&

->%&. 9+67 #= .7% $%-. #= 78- (8=% 8& "5.8& *9%$865@ A7%$% 7% ?%659% 5 .7%#$%.8685& #=+$?5& ,+%$$8((5 A5$=5$%BQ3^:%& 8& #+$ $%:#(+.8#&5$; $5&5$8&, .7% 8&-+$$%6.8#& .75& 8& $%5((; >$%>5$8&, =#$ A75. A% A#+()

?+8() 5=.%$A5$)-BC c8%,# *?5) )% O5&.8((5&@ ]lH@ P&)@0- 1-)=*4 .$50-))$I


4/31

K

JL 2'50 D(#6 !"#*#*

1B H7% 78-.#$; #= .7% #$8,8&- 5&) )%:%(#>9%&. #= .7% O>5&8-7 E%:#(+.8#& #= 1J2XN2J@

5&) >5$.86+(5$(; #= 8.- 5&5$678-. 95\#$8.;@ 8- 5- 6#9>(%Z@ 8= . 9#$% -#@ .75& .75. #=.7% E+--85& E%:#(+.8#&B G. 8- -8,&8=865&.(; (%-- $#\%6.8#&a

@ 5&) ?%65+-% 5&5$678-9Y- )%=%5. 8&O>58& 6#9>(%.%) 5 )%65)%-N(#&, %6(8>-% #= 5&5$678-9 ?; .7% -8,&8=865&.(; 9#$%A8)%->$%5) 89>56. #= O#:8%. 5&) #.7%$ 3-#685(8-9-CB

O>58&@ 5- (5.% 5- .7% =8&5( (#-- #= 8.- (5-. 6#(#&8%- .# .7% UBOB 8& 1aJa 5&) %:%& 8&1J2X@ A5- -.8(( 5 >$%)#98&5&.(; 5,$86+(.+$5( 6#+&.$;@ A8.7 >#69%&. 958&(; 8& ]5.5(#&85 5&) .7% R5-i+% >$#:8&6%-@ 5&) 98&8&, 8& *-.+$85-Bl#&%.7%(%--@ O>58& 75) 8.- =8$-. ,%&%$5( -.$8+?(86 #= 1aQ2NQKJB O>58& A5-@ 8& -7#$.@ 9#$%

)8$%6.(; 8&=(+%&6%) ?; )%:%(#>9%&.- 8& A%-.%$& +$#>% 5&) 5. 5& %5$(8%$ -.5,% .75&E+--85B O>58& 75) 5 -#685(8-. >5$.; =$#9 1aQJ #&A5$) A8.7 5 A#$%685((; 8& ]5.5(#&85 5&) *&)5(+685B

/B U&)%$-.5&)8&, .78- 35_(;C #= 5 95-- 5&5$678-. 9#:%9%&. 8& ?#.7 O>5&8-7

8&)+-.$; 5&) 5,$86+(.+$% 8& 1J2X@ A7%& 5&5$678-9 75) ?%%& (5$,%(; -+>%$-%)%) ?;

-#685(8-9 5&) .7%& 6#99+&8-9 8& 9#-. #= A%-.%$& ^+$#>% I-.5$.8&, A8.7 &%5$?;M$5&6% 5&) G.5(;L@ 8- 5 5&8-7 E%:#(+.8#&10B '%$5() R$%&5&Y- 6(5--8611%9>75-8V%- .7% 78-.#$865()%6%&.$5(8V5.8#& #= O>58& A8.7 9+(.8>(% $%,8#&- 8& 6#&-.5&. 6%&.$8=+,5( #>>#-8.8#& .#

.7% 5$.8=8685( 6%&.$5(8-9 #= P5)$8)@ 5- 5 95\#$ =56.#$ 8& .7% #&,#8&, 5>>%5( #= 5&.8N

-.5.8-. 5&5$678-9@ 5?#:% 5(( A7%$% >$#->%$#+- >%5-5&. -95((7#()%$- A%$% 5?-%&. #$

aG& 1J2d@ O>58& 566#+&.%) =#$ #&(; 1BKn #= A#$() 89>#$.- 5&) 1B0n #= A#$()

%Z>#$.-BJH7% M8$-. E%>+?(86 75) 5($%5); 6#&6$%.8V%) .7% 5&5$678-.Y- 3(#65(8-.C #$8%&.5.8#&B *-R%$&%6$%--8#&

A5- .7% 365&.#&5(8-.C +>$8-8&, #= 1aQ2@ 5(-# 8& 1J2XN1J2Q >$%:%&.%) .7% (8&

#= 6#998..%%- 5&) #$,5&- #= (#65( >#A%$ A7867 A%$% #>%$5.8&, A8.7#+. 9+.+5(6##$)8&5.8#&b .7% *&)5(+685& 5&5$678-.- #?-.8&5.%(; $%=+-%) .# %&.%$ 3(%,5(8V%)C

9+&868>5( 6#+&68(- 5&) .# 5?5&)#& .7%8$ >#A%$=+( >#-8.8#& 8& ->#&.5&%#+-(; 6$%5.%)6#998..%%-BC I>B 2aKL10G ,8:% 8. 5 -7#. 8& 9; (8..(% ?##< [,0 9$/-= S)&4 N)&\"*"5@ >>B J2N1/KB7..>_hh?.7>/2B6#9hS#$.+,5(NO>58&B>)=B G 5(-# +&)%$-6#$% +&65&&; %67#%- ?%.A%%&E+--85 5&) O>58&@ .7% #&(; 6#+&.$8%- 8& ^+$#>% A7%$% A#$#A%$ 5&) 7%()

8. =#$ 5 =%A ;%5$-B1178- 91$"*#8 G$,%)*"+8@ 9+(.8>(% %)8.8#&- =$#9 1JK2 .# 1JQKB ^(-%A7%$%@ 8& 59%9#8$ IP-)#&"$. :-(&)=A BC]KFBC^]@ 1JQK@ >B /QQL R$%&5& -58) #= 5&5$678-9 .75.

3S$#?5?(; 8. 8- #&(; =%5-8?(% 8& O>58&@ =#$ %:%$;A7%$% %(-% 8& ^+$#>% .7% -%%)- #=-#685( (8=% 75:% ?%%& )%-.$#;%)BC


5/31

d

A%5%)%-.$85& (#65( 6#>; #= .7% 9#$%

95.+$% O%6#&) G&.%$&5.8#&5( M$%&67 5&) '%$95& >5$.8%- #= $.7%$& +$#>%B G= .7%78-.#$86 ->(8. 8&.%$&5.8#&5((; ?%.A%%& 5&5$678-9 5&) P5$Z85& -#685(8-9@ 8& 1aQ/@

-.%99%) =$#9 .7% P5$Z85& 8&-8-.%&6% #& >#(8.865( 56.8:8.; 5&) .$5)% +&8#&8-9@ .7%(56< #= 5&; -+-.58&%) ?#+$,%#8- )%9#6$56; 8& O>58& 75$)(; >$#:8)%) 6#&)8.8#&- 8&

A7867 -+67 $%=#$98-. 56.8:8.; 6#+() .55&8-7 5&5$678-9 8& 8.- %5$(; )%65)%-A5- 9#$% >$#>%((%) .#A5$) 56.8#&- #$,5&8V%) +&)%$,$#+&)@ -+67 5- 8&&+9%$5?(%(#65( >%5-5&. +>$8-8&,- 8& *&)5(+685@ 6$+-7%) 8& 8-#(5.8#&@ #$ (8,7.&8&, -.$85>%$-b 8. 75) 3$5.8#&5(8-.C-67##(- 5&) 35.%&%#-C@ #$ 6+(.+$5( 6%&.%$-b 8. >$#)+6%) &+9%$#+- ?##59>7(%.-@ 8&6(+)8&, .$5&-(5.8#&- #= R5#.%5-5&.- $8)8&, )#&%5-5&.-

9%9#$8V8&, .7%8$ =5:#$8.% 5$.86(%- .# $%68.% .7%9 8& =$#&. #= %&$5>.+$%) 5+)8%&6%- 8&

$%9#.% :8((5,%-B G& 1J1aN1J/0@ .7% 9%$% 5$$8:5( #= .7% &%A- #= .7% E+--85&E%:#(+.8#& -%. #== 8&-+$$%6.8#&- 8& -#9% #= .7%-% >(56%- 8& *&)5(+685@ .7% -#+.7B

KB * -+$:%; #= 5&5$678-. 8)%#(#,; -7#A- 6#99#& .$58.- .75. >%$-8-.%) +> .# .7%

$%:#(+.8#& 5&) 68:8( A5$B *&5$678-9 6#9%- 56$#-- 5- 5 $5.8#&5(8-. .7%#$;@ 5& %Z.$%9%

(%=. :%$-8#& #= $5)865( ^&(8,7.%&9%&.B G& >5$. ?%65+-% #= .7% ?$%5< A8.735+.7#$8.5$85&C P5$Z8-9@ 5&5$678-. .7%#$; -7#A- %&,5,%9%&. A8.7 .7% >#-.N

^&(8,7.%&9%&. )%:%(#>9%&. 8& '%$95& >78(#-#>7; =$#9 D%,%( .7$#+,7 M%+%$?567

.# P5$Z1KB P5$Z8-9@ 5$,+8&, =#$ 5 .$5&-8.8#&5( 3)86.5.#$-78> #= .7% >$#(%.5$85.C@ A5-=#$ .7% 5&5$678-.- 5 3-.5.8-.C A#$() :8%A1d@ 5&) A5- 8&)%%) 6%&.$5(8-.b 5&5$678-9 A5-

)%6%&.$5(8-. 5&) =%)%$5.8#&8-.B G. A5- $5)865((; 5.7%8-.@ ?+. (569%&. #$ 5 -.$5.%,; =(#A8&, =$#9 -+67 )%:%(#>9%&.b .7%

1/S5$.8)# O#685(8-. T?$%$# )% ->5p5123*#+&)*$ =- .$# $5*+$(*_"-# ($41-#*"$# $"=$.0X$#@ 1J/J 5&) :5$8#+- (5.%$ $%>$8&.-B1KT$ $5.7%$@ A7%& D%,%( A5- 9%&.8#&%)@ 8. A5- 5--+9%) .75. P5$Z@ 5- 78-3-+66%--#$C A5- 5(-# 5& 5)98$%$ #= .7% -.5.%B1dP5$Z 5&) ^&,%(- A%$% )8-.$%--%) .75. .7% :%$; -.5.8-. )$8=. #= "5--5((%5& O#685(

c%9#6$56; 8& '%$95&; A5- .5


6/31

X

>#.%&.85( =#$ 5 $5)865( %,5(8.5$85& -#68%.; 8- 5(A5;- "&\@ #&6% .7% (5&)#A&%$@ .7%

>$8%-.@ .7% >#(86% 5&) .7% .5$; >+?(86 5$% $%9#:%)@ $%,5$)(%-- #= .7% 3)%:%(#>9%&.#= .7% >$#)+6.8:% =#$6%-C A7867 %Z%$68-% P5$Z8-.-B D%&6% 5&5$678-9 )8) . -%%

9+67 +-% =#$ 6#&6$%.% 5&5(;-8- #= ->%68=86 6#&)8.8#&-1Q@ #$ =#$ .7% 6$8.8i+% #= >#(8.865(%6# 5- )%:%(#>%) ?; P5$Z 8& .7% Z)0"=)*##-5&) 6$1*+$.B 3*&5$678-9 75- 5&

8)%5( .# $%5(8V%C@ 5- '+; c%?#$) >+. 8.B P5$Z@ ?; 6#&.$5-.@ -5;- 8& .7% `$"*T-#+&.75.6#99+&8-9 8- 3. 5& 8)%5( ->$+&, =$#9 .7% 7%5) #= -#9% A#$() $%=#$9%$C@ ?+.$5.7%$ %9>75-8V%- .7% 8995&%&6% #= .7% &%A -#68%.; 8& .78- #&%@ 3.7% $%5(

9#:%9%&. +&=#()8&, ?%=#$% #+$ %;%-CB [#$)- -+67 5- 3.7% G)%5C1a@ 3#+$ 8)%5(C 5&)

3\+-.86%C >%$:5)% 5&5$678-. 8)%#(#,; $8,7. .7$#+,7 .7% ]8:8( [5$B H78- %67#%- 1a.76%&.+$; &(8,7.%&9%&. .7%#$8%- #= P5&@ 5?-.$56.%) =$#9 5&; 78-.#$865( )%:%(#>9%&.

#$ ->%68=868.;B c85V )%( P#$5( $%>#$.- *&)5(+685& >%5-5&.- 5-58& 5(-# 75) 9+67

#= .7% 8)%#(#,; #= .7% 3>5.$85 67865C@ .7% %Z6%--8:% =#6+- #& .7% (#65( .75. >%$:5)%)

I5&) -.8(( >%$:5)%-L 9+67 #= O>5&8-7 (8=%1JB G. A5- 5& %5-; -.%> =$#9 $%\%6.8#& #= .7%6%&.$5(8-9 #= P5)$8) .# $%\%6.8#& #= .7% 6%&.$5(8-9 #= P5$ZB *&5$678-.- 8&7%$8.%) .7%

=%)%$5(8-9 #= S8 ; P5$,5((@ ?$8%=(; 7%5) #= -.5.% 8& .7% M8$-. E%>+?(86@ 5&) )8-68>(% #=S$#+)7#&B

P5&; 5&5$678-.- (##B 1J0 I1JQKL IH7% 5+.7#$ ,#%- #& .#

>#8&. #+. .75. .7% 3P5$Z8-.-C #= .7% )5; A%$% ?%..%$BL1a*&-%(9# "#$%&V#@ .7% ,$5&) #() 95& #= 1J.76%&.+$; O>5&8-7 5&5$678-9@ 8& 78-

9%9#8$ !. P)&.-+$)*$=& `*.*+$"+-I$%>$8&. 1JQK >B JQL A$#.% #= .7% 3899%&-%75>>8&%--@ ,$%5. 7#>%-@ .7% i+5-8N9;-.865( :%&%$5.8#& #= .7% 8)%5 A7867 5&895.%)

+-BC1J*- R$%&5& -58) IP-)#&"$. `-4&*)@ >B 202L_ 3H78- A5- .7% $95( >5..%$&k%:%$;>+%?(# 75.%) 8.- &%8,7?#$@ ?+. 75) =$8%&)(; =%%(8&,- =#$ .7% &%Z. >+%?(# ?+. #&%BC/0*. .7% M#+$.7 ]#&,$%-- #= .7% M8$-. G&.%$&5.8#&5( IO%>.%9?%$ 1aXJL@ .7%

(8?%$.5$85& 6#((%6.8:8-.- 75) #>>#-%) -.$8


7/31

Q

8& 1J2K@ =#+,7. =#$ =+(( %i+5(8.; .7% -%Z%- ?+. 5..568-.#(%$8-9#C #= 7+&)$%)- #=

.8.N=#$N.5. 5--5--8&5.8#&- ?%.A%%& %9>(#;%$- 5&) >$#98&%&. +&8#& 98(8.5&.-@ 5

>%$8#) %&)%) ?; .7% S$89# )% E8:%$5 )86.5.#$-78> I1J/2N1J20L 5&) ;%5$- #=+&)%$,$#+&) 8((%,5(8.; 5&) %Z8(% =#$ .7% ]lHB G& $%->#&-% .# .78- )8==86+(. -8.+5.8#&@

5&) 5(-# .# .7% $%=#$98-. A8&, #= .7% 9#:%9%&. 8& 67%6%$8%&6%- #=

.7% (5..%$ 8& .7% O#:8%. U&8#&@ 5&) .7% $%>$%--8#& #= o$#&-.5). 5&) #= :5$8#+-

E+--85& (8?%$.5$85&-@ 5(8%&5.%) .7%9 )%=8&8.8:%(;@ $%6#&=8$98&, .7%8$ -+->868#&- #=

P5$Z8-. 3-.5.8-9C 5&) 6%&.$5(8-9B

*&5$678-. 6(589- .# 35>#(8.868-9C 5&) 35&.8>#(8.868-9C A%$% 5(-# ?%(8%) ?; .7%

%(%6.#$5( >5$.868>5.8#& #= .7% 5&5$678-. A#$#(86; #= 5?-.%&.8#&8-9 8& .7% 1J21 %(%6.8#&-@ >$#:8)8&, .7% 95$,8& #= :86.#$;

/1T& .7%-% )8:8-8#&- 6=B P+$$5; R##>B /JN21 5&) %(-%A7%$%B//O%% E#-5 "+Z%9?+$,Y- 6$8.8i+% #= .7% 5&5$67#N-;&)865(-. ,%&%$5( -.$859>7(%. 3H7% P5-- O.$8


8/31

a

=#$ $%>+?(865& =#$6%-B c8-5>>#8&.%) ?; .7% 5&.8NA#$%5-5&. >#(868%- #=

.7% E%>+?(86@ 5&5$678-.- 5?-.58&%) 8& 1J22@ %(%6.8#&- =#((#A%) ?; .7% 75$)N$8,7. .+$= .7% 3?8%&&8# &%,$#C I.A# ?(56< ;%5$-LB *- 5 $%-+(.@ .7% ]lHNM*G 5,58& (8=.%) .7%

5?-.%&.8#& >#(86; =#$ .7% M%?$+5$; 1J2X %(%6.8#&-k%:%& c+$$+.8 65((%) =#$ 5 :#.% =#$.7% S#>+(5$ M$#&.NN 5&) 5&5$678-.- >$#:8)%) .7% 95$,8& #= :86.#$; =#$ .7% (%=.

>5$.8%-@ .7#+,7 6(5898&, .7%; :#.%) #&(; 8& 7#>%- #= =$%%8&, -#9% J000 5&5$678-.>#(8.865( >$8-#&%$-/2B *=.%$ .7% (%=. A#&@ .7% >$8-#&%$- A%$% =$%%) ?; 95-- ?$%5+?(865& 5+.7#$8.8%- )8) . )5$% $%>$%--B

XB H7+- .7% -.5,% A5- -%. =#$ .7% 6$8-8- #= .7% O%6#&) E%>+?(86 I1J21N1J2JL@6+(98&5.8&, 8& $%:#(+.8#& 5&) 68:8( A5$ 5=.%$ 1J2XB O>58& 75) ?%%& ->5$%)

>5$.868>5.8#& 8& [#$() [5$ G@ A7867 .#$% 5>5$. .7% (5$,% -#685(8-. >5$.8%- #= M$5&6%@G.5(;@ 5&) '%$95&;@ ,8:8&, $8-% 5=.%$ 1J1Q .# 95-- ]#99+&8-. S5$.8%- .7%$%@ 5&) 5(-#

>#-8&, 5 -%:%$% .%-. =#$ #.7%$ 5&5$678-. 5&) 5&5$67#N-;&)865(8-. 9#:%9%&.-@ A7%$%

89>#$.5&. -%6.8#&- 5&) =8,+$%- ID%$:j 8& M$5&6%@ o$#>#.5&8-7 ]#99+&8-. S5$.;/K@ 75:8&, 3-#685(

>5.$8#.C 95\#$8.; .# )%+&6%@ A5- 5 -.8((?#$& -%6. #= 5 =%A .7#+-5&) ?$%5$56.868&, .7% -.%$8(% H78$)

S%$8#) 3-#685( =5-68-.C >#(86; 5,58&-. .7% SOT^ 5&) .7% 5&5$678-.-@ .7+- ?%8&, 75$)(;(5$,%$ #$ 9#$% $##.%) 8& .7% A#$8.% .7% %Z>+(-8#& #= .78$.; 9#)%$5.% I3H$%8&.8-.5CL +&8#& (%5)%$-@

.#A%$%) #:%$ ?#.7 .7% SOT^@ .# -5; .78&, #= .7% S]^@ 8& ?#.7 &+9?%$- 5&)$##.%)&%-- 8& .7% ]5.5(5& A#$%5-5&.$;B

QB '%&B M$5&68-6# M$5&6#Y- 6#+> 8& W+(; 1J2X A5- 589%) 5. %&)8&, .7% -#685( 675#- #=

.7% O%6#&) E%>+?(86 8& .7% =#$9 #= -.$8%5-5&.-@ -.$%%. ?5..(%-

?%.A%%& (%=.8-.- 5&) $8,7.8-.-@ 5&) >5$(859%&.5$; 89>#.%&6%B T&% -7#+() $%65(( .7%^+$#>%5& 6#&.%Z. #= $8,7.NA8&, 98(8.5$; ,#:%$&9%&.- .7$#+,7#+. %5-.%$& +$#>%@

.7% =8$-. =5-68-. -.5.%@ =#+&)%) ?; P+--#(8&8 8& 1J//@ D8.(%$Y- -%8V+$% #= >#A%$ 8&

'%$95&; 8& 1J22@ 5&) *+-.$85& )86.5.#$ c#((=+--Y- ?#9?5$)9%&. #= A#$%685((; %9?#()%&%) .7% O>5&8-7 $8,7.

5&) =5$N$8,7.@ 5&) -.$%&,.7%&%) .7% $%-#(:% #= .7% SOT^@ S]^ 5&) ]lHNM*G #& .7%(%=.B H7% O.5(8&8-. H78$) G&.%$&5.8#&5(Y- 1J2KN2d 35&.8N=5-68-.C .+$& .# 5((85&6%- A8.7

-#685( )%9#6$5.- I;%-.%$)5;Y- 3-#685( =5-68-.-CL 5&) 3>$#,$%--8:% ?#+$,%#8-

%(%9%&.-C (%) .# .7% %(%6.#$5( :86.#$8%- #= .7% S#>+(5$ M$#&. 8& O>58& 8& M%?$+5$;

/2G$#&865((;@ .7% %-.895.%) 1B2 98((8#& ]lH :#.%- -%%9 .# 75:% ?%%& 958&(; =#$ .7%

5- ;%. 8&-8,&8=865&. ]#99+&8-. S5$.;@ 7%(>8&, .7% S]^ ,# =$#9 1 )%>+.; .# 1K 8& .7%>5$(859%&. I.7% ]#$.%-LB/KS]^@ S5$.8)# ]#9+&8-.5 )% ^->5p5B H7% 6#99+&8-. >5$.; 8& ]5.5(#&85 A5- 5$8-#& A8.7 .7% 5&5$678-.-Y #&% 75(=

98((8#& .# 1@000@000 9%9?%$-B M$#9 E5=5%( ]$+VB !. P$)+*=& 6&40"*#+$ =- !#1$2$ -".$ cc? :-10,.*($B I1JaQL


9/31

J

1J2X 5&) .7%& 8& M$5&6% 8& P5;@ =#((#A%) 8& .7% (5..%$ ?; 95-- =56.#$; #66+>5.8#&-

8& P5;NW+&%B

aB M$5&6#Y- 6#+> A5- )%=%5.%) ?; ->#&.5&%#+-@ 7%5:; -.$%%. =8,7.8&, #:%$ 2NK )5;-@5?#:% 5(( 8& R5$6%(#&5 5&) 5(-# 8& P5)$8)@ 5&) :5$8#+- =#$9- #= >#>+(5$ $%-8-.5&6%

8& 5?#+. X0n #= O>5&8-7 .%$$8.#$;B G& R5$6%(#&5@ .7% ]lH 5&) .7% M*G A%$% .7%5?-#(+.% 95-.%$- #= .7% -8.+5.8#&@ ?5-%) #& .7% 5$9%) A#$ .$8+9>7%)@ 8& -#9% 65-%- 5(9#-. A8.7#+. $%-8-.5&6% 5- 8& (%=.8-. ?5-.8#&- -+67

5- r5$5,#V5k.7% 9#-. 5&5$678-. 68.; 8& O>58&NN 5&) O%:8((% I. .# 9%&.8#& (5$,%

>5$.- #= .7% 5&5$678-. *&)5(+685& 6#+&.$;-8)%L 95-- %Z%6+.8#&- #= 98(8.5&.- I/0@0008& O%:8((%L =#((#A%) 899%)85.%(;B/X

JB G. 8- 7%$% .75. A% 5$$8:% 5. .7% &+? #= .78- .%Z.B H7% O>5&8-7 5&5$678-.- 75) 95)%

.7% $%:#(+.8#&@ ?%;#&) .7%8$ A8()%-. %Z>%6.5.8#&-@ 5&) )8) . (%5)%$- #= .7% ]lHNM*G@ 8&6(+)8&,W+5& '5$685 T(8:%$ 5&) R+%&5:%&.+$5 c+$$+.8@ 65((%) #& "+8- ]#9>5&;-@ 5 ]5.5(5&

&5.8#&5(8-. 5&) 7%5) #= .7% '%&%$5(8.5.@ .7% ]5.5(5& $%,8#&5( ,#:%$&9%&.B H7% 5$9;75) )8--#(:%) #$ ,#&% #:%$ .# M$5&6#b .7% >#(86% 75) 5(-# (5$,%(; )8-8&.%,$5.%)@ 5&)A%$% ?%8&, $%>(56%) ?; 5$9%) 5&5$678-. >5.$#(-b .7% ?#+$,%#8- -.5.% 8& ]5.5(#&85 5.

.75. 9#9%&. A5- $%)+6%) .# 5 =%A ?+8()8&,-B ]#9>5&;- .#() .7% ]lHNM*G (%5)%$-

.75. .7% >#A%$ A5- .7%8$-@ 5&) 8= .7%; A8-7%)@ 7% A#+() $%-8,& 5&) ?% 5 -#()8%$ 8&

.7%8$ 5$9;B H7% ]lHNM*G (%5)%$- )%68)%) .# (%5:% -.5&)8&, .7% -#A%$(%-- 7%5)@ ]#9>5&;-@ 5&) 8&-.%5)=#$9%) .7% ]#998..%% #= *&.8NM5-68-. P8(8.85-@ A7867 ?%659% =#$ 5(( 8&.%&.- 5&)

>+$>#-%- .7% %==%6.8:% -.5.% >#A%$ 8& .7% =#((#A8&, 9#&.7-/QB

H7% 5&5$678-.-@ 5- .7%; >+. 8. 8& .7%8$ #A& A#$)-@ 75) .# %8.7%$ 89>#-% 5 3=+((

.#.5(8.5$85& )86.5.#$-78>C #$ (%5:% .7% >5$.8%- -+>>#$.8&, .7% S#>+(5$ M$#&. 8&.56.BH7%; 67#-% .7% (5..%$ 6#+$-%@ 5&) .7$#+,7 .7% )##$ #= .7% -95((@ >#A%$(%-- %)8=86%@

/XH7% =5-68-. +>$8-8&, =58(%) 8& ]5.5(#&85@ .7% "%:5&.%@ l%A ]5-.8(%@ .7% R5-i+%

$%,8#&@ O5&.5&)%$@ *-.+$85- 5&) 75(= #= ^Z.$%95)+$5B G. A#& 6#&.$#( #= 9#-. #=*&)5(+685@ -#+.7%$& Z.$%95)+$5@ P5((#$65@ T() ]5-.8((%@ l5:5$$% 5&) *$5,#&B H7%

5&5$678-.- A%$%


10/31

10

A7867 .7%; )8) . )8--#(:%@ 659%@ 8& .7% =#((#A8&, 9#&.7-@ +&)%$ .7% 65+.8#+-

95&5,%9%&. #= ]#9>5&;-@ 5(( .7% =#$6%- #= .7% 6#+&.%$N$%:#(+.8#&B ^:%$;.78&, 8& .7%5&5$678-.-Y 78-.#$; 98(8.5.%) 5,58&-. 3.5#A%$C 5- 35+.7#$8.5$85&C 36%&.$5(8-.C

P5$Z8-. .7%#$; A#+() )86.5.%@ 5&) 8. 75$)(; 7%(>%) .75. 3P5$Z8-9C 8& O>58& 5. .75.9#9%&. A5- .7% (+9?%$8&, $%=#$98-. SOT^ I5(?%8. A8.7 5 (%=.A5$)N9#:8&, =56.8#&L@

.7% (%=.N6%&.$8-. STUP/a

@ 5&) .7% -95(( S]^@ ?5$%(; $%6#:%$%) =$#9 8.- 1d ;%5$- #=-%6.5$85& 95$,8&5(8.; 5&) . ;%. >+9>%) +> 8&.# 5 95-- >5$.; #= .7% =$8,7.%&%)98))(% 6(5--%- ?; O#:8%. 9#&%;@ A%5>#&- 5&) loqc 35):8-#$-C/J@20B

JJJL !"# :('5;"-M*8(3);'.)*0* '90#5 0"# 5#,-./0)-(6 &-.)0);'.1 #;-(-(56% .7% ->$#Z895.8#& #= 899%)85.%(;$%:#65?(% )%(%,5.%- 8& 3-#:8%.-C I6(5--NA8)% 8&-.8.+.8#&-L@ 5- .7% +(.895.% 35+.7#$8.;C@-8&6% A#$%5-5&. 6#((%6.8:%- A%$% 5($%5); A8)%->$%5)s

H78- 8- #= 6#+$-% 378-.#$; 5- 8=CB [% >%&%)@ 5&) .$568&, 8& )%.58( .7% )%-.$+6.8#& #= .7% $%:#(+.8#& ?; .7% =#$6%- #= .7%

S#>+(5$ M$#&.@ (%) ?; .7% ]#99+&8-. S5$.; 5&) .7% SOU]21@ 8- (%-- #+$ =#6+- .75&.7% 5&5$678-. ?(8&) ->#.- A7867 =568(8.5.%) 8.B IH7% $#(% #= .7% ]#99+&8-. S5$.; 8&

.7% 8&.%$&5( 6#+&.%$N$%:#(+.8#& 8- $%(5.8:%(; A%(( 58& #+.-8)% ]5.5(#&85 5&) 8& .7% $%-. #= ^+$#>%_

3[% 5$% 5(#&%BC '$5&)8V# P+&8-@ #& .7% #.7%$ 75&)@ A8.7#+. 9%&.8#&8&, .7% )%?5.%

A8.78& .7% ]lH 5&) .7% M*G@ -5;- .75. 3.7% A#$#A%$ -7#+()

/aS5$.8)# T?$%$# )% U&8=86568m& P5$Z8-.5@ =#+&)%) #&(; 8& 1J2d@ 5- 5 =+-8#& #= .7%

R(#i+% T?$%$#N]59>%-8 5&) .7% GVi+8%$)5 ]#9+&8-.5B H7% STUP 75) 5 75$) .89%

#= 8.@ ?%8&, )%+&6%) I5- 8&)865.%) 8& =##..% t1L ?; .7% ]#99+&8-.- 5-3H$#.-B K2NKKB/JT& .78- O#:8%.N->#&-#$%) .+$&5$#+&) 8& .7% =#$.+&%- #= .7% S]^@ -%% 5?#:% 5(( .7%

6(5--86 566#+&. #= R+$&%.. R#((#.%&@ 78- 91$"*#8 :-/&.0+*&"B20H# ?% =58$ #&% -7#+() . #98. .7% d0N#)) 9%9?%$- #= .7% R#(-7%:8


11/31

11

75:% +&8=8%) #& 5 &5.8#&5( (%:%( 5&) =#$95((; >$#6(589%) .7% )8--#(+.8#& #= .7%

,#:%$&9%&.4H7% -8.+5.8#&4 A5- 675$56.%$8V%) ?; 5& 8&6#9>(%.% 5.#98V5.8#& #=>#(8.865( >#A%$ 8& .7% 75&)- #= .7% A#$%5-5&.-B G +-% .7% A#$)

u5.#98V5.8#&C ?%65+-% =0$.*+%8- 8&-+==868%&. .# ,8:% 5 6#9>(%.% >86.+$% #= .7% $%5()8-.$8?+.8#& #= >#A%$-B c+5(8.; 8&)865.%- .A# $8:5(@ 6#&.%&)8&, >#A%$-@ A8.7 5

65>568.; 5&) A8(( .# -.$+,,(%- #& ?#.7 -8)%-B H7% ?#+$,%#8- -.5.% A5- #&(; 8& .78->#-8.8#& .7$%% 9#&.7- 5=.%$ .7% W+(; )5;-4G& .7% 9%5&.89%@ .7% 5.#98V%) >#A%$ 8&.7% (#65( ,#:%$&9%&.N6#998..%%- A5- .7% #&(; %Z8-.8&, 5+.7#$8.; .75. A5- #?%;%)@

(898.%) -#(%(; ?; 8.- (56< #= 6%&.$5(8V5.8#& 5&) ?; .7% $8,7.NA8&, 8&.%$=%$%&6% #= .7%

A#$%$89%&. #= .7% O>5&8-7 E%:#(+.8#==%$%) .7% A#$() .7% >5$5)#Z #= 5&5$678-.- 5&) 5&5$67#N-;&)865(8-.- 56.8&, 5- .7%

>$8&68>(% 5,%&. #= .7% P5$Z8-. 6#&6%>.8#&@ 5&) &%,5.8&, 8& =56. .7% 5&5$678-.6#&6%>.8#&BC22

H7% 6#99#& -(#,5& #= .7% S#>+(5$ M$#&. A5- 3A8& .7% A5$ =8$-.@ .7%& 95#(#,8-.- 5&) 8.- 8)%#(#,865( 7%8$->$#>#-8&, -898(5$ -.$5.%,8%- .#)5;2KB R+. .7$%% #?\%6.8#&- .# -+67 5 =#$9+(5.8#&899%)85.%(; 6#9% .# 98&)@ $%65((8&, E#-5 "+Z%9?+$,Y- $%95$< .75. 3A7# >#-8.-

)8==%$%&. %&)- 5(-# >#-8.- )8==%$%&. 9%5&-CB M8$-. 8- .7% =58(+$% #= .7% E%>+?(86 .##==%$ 8&)%>%&)%&6% #$ %:%& 5+.# .# O>5&8-7 P#$#66# I.7% E8= 5$%5 8& .7%

$.7L@ A7867 A#+() 75:% 75) .7% >#.%&.85( #= +&)%$6+..8&, M$5&6#Y- $%5$,+5$)@ 78-

?5-% #= #>%$5.8#&-@ 5&)@ 8& .7% P#$#665& (%,8#&5$8%-@ 5& 89>#$.5&. -#+$6% #= 78- ?%-..$##>-B O%6#&) A5- .7% =58(+$% #= .7% E%>+?(86 .# 6#&)+6. ,+%$$8((5 A5$=5$% ?%78&)

M$5&6#Y- (8&%-@ 5>>%5(8&, .# .7% 95&; A#$%5-5&.- A7# A%$% ?; 9%5&->$#N=5-68-. ?+. A7#@ 8& W+(; 1J2X@ 75>>%&%) .# =8&) .7%9-%(:%- 8& .7% .%$$8.#$; .75.

=%(( .# .7% 6#+>2dB H7% P#$#665& i+%-.8#& 899%)85.%(; 8((+98&5.%- .7% 98(8.5$;

(898.5.8#&- #= 5 ?#+$,%#8- $%>+?(86 A7867 A5- . 5?#+. .# ,8:% +> 8.- P#$#665&>$#.%6.#$5.% .# -5:% 8.-%(=@ %->%685((; -8&6% )#8&, -# A#+() 899%)85.%(; 5(8%&5.%

M$5&6%@ A7867 6#&.$#((%) .7% (5$,%$ >5$. #= P#$#66#2X@ 5&) =$#9 A7867 E%>+?(865&

22P+&8-@ #>B 68.B >>B /JKN/JdB2K*?5) )% O5&.8((5& I#>B 68.B >B 1/JL 75- 5& 5&-A%$ .# -+67 5$,+9%&.-_ 3[% #--8?(% .# .$8+9>7 8& .7% $%:#(+.8#& 8= A% )8) . .$8+9>7 =8$-. 8& .7% A5$@

5&) A% -56$8=86%) %:%$;.78&, =#$ .7% A5$B %&)%&6%B H7%; )8) . A5&.

8&)%>%&)%&6% 5. .75. .89%@ =%5$8&, 5?-#$>.8#& ?; %8.7%$ l5V8 '%$95&; #$ P+--#(8&8Y-

G.5(;b .7%; 5-


12/31

1/

(%5)%$- :58&(; 7#>%) =#$ 95.%$85( 58)B IW+5& '5$685 T(8:%$ >$#>#-%) ,+%$$8((5 56.8:8.;

?%78&) M$5&6#Y- (8&%- 8& 1J2a@ ?+. .78&, 659% #= 8.BL H78$) 8- .7% -.$5.%,; #= .7%3>%#>(% 8& 5$9-C 5- (5.%$ .7%#$8V%) ?; '+8((j&@ A7867 75) -5:%) P5)$8) =$#9

M$5&6#Y- =#$6%- I8&6(+)8&, '%$95& 5&) G.5(85& >%$-#&&%( 5&) %i+8>9%&.L 8&l#:%9?%$ 1J2X@ -#9%.78&, 6#&-8)%$%) (8..(% (%-- .75& 5 98(8.5$; 98$56(%B H7% &5:;

A5- 5(-# 8&8.85((; 5(9#-. %&.8$%(; 8& 5&5$678-. 75&)-@ ?+. ?; -+99%$ 1J2Q 8. 75)?%%& .5+?(86 &%:%$ +-%) .7% &5:;.7$#+,7#+. .7% A5$@ 8& ->8.% #= 8.- >#.%&.85( .# 6#&.$#( .7% O.$58.- #= '8?$5(.5$@

%&.$5&6% .# .7% P%)8.%$$5&%5&B

H7% 8&.%$&5.8#&5( -8.+5.8#&@ )#98&5.%) ?; .7% (%&,.7%&8&, -75)#A- #= =5-68-9 #&

.7% 95$67@ A5- . =5:#$5?(% .# $%:#(+.8#&B H7% ?#+$,%#8- )%9#6$568%-@ R$8.58& 5&)M$5&6%@ )%6(5$%) 5 >#(86; #= 3&N8&.%$:%&.8#&C 5&) ?(#65&8-7 >#$.-@ 5

>#(86; A7867@ %->%685((; -8&6% l5V8 '%$95&; 5&) =5-68-. G.5(; A%$% 56.8:%(;

-+>>#$.8&, M$5&6# A8.7 58$6$5=.@ A%5>#&$; 5&) 98(8.5$; >%$-#&&%(@ A5- 5 9#6#A%$@ 8&6$%5-8&, O.5(8&Y- 8&.%$%-. 8& 958&.58&8&,.7% +$#>%5& -.5.+- i+#@ A7867 A5- .7$%5.%&%) ?; $%:#(+.8#& #& M$5&6%Y- ?#$)%$-B*- 8&5)%i+5.% 5- O#:8%. -78>9%&.- #= 5$9- 5&) -+>>(8%- A%$% I.7% 6#99#&

9%.5>7#$ A5- 5& 3%;%)$#>>%$C@ %+,7 .# >$#(#&, .7% A5$@ . %+,7 .# A8& 8.L#&% 65& 75$)(; 895,8&% #&,#8&, O#:8%. -+>>#$. =#$ 5 =+((N?(#A& $%:#(+.8#& (%) ?;

5&5$678-.-B T& .7% #.7%$ 75&)@ -#9% 98,7. 5$,+%@ .7% M$%&67 A#$+?(86 75) 5(8%&5.%) >5$.- #= .7% >%5-5&.$; 5&) .7% $+$5(

(5&)(%-- A#$8) %==#$.- 5. (5&) $%=#$9B G& O%>.%9?%$@ 1J2/@ 5&*,$5$85& O.5.+.% A5- >5--%)@ %-.5?(8-78&, .7% G&-.8.+.% #= *,$5$85& E%=#$9 IGE*L

A7867 ?; W+(; 1J2X 75) )8-.$8?+.%) :%$; (8..(% (5&)2aB H7% ->$%5) #= (5&) -%8V+$%- 8&

.7% (5-. 9#&.7- ?%=#$% .7% 6#+> 5&) .7% %-.5?(8-79%&. #= 5,$5$85& 6#99+&%- #&

*=$865 6#+() ?(#A -


13/31

12

%Z>$#>$85.%) (5&) 5=.%$A5$)- $%=(%6.%) 78,7(; )8==%$%&. (5&)7#()8&, >5..%$&-_ -95((

>$#>$8%.#$-78> 5&) =8Z%) .%$9- .%&5&6; 8& '5(8685 5&) .7% R5-i+% >$#:8&6%-b-75$%6$#>>8&, 8& 9#-. #= ]5.5(#&85b 5 98Z.+$% 8& *$5,#&b -95(( 5&) 9%)8+9

>$#>%$.; 5&) -75$%6$#>>8&, 8& .7% "%:5&.%b :5-. -%98N=%+)5( (5$,% (5&)7#()8&,[email protected] 98((8#&- #= (5&)(%-- (5?#$%$-@ A%-. 5&) -#+.7 #= P5)$8) 8& ^Z.$%95)+$5 5&) 8&

*&)5(+685B H7% ]lH A5- -.$#&,%-. 8& *$5,#&@ .7% "%:5&.@ *&)5(+685 5&) '5(8685B

JNL 2-.)0);'.1 O).)0'58 '(3 P;-(-L .7#+-5&)- #= P#$#665&(%,8#&5$8%- .# #8&.-B M56%) A8.7 .78- -8.+5.8#& 5&) A#$#&-@ .7% P5)$8) ,#:%$&9%&. #& W+(; /0.7@ 8.- ?56< .# .7% A5((@

$%(+6.5&.(; 5,$%%) .# 5$9 .7% A#$


14/31

1K

A%((B

H# +&)%$-.5&) .7% ?56 #= .7%-% 6(5-7%-@ 8. 8- &%6%--5$; .# 8& 98&) .7%

>$#=#+&) -#685( 5&) 6+(.+$5( $%:#(+.8#& A7867@ =#$ .7% =8$-. =%A A%%. R5$6%(#&5B l#. #&(; A%$% 9#-. =56.#$8%- #66+>8%) 5&) %Z>$#>$85.%)@

5&) .7%8$ #A&%$- -7#. #$ $+& #==@ A8.7 5$9%) ]lH 98(8.85- $%>(568&, .7% 5$9; 5&).7% >#(86%@ 5&) 67+$67%- ?+$&%)@ ?+. #& 5 6+(.+$5( (%:%( 5- A%((@ 8. -%%9%) .75. 5((78%$5$67; 8& )58(; (8=% 75) )8--#(:%)b %:%& $867 ?#+$,%#8- )8-,+8-%) .7%9-%(:%- 8&

A#$(56%) %:%$;A7%$% ?; .7% 8&=#$95( 3.+C@

3O%p#$C ?; 36#9>5p%$#C@ 5&) 5(( .7% ?#A8&, 5&) -6$5>8&, 5&) .#5);8&, #= .7% #()$%,89% A5- $%>(56%) #:%$&8,7. ?; =#$.7$8,7. A58.%$- 5&) -7#>%$- 5&)

?##.?(56#$. #= R5$6%(#&5@ (#&,-7#$%9%& -+>>$%--%) .7% 75.%)

K0e+#.%- 5$% =$#9 R#$


15/31

1d

98))(%9%& A7# 6#&.$#((%) 566%-- .# \#?-B G& 95&; >(56%-@ A7%$% 5--%9?(8%- .###>+(5$ A5:%@ #+.-8)% 5&; #$,5&8V5.8#&B3R%65+-% #= .7%8$ 6#&.%9>. =#$ .7% >#(8.865( )89%&-8#& #= >#A%$@ .7% 5&5$678-.- >58)

(8..(% 5..%&.8#& .# .7% 8&-.8.+.8#&5(8V5.8#& #= 8.- =+&6.8#&-4CK/

M$#9 .7% ?%,8&&8&,@ #&.7% #.7%$ 75&)@ .7% ]S >+-7%) =#$ 6%&.$5(8V5.8#& 5&) -8&,(% 95&5,%9%&.B

H7% 5&5$678-. %6#b-. c8%,# *?5) )% O5&.8((5&@ A 6#&=$#&.%)@ 9%$% A%%$#\%6. #& .7% 8&)8:8)+5( %&.%$>$8-%B ]#99+&%-@ 8& 78- :8%A@ -7#+()

?% =%)%$5.%)B 3[75. A5- $%5((; &%A 8& *?5) )% O5&.8((5&Y- >$#\%6. A5- .7% >$#>#-5(=#$ 5 M%)%$5( ^6# ]#+&68( A8.7 %6# 5&) 5)98&8-.$5.8:% =+&6.8#&- #=

6##$)8&5.8#&B ID8-L =+&)59%&.5( >+$>#-% A5- .# #:%$6#9%@ 5- 5&567$#&8-.86@ .7%

%6# 6#&6%>.8#& ?5-%) #& (#65(N6#99+&5(8-. >$8&68>(%- 5&) .# $%567 u.7%78,7%-. ,$5)% #= 6##$)8&5.8#& #= 5(( >$#)+6.8:% =56.#$-BB D% =%(. .75. .7% 5&5$678-.

6#&6%>.8#& #= .7% %6# 6#+() . ?% 899%)85.%(; >+. 8&.# >$56.86%@ 5&)%&:8-8#&%) 5 >%$8#) #= %6# .$5&-8.8#& 8& A7867 u5(( -#685( 9#:%9%&.-C A#+()75:% .7% $8,7. =#$ u=$%% %Z>%$89%&.-YB R+. 7% %&:8-8#&%) .$5&-8.8#& >%$8#) 8& .7%

>#(8.865( ->7%$% 5&) 5$,+%) =#$ .7% 899%)85.% -+>>$%--8#& #= .7% -.5.%BCBK2

T& W+(; 21@ .7% ]5.5(5& ,#:%$&9%&. 8--+%) 5& #$)%$ $%6#,&8V8&, $8,7.- =#$ =56.#$;

6#998..%%- 6$%5.%) ->#&.5&%#+-(;@ 5&) .# 5--+$% -5(5$8%- =#$ A#$#(86; #= .7% E%>+?(868& P5)$8) 5- 6#&-%$:5.8:% 5&) 75$9=+( .# .7% $%:#(+.8#&KKB H7% ]5.5(5& ,#:%$&9%&.@

#& .7% #.7%$ 75&)@ ,8:%& .7% ]lHY- #:%$A7%(98&, >$%>#&)%$5&6% .7%$%@ A5-

#?(8,%) .# -5&6.8#& 9+67 9#$% $5)865( (%,8-(5.8#&B

T& *+, Q@ 5 6#((%6.8:% #= a00 =8$9- =#$ 6#&:%$-8#& .# A5$ >$#)+6.8#& I&N%Z8-.%) 8&

]5.5(#&85 5. .7% .89%L A5- 6$%5.%)B O#9% 9#&.7- (5.%$@ %:%& ?#+$,%#8- >#(8.8685&--+67 5- ]#9>5&;- +&)%$-6#$%) .7% %Z.$5#$)8&5$; $#(% #= .7% 8&)+-.$85( A#$#&.5&%#+- 6#&-.$+6.8#& #= 5 >$%:8#+-(; &N%Z8-.%&. 5$959%&.- 8&)+-.$;B H7%]#99+&8-.-@ #& .7% #.7%$ 75&)@ >+-7%) =#$ 6#&.$#( =$#9 P5)$8)@ (%5)8&, .# >#(8.865(

5>>#8&.9%&.- 5&) 5 >$#(8=%$5.8#& #= ?+$%5+6$5.-B G& .7% =8$-. 9#&.7- 8& 8&)+-.$;

,%&%$5((;@ A#$#&-8?8(8.; #=.%& (%) .# 8&6$%5-%) >$#)+6.8:8.;KdB

K/R%$&%6B /aXBK2G?8)B >B /J2BKKc8%,# *?5) )% O5&.8((5&Y- ?##< P&)@0- P-)=*4 .$ Z0-))$I1JK0b 1JQdL $%6#+&.-8& %Z6$+685.8&, )%.58( 7#A P5)$8) 5,58& 5&) 5,58& #:%$$#)% 5&5$678-. $%i+%-.- =#$

95.%$85( 58) 5&) =#$%8,& 6+$$%&6; A8.7 A7867 .# 56i+8$% 8.@ )8$%6.(; 5==%6.8&, .7%

#+.6#9% #= ->%68=86 ?5..(%-@ -+67 5- .7% =5(( #= G$+&BKdM#$%8,& 98(8.5$; ->%685(8-.- -58) .75. ]5.5(5& A#$B 68.B >@ 12KB


16/31

1X

H7% 8&8.85( 5&5$678-. %$$#$@ 7#A%:%$@ A5- &%,(%6. #= 5 ,%&%$5( #:%$:8%A #= .7%

%6# 5&) 5 .#(%$5&6% =#$ .## (#&, #= ?(8&) 3%&.%$>$8-% %,#8-9CB T+. #= .78-.%&-8#&@ 5&) 95&; #.7%$ 3%Z#,%+-C =56.#$-@ ?; (5.% 1J2Q >(5&&8&, 5&) 6%&.$5(8V%)

)8$%6.8#& 8& .7% =#$9 #= &5.8#&5( =8$9- 75) .59%&.-@ :8$.+5((; =$#9 )5; .# )5;@ 8. 8- :8$.+5((;89>#--8?(% .# -%>5$5.% .7% >#(8.865(@ 98(8.5$; 5&) %6# ->7%$%- A7867 ,$5)+5((;6$+-7%) .7% 8&8.85( %+>7#$85 #= W+(;b 6(%5$(;@ >#(8.865( 5&) %6# )%68-8#&-

8&=(+%&6%) 98(8.5$; -.$5.%,;@ 5- 75- 5($%5); ?%%& -%%& 8& .7% i+%-.8#&- #= P#$#66#@

,+%$$8((5 A5$=5$% ?%78&) M$5&6#Y- (8&%-@ 5&) 3>$#=%--8#&5(8V5.8#&C #= .7% #$8,8&5(98(8.85-B G& %5$(; O%>.%9?%$ 1J2X@ "5$,# ]5?5((%$#@ .7% -#685(8-. >#(8.8685& 5&) 3.7%

O>5&8-7 "%&8&C@ ?%659% >$89% 98&8-.%$ 5&) 98&8-.%$ #= )%=%&-% #= .7% E%>+?(86@ 5&)9#:%) .# 6$%5.% 5 6%&.$5(8V%) 98(8.5$; 6#995&)B G& .78- 6#&.%Z.@ .7% ]#99+&8-.

S5$.; %Z.%&)%) 8.- 8&=(+%&6% 8& .7% A5$ 98&8-.$;B H7% O.5(8&8-. 6#995&)%$ 3^(

]59>%-8C@ 5=.%$ 78- ?$%5< A8.7 .7% ]S@ -58) ;%5$- (5.%$ .75. .7% E+--85&- 75)%->%685((; %i+8>>%) 78- M8=.7 E%,89%&.@ A7867 A5- 5 :8$.+5((; 8&)%>%&)%&. =#$6%@

5&) A7867 5..$56.%) >$#NE%>+?(865& #==86%$- A8.7 8.- ,$%5.%$ %==868%&6;B T&O%>.%9?%$ X.7@ .7% 5&5$678-.- 8& *-.+$85- 566%>.%) 98(8.5$8V5.8#&@ 5- )8) E865$)#O5&V@ c+$$+.8Y- -+66%--#$B P8(8.5$8V5.8#& 9%5&. .7% $%.+$& #= 78%$5$67; #= $5&.%9?%$ /J@ 5&) .7% =8$-. O#:8%. 58)

5$$8:%) 8& %5$(; T6.#?%$@ =+$.7%$ -.$%&,.7%&8&, .7% S]^ 5&) .7% SOU]@ A7867 A%$%

,$#A8&, $5>8)(;@ ?5-%) #& $%6$+8.9%&. #= =$8,7.%&%) 98))(%N6(5-- %(%9%&.- 5&)(5&)N#A&8&, >%5-5&.- A7# =%5$%) =#$ .7%8$ >$#>%$.;B *- 8= .# =#6+- 5..%&.8#&@ 8&

O%>.%9?%$ 1J2X M$5&6#Y- =#$6%- 65>.+$%) G$+& 5&) O5& O%?5-.85& 8& .7% $.7B

G& O%>.%9?%$ 1J2X 5- A%((@ .7% ]lH@ .7% SOU]@ 5&) .7% STUP %&.%$%) .7% ]5.5(5&

'%&%$5(8.5.@ 5&) .7% ]lH 566%>.%) .7% :#(+&.5$; )8--#(+.8#& #= ]%&.$5( ]#998..%% #=P8(8.85-@ A7867 75) ?%%& .7% )% =56.# ,#:%$&9%&. #= ]5.5(#&85 -8&6% .7% $%:#(+.8#&B

O7#$.(; 5=.%$A5$)-@ .7% ]lH )%95&)%) -#685(8V5.8#& #= .7% ?5&$#>%$.;@

(5$,% 5,$5$85& >$#>%$.;@ (5$,% 6#99%$685( 5&) .$5&->#$. 6#9>5&8%-@ A#$$8:5.% 6#99%$6%@ 5&) .7% 95&5,%9%&. #= .7% 9%5&- #=

>$#)+6.8#& 5&) %Z675&,% ?; .7% +&8#&-B

M$#9 O%>.B /d .# c%6B 1Q@ W#5& M5?$%,5-@ 5.7%$ ]lH %6#b-. 5&) >$#.#N

.%67$5.@ 566%>.%) .7% >#-. #= 36#&-%\%$# )% (5 ^6#C =#$ ]5.5(#&85@ 5&))+$8&, 78- .%&+$% 8--+%) /d )%6$%%- =#$ $%,+(5.8#& #= .7% %6# 5&) aX $%(5.%)

#$)%$-B G& 78- 6#&6%>.8#&@ >$#)+6.8#& A5- .# ?% 6##$)8&5.%) .7$#+,7 8&)+-.$85(

6#+&68(- 6#&-.8.+.%) ?; .7% +&8#&-@ 5&) .7%-% 8& .+$& A#+() ?% +&)%$ 5 78,7%$-;-.%9 #= 6##$)8&5.8#&@ .7% ]#&-%\# )% ^6#@ A7867 . #&(; 3#$8%&.%)C .7%

%6# ?+. 3$%,+(5.%) 8.C ?; )8==%$%&. .%67&865( ?#)8%-B [7%& M5?$%,5- .##< #:%[email protected]% ]5.5(5& %6# A5- 8& 3)8-#$)%$ 5&) 675#-CB T& T6.#?%$ / @ 7% 65((%) #&

]5.5(5& A#$


17/31

1Q

E%=(%6.8&, .7% ,$#A8&, 8&=(+%&6% #= .7% 6#&-%$:5.8:% =#$6%-@ .7% E%>+?(86 #& T6.#?%$Q 8--+%) 5 (5&) )%6$%% .8(.%) .#A5$) (5&)#A&%$-@ 5&) )%-8,&%) .# 6#&.$#( .7%

6#((%6.8:%- 5&) -(#A .7%8$ =+$.7%$ )8==+-8#&B R; ->$8&, 1J2Q@ ]#99+&8-.N6#&.$#((%)>#(86% 5&) 98(8.5$; +&8.- A#+() ?%,8& 5..56.#N]#99+&8-. U'H 75) =56%) #== 8& 5 -%#>(% A%$%$#,$59 A5- 89>$#:8-%) 8& .7% #&$+-7 #= %:%&.-B

M#$ .7% ]lH 5&) .7% M*G@ %&.$; 8&.# .7% ]#&-%\# )% ^6# A5- ;%. #&% =+$.7%$-.%> 5A5; =$#9 8.- 35>#(8.865(C -.5&6%B

H7% ]#&-%\# 5&+&6%) .7% 6$%5.8#& #= .7% ]58Z5 )% ]$%)8. G&)+-.$85( % ]#9%$685(I]]G]L@ )%-8,&%) .# -+>>(; 6$%)8. .# .7% 6#((%6.8:%-B H7% ]58Z5 ,$%A #+. #= .7%

%Z>%$8%&6% #= .7% =8$-. 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#&-B G& .7%-% %5$(; 9#&.7-@ 5 =8$9N6%&.%$%)%,#8-9 I3%,#8-9# )% %9>$%-5CL 75) 5($%5); ?%6#9% 95&8=%-.B H7% ]58Z5 A5- 5(-#

6$%5.%) .# 68$6+9:%&. .7% 6$;>.#N]#99+&8-. U'H 95\#$8.; 59#&, ?5&< %9>(#;%%-

5&) .7% )%>%&)%&6% #= 9#-. ?5&%&%) +&.8( l#:%9?%$ 10@ 1J2Q@ ?;

A7867 .89% 5&5$678-. 8&=(+%&6% ,%&%$5((; A5- 8& -%$8#+- )%6(8&%@ )%->8.% .7%8$ (5$,%

&+9?%$-B P5..%$- A%$% ,$%5.(; 6#9>(865.%) ?; .7% -.%5); =5(( #= ]5.5(#&85&8&)+-.$85( >$#)+6.8#& =$#9 W+(; 1J2X #&A5$)B

G& .7%-% )%(8?%$5.8#&-@ .7% ]lH 75) -%%& 8.- 8&8.85( %$$#$ 5&) A5&.%) .# 5:#8)

A#$B /XQB


18/31

1a

T6. 21 1J2X@ M5?$%,5- 8--+%) #$)%$- )%:%(#>8&, .7% )%6$%% #= T6.B /K .# (898.

->#&.5&%#+- 56.8#&- #= A#$$#)+6.8#& .# .7% %Z.%&. >#--8?(%B[#$. #= 5 &%A #$)%$ A5- >$%-%&.B [% 75:% 5($%5);9%&.8#&%) .7% 5&5$678-.-Y 6#&.%9>. =#$ 9#&%; 5&) .7%8$ (56< #= 8&.%$%-. 8&

6#((%6.8:8V8&, .7% ?5&(56%) .7% A#$) 3-5(5$8#C IA5,%L A8.7

35-8,&568m&C@ ?+. 8& $%5(8.; .78- #=.%& 59#+&.%) .# (8..(% 9#$% .75& -%95&.86-BG& .7% $+$5( 5&5$678-9 #= *&)5(+685@ .7% >$8&68>(% #= 3.5%68=86 &%%)-B

E5.8#& 65$)- A%$% -+>>(%9%&.%) ?; 3>#6%$-#&5( 3:86%-C IA8&%@68,5$%..%-L 5&) .$8>- #+.-8)% .7% :8((5,%B G& .7% ]5.5(5& 6#((%6.8:%-@ 9#&%; A5- $5$%(;

-+>>$%--%)B G& 95&; 35&5$67#N6#99+&8-.C 6#((%6.8:%-@ 8&)8:8)+5(8-9 $%89>#-%)8.-%(=b .7% %Z8. #= 5 =%A -95(( >$#>%$.; #A&%$- (%) #& #665-8#& .# .7% ?(#AN+> #= .7%6#((%6.8:%B 3"8?$%.5- )% 6#&-+9#C@ #$ 6#&-+9>.8#& ?##$56.86%B P8(8685- 5. .7% =$#&. -%&. -5:8&,- .# .7%8$ 6#((%6.8:%@ . .# .7%8$ =598(8%-B*(( 8& 5((@ 5 ,%&%$5( (56< #= 566#+&.8&, 958.5( .#

q5(%&685B

H7% R5..(% #= P5)$8) ?%,5& #& l#:%9?%$ XB H%$$#$ ?#9?8&, ?; .7% M$5&6# =#$6%-@=5$ =$#9 6#A8&, .7% >#>+(5.8#&@ 56.+5((; ?$#+,7. .7%9 8&.# .7% -.$%%.- 8& .7% 3>%#>(%

8& 5$9-C -.$5.%,; (5.%$ .7%#$8V%) ?; '+8((j&B H7% G&.%$&5.8#&5( R$8,5)%- 5$$8:%) #&

KQ'5$685 T(8:%$Y- 6#&.#$.8#&- 5?#+. \#8&8&, .7% 6%&.$5( ,#:%$&9%&. 5$% )%-6$8?%) 8&78- 9%9#8$@ A$8..%& 8& %Z8(%@ !. !(& =- . P$#I1JQaL@ >>B /J1N/J2B


19/31

1J

l#:%9?%$ 10 5&) >(5;%) 5& 89>#$.5&. $#(%@ 5- )8) .7% 5&5$678-.- #= .7% c+$$+.8

]#(+9&B T& l#: 1J@ 7#A%:%$@ c+$$+.8 A5- $#?5?(; ?; 5 =5-68-. -&8>%$B D%@9#$% .75& 5&; #.7%$ -8&,(% =8,+$%@ A5- 3.7%C -;9?#( #= .7% (8?%$.5$85& $%:#(+.8#& 8&

O>58&B * =%A )5;- (5.%$@ 5 98((8#& >%#>(% 95$67%) 5. 78- 6#99%9#$5.8#& 8&R5$6%(#&5B H7% ?5..(% =#$ P5)$8) 6#&.8&+%) 8&.# W5&+5$; 1J2Q@ ?%=#$% -.5((8&, 8& 5

-.5&)#==@ #&% A7867 A#+() ?% ?$#$#6%%)%) 5>56%B G& c%6%9?%$

1J2X@ .7% ]5.5(5& '%&%$5(8.5. A5- $%#$,5&8V%) A8.7 .7% ]lH .5 #= )%=%&-%B O#:8%. 58) 5(-# >%5#(8.865( 5&) 98(8.5$; -+>>#$.%$-B H7% O#:8%. 59?5--5)#$@ P5$6%( E#-%&?%$,@ 9%.

A8.7 "5$,# ]5?5((%$# )58(;@ #=.%& =#$ 7#+$-B G& %5$(; 1J2Q@ .7% ,#:%$&9%&. )%6$%%).75. $%,+(5$ 9+&868>5( 6#+&68(-@ A7867 75) ?%%& $%>(56%) ?; $%:#(+.8#&5$;

6#998..%%-@ ?% $%%-.5?(8-7%)B * >(%&+9 6$8.868V%) .7% )%=868%&68%- #= .7% 6#((%6.8:%-

.# )5.% =#$ >##$ #$,5&8V5.8#&@ (56< #= .%67&865( 95&5,%9%&.@ %Z.$5:5,5&. %6#)%5- 5&) (8..(% %Z>%$8%&6%B l%A %==#$.- 5. +&8.; ?%.A%%& .7% ]lH 5&) .7% U'H A%$%

?$#567%)B R; .7% 98))(% #= W5&+5$;@ .7% 5&5$67#N-;&)865(8-.- A%$% 65((8&, =#$ 56%&.$5((;N>(5&&%) %6#@ 5&) #& W5&+5$; 20@ 1J2Q@ 5 -.5.+.% 589%) 5.6#&6%&.$5.8#& #= 5(( 6#((%6.8:8V%) =8$9- A5- >5--%)B * =+$.7%$ ?(#A A5- .7% =5(( #&

M%?$+5$; a #= P5(5,5@ A7#-% 5&5$678-. 6#995&)%$ A5- 6#&)%9&%) .# )%5.7 +&)%$>$%--+$% =$#9 .7% ]#99+&8-. S5$.;b 7% A5- (5.%$ >5$)#&%) 5=.%$ 5& 8&i+8$;

$%:%5(%) .7% %i+5( 6+(>5?8(8.; #= .7% ]S 8& .7% )%?56(%B

H78- ,$#A8&, .%&-8#& ?%.A%%& .7% S]^NSOU] 5&) =#$6%- .# 8.- (%=.@ .7% STUP 5&) .7%

]lHNM*G@ 659% .# 5 7%5) 8& R5$6%(#&5 8& P5; 1J2QKaB M#$ 9#&.7-@ .7% O.5(8&8-. 9%)8575) ?%%& 8&+&)5.8&, .7% E%>+?(86 5&) .7% A#$() A8.7 )%&+&685.8#&- #= .7%

3H$#.-%6.@ 6#$$%6.(; 5--%--8&, .75. .7%; 98,7. A%(( (#-% 5 )8$%6.98(8.5$; 6#&=$#&.5.8#&B P5; c5; 6%(%?$5.8#&- 75) ?%%& 65&6%((%) =#$ =%5$ #= 5&

#+.?$%5< #= =8,7.8&, ?%.A%%& .7% ]lH 5&) .7% U'HB H7% .%(%>7#&% %Z675&,% 8&

)#A&.#A& R5$6%(#&5 A5- )#98&5.%) ?; .7% ]lH -8&6% W+(; 1J2XB H7% ]#99+&8-.>#(86% 678%= #= R5$6%(#&5 5$$8:%) .7%$% A8.7 .7% 8&.%&.8#& #= .5


20/31

/0

A#$#(86% =#$6%@ 5$$8:8&, =$#9 q5(%&685B *. )5A& #& P5; Q

.7% ]lH 8--+%) 5.7%$ $5)8# 5>>%5( =#$ 3$95(8.;CB R; P5; a@ .7% 68.; A5- =8&5((;i+8%.@ A8.7 7+&)$%)- ?%.A%%& .7%

5&5$678-.- 8& .7% -.$%%.- 5&) .7% ]lH 98&8-.%$- 8& q5(%&685 75) ?%6#9%+&?$8),%5?(%B

S#(8.865((;@ .7% $%:#(+.8#& ?%,+& 8& W+(; 1J2X A5- )%5)B H7%$% $%958&%)@ 7#A%:%[email protected]% .5-$#=%--8#&5(8V%) .7%;95; 75:% ?%6#9%d1B

H7% =#+$ ]lHNM*G 98&8-.%$- (%=. .7% E%>+?(865& ,#:%$&9%&. 8& .7% A5%V 75) ?%%& ?(#6$#\%6.- ?%65+-% #= .7% #>>#-8.8#& #= "5$,# ]5?5((%$#

5&) 5(( )%=%&)%$- #= .7% -.5.+- i+#_ 3[% 75:% .# $%6#,&8V% .7% +-%(%--&%-- #= #+$,#:%$&9%&.5( >5$.868>5.8#& 8& .7% %6# ->7%$%BC H7% ]lH 95)% 5 &%A +&8.;

#:%$.+$% .# .7% U'H ?+. 8. 659% .# .78&,B T& P5; /d@ 1J2Q@ .7% ,#:%$&9%&.

8--+%) 5 )%6$%% $%i+8$8&, 6#((%6.8:8V%) =8$9- .# \#8& 5 6#99%$685( $%,8-.%$b .7%; .7+-?%659% (%,5( 3\+)8685( >%$-#&5(8.8%-C 6#&.8&+#+- A8.7 .7% #() =8$9- .7%; 75)

$%>(56%)B 3H7% (%,5(8V5.8#& #= 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#& (%)@ .7$#+,7 -.5.% 6#&.$#(@ .# .7%

+&)#8&, #= .7% $%:#(+.8#&b .7% =8&5( -.%>- #= .78- >#(86;@ A7867 75) ?%%& -+66%--=+((;>+-7%) ?; .7% ]#99+&8-.-@ %&%$,%.865((; -+>>#$.%) 5&) >5--8:%(; .#(%$5.%) ?; .7%

5&5$678-.- A%$% #>%&(; :8-8?(% 5=.%$ .7% 6$8-8- #= P5; 1J2Q4Cd/T& W+&% 1a@ .7%,#:%$&9%&. $%i+8$%) $%,8-.$5.8#& #= 5(( $5)8# -.5.8#&- 5&) .A# 9#&.7- (5.%$

>$#78?8.%) 5(( 6$8.868-9 #= .7% O#:8%. U&8#&B

G& (5.% W+&%@ .7% ]lH A5- 5(-# %Z>%((%) =$#9 =$#9 .7% '%&%$5(8.5.@ 5&) .7%$% A5- 5

.%9>#$5$; ?5& #& 8.- )58(; 9&.*=$)*=$= e,)-)$B G& *+,+-.@ .7% O.5(8&8-. '%&%$5( "8-.%$

d0* O.5(8&8-. 6#995&)%$ .7$%5.%&%) .# ?#9? .7% 5&5$678-. *-65-# ]#(+9& 8= 8.95$67%) #& P5)$8)B P5&; #= .7%-% )%.58(- 5$% .5


21/31

/1

?%,5& 78- 5..56+-7%) #+.

#= ]5.5(5& ]#&-%\# )% ^6# B

H7% O.5(8&8-. #==%&-8:% 8& 5(( 8&-.8.+.8#&- #= .7% E%>+?(86 6#&.8&+%) +&5?5.%)B G& =5((1J2Q 5. .7% U'H ]#&,$%--@ .7% ]5.5(5& O.5(8&8-. E+8V S#&-%.8@ 9%9?%$ #= .7% SOU]@

>$#>#-%) .7% %(898&5.8#& #= .$5)% +&8#& )%(%,5.%- 8& 5(( =8$9-@ 5..56$8&68>(% 8& .7% 6#&-.8.+.8#& #= .7% %&.%$>$8-%6#+&68(-CB ^:%&.- A%$% >+-78&, .7% (8?%$.5$85&- 8& .7% -59% )8$%6.8#&b 8& O%>.%9?%$

1J2Q@ .7% ]#&,$%-- #= .7% ]lH@ .7% M*G@ 5&) .7% "8?%$.5$85& f#+.7 )%95&)%) .7%

899%)85.% &5.8#&5(8V5.8#& #= 5(( A5$ 8&)+-.$8%-@ =#$%8,& 6#99%$6%@ 98&%- 5&)?5&5(8V5.8#& #= 7#+-8&,@ >+?(86 -%$:86%-@ 7%5(.7 5&) -#685(

5--8-.5&6%B H7%; 6#&6%)%) .7% &%%) =#$ >$8:5.% %&.%$>$8-%- 8& (8,7. 8&)+-.$;@ $%.58(6#99%$6% 5&) 8& -95(( 5,$5$85& >$#>%$.;B H78- A5- 5 $%5( )%>5$.+$% =$#9 .7%

r5$5,#V5 >$#,$59 5&) .7% 3>+$%C 5&5$678-. (8&%B *- 8& .7% P5; %:%&.- 8& R5$6%(#&5@

.7% 6#&,$%-- -7#A%) .7% %9%$,8&, )8:#$6% ?%.A%%& .7% ?5-% 5&) .7% (%5)%$- #= .7%]lH@ 5 6(%5$ >$#6%-- #= 3#(8,5$i+8V5.8#&Cd2B H7% >(%&+9 )%6(5$%)_ 3H7% ]lH 75-

+&)%$-.##) .75. .7%$% 65&. ?% 5 >$#->%$#+- %6#@ ->%5%6.-BCT& l#:%9?%$ /0@ 1J2Q .7% '%&%$5(8.5. 8--+%) .7% 3)%6$%% #= ->%685( 8&.%$:%&.8#&-C

,8:8&, .7% ,#:%$&9%&. 5& #:%$$8)% #= A#$%6.#$-B G& $%->#&-%.# .78- 5&) #.7%$ )%:%(#>9%&.-@ .7% 5&5$678-.- 5..565$.86+(5$ .7%

39+(.8>(865.8#& #= .7% 5$9; #= >5$5-8.%-C 5&) .7% 89>%&%.$5?8(8.; #= .7% 6#+&.(%--

6#998--8#&-B T& c%6 1@ E+8V S#&-%.8@ 8& .7% ]#&-%\# )% ^6#@ -58) .75.)8$%6.#$- &59%) ?; A#$ #= .7% +&8#& A5- >5.%&. 5. .78- >(%&+94C dKG. )8->%&-%) A8.7 >$%:8#+- 5--%9?(; =#$95. 5&) 75) 8&-.%5) 5 >$%>5$%) 5,%&)5B G&

+&>$%6%)%&.%) =5-78#&@ .7% &5.8#&5( 6#998..%% 8&.%$:%&%) )8$%6.(; 8& 5(( )%?5.%-B

3[8.7 .7% 6$%5.8#& #= (5?#$ 8&->%6.#$-@ +&8#& 6#998..%%- #= 6#&.$#(@ 5)98&8-.$5.8:%5&) .%67&865( 6#+&68(-@ >%#>(% 8& 675$,% #= )8-.$8?+.8&, A#$< I8& 95&; 65-%- A8.7 .7%

>#A%$ .# (5; #== A#$#A%$-4.7% ]lH A5- 6#&:%$.%)8&.# 5 ?+$%5+6$5.86N 6%&.$5(8-. #$,5&8V5.8#& A7867 ,5:% +> .7% >$8&68>(%- #= $5&-8?(% -%(=N)%68-8#& =#$ 5 .#.5( 78%$5$67865(

$%-.$+6.+$8&, 5&) %6# >(5&&8&,B H7% >$#6%-- #= 6%&.$5(8V5.8#& 89>#-%) ?; .7%A5$ 8& %:%$; 5$%5 )8) . -.#> 5. .7% )##$- #= .7% +&8#& #$,5&8V5.8#& 8.-%(=BC q%$&

E8675$)-@ ^&,(8-7 5&5$678-.@ -58) .7%-% )%68-8#&- 9%5&. .7% %&) #= 3.7% ]lH 5- 5

$%:#(+.8#&5$; #$,5&8V5.8#& 6#&.$#((%) ?; 8.- 9%9?%$-BC R%$&%6$#,$59 9+-. ?% 5..$8?+.%) #&

#&% 75&) .# .7%8$ 8&.%$>$%.8:% A%5(8=8%) 6#&6%>.8#& #= .7%%6# >$#6%--@ A7867 A5- . +&)%$-.##) 8& .7% -(8,7.%-.@ 5&) #& .7% #.7%$ 75&)@

?%65+-% #= .7% A5$@ .7% +&5:#8)5?(% %6# 6%&.$5(8V5.8#& 5&) ,(#?5( >(5&&8&,

d2G?8)B >B /JaBdKG?8) >B 200N201B


22/31

//

5):#65.%) =$#9 .7% ?%,8&&8&, ?; .7% ]#99+&8-.-4.7% >$#6%-- A7867 (%) =$#9 .7%

3(8?%$.5$85&C %6# 6#&=8,+$5.8#& .# .7% )8$8,8-. 8&.%$:%&.8#&8-9 #= .7% -.5.%@=$#9 .7% >$#,$5995.86 )%6(5$5.8#& #= O%>. 1J2X .# .7% Z>5&)%) 6# S(%&+9

I1J2aL @ -7#A%) .7% 5)#>.8#& #= u5+.7#$8.5$85&Y -67%9%- #= #$,5&8V5.8#& 8& 8&)+-.$;5&) 8& .7% 8&.%$&5( -.$+6.+$% #= .7% ]lHBC

H78- >$#6%-- A5- #>>#-%) ?; .7% M$8%&)- #= c+$$+.8B 3H7% M$8%&)- #= c+$$+.8 75) 5&8&.$5&-8,%&. >#-8.8#& 6(#-% .# .7% H$#.-5$.8%-@ .7% -.5.%@ .7% ,#:%$&9%&.@ %.6B ?+. 5(-# =#+,7. 5,58&-. .7%9#)%$5.% (8&% #= .7% 6#998..%%- #= .7% ]lH 5&) .7% M*GB H7%; 65((%) =#$ 5 &%A

$%:#(+.8#&BCdd

NL :B5'5)'( C-..#;0),#*

l%5$(; 5 ;%5$ >5--%) ?%=#$% .7% ]lH 6$%5.%) 5 6#9>%.%&. 5,$5$85& #$,5&8V5.8#& =#$

5(( E%>+?(865& .%$$8.#$; I.7% M%)%$568m& l568#&5( )% ]59>%-8-LB G.- >$8&68>(%-@ ?;-+99%$ 1J2Q@ A%$% 8& #>%& 6#&.$5)86.8#& A8.7 6%$.58& ?5-86 5&5$678-. >#-.+(5.%-BP5&)5.#$; )%68-8#&- .55.8?(% A8.7 )%68-8#&-

6#98&, 3=$#9 ?%(#ACB *- R%$&%6+.- 8.@ 35=.%$ 5& 8&8.85( >%$8#) #= -56$8=8685(-#(8)5$8.;@ 9+.+5( 58) 5&) 58) ,8:%& =$%%(; A8.7 .78&, 8& $%.+$&@ .7% +&8#&-k5-

5(-# #66+$$%) 8& 8&)+-.$;k8& 95&; >$#->%$#+- 5,$5$85& 6#((%6.8:%- 75) .# =8,7.

5,58&-. .7% 3&%#65>8.5(8-9C #= .7% (5..%$ A7867 )8) . A5&. .# 7%(> #.7%$ 6#((%6.8:%-8& )%=868.4CdX

5L ]5.5(#&85

G& ]5.5(#&85@ 8&8.85((;@ .7%$% 75) ?%%& #&(; 8&=#$95( 6$8.%$85 =#$ %&.$; 8&.# $+$5(6#((%6.8:%-b .7% ]lH $%>%5.%)(; -.5.%) .75. -95(( >$#>$8%.#$- )8) . &%%) =%5$ =#$

.7%8$ >$#>%$.;B E%&.@ %(%6.$868.;@ A5.%$@ 9%)868&%@ 7#->86%- =#$ %()%$(; 5&) 8&=8$9

A%$% =$%%B R+. 5($%5); 8& *+,+-. 1J2X@ .7% ]5.5(5& ,#:%$&9%&. 6$%5.%) 95&)5.#$;9%9?%$-78> =#$ 8&)%>%&)%&. >%5-5&.- 8& .7% ]5.5(5& >%5-5&.-Y +&8#&@ 5 9%5-+$%

589%) 5. 6$%5.8&, 5 6#+&.%$A%8,7. .# ]lH 8&=(+%&6% 8& .7% 8&)+-.$85( 6#((%6.8:%-BH%&5&. =5$9%$- A%$% 5..$56.%) .# .7% SOU] I#&6% 5,58&@ .7% ]S 8& ]5.5(#&85L =#$ 8.-

>$#>5,5&)5 589%) 5. -95(( >%5-5&. (5&)#A&%$-B R; W5&+5$; 1J2Q@ .7% ]5.5(5&

,#:%$&9%&. A5- .$;8&, .# -5?#.5,% $+$5( 6#((%6.8:%-B * ]lH $%,8#&5( >(%&+9 #=>%5-5&.-@ 7#A%:%$@ >(56%) 6#((%6.8:%- +&)%$ .7% 6#&.$#( #= .7% ]lH@ .7% U'H 5&) .7%

$+$5( ,$#A%$- +&8#&B G. $%6#,&8V%) .7% +-% #= 9#&%; =#$ .7% =#$%-%%5?(% =+.+$%B

H7%$% A%$% >%$75>- /00 $+$5( 6#((%6.8:%- 8& ]5.5(#&85@ ?+. .7%; A%$% . 5-89>#$.5&. .7%$% 5- A%$% >$8:5.% =5$9-B G& W+(; 1J2Q@ .7% '%&%$5(8.5. %Z>$#>$85.%)@

A8.7#+. 8&)%9&8.;@ $+$5( =8&65- ?%(#&,8&, .# >%$-#&- A7# -+>>#$.%) =5-68-.+>$8-8&,B G& *+,+-. 1J2Q@ =#((#A8&, .7% %:%&.- #= P5; 1J2Q@ .7% ]5.5(5& ,#:%$&9%&.

8--+%) 5 )%6$%% >$#:8)8&, =#$ $%,+(5.8#& 5&) $%6#,&8.8#& #= $+$5( 6#((%6.8:%-@

ddG?8)BdXG?8)B >>B 121N122B


23/31

/2

%Z.%&)8&, -.5.% 6#&.$#( #:%$ .7%9B

?L *$5,#&

P+67 #= *$5,#& 75) 8&8.85((; =5((%& .# M$5&6#Y- 6#+>B P5&; 6#((%6.8:%- A%$%%-.5?(8-7%) .7%$% 5- 98(8.85 6#(+9&- 6(5A%) ?56< (#-. .%$$8.#$; #& .7% A5; .#(8?%$5.% r5$5,#V5B H7% c+$$+.8 6#(+9& ->$%5) 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#&@ A8.7 5?#+. Kd0

6#((%6.8:%- #:%$5((dQB

G& 98)NM%?$+5$; 1J2Q@ .7% M%)%$568#& )% ]#(%6.8:8)5)%- )% *$5,#& A5- %-.5?(8-7%)

.# 36##$)8&5.% .7% %6# >#.%&.85( #= .7% $%,8#&CB H7% =%)%$5.8#& )$%A +> 5-.5&)5$)8V%) =598(; $5.8#&8&, 65$)@ 5&) 95)% >(5&- .# 6$%5.% %Z>%$89%&.5( =5$9-@

&+$-%$8%-@ 5&) $+$5( .%67&865( 6#((%,%-B ]#95$65( I6#+&.;L =%)%$5.8#&- A%$% -%. +>

.# )%5( A8.7 $5)8#@ >#-.@ .%(%,$5>7-@ .%(%>7#&%-@ 5&) 9%5&- #= .$5&->#$.B [%5>#&-A%$% )8-.$8?+.%) .# 6#((%6.8:% 9%9?%$-B *.7%$ =%)%$5.8#& %-.5?(8-7%) 6%&.$5(

A5$%7#+-%-B ^(%6.$868.; A5- ->$%5) .# :8((5,%-@ 5&) 7#->8.5(- A%$% ?+8(.B T&%6#((%6.8:% 8& *>$8( 1J2Q 5((#A%) 8&)8:8)+5(- .# 5?-.58& 8= .7%; A8-7%)@ 5- 75)#66+$$%) 8& .7% "%:5&.B H7% 6#((%6.8:%- 89>(%9%&.%) 95&)5.#$; A#$< =#$ .7#-%

?%.A%%& 1a 5&) X0@ %Z6%>. =#$ >$%,&5&. A#9%& #$ A#9%& A8.7 678() 65$%$%->#&-8?8(8.8%-B H7%$% A%$% &8,7. 6(5--%- 8& (8.%$56;B S(%&5$; 5--%9?(8%- %(%6.%) 5&

%Z%6+.8:% 6#998..%%@ A7867 A5- 899%)85.%(; $%:#65?(%B (%6.8#&- A%$% 7%() #& .7%

?5-8- #= #&% :#.%@ #&% 9%9?%$@ 95..%$ 7#A (5$,% #$ -95(( .7% 8&)8:8)+5(Y- 8&8.85(6#&.$8?+.8#& #= (5&)@ .##(- 5&) 5&895(- .# .7% 6#((%6.8:%B

H7% ]lHNM*G 75) 8& =56. &%:%$ ->#$#:8-%) &%A 9%.7#)- =#$ %Z675&,% #= ,##)- A8.7#+. 39#&%;CB

H7%-% =#$9- #=.%& :5$8%) =$#9 :8((5,% .# :8((5,% 5&) A%$% #=.%& 8&6#9>5.8?(%BR#$75-8V%) .7% %.7865( )89%&-8#& 8& 5&5$678-. 6#((%6.8:%- 5&) 8& .7%

-+>>$%--8#& #= 9#&%;B

G& *+,+-. 1J2Q@ O.5(8&8-. ,%&%$5( ^&$8i+% "8-.%$@ 5- >5$. #= .7% ]#99+&8-. S5$.;Y-

5>>%5( .# -95(( (5&)#A&%$-@ 5..56$#>5,5&)5 >#$.$5;%) .7% 6#((%6.8:%- 5- 6$%5.%) ?; :8#(%&. 6#9>+(-8#&

IvL 5&) 8&%==868%&.BL D+&)$%)- #= 5&5$678-.- A%$% 5$$%-.%)@ 9%9?%$- #= .7% ]lH A%$%

dQW+(85& ]5-5:5;"$)@0*#4& % )-/&.0(*_" -" .$ #&(*-=$= )0)$. $)$5&"-#$A BCDEFBCDaI1JadL >$#:8)%- 5 9#$% &+5&6%) :8%A #= .7% *$5,#&%-% 6#((%6.8:%-B G& 78- :8%A@

8& *$5,#& 5- 5 A7#(%@ .7% $%->%6.8:% A%8,7. #= .7% ]lH 5&) .7% U'H A5- 5?#+. %i+5(BI>B 21LB D% 6#&6+$- A8.7 R%$&%6B 21dL .75. .7% P5; 1J2X r5$5,#V5 6#&,$%--5$$8:%) 5. 8.- 5,$5$85& $%-#(+.8#& 3A8.7#+. 6(5$8=;8&, .7% 9#-. %(%9%&.5$; %6#

6#&6%>.-BC [7%$% .7%; (5.%$ A%$% 8& 6#&.$#(@ .7% 5&5$678-.- )8) . 89>(5&. 5 9#)%(

#= 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#& A7867 A#+() $%-#(:% .7% >$#?(%9- #= >$#)+6.8#& 5&) %Z675&,%BCI>B 21aL 3H7#-% )%=%&)8&, .7% 3%.%$&5( 5->8$5.8#& .# %i+5(8.;C 8,$% &+9%$#+-

%Z59>(%-4#= .7% 95$,8&5(8V5.8#& -#685( ,$#+>- IA#9%&@ +&5==8(85.%) >%5-5&.-L 5&)8,$% .7% $%5( 6#&)8.8#&-BC


24/31

/K

%Z6(+)%) =$#9 >5$.868>5.8#& 8& 9+&868>5( 5--%9?(8%- @ 95&; 6#((%6.8:%- A%$%

)%-.$#;%)@ 5&) .7%8$ (5&) A5- $%N>$8:5.8V%)B '$5&5$8%- A%$% #>%&%) 5&) (##.%) =#$98(8.5$; %Z56.8#&-B O#9% 6#((%6.8:%-@ 7#A%:%$@ A%$% (5.%$ $%6#&-.8.+.%)B H7%

]#99+&8-. S5$.; (5.%$ ?5658,&b 8. 75)=$8,7.%&%) 6#((%6.8:% 9%9?%$- A7# -.#>>%) A#$< 5&) $%.+$&%) .# 6+(.8:5.8&, -95((

>5$6%(- #= .7%8$ #A&@ .7$%5.%&8&, .7% =5(( 75$:%-.B

6L H7% "%:5&.

T& O%>. 1aN/0 1J2X@ .7% E%,8#&5( M%)%$5.8#& #= "%:5&.8&% S%5-5&.- IO>5&8-7 8&8.85(-

ME]"L 9%. 8& q5(%&685B *. .75. >#8&.@ 12B/n #= .7% (5&) 8& .7% "%:5&. 75) ?%%&-%8V%)@ 5&) #&%N.78$) #$,5&8V%) 8&.# 6#((%6.8:%-B G& -#9% #= .7%9@ .7%$% 75) ?%%&

.#.5( 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#& 5&) .7% 5?#(8.8#& #= 9#&%;Bda*(( 6#((%6.8:%- 75) .7%8$ #A&-67##(- ?; 1J2aB H7% ME]" A5- .7% .#> #= 5 >;$598) #= #$,5&8V5.8#&-@ ?%,8&&8&,

A8.7 (#65( -8&)865.#- 5&) 6#((%6.8:%-@ 9#:8&, +> .# .7% =%)%$5.8#& #= %567 6#95$65

I6#+&.;L@ 5&) .7%$%5=.%$ .# >$#:8&685( =%)%$5.8#&-B H7% ME]" 75) 5 -8V%5?(% &+9?%$

#= 566#+&.5&.- .# 6##$)8&5.% %==#$.- 5. 5 78,7%$ (%:%(B H7% 6#&,$%-- 5(-# )%68)%) ..# 8&.%$=%$% A8.7 >$8:5.% >(#.- 8= .7%8$ #A&%$- )8) . 8&.%$=%$% A8.7 .7% 6#((%6.8:%-B

T& T6.#?%$ Q@ 7#A%:%$@ .7%$% A5- 5 (5&) )%6$%% .8(.%) .#A5$) (5&)#A&%$-@ )%-8,&%).# 6#&.$#( 6#((%6.8:%- 5&) .# -(#A .7%8$ =+$.7%$ )8==+-8#&B R; .7% ->$8&, #= 1J2Q@ .7%

>#(86% 5&) 98(8.5$; A#+() ?%,8& .7%8$ 5..56


25/31

/d

E%,8#&5( S%5-5&. T$,5&8V5.8#&-B H7% "5A =#$ H%9>#$5$; "%,5(8V5.8#& #= *,$5$85&

]#((%6.8:%- A5- >5--%) 8& .7% -59% 9#&.7@ )%-8,&%) .# %&-+$% 75$:%-.- #:%$ .7%6#98&, ;%5$ ?%=#$% >%5-5&.- ?#(.%) =$#9 .7%9 +&)%$ ,#:%$&9%&. >$%--+$%B G&

1J2XN2Q@ .7% G&-.8.+.% =#$ *,$5$85& E%=#$9 ,5:% d0 98((8#& >%-%.5- .# .7#-%6#((%6.8:%- 566%>.8&, -.5.% 8&.%$:%&.8#&@ .7+- 6+..8&, #+. .7% ]lHB P5&; >%#>(% A7#

75) ?%%& %Z>$#>$85.%) 8& .7% -+99%$ #= 1J2X A%$% .$;8&, .# ,%. .7%8$ (5&) ?56%#>(% #= 5& 5,$5$85& >#>+(5.8#& #= 1Q 98((8#& A%$% 8&:#(:%) 8& .7% 6#((%6.8:8V%)

$+$5( %6#B P5(%=5#>+(5.8#&$%-8-.%) 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#&B c8==%$%&. 6#((%6.8:%- 5(-# 75) )8==%$%&. $+(%-B G& ,%&%$5(@

7#A%:%$@ .7%; %-.5?(8-7%) -67##(-@ ?+8(. 95&; (8?$5$8%- 5&) 5.%&%#- I-#685( 6%&.%$-L

-#9% 7#->8.5(- 5&) -%&8#$ 7#9%-B H7%; -%. 5 =#$95( $%.8$%9%&. 5,% 5&) 6(#-%)?$#.7%(-B

G& W+(;@ 1J2Q@ .7% M*G 7%() 5 >%&8&-+(5$ >(%&+9 8& q5(%&685B G. 95$5&8-7 5&5$678-9B H7% >(%&+9 :#.%) .# ,8:% +> .7% (5Z 8&.%$&5(

-.$+6.+$% #= 35==8&8.; ,$#+>-C 5&) $%>(56%) .7%9 A8.7 3.%$$8.#$85( ,$#+>8&,-CB

NJL O-5# -( 2-.)0);* '(3 O).)0'58 F#,#.-(8.865( 5&) %6# %:%&.- )%-6$8?%) 5?#:%@ 8& #$)%$ .#

+&)%$-6#$% .7% -.%5); >$#6%-- #= 5&5$678-. 566#99#)5.8#& .# .7% 8&-.8.+.8#&- #= .7%S#>+(5$ M$#&.B [% A 5..%9>. .# $#+&) #+. .78- >86.+$% =$#9 .7% 98(8.5$;

-.5&)>#8&.@ 5=.%$ .7% )%68-8:% >#(8.865( .+$& #= P5; 1J2QB

G& c%6%9?%$ 1J2Q@ E%>+?(865& =#$6%- 5..568%) 8.b 8. A5-

+&=#$.+&5.%(; .7% 6#()%-. 68.; 8& O>58&@ 8& .7% )%5) #= A8&.%$@ 5&)@ A8.7 .%&- #=.7#+-5&)- #= 65-+5(.8%- #& ?#.7 -8)%-@ 95&; =$#9 8&5)%i+5.% =##) 5&) 6(#.78&, 8&

-+?V%$# .%9>%$5.+$%-@ .7% =5-68-.- $%65>.+$%) 8. 8& M%?$+5$; 1J2a B G. A5-@ 5,58&@ 5

6(%5$ 65-% #= 98(8.5$; -.$5.%,; 8&-%>5$5?(% =$#9 >#(8.86-B H7% %ZN]#99+&8-.6#995&)%$ ( ]59>%-8 A$#.% 95&; ;%5$- (5.%$ .75. 5&5$678-. .$##>- 75) ?%%&

>+$>#-%(; -56$8=86%) .# )8-6$%)8. .7%9 5&) .# #+-. SOT^ 9%9?%$ G&)5(%68# S$8%.# 5-

P8&8-.%$ #= c%=%&-%X/B *(-# 8& M%?$+5$; 1J2a@ 5(( 6#((%6.8:%- 8& *$5,#& A%$% #66+>8%)

X0G?8)B >B 2/dBX1 )A5$) P5(%=5#$.5&. (%5)%$ #= .7% $8,7. A8&, #= .7% SOT^@ 5&).7% (#&,N.89% #>>#&%&. #= "5$,# ]5?5((%$#B D% A5- 75$)(; -;9>5.7%.86 .# .7%

5&5$678-.-@ ?+. 5(-# 6#&-8)%$%) 8&-+==868%&.(; )#68(% ?; .7% O.5(8&8-.-B U-8&, 98(8.5$;)%=%5. 5&) -%.?56


26/31

/X

?; M$5&6#Y- .$##>-@ 6#9>(%.8&, .7% A#$< #= )%9#(8.8#& ?%,+& ?; '%&B ^&$8i+% "8-.%$

.7% >$%:8#+- *+,+-.B

T& P5$67 1a@ 1J2a@ >$#9>.%) ?; .7% 6#((5>-% #= .7% *$5,#& =$#&.@ .7% ]lH 5&) .7%U'H -8,&%) 5 6#99#& >$#,$59B G. A5- )%-6$8?%) 5. .7% .89% 5- 3R5$#,$59 A5- A8)%(; .#+.%) ?; .7% S]^ 5&) .7% SOU] 5- 595\#$ -.%> =#$A5$) =#$ .$5)% +&8#& +&8.;b 8. 65((%) =#$ &5.8#&5(8V5.8#& I5- #>>#-%) .#.7% %5$(8%$ 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#&-L 5&) +&)%$-6#$%) $%->%6. =#$ 8&)8:8)+5(8-. >%5-5&.-B H7%

$%5( ,#5( #= .7% S]^NSOU]@ 7#A%:%$@ A5- .# %Z6(+)% +&8#&- =$#9 .7% ,#:%$&9%&.@

-8&6% .7% ]lH A5- -.8(( .7% (5$,%-. +&8#&B M+$.7%$ 6#&6%--8#&- ?; .7% ]lH 8&6(+)%).7% %&) #= .7% =%)%$5.%) -;-.%9 #= 3=$%% 9+&868>5(8.8%-C 5&) .7% 6$%5.8#& #= 9#$%

-.$5.8=8%) %&.8.8%-B H7% >56. A5- 3.7% 95\#$ 5?5&)#&9%&. #= >$%:8#+- >$8&68>(%- 5&)8)%5(- #= 8& .7% 8)%#(#,865( %:#(+.8#& #= O>5&8-7 5&5$67#N-;&)865(8-9BCX2O7#$.(; 5=.%$

.7% -8,&8&,@ .7% ]lH 5&) U'H )8) %&.%$ .7% 65?8&%. #= W+5& l%,$8&XKB R+. A8.7

#&,#8&, 98(8.5$; )%:%(#>9%&.-@ .7% $%5(8V5.8#& #= .7% 5&5$678-.N-#685(8-. >$#,$59>5--%) .# 5 :%$; -%6#&)5$; >(5&%B H7% ]lH@ .7% 5&5$678-. +&8#& A8.7 9#$% .75& 5

98((8#& 9%9?%$-@ A#+&) +> 5==8$98&, .$5)8.8#&5( &5.8#&5( >5.$8#.8-9B

T& *>$8( d 1J2a@ M$5&6#Y- .$##>- )$#:% .# .7% P%)8.%$$5&%5&@ 6+..8&, .7% E%>+?(86 8&

75(=B T& *>$8( 20@ .7% ]lH@ A78-.(8&, 8& .7% )5$#(86; =$#9 .7% l%,$8& ,#:%$&9%&.Y- 3.78$.%%&

>#8&.-C #= 8.- A5$ 589- I5>>5$%&.(; 9#)%(%) #& [##)$#A [8(-#&Y- M#+$.%%&

S#8&.-LXdB G& $%5(8.;@ )%->8.% 75:8&, 9#$% .75& 5 98((8#& 9%9?%$-@ .7% ]lH 75) ?%%&%(898&5.%) =$#9 5(( 89>#$.5&. 6%&.%$- #= >#A%$XXB G. 75) ?%%& 6#9>%((%) .#

$%+&6% 5(( )%95&)- =#$ .7% 36#99+&5(8V5.8#&C #$ 3-#685(8V5.8#&C #= (5&)B R#.7 .7%]S 5&) .7% STUP 75) ?%%& =#$ 9%$% &5.8#&5(8V5.8#&B H7% 5,$%%9%&. $%=(%6.%) .7%

A5- 5 .;>865( S]^NSOU] -.$5.%,%9 =#$ $%>(568&, +&A5&.%) =8,+$%-@ -#685(8-. #$5&5$678-.@ A8.7 9#$% >(85?(% >%#>(%B * STUP 6#995&)%$@ P8


27/31

/Q

]#99+&8-. 5>>%5(- .# -95(( 5&) 9%)8+9 (5&)7#()%$-@ A7# 75) ?%%& 21n #= 5(( ]S

9%9?%$- 8& M%?$+5$; 1J2QB l#&%.7%(%--@ 8& P5; 1J2a@ .7% 5&5$678-. >$%-- A5- -.8((6(5898&, .75. /000 =8$9- 75) 5)#>.%) .%$9- #= .7% 6#((%6.8:8V5.8#& )%6$%%B

*- H7#95- >+.- 8.@ 34?%=#$% .7% ->$8&, I#= 1J2aL@ *&5$678-. (%5)%$- 75) \+-.8=8%)

.7%8$ 56i+8%-6%&6% .# -# 95&; 7+98(85.8#&- ?%=#$% .7% ]#99+&8-.- ?%65+-% .7%; =%(.

.7%; A#+() ?% 5?(% .# 6#9% .# .%$9- 5=.%$ .7% A5$b ?+. .7% )8-5-.%$- 8& *$5,#& 75)6(%5$(; -+,,%-.%) .75. .7% A5$ 98,7. ?% (#-.B H7% 6$8-8- 8& .7% 9#:%9%&. .7%$%=#$%

,$+9?(%) #& 5(( .7% -+99%$@ %:%& 9#$% 8&.%&-%(; =%(. ?%65+-% 9%9?%$- #= .7% ]lH

-.8(( 7%() >#-8.8#&- 8& .7% ,#:%$&9%&.@ =$#9 .7% ]5?8&%. )#A&A5$)-BCXQ

IG& =56.@ -#9% E%>+?(865& >#(8.8685&- =5:#$%) )$5,,8&, #+. .7% (#-8&, A5$ 8& .7%?%(8%= .75. .7% 89>%&)8&, #+.?$%5< #= [#$() [5$ GG A#+() #?(8,% .7% *((8%- .#

8&.%$:%&% #= .7% -8)% #= .7% E%>+?(86B O.5(8&@ 9%5&A78(%@ A5- (#-8&, 8&.%$%-. 8& O>58&

5- 7% >$%>5$%) #:%$.+$%- .# '%$95&;@ $%-+(.8&, 8& .7% O.5(8&ND8.(%$ S56. #= *+,+-.1J2JBL

*- 8= .# )$8:% 7#9% .7% &%A ?5(5&6% #= =#$6%-@ 8& P5; 1J2a dd00 #= Q000 >$#9#.8#&-8& .7% 5$9; A%$% ]#99+&8-. S5$.; 9%9?%$-B G& W+(; 1J2a@ .7% (5-. 95\#$

E%>+?(865& #==%&-8:% #= .7% A5$ ?%,5& A7%& 8.- 5$98%- 6$#--%) .7% ^?$# $8:%$ 8&*$5,#&B X0n #= .7% .$##>- #& .7% =$#&. A%$% =$#9 .7% ]lHB O8&6% :8$.+5((; .7% %&.8$%

#==%&-8:% A5- 65$$8%) #+. +&)%$ ]#99+&8-. 6#995&)%$-@ 5&5$678-. +&8.- A%$% (%=.

#& .7% =$#&. =#$ (#&, >%$8#)- A8.7#+. $%-. @ A78(% ]S +&8.- A%$% $%-.%)B IP%5&A78(%@?%78&) .7% (8&%-@ A%((N5$9%) 5&) A%((N=%) *--5+(. '+5$)- 5&) 65$5?8&%$#- A%$% .

-%&. .# .7% =$#&. +&.8( =8&5( >75-% #= M$5&6#Y- 5..56< #& ]5.5(+&5BL T& l#: 1d 1J2a@5)98..8&, )%=%5.@ E%>+?(865& .$##>- A%$% A8.7)$5A& ?56< #:%$ .7% ?$#B G. A5- .7%

?%,8&&8&, #= .7% %&)B

H7% =8&5( 9#&.7- #= .7% A5$@ +> .# M$5&6#Y- =8&5( :86.#$; #& P5$67 21@ 1J2J@

8&:#(:%) 5& %&),59% #= E%>+?(865& 5..%9>.- .# -5(:5,% 5 &%,#.85.%) >%56%

-%..(%9%&.@ 5..%9>.- A7867 A%$% 6#&.%9>.+#+-(; )8-98--%) ?; M$5&6#B H7%-%9#&.7- A%$%@ 7#A%:%$@ 95$8-#)%@ .7% ]5-5)# 6#+> 5,58&-.

l%,$8&@ ?56$85 P%$5@ .7% 5&5$678-. 6#995&)%$ #= .7% Gq.7

*$9; '$#+>B

]#(#&%( O%,8-9+&)# ]5-5)# A5- 6#995&)%$ #= .7% *$9; #= .7% ]%&.%$ 8& P5)$8)B

D% A5- 75$)(; 5& +&59?8,+#+- =8,+$%@ ?+. A5- #>>#-%) .# l%,$8&Y- #-.%&-8?(% >(5&

.# =8,7. .# .7% ?8..%$ %&)@ %:%& 5- 95&; >%#>(% 8& 78- 65?8&%. A%$% 5($%5); ,%..8&,

>5-->#$.- 5&) >$%>5$8&, .# (%5:% =#$ M$5&6%B ]5-5)# 5$,+%) A8.7 l%,$8& =#$-+$$%&)%$@ >#8&.8&, .# .7% )%->%$5.% 95.%$85( 6#&)8.8#&- 8& P5)$8) 5&) 8& A75. A5-

(%=. #= .7% E%>+?(865& 5$9;B D8- $%5( A$5.7 A5- 589%) 5. .7% ]#99+&8-.-@ 5(-#65((8&, =#$ 5 =8,7. .# .7% %&)@ A7#9 7% 75) -%%& 5,58& 5&) 5,58& 9%))(% 8& 98(8.5$;

95..%$- =#$ .7%8$ #A& 5):5&.5,%B T& M%?$+5$; /a@ R$8.58& 5&) M$5&6% 75)

XQH7#95- >B XQdB O%,+&)# R(5&6# #= .7% ]lH ?%659% P8&8-.%$ #= ^)+65.8#& 5&)D%5(.7 8& P5$67 1J2aB


28/31

/a

$%6#,&8V%) M$5&6#B ]5-5)# (8&%) +> -+>>#$. 59#&, .#> &N]#99+&8-. 98(8.5$;

(%5)%$-@ 8&-8-.8&, .75. 7% 6#+() ,%. 5 ?%..%$ >%56% =$#9 M$5&6# .75& l%,$8&B ]lH6#995&)%$ ]8>$85 P%$5 9#:%) 78- .$##>- .# ]5-5)#Y- 7%5)i+5$.%$- 8& P5)$8) #&

P5$67 K@ 5&) 5 95&8=%-.# 5&+&68&, .7% 6#+> A5- ?$#5)65-. .75. &8,7.@ 5$,+8&,5,58& =#$ 5 &%,#.85.%) >%56%B T& .7% =#((#A8&, )5;@ ]#99+&8-. 6#995&)%$- 9#:%)

#& P5)$8) 5&) ?; P5$67 Q@ 9#-. #= P5)$8) A5- +&)%$ .7%8$ 6#&.$#(B D%5:; =8,7.8&,.##< >(56% #& .7% a.7B P%$5Y- .$##>- 65>.+$%) .7% ]S >#-8.8#&- #& .7% J.7B ]5-5)#Y-65?8&%.@ 5,58& A78-.(8&, 8& .7% )5$ >%56% .%$9- =#$ =+$.7%$ &%,#.5.8#&-

A8.7 M$5&6#B H7%-% 8&6(+)%) $%>$8-5(-@ $%->%6. -7#A& =#$ =8,7.8&, =#$6%-@

8&6(+)8&, #==86%$-@ 5&) .A%&.;N=8:% )5;- .# (%5:% O>58& =#$ 5(( A7# A8-7%) .# )# -#B *.$+6% A5- &%,#.85.%) A8.7 ?#.7 -8)%- 8& .7% ]5-5)# 6#+> $%.+$&8&, .# .7%8$ >#-8.8#&-

#= P5$67 /B *& %-.895.%) d000 E%>+?(865& .$##>- #& ?#.7 -8)%- 75) )8%) 8& .7%9%(%%B G& .7% :8%A #= 95&; 5&5$678-.-@ 8. A5- 5 65-% #= -#9%.78&, .75. -7#+() 75:%

75>>%&%) 8& P5; 1J2QB

]5-5)#@ A 8& 675$,% #= &%,#.85.8&, -+$$%&)%$ A8.7 M$5&6#@ .$8%) .# ,58& .89% .#

5((#A >%#>(% .# =(%%B 3M$5&6# %Z>$%--%) 78- >(%5-+$% .75. 7% A5- ?%8&, -5:%) u.7%.$#+?(% #= 6$+-78&, .7% ]#99+&8-.-BCXa]5-5)# 75) 5678%:%) 9#$% 6#&6%--8#&-.75& l%,$8&@ 5&) 75) #&(; A#& .89% =#$ .7% E%>+?(865& %(8.%@ ?+. . #$)8&5$;

>%#>(%@ .# (%5:% O>58&B T& P5$67 21@ 1J2J@ .7% 68:8( A5$ A5- #:%$B

NJJL >-? 0"# @-5A)(B C.'** !'A#* D,#5 !-3'8

3H7%$% -(#A(; =#$9%) 5 95,&8=86%&. +&8.; #= >%#>(% =$#9 5(( 6(5--%- 5&) 5((

>5$.8%- A7# +&)%$-.##)@ (88$8.5&) A8(( .# 6#&.$8?+.% .7%8$ 95&+5(@ 8&.%((%6.+5(@ 5)98&8-.$5.8:% #$ .%67&865( 7%(>

.# .7% 6#99#& >$#\%6.@ 75:% .78&, .# (#-%BC c8%,# *?5) )% O5&.8((5& P&)@0-P-)=*4 .$ Z0-))$ I1JK0L

T+$ 958& >+$>#-% 7%$% 75- ?%%& .# %Z>(#$% .7% 6#&-%i+%&6%- #= .7% )%65)%- (#&,

35>#(8.865(C 5&) 35&.8>#(8.865(C -.5&6% #= .7% O>5&8-7 5&5$678-. 9#:%9%&.B [% 8- #& H7#95-@ >>B Q2KNQddBXJO>%5(% #= .7% \+)8685$;@ *?5) )% O5&.8((5& .%- 5 ]lH >$#>#-5(.# 5?#(8-7 (5A;%$-B [7;@ 7% 5-%&%)s T() \+),%-

$%5>>%5$%) 5&) 3A% >+. 5& 8&-.$+9%&. 5. .7% -%$:86% #= .7% 6#+&.%$N$%:#(+.8#&A7867 A% #+$-%(:%- 75) $%:5(#$8V%)BC I#>B 68.B >>B a0Na1L


29/31

/J

9#:%9%&.- 8& .78$.; 6#+&.$8%-@ ?+. .7% 958& 65>8.5(8-. >#A%$- .7%9-%(:%- A%$%

A%5


30/31

20

&%6%--5$8(; 5&) #?:8#+-(; >#8&.- ?%;#&) 5&; 3(#65(8-.C -#(+.8#&-Q1@ -+67 5- .7#-%

A7867 #=.%& 7%() ?56< .7% 8&)+-.$85( 5&) 5,$5$85& 6#((%6.8:%- 8& O>58&B 78*#8- .7%6#&6$%.% .#.5(8.; #= .7% D%,%(NP5$Z 9%.7#)@ 356.8&, +>#& 8.-%(=C 8& .7% $%>$#)+6.8#&

#= .7% A#$()@ -.5$.8&, A8.7 .7% $%>$#)+6.8#& #= (5?#$ >#A%$B [% (##< 5. .7% 6#&6$%.%-.$+,,(%- #= .78- 3(5?#$ >#A%$ 8& 6#&.$5)86.8#& A8.7 8.-%(=C .75. *#65>8.5(@ =$#9 .7%

P5$8 .7% #8(@ A78(% 75:8&, 5- 9+67 6#&.$#( #:%$ .7%8$ 6#&)8.8#&- #= A#$< 5- 8->#--8?(% A8.78& 5 ,(#?5( 6##$)8&5.8#&B


31/31

+-% :5(+%@ 6%&.%$%) #& .7% $%>$#)+6.8#& #= .7% +(.895.% +-% :5(+%@ (5?#$ >#A%$@ 8-

>#--8?(%B H7% 98((8#&- #= 65$- 5&) .$+6$#)+6%) 5&&+5((; 95; 5>>%5$ %9>8$865((;5- 3+-% :5(+%-C .#)5;@ ?+. A% 9+-. 6#&-8)%$ .7%8$ $%5(8.; $%(5.8:% .# .7% %Z8-.8&,

>#.%&.85( #= 95-- .$5&->#$.5.8#&@ ?#.7 A8.78& 68.8%- 5&) ?%.A%%& .7%9@ .# )%.%$98&%.7%8$ .$+% 3+-% :5(+%C 8& .7% .#.5(8.;B H$+.7@ 5- D%,%( -7#A%) .A# 7+&)$%) ;%5$- 5,#@

8- 8& .7% A7#(%@ 5&) .7% $%:#(+.8#&5$; 9#:%9%&. 75- .# -.5$. 6#99+&865.8&, .7%5?#:% $%5(8.8%- .# ?$#5)%$ (5;%$-@ 5?#:% 5&) ?%;#&) &%Z. A%%#.%&.85( >$#)+6.8:8.; #= 95--%- #= A#$@ a00

=56.#$8%- 8& R5$6%(#&5@ .$5&-=#$9%) 8&.# 8&)+-.$85( 6#((%6.8:%-@ >##(%) .7%8$$%-#+$6%- .# 6$%5.% #&%@ +&)%$ .7% >$%--8&, &%%)- #= .7% A5$B *66#$)8&, .# =#$%8,&

98(8.5$; #?-%$:%$-@ .7% ]5.5(5& A#$$#)+6.8#& .75& M$5&6% 75) 5678%:%) 8& .7% =8$-.

.A# ;%5$- #= [#$() [5$ GB

D#>%=+((; #+$ $%:#(+.8#& A8(( . ?% ?+$)%&%) ?; .7% -59% +$,%&. &%%)- #= 68:8( A5$I.7#+,7 .75. 8- . .# ?% >$%6(+)%)LB H7% >#8&. 8- $5.7%$ .75. .$%9%&)#+- %&%$,8%-

5$% ?#..(%) +> 8& 65>8.5(8-. -#685( $%(5.8#&- .#)5; .75. 65&@ 8& .7% $8,7. 68$6+9-.5&6%-@.#.5((; .$5&-=#$9 A75. 5$% >%$6%8:%) 5- 3+-% :5(+%-C@ #&6% #$)8&5$; A#$%#>(%

-%% .7% 3?%567C +&)%$ .7% 3>5:%9%&.C@ 5- #&% -(#,5& 8& M$5&6% 8& P5; 1JXa >+. 8.B

* $%:#(+.8#&5$; #$,5&8V5.8#& .#)5;@ .# 6#&6(+)%@ 9+-. 5>>(; .78- 3D%,%(NP5$ZC -%&-%

#= .7% .#.5(8.; .# 8.-%(=B H78- 9%5&- =8$-. #= 5(( 5 9#)%-. 5>>$%685.8#& #= 8.- #A& .$+%-.5.+$%@ 8& .7% ?$#5)%$ ,(#?5( )%:%(#>9%&. #= .7% 36(5--N=#$N8.-%(=CB G. 9+-. $%6#,&8V%

.7% >$8956; #= .7% 3$%5( 9#:%9%&.C 5&) -%% 8.- 958& ,#5( 5- 8.- #A& 5?#(8.8#& 5- 5

-%>5$5.% ,$#+>8&,@ #&6% 8.- .5-(8-7%)B G. 9+-. 5..%9>. .# 6$%5.% A8.78&8.-%(= .7% 6(#-%-. >#--8?(% 5>>$#Z895.8#& #= .7% $%(5.8#&- #= 5 (8?%$5.%) 7+95&8.;

A8.78& 8.- #A& 8&.%$&5( (8=%@ A7867 9%5&- .7% )%%>%-. >#--8?(% 8&:#(:%9%&.@ 5?#:%5&) ?%;#&) .7% 8&)8->%&-5?(% )58(; .5-$#)+6.8:% =#$6%-@ 5&) =8$-. #= 5(( #= .7% A#$() A#$< =#$6%@ .# -%% .7% 95.+$5.8#& #=

.7% 9%.7#)- #= -.$+,,(%B G. 9+-. >$8#$8.8V% 38&.%$&5( %)+65.8#&C@ -.5$.8&, A8.7 .7%78-.#$; 5&) .7%#$; #= .7% $%:#(+.8#&5$; 9#:%9%&.B G. 9+-. 5..%9>. .# %9?$56%

%:%$;.78&, :5(8) 8& 6#&.%9>#$5$; 6+(.+$%@ -68%&6% 5&) .%67(#,;@ 5&) 5>>%5( .#.7#-% 6+(.+$5( 5&) .%67&865( -.$5.5 A7# -%% .7% &%%) .# (8&< .7%8$ =5.% .# .75. #= .7%

6#99+&8-. $%:#(+.8#&B G. 9+-. 56i+58&. 8.-%(= A8.7 98(8.5$; -.$5.%,;@ 8& .7% )8==%$%&.

.$5)8.8#&- #= ^&,%(-@ H$#.-5$%@ 8& 5 A#$)@ .7% ,$#+&)A#$< =#$ .7% .5$#)+6.8#&5&) $%>$#)+6.8#&B H7% ?%..%$ >$%>5$%) 8& 5):5&6% .7% 9#:%9%&. 8-@ .7% -9##.7%$

5&) (%-- :8#(%&. .75. .5

Documents

Loren Goldner - Spanish Revolution and Anarchism