Looking Glass World

8/22/2019 Looking Glass World

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Feedclo Ofass_erf`

Jy

Mbal`rasbkdbar Atbavafk


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Aff rcobts ier tbcs jeed ark wctb Hr, Mbal`rasbkdbar

Atbavafk, Pbcs jeed sbeuf` let jk `ewlfea`k` er prcltk`wctbeut kxprkss wrcttkl pkrhcsscel ei

Hr, Mbal`rasbkdbar Atbavafk,

Hr, Mbal`rasbkdbar Atbavafk

Ier aly mfarcicmatcel& k(hacf te]bkdbar,atbavafkNohacf,meh


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Pe hy `kpartk` iatbkr


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Ajeut Pbcs Jeed

C ah bappy te prksklt te tbk rka`krs& /Feedclo Ofass _erf`&/

hy skmel` k(jeed ei kssays, Aff tbk artcmfks clmfu`k` cl tbcs

jeed wkrk pujfcsbk` karfckr cl hy jfeo /Adsbar`beef/ karfckr,

Pbk wrctclos clmfu`k` bkrk& rkaffy spkadclo& ark hy vckws al`

ejskrvatcels& ajeut bappklclos cl etbkr meultrcks as skkl ireh

Cl`ca, Ksskltcaffy& tbksk ark fcdk hcrrer chaoks& sehktchks

`cstertk` jy tbk `kicmcklmcks ei tbk hcrrer, Bklmk tbk lahk4Feedclo Ofass _erf`,

Pbk artcmfks cl tbcs jeed ark ajeut haly sujgkmts& bcstery&

stratkocm rkfatcelsbcps jktwkkl meultrcks& armbakefeocmaf

trkasurks al` okeorapby, Ct cs a hcxturk wctbeut aly mehhel

tbrka`& stcff ei orkat cltkrkst te hk, C sclmkrkfy bepk tbat rka`krs

weuf` kxmusk hk ier famd ei mebkrklmk er a mehhel tbrka` cl

tbk jeed,

Hy icrst jeed& Kxmkss Jaooaok& was rkmkcvk` wkff el tbk

cltkrlkt, C bepk tbat tbcs jeed afse weuf` ieffew tbk ieetstkps

ei cts scjfclo,

^ulk& Cl`ca

:l` Auoust :>1=

Mbal`rasbkdbar Atbavafk


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((Cl`kx((

1, A Zea` tee iar 1

:, Pbk Beusk shkffs rettkl koos ;=, Pbk orkat oahk part CC 3

0, êcselclo Jalofa`ksb 10

;, Lkw oahk cl tbk kast 13

9, Kltkr tbk @raoel :0

?, ^cmdaxk al` ]bevkf war =>

2, Zejjclo ^ktkr te pay âuf =9

3, Pbk strelokst tadks aff 0:

1>, AJM ei hejcfk pbelk jaldclo ;0

11, ]trclo ei ^karfs7 a paralecàf cffuscel ;3

1:, Ouar`clo tbk ecf scfd reutk ?>

1=, Cts raclclo oee`cks cl Hyalhar 2>

10, ]colcicmalmk ei seit pewkr 23

1;, Zk` ifao up ier Jalofa`ksb& Cl`ca 33

19, Ifee`clo âdcstal 1>0

1?, Pbk ]abara Mreme`cfks 11=12, Jfkk`clo jer`krfal`s ei âdcstal 11?

13, Feedclo kast iurtbkr al` `kkpkr 1:;

:>, Pbk Apsaras ei Aloder 1=1

:1, Al` quckt ifews tbk Crrawa``y 1=3

::, 110= ykar ef` prcltk` jeed(@cahel` ]utra 100

:=, Dajuf Huskuh rkmevkrs 1;>

:0, Pee Fcttfk4 Pee fatk 1;=

:;, A Huskuh ei tbk Bkartjredkl 1;3:9, Ifewkrs jfeeh ireh a =:>>> ykar ef` iruct 19=

:?, Pka Maraval tracfs ei Pcjkt 199

:2, Gust ier a jar ei mbemefatk 1?>

:3, _rkstfkrs ei Deb Dkr 1?9

=>, ]tery ei tbk Jamtrcal Oef` 12=

((((((((((


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A Zea` tee iar!

Cl tbk jkocllclo ei tbkykar :>>3& a jct straloklkws was pujfcsbk` jy tbkCl`cal hk`ca, Ammer`clo tetbcs partcmufar lkws& HrBahc` Darzac & tbkprksc`klt ei Aiobalcstalal` Hr, ^ralaj Hudbargc&

tbk tbkl Kxtkrlaf AiiacrsHclcstkr& Oevkrlhklt ei Cl`ca& ba` gecltfy clauouratk` a :12Dh felo rea` ireh @kfarah " Mapctaf ei Lchreg ^revclmk clAiobalcstal# te Waralg & a tewl el tbk jer`kr jktwkkl Cral alÀiobalcstal, Pbk rea` was kltcrkfy melstrumtk` wctb iul`sprevc`k` jy Cl ca te tbk tulk ei []$1;> hcffcel al` was jucftmehpfktkfy jy Cl`cal kloclkkrs wctb hatkrcafs chpertk` ireh

Cl`ca, El tbk iamk ei ct& C wel`krk`& as te wby& a rea` jktwkklAiobalcstal al` Cral was jucft jy Cl`ca& wctb iul`s prevc`k`kltcrkfy jy Cl`cal Oevkrlhklt,

Pbcs rkaffy ha`k hk murceus al` C skarmbk` tbk lkt ier alypesscjfk rkikrklmks, C `c` icl` quctk a ikw al` rkafczk` tbat tbkpfal te melstrumt tbcs rea` was cl iamt a ialtastcm stratkocm hevkcl Cltkrlatcelaf êfctcms, A hager rea` lktwerd& maffk`

Lkmdfamk rea`& bas jkkl melstrumtk` cl Aiobalcstal& fcldclo affhager mctcks ireh Bkrat te Dalàbar(Dajuf(Hazar(c(]barci,Pbk mcty ei @kfarah& cs fematk` el tbcs rea` jktwkkl Bkrat al`Dalàbar, Pbcs lkw fcld rea` jucft jy Cl`ca& kiikmtcvkfymellkmts mcty ei Waralg& fematk` el Cralcal jer`kr& wctb affhager mctcks cl Aiobalcstal,Mcty ei Waralg& bappkls te jk gust Lertb eii& al` tbat tee letvkry iar& ireh Mbajabar& a jral` lkw êrt `kvkfepk` jy Cralcl Cl`cal Emkal, Cl iamt& Cral bas afrka`y melstrumtk` a jrcòk&

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amress Bkfhal` Zcvkr ifewclo lkar Waralg& al` a rea` irehtbkrk te Mbajabar êrt,

Cl rkafcty& jucf`clo tbcs fcld rea`& was a hager mbaffklok ierCl`ca, ]ehk =>> werdkrs al` Kloclkkrs ei Jer`kr Zea`sEroalczatcel ba` te put cl vkry bar` werd te mehpfktk tbcswerd, @uk te meltclueus tkrrercst amtcvctcks ei Pafcjal&prevc`clo skmurcty ier tbcs werd iermk& was a vkry teuob tasdal` was kiikmtcvkfy èlk jy ajeut 0>> Gawals ei Clè(PcjktJer`kr êfcmk, Ammer`clo te Jrco, ^,D,]kboaf& @crkmter ei tbcspregkmt& tbky meuf` kiikmtcvkfy werd ier elfy 0 te ; beurs kvkryày jkmausk ei meltclueus ùst sterhs al` tkhpkraturksrkambclo ;; `korkks Mkfscus, Pbk watkr rkqucrk` ier tbk werdsal` tbk werdkrs ba` te jk tralspertk` ireh felo `cstalmks, Askxpkmtk`& jkmausk ei `klcaf jy âdcstal& aff hambclkry al`hatkrcafs ier tbk pregkmt ba` te jk tralspertk` ireh Cl`ca te tbkêrt ei Jalàr(c(Ajjas cl Cral al` ireh tbkrk jy rea` evkr afelo `cstalmk te werd sctk,

_by tbcs rea` cs se chpertalt5 Aiobalcstal cs a fal` femdk`meultry, _bcmb hkals tbat aff tra`k bas te jk marrck` tbreuobsehk etbkr meultry5 @uk te vkry bcffy tkrracl cl Lertb& hest eitbk oee`s hevk jamd al` iertb ireh Aiobalcstal tbreuobDarambc pert cl âdcstal jy ^ksbawar Dbyjkr pass Dajufreutk, âdcstal mrkatks cliclctk luhjkr ei bur`fks cl tbcshevkhklt ei oee`s& fcdk let affewclo tbk oee`s te hevk ireh

Darambc ul`kr sehk prktkxt er etbkr, Pbkrk cs sujstaltcafpcfikraok ei oee`s& wbcmb icl` tbkcr way te ^ksbawar hardkt,âdcstal mal afse mrkatk clstalt sbertaoks ei ksskltcafmehhe`ctcks cl Aiobalcstal,

Pbcs lkw rea` lew `crkmtfy prevc`ks al kasckr al` sbertkraftkrlatcvk te âdcstal reutk, Ier Cl`ca& tbcs reutk cs ei

paraheult chpertalmk jkmausk cl tbk icrst pfamk& sclmk âdcstal

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rkiusks te affew aly Cl`cal oee`s te pass tbreuob el tbk wayte Aiobalcstal al` skmel`fy tbcs mal jkmehk tbk kltry pecltier tra`k wctb Mkltraf Ascal statks,

A Prcpartctk aorkkhklt was scolk` jktwkkl Cl`ca& Cral alÀiobalcstal cl :>>=, Ammer`clo te tbcs aorkkhklt& Cl`caaorkk` te bkfp wctb Pkmblefeoy al` Iul`s ier `kvkfephklt eiMbajabar pert al` a`geclclo rea` lktwerd, Cral bas eiikrk` tbkMbajabar pert te Cl`ca ier tra`k wctb Aiobalcstal al` MkltrafAscal statks at melmksscelaf ratks, Cral okts irkk usk ei

@kfarah(Waralg rea` ier tra`k wctb Mkltraf Asca, At Mbajabarpert& Aiobalcstal kxpertkrs okt 3>+ `csmeult el pert ikks al`;>+ rkùmtcel cl warkbeusk mbaroks, Aiobal trumd epkratersbavk jkkl ocvkl iuff ammkss el rea`s cl Cral, Ct cs cltkrkstclo teletk tbat âdcstal afrka`y bas jkkl iermk` te rkùmk pertmbaroks at Darambc& ùk te mehpktctcel, Cl iamt& tbcs cs a wcl(wcl sctuatcel ier aff,

=


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Cral bas sclmk `kmfark` tbk Mbajabar pert as irkk tra`k arka&hadclo tbclos kvkl kasckr ier melmkrlk` partcks, Aletbkrcltkrkstclo aspkmt ei Mbajabar pert cs& cts vcmclcty te Owaàr

pert& jkclo `kvkfepk` jy âdcstal wctb bkfp ireh Mbcla,Mbajabar pert cs fematk` gust wkst ei Owaàr pert, ^fallkrs clâdcstal ark afrka`y tafdclo ei pesscjfk prkikrklmk jy sbcppclofclks te Mbajabar& jkmausk ei Jafeembc ulrkst cl âdcstal,Ier Cl`ca& tbcs cs a fal`hard kvklt& as tra`k wctb Aiobalcstalal` mkltraf Asca le felokr `kpkl`s el wbchs ei âdcstal al`mal orew te aly kxtklt, Aff tbcs bas jkmehk pesscjfk jkmausk

ei orkat ierkscobt sbewl jy Cl`cal Oevkrlhklt al` tkrrcicmwerd jy Jer`kr Zea`s Eroalczatcel, Hy bats eii te tbeskstratkocm pfallkrs cl tbk Oevkrlhklt al` afse te werdkrs eiJZE al` CPJI wbe uliertulatkfy fest tkl ei tbkcr pkrsellkf cltbcs bazarèus gej,

1> Gufy :>>3

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17/212

Pbk Beusk shkffs rettkl koos!

Gust chaoclk& tbat yeu bavk purmbask` a jral` lkw aparthklter a beusk wctb a jco feal ireh a jald, Seu bavk tbrewl aoral` beusk warhclo party& wbkrk yeu clvctk` aff yeur irckl`sal` wkff(wcsbkrs, Seu hevk clte tbk beusk aitkr tbat& bepclote bavk a wel`kriuf tchk cl tbk beusk wctb yeur iahcfy, Aitkrikw àys& yeu ark berrcick` te icl` tbat tbk beusk shkffs eirettkl koos aff tbk tchk, ^rksuhclo tbat tbk shkff hust jkmehclo ireh tbk irksb meat ei paclt& yeu usk irksbklkrs&

`keèralts al` kssklmk stcmds, Jut te le avacf& tbk shkffrkiusks te oe, Aitkr ikw herk àys& yeu letcmk tbat aff yeuriahcfy hkhjkrs ark bavclo sehk er etbkr prejfkh wctbjrkatbclo, ]ehk bavk je`y rasb, Pbkl yeu su``klfy icl` euttbat tbk lkw acrmel yeu bavk clstaffk`& bas afrka`y startk`rustclo,

_bat weuf` yeu è5 Seu weuf` ikkf aooravatk`& oktirustratk`& al` jfahk yeur hcsiertulk, Iclaffy& yeu weuf``kmc`k te skff eii tbk beusk wctb kxtrkhk rkfumtalmk, Pbkl yeuicl` eut tbat aff tbk lkw beusks jucft rkmkltfy& bavk tbk sahkprejfkhs al` le elk rkaffy walts te juy tbkh, Pbcs cs let alchaoclary smklarce, Cl [,],A,& beusks rkmkltfy jucft cl as halyas := statks& ark iamclo tbcs prejfkh, Pbk prejfkh bas jkmehkse skrceus lew tbat [,],Melorkss bas appecltk` a 10(hkhjkr

mehhcttkk& te feed clte tbk orckvalmks ei tbk beusk ewlkrs,

A hkhjkr ei tbcs mehhcttkk bas ieul` eut tbat tbk `wkffkrs cltbksk beusks ark let elfy suiikrclo ireh `cskasks fcdkJrelmbctcs al` ^lkuhelca jut afse tbk prkolalt hetbkrs irehsumb beusks& ark jkclo a`vcsk` jy @emters te hevk eut,

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Pbcs mehhcttkk bas afrka`y rkmkcvk` orckvalmks ireh as halyas 2:> beusk ewlkrs, Ajeut :>>> fkoaf suctks aoaclst jucf`krsal` suppfckrs& ark pkl`clo cl varceus meurts cl [,], Gust cl tbkstatk ei Ifercà& tbkrk ark at fkast 0>> sumb beusks al` ct cskstchatk` tbat tbk rkpacrs hay mest areul` []$ 0> hcffcel,_bat kxamtfy cs tbk reet ei tbk prejfkh5 Beusks cl [] al`

Kurepk ark let melstrumtk` tbk way wk è ct cl Cl`ca, Pbkmelstrumtcel usuaffy starts wctb ieulàtcel `ctmbks, Farokwee`kl mefuhls ark krkmtk` cl tbksk `ctmbks afelo wctbmelmrktk, A wee`kl strumturk cs jucft areul` tbksk ieulàtcelmefuhls, Pe melstrumt tbk waffs& pfy jear` sbkkts ark lacfkìreh eutsc`k icrst, Lkxt te tbksk& Oypsuh `rywaffs er sbkktsha`k ireh mehprkssclo tbk hclkraf Oypsuh& ark icxk`, Aitkrmehpfktcel ei pfuhjclo al` wcrclo& pfy jear` sbkkts ark aoacl

lacfk` ireh clsc`k te mehpfktk tbk waffs, Pbk Oypsuh

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`rywaffs& icxk` jktwkkl tbk wee`kl jear`s& clsc`k tbk waffs&appkar te jk tbk rkaf mausk ei tbk prejfkh,

[ltcf ieur er icvk ykars aoe& tbksk Oypsuh sbkkts usk` te jkha`k cl tbk []A, Pe rkùmk mests& jucf`krs startk` chpertclosumb sbkkts ireh Mbcla, Ct cs ejskrvk` tbat tbksk mbcla ha`kOypsuh `rywaffs& sfewfy rkfkask sufpbur `cexc`k oas& cl tbkbeusk, Pbcs oas shkffs fcdk rettkl koos& al` cs kxtrkhkfymerrescvk, Pbcs cs mrkatclo prejfkhs ier pfuhjclo al` wcrcloas wkff& wbcmb ark fac` lkxt te tbksk sbkkts, Ct cs let tbat hagerprejfkhs bavk jkkl ejskrvk` ier tbk icrst tchk wctb a Mbclkskpreùmt, ]krceus prejfkhs wkrk `ktkmtk` karfckr wctb Clialt

ierhufa& teetbpastks al` pkt iee`s, Pbksk prejfkhs wkrksefvk` jy tadclo tbk preùmts eii tbk sterks sbkfvks, Bewkvkr&9,: hcffcel Oypsuh sbkkts bavk jkkl chpertk` cl tbk [] irehMbcla al` tbksk bavk jkkl icxk` clsc`k tbk beusk waffs,Merrkmtcvk amtcel cl tbcs mask tbkrkierk& cs let vkry schpfk,Ct cs kstchatk`& tbat at fkast :> Oypsuh `rywaff haluiamturkrscl Mbcla& hay jk hadclo tbksk shkffy Oypsuh `rywaffs,Hclkraf Oypsuh ier tbksk haluiamturkrs& mehks haclfy ireh

Fulklo hclk cl ]balèlo prevclmk ei Mbcla,

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Pbcs hclkraf Oypsuh& bas a bcob pkrmkltaok ei sufpbur cl ct,Famd ei aly quafcty meltrefs hkals& tbat tbkrk cs le way jywbcmb& tbk chpertkrs mal klsurk& tbat tbk haluiamturkrs arkrkhevclo tbk sufpbur tramks& ireh tbk hclkraf jkierk usk,Melorksscelaf mehhcttkk& Mbclksk haluiamturkrs& Oevkrlhkltei Mbcla cs lew `csmussclo te icl` eut wbe cs te jfahk, _besbaff pay mehpklsatcel5 Ct cs bepk` tbat sehk way hay jkieul` eut cl lkar iuturk,

Bewkvkr& ier tbesk tbeusal`s ei beusk ewlkrs al` tbkcr iahcfyhkhjkrs& wbe& clstka` ei klgeyclo tbkcr lkw beusk& bavk jkklsujgkmtk` te pbyscmaf bar`sbcps& hk`cmaf bazar`s al` hkltafterturk al` aoely& wbe weuf` mehpklsatk tbkh5

:1 Auoust :>>3

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Pbk Orkat Oahk ârt CC

Aitkr al cltkrvaf ei ajeut icitkkl heltbs& fast wkkd al attkhptwas ha`k aoacl& te jehj tbk Cl`cal Khjassy cl Dajuf&Aiobalcstal, A schcfar kiiert& ha`k cl Gufy :>>2& ba` mausk`humb àhaok te tbk melsufatk prepkrty al` Icity Kcobt Cl`calal` Aiobalc pkrsellkf ba` fest tbkcr fcvks, Fkarlclo a fksselireh tbat jehjclo& tbk eutkr waff ei tbk khjassy was wkffiertcick` afelo tbk pkrchktkr, As a rksuft& fast wkkds attamd&elfy mausk` sehk hcler àhaok te tbk eutkr waff al` twe

CPJI skmurcty ouar`s ba` hcler clgurcks, [liertulatkfy& halyAiobalc mctczkls stal`clo eutsc`k tbk khjassy& fest tbkcr fcvks,

Cl al kxamtfy schcfar hallkr te tbk prkvceus jehjclo attkhpt&a Pafcjalc eutict chhk`catkfy ammkptk` tbk rkspelscjcfcty iertbcs oruksehk attamd, Karfckr cl Gufy :>>2& tbk AiobalOevkrlhklt ba` squarkfy jfahk` tbk âdcstal Cltkffcoklmk

eroalczatcel C]C& as tbk hacl pkrpktuater ier tbk jehjclo, Iertbcs rkmklt attkhpt tee& âdcstalc C]C cs jkfckvk` te jk tbk haclsuspkmt& kvkl tbeuob Pafcjal bavk ammkptk` tbk rkspelscjcfcty,Pbcs racsks tbk qukstcel as te wby tbk Cl`cal Khjassy cs jkclotaroktk` ier tbksk jehjclos, _batkvkr hay jk tbk hetcvk eitbk attamdkrs& cllemklt Aiobal mctczkls ark ha`k te jkar tbkjrult ei tbcs `ka`fy al` bkcleus amt,Aff tbreuobeut kcobtkkltb al` lclktkkltb mklturcks& Klofal`

al` Zussca& tbkl tbk hest èhclalt Kurepkal pewkrs& ba`trck` te kstajfcsb tbkcr bkokhely evkr Cl`cal ]uj Meltclklt,Klofcsb summkk`k` cl okttclo te Cl`ca jkmausk ei tbkcr ]kaêwkr, Bewkvkr& tbk Zusscals lkvkr rkaffy oavk up ier a felotchk, Pbky mfkarfy achk` te `csfeòk tbk Jrctcsb ireh Cl`ca,Pbky ba` èhclatk` tbk kltcrk Mkltraf Asca al` ba` jreuobttbkcr Messamds& rcobt up te tbk Aiobalcstal Jer`krs,Hkalwbcfk Jrctcsb& lew icrhfy kltrklmbk` cl Cl`ca& baàfrka`y ieuobt tbrkk Aiobal wars al` ba` halaok` te bavk

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22/212

vkry irckl`fy rkfatcelsbcp wctb tbat meultry, Jetb tbkskmeultrcks wkrk iuffy awark tbat meltref evkr Aiobalcstal& wastbk dky te tbkcr iclaf vcmtery, Iclaffy& Zusscals rkafczk` tbat ct

weuf` jk chpesscjfk ier tbkh te meltref Aiobalcstal aoaclstsumb strelo Klofcsb clifuklmk cl tbat meultry, Klofal` al`Zussca iclaffy scolk` a trumk& fchctclo tbkcr spbkrks eiclifuklmks& Zussca cl Mkltraf Asca al` Jrctcsb cl Cl`ca, Pbkyaorkk` te dkkp Aiobalcstal as tbk juiikr zelk jktwkkl tbkcrkhpcrks, Haly bcstercals maff tbk halkuvkrs& wbcmb wklt elier twe mklturcks& as Pbk Orkat Oahk,Cl`ca aitkr cl`kpkl`klmk& clbkrctk` tbk oee` al` mer`cafrkfatcelsbcp `kvkfepk` jy Jrctcsb wctb Aiobalcstal al`meltcluk` te lurturk tbk sahk ultcf 13?3, Cl tbat ykar& Zusscalsclva`k` Aiobalcstal as a mef` war hevk, Pbk hevk waswc`kfy mrctcmczk` jy tbk cltkrlatcelaf mehhulcty, Bewkvkr iersehk ejfcoatery rkasels "wbcmb bavk jkkl dkpt skmrkt#& Cl`casuppertk` tbcs clvascel al` meltcluk` suppertclo ct ultcf tbkZusscals wkrk iermk` te fkavk tbk meultry, Cl tbcs pkrce`&

Cl`ca oee` wcff cl Aiobalcstal teumbk` remd jetteh, Pbcspkrbaps turlk` eut te jk tbk werst stratkocm krrer el part eiCl`ca,âdcstal teed iuff a`valtaok ei tbcs stratkocm jful`kr jy Cl`ca,A lkw rkfcocel jask` ma`rk ei iulàhkltafcst Aiobalcs& waslurturk` al` bkfpk` jy âdcstal, Pbky wkrk prevc`k` wctbarhs ejtaclk` ireh [lctk` ]tatks, Pbksk Pafcjal icobtkrs&sfewfy teed evkr kltcrk seutbkrl Aiobalcstal& `rcvclo tbk

Zusscals eut,Aiobalcstal cs a fal`femdk` meultry, Ier ammkss te ]ka êrts&ct bas afways jkkl bkavcfy `kpkl`k` el âdcstal, Aiobalcstalafse ba` le haluiamturclo clùstrcks ei cts ewl, Ier aff tbkskrkasels al` a vkry irckl`fy Pafcjal Oevkrlhklt cl ]kat&âdcstal jkmahk tbk hest vafuk` affky ei Aiobalcstal,âdcstal afse was tbk elfy meultry& wbcmb ba` rkmeolczk`

Pafcjal rufk, Pbclos jkmahk se humb cl âdcstals iaveur& tbat

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23/212

haly âdcstalc eiicmcafs startk` melsc`krclo Aiobalcstal aspart ei âdcstal, El tbk etbkr sc`k& Cl`cas rkfatcelsbcp wctbPafcjal teed a èwl turl aitkr al Cl`cal acrmrait was ajùmtk`

al` was affewk` te fal` cl Dalàbar, Ct sehkbew dkpt a shaffstadk cl Aiobalcstal afcvk jy suppertclo tbk iermks ei LertbkrlAffcalmk& wbcmb meltreffk` a shaff lertbkrl part eiAiobalcstal,Cl`ca oet a jrkad cl :>>1& wbkl Lertbkrl Affcalmk iermks&ac`k` jy [lctk` ]tatks halaok` te `kikat Pafcjal al` teedevkr tbk meultry, Pbcs tchk Cl`ca amtk` prehptfy& al` wctboee` stratkocm pfallclo& teed kiikmtcvk stkps te chprevk bkrstatus cl Aiobalcstal, Ct epklk` twe lkw melsufatks cl Bkratal` Hazbar(k(]barci al` rkepklk` twe etbkrs cl Dalàbar al`Gafafaja`& wbcmb ba` jkkl sbut sclmk 13?3, Cl`ca afse jkmahkelk ei Dajufs fka`clo èlers jy pfkòclo $1,:jl el bkfpclorkjucf` tbk meultrys sbattkrk` clirastrumturk, Iul`s bavk jkklmehhcttk` ier kùmatcel& bkaftb& pewkr al`tkfkmehhulcmatcels, Pbkrk bas afse jkkl helky cl tbk ierh ei

iee` ac` al` bkfp te strklotbkl oevkrlalmk, Cl`ca cs jucf`clotbk meultrys lkw parfcahklt jucf`clo& krkmtclo pewkrtralshcsscel fclks cl tbk lertb& al` jucf`clo herk tbal :>>dh"1:; hcfks# ei rea`s, Ct cs `cooclo tujk wkffs cl scx prevclmks&rullclo salctatcel pregkmts al` hk`cmaf hcsscels& al` werdcloel fcobtclo up 1>> vcffaoks usclo sefar klkroy, Cl`ca bas afseocvkl at fkast tbrkk Acrjus pfalks te Aiobalcstals acfclolatcelaf acrfclk, ]kvkraf tbeusal` Cl`cals ark kloaok` cl

`kvkfephklt werd,

Cl Galuary& Cl`ca mehpfktk` jucf`clo tbk :12dh Waralg(@kfarah bcobway cl seutb(wkst Aiobalcstal lkar tbk Cralcaljer`kr, Pbcs rea` vcrtuaffy kl`k` Aiobalcstals mehpfktk`kpkl`klmk el âdcstal ier ammkss te ]ka êrts,

11


24/212

Cl Hay& al Cl`ca(ha`kpewkr tralshcsscel fclk te

Dajuf al` a suj(statcelwkrk epklk`& jrcloclo :0(beur kfkmtrcmcty te tbkmapctaf ier tbk icrst tchk cl1? ykars, Pbk lkwparfcahklt jucf`clo clDajuf al` a lkw àh cl

Bkrat sbeuf` jk rka`y jy lkxt ykar, Cl`ca bas ha`k iuff usk eiJeffywee` icfhs al` Cl`cal P,Y, ]krcafs& wbcmb cl aly mask arkkxtrkhkfy pepufar cl Aiobalcstal& te chprevk bkr seit pewkr cltbat meultry jksc`ks ]mbefarsbcps awar`k` te Aiobalc stu`kltsier stu`yclo cl Cl`cal [lcvkrsctcks, As a rksuft& jcfatkraf tra`kjktwkkl twe meultrcks bas orewl rapc`fy& rkambclo te herktbal $=;2h cl :>>?(:>>2,

âdcstal bas jkkl kxtrkhkfy suspcmceus al` ulkasy ajeutclmrkasclo Cl`cal clifuklmk cl Aiobalcstal, Aitkr melsufatks clBkrat al` Dalàbar wkrk rkepklk`& ct mfachk` tbat Cl`ca cscltkrikrclo cl âdcstals Jafembcstal prevclmk tbreuob tbkskmelsufatks, Aiobalcstal rkgkmtk` tbcs mfach, âdcstal ikkfs tbatCl`ca cs tadclo evkr Aiobalcstal al` ^rksc`klt Darzac cs dlew(tewclo te Cl`ca& as bk was kùmatk` cl Cl`ca, ]bk afse icl`s bkrewl clifuklmk& `wcl`fclo at al afarhclo ratk,

Ct tbkrkierk appkars tbat tbk âdcstal Cltkffcoklmk eroalczatcelC]C afelo wctb Pafcjal ark pfettclo te mrkatk treujfk ier Cl`calahjctcels cl Aiobalcstal, Femaf Pafcjal ark jfahk` ierattamdclo al` dc`lappclo Cl`cals cl tbk meultry, Pbkrk bavkjkkl kxpfescels al` orkla`k attamds el tbk Cl`cal melsufatkscl Bkrat al` Gafafaja`, Cl Galuary :>>2& twe Cl`cal al` 11

Aiobal skmurcty pkrsellkf wkrk dcffk` al` skvkraf clgurk` cl al

1:


25/212

attamd el tbk Waralg(@kfarah rea`, Cl Levkhjkr :>>;& a `rcvkrwctb Cl`cas statk(rul Jer`kr Zea`s Eroalczatcel wasajùmtk` al` dcffk` jy tbk Pafcjal& wbcfk werdclo el tbk rea`,

Pbk attamds el Dajuf melsufatk cl :>>2 al` :>>3 sbeuf` jkmelsc`krk` el tbcs jamdoreul`,

Ct jkmehks apparklt tbat schcfar te tbk Orkat Oahk pfayk` jyJrctcsb al` Zusscals cl Kcobtkkltb al` Lclktkkltb mklturcks&âdcstal al` Cl`ca ark tryclo a lkw Orkat Oahk ârt CC wctbAiobalcstal rkhaclclo tbk prczk& te jk wel, Cl tbk meltclueusifcp(ifep ei tbcs oahk& Cl`ca skkhs te bavk al uppkr bal` lew,Pbclos meuf` mbalok `rahatcmaffy& ci cl iuturk& Pafcjalrkmapturks pewkr cl Aiobalcstal, Pbk Orkat Oahk part CCweuf` bavk tbkl tadkl aletbkr [(turl,

19 Emtejkr :>>3

1=


26/212

êcselclo Jalofa`ksb

Jalofa`ksb cs elk ei tbk rcmbkst meultrcks ei tbk werf` cl_atkr rkseurmks, ^kr mapcta avacfajcfcty ei watkr cs pkrbaps

bcobkst cl tbat meultry, Ct bas a hager rcvkr systkh ei tbk werf`

melscstclo ei Jrabhaputra rcvkr al` haly farok sujsc`cary

rcvkrs fcdk â`ha, Cl a``ctcel tbk meultry okts jeultciuf racl

iaff ier afhest scx te kcobt heltbs ei tbk ykar,

Jalofa`ksb rcvkr systkhs fctkraffy peur jcffcels ei fctkrs ei

watkr cl tbk meultry, Skt aff tbcs watkr skkhs te jk barhclo

tbcs peer meultry clstka` ei jkclo jklkicmcaf te cts pkepfk al`

kmelehy, Kvkry ykar tbk rcvkrs marry klerheus aheults ei

ifee` watkrs te Jalofa`ksb, Pbk meastaf rkocels iamk

meltclueus àlokrs ei Mymfelks al` Pypbeels, Pbksk tkl` te

ifee` tbk meastaf arkas àhaoclo mreps al` petajfk watkr

seurmks, _ctb se humb watkr kvkrywbkrk& le elk weuf`

10
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27/212

jkfckvk& tbat tbk peer mctczkls ei tbcs meultry& iamk `rcldclo

watkr sbertaoks reul` tbk ykar, Pe meltref rcvkr ifee` watkrs&

hal ha`k watkr pel`s ark tra`ctcelaffy jucft kvkrywbkrk cl

tbcs meultry, _bklkvkr rcvkrs ark ifee`k`& tbksk pel`s ajserjtbk kxtra watkr,

]clmk fast ikw ykars& ct bas jkkl ieul` tbat tbk pkepfk wbe

`rcld tbcs pel` watkr tkl` te okt scmd al` suiikr ireh stralok

`cskasks, ]yhptehs clmfu`k vcefklt stehamb pacls al`

vehctclo& `carrbka& melvufscels al` mrahps, A farok èsk mal

dcff eutrcobt& Meltclueus felo tkrh usk mal fka` te malmkr ei

tbk jfa``kr& dc`lky& fulo er sdcl, Cl sehk masks syhptehs

appkar& cl tbk ierh ei sdcl fkscels, Pbk syhptehs mfkarfy

sbewk` tbat tbk pel` watkr was meltahclatk`, Al `ktacfk`

mbkhcmaf alafyscs was marrck` eut al` tbk rksufts kxpfaclk` tbk

wc`k sprka` `cskasks, Pbk pel` watkr ba` humb bcobkr

pkrmkltaok ei kfkhklt Arsklcm tbal tbk saik fkvkf ei ;>

hcmreorahs pkr fctkr, Pbcs alafyscs prevk` tbat tbk peer pkepfk

ei Jalofa`ksb wkrk sfewfy jkclo pecselk`, Pbcs pecselclo basjkmehk se wc`k sprka` lew& tbat eut ei tbk pepufatcel ei 10>

hcffcel& :; hcffcels ark cl `crkmt àlokr zelk, Cl tbk bcstery ei

tbk werf`& tbcs cs tbk icrst tchk wbkl sumb buok hass ei

buhalcty cs cl àlokr ei okttclo pecselk`,

]mckltcsts tryclo te icl` eut tbk rkasel ei tbcs prksklmk ei

Arsklcm cl pel` watkr& bavk ieul` eut tbk rkaf rkasel elfy

lew, [p te ykar 13?>& Jalofa`ksbc iarhkrs al` vcffaokrs bavkjkkl `rcldclo tbcs pel` watkr, A survky jy [LK]ME al`

_BE ieul` tbat tbksk pel`s wkrk meltahclatk` wctb

hcmreeroalcshs& wbcmb sprka` pkrhalklt kpc`khcms ei

`carrbka al` mbefkra,

1;


28/212

Ct was suookstk` tbat tbk pkepfk sbeuf` let `rcld meltahclatk`

pel` watkr al` sbeuf` `rcld suj secf watkr puhpk` eut ireh

jerk wkffs, [LK]ME al` _BE aoacl `kmc`k` te `co hcffcelsei wkff tbreuobeut tbk meultry te prevc`k saik `rcldclo watkr

19
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29/212

te at fkast 2>+ ei tbk pkepfk, Kcobt hcffcel sumb jerk wkffs

wkrk `uo, Pbk suj secf watkr jkclo puhpk` eut& lew appkars

te jk tbk rkaf mufprct ei Arsklcm pecselclo,

Kartbs mrust afways meltacls Arsklcm hktaf up(te fkvkf ei :

hcffcorahs pkr dcfeorah ei mrust, Pbcs Arsklcm mal mehjclk

wctb exyokl al` etbkr sumb rkamtcvk kfkhklt te ierh watkr

sefujfk Arsklcm mehpeul`s, _atkrs ei hager rcvkrs mal marry

tbksk mehpeul`s cl tbk watkr al` uftchatkfy `kpesct tbksk

afelo wctb hu` el tbk rcvkr `kftas, Zcvkr systkhs ei

Jalofa`ksb bavk jkkl `eclo kxamtfy tbcs ier hcffcels ei ykars

1?
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30/212

hadclo Jalofa`ksb secf rcmb cl tbksk mehpeul`s, Pbksk

mehpeul`s aoacl `cssefvk cl suj secf watkr al` wbkl cts cs

puhpk` eut& tbk tbk arsklcm safts afelo wctb watkr& ifew `ewl

te tbk ifee` meltref pel`s al` meltahclatk tbk watkr, Bcobpkrmkltaok ei meltahclatcel cl tbk pel` watkr bas jkkl mausk`

jy ykars ei suj secf watkr puhpclo,

Zkskarmb cs jkclo marrck` eut lew te `kvcmk icftkrs wbcmb mal

icftkr eut tbk Arsklcm meltahclatcels, Hkalwbcfk peer iefds

ireh Jalofa`ksb iamk tbk tbrkat ei okttclo pecselk` as tbky

bavk le etbkr mbecmk jut te `rcld pel` watkr el `acfy jascs,

13 Levkhjkr :>>3

12


31/212

Lkw oahk cl tbk kast

A lkws ctkh tbat appkark` cl lkwspapkrs rkperts ajeutsummkssiuf lkoetcatcels jktwkkl Cl`ca al` Hyalhar rkoar`clogeclt meer`clatk` hcfctary epkratcels cl Lertb(Kast al`Hyalhar& te ifusb eut Cl`cal kxtrkhcst iuoctcvks bc`clo cl tbk`klsk gulofks ei Hyalhar, Pbk lkws ctkh says iurtbkr tbat tbk]kmurcty iermks ei Cl`ca al` Hyalhar wcff mel`umt meer`clatk`epkratcels cl tbkcr rkspkmtcvk tkrrctercks cl tbk lkxt twe(tbrkkheltbs, Pbk ejgkmtcvk ei tbk epkratcel cs tbat le hcfctalt mal

ksmapk te tbk etbkr sc`k aitkr iamclo bkat cl elk sc`k, Pbkskmurcty iermks ei jetb Cl`ca al` Hyalhar wcff afse cltklsciytbkcr vcocf afelo tbk jer`kr te mbkmd shuoofclo ei arhs&larmetcm `ruos al` etbkr oee`s,

_bat cs letkwertby cs tbk mehhklt ei Cl`cal ulcel behkskmrktary tbat Hyalhar assurk` Cl`ca te a``rkss aff ei Cl`casskmurcty melmkrls al` prehcsk` te marry ierwar` tbk mer`caf

13
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32/212

rkfatcels jktwkkl tbk twe meultrcks, Jy ctskfi& tbk lkws ctkhbas le orkat scolcicmalmk kxmkpt ier irckl`fy amtcel jktwkkltwe lkcobjeurclo meultrcks, Bewkvkr tbcs aorkkhklt sbeuf`

jk skkl aoaclst tbk jamd`rep ei a lkws ctkh wbcmb appkark` clAuoust :>>3 hkltcelclo summkssiuf amtcel ei Hyalharshcfctary, Ammer`clo te tbcs rkpert& Hyalhar hcfctary baèvkrwbkfhk` al` `csarhk` tbk Dedalo rkjkf oreup& trcookrcloal kxeùs ei herk tbal =?&>>> rkiuokks clte Mbcla& prehptcloal ulusuaf eutjurst ei alokr ireh Jkcgclo, Pe rkafczk tbkscolcicmalmk ei tbcs& wk hay bavk te feed at tbk oreul` rkafctckscl Lertb(_kst Hyalhar,

El a hap& Lertbkrl Hyalhar feeds fcdk a wkòk clskrtk`jktwkkl Cl`cas Lertbkastkrl statks al` Sullal prevclmk eiMbcla, Gust amress tbk Mbclksk jer`kr&Hyalhars auteleheusstatk ei Dedalo cs fematk`, Pbk pepufatcel ei tbcs statk& wctb alarka ei ajeut 1>>>> squark dcfehktkrs& cs hestfy ei Mbclkskercocl wctb a farok pkrmkltaok ei Mbclksk Hcoralts, Dedalobas cts ewl rkocelaf arhy, Dedalo arhy cl affcalmk wctb ieuretbkr ktblcm arhk` oreups& ba` scolk` a trumk wctb Hyalhar

hcfctary cl 1323,

:>
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33/212

Bcstercmaffy& `cpfehatcm rkfatcels jktwkkl Hyalhar al` mbclawkrk lkvkr kxamtfy irckl`fy, Bewkvkr wctb Hcfctary tadkevkr

ei Hyalhar cl 139:& tbclos jkoal te mbalok, Mbcla jamdk`Hyalhar ieffewclo tbk jfee`y supprksscel ei pre(`khemramypretksts cl 1322& al` bas meltcluk` te stal` jy tbk oklkrafsal` skff tbkh arhs cl tbk iamk ei swkkpclo cltkrlatcelafsalmtcels, Zkfatcelsbcp jktwkkl Mbcla al` Hyalhar jascmaffycs a harrcaok ei melvklcklmk, Pbk Jurhksk rkfy el Mbcla ierhelky al` arhahklts& al` Mbcla usks cts pesctcel at tbk [,L,

]kmurcty Meulmcf te pretkmt Jurha te sehk kxtklt& cl rkturl ierwbcmb Mbcla okts ammkss te tbk meultrys laturaf rkseurmks al`okts a vecmk cl A]KAL& ei wbcmb Hyalhar cs a hkhjkr sclmk133?,

Pbk Dedalo auteleheus rkocel wctb 3>+ pkepfk ei Mbclkskercocl laturaffy ifeurcsbk` as rkfatcelsbcp jktwkkl tbksk twemeultrcks jfessehk`, Ct jkmahk a hager tra`k reutk jktwkkl

tbksk twe meultrcks wctb bcobway ireh Faeoac el tbk Sullal

:1
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34/212

jer`kr te Fasbfe& wbcmb cs tbk mapctaf ei ]bal statk clHyalhar& skkl evkrfea`k` wctb Mbclksk trumds jrcloclo cl aralok ei melsuhkr al` etbkr oee`s,

Pbcs tra`k bewkvkr cs meltreffk` kltcrkfy jy tra`krs ei Mbclkskercocl er jy Mbclksk wbe bavk hcoratk` te Hyalhar, Pbk

jcfatkraf tra`k bas orewl cl :>>2 te ajeut $:,9= jcffcel, Cl fatkEmtejkr& Mbclas ML^M startk` jucf`clo a mru`k ecf pert clHyalhar& part ei a pcpkfclk pregkmt, Feocmaffy ct was kxpkmtk`tbat Hyalhar weuf` ocvk ulqukstcelclo suppert te Mbcla claff cltkrlatcelaf hattkrs,Aff tbcs jelbehck jktwkkl Mbcla al` Hyalhar ejvceusfy basjkkl a orkat melmkrl ier Cl`ca, Cl iamt ikar was kxprkssk` clCl`ca tbat Mbcla cs tryclo te klmcrmfk Cl`ca, Ct appkark` tbat

aletbkr stratkocm oahk was `kvkfepclo el tbk kastkrl jer`kr eiCl`ca al` Mbcla ba` afrka`y oaclk` al uppkr bal`,Pbcs rkocel afse bappkls te jk tbk betjk` ei epcuh tra`k, Cliamt& `ruos ifew kascfy ireh Hyalhar clte Mbcla& iukfclo alAC@] kpc`khcm cl Sullal& `rcvkl jy tbk sbarclo ei `crtylkk`fks& as wkff as prestctutcel, Cl fast Auoust& a vcsct ei apefcmk party ei => eiicmkrs& oelk te clvkstcoatk `ruos traiicmdclo

ireh a femaf arhs iamtery cl Dedalo rkocel& `kvkfepk` clte a

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35/212

hager icobt jktwkkl Hyalhars arhk` iermks al` tbk preMbclksk Dedalo arhy, Pbcs rksuftk` clte a buok eutifew eiMbclksk hcoralts al` pkepfk ei Mbclksk ercocl te Lalskl

`cstrcmt cl Sullal, Ajeut =?>>> Mbclksk ifk` Dedalo,Mbclksk Oevkrlhklt rkspel`k` wctb eutjursts ei alokr aoaclstHyalhar, Pbcs jreuobt up aoacl preieul` suspcmcel ei Mbclacl Hyalhar& wbcmb `atks jamd te jkierk cl`kpkl`klmk irehtbk Jrctcsb cl 1302& cl spctk ei Jkcgclos evkrt suppert te ct cltbk past :> ykars er se,Hyalhar Oklkrafs ark vkbkhkltfy altc mehhulcst al` arksuspcmceus ei jallk` Mehhulcst party ei Jurha, Hest eitbkh bavk ieuobt cl tbk altc(mehhulcst%altc(Jkcgcloepkratcels cl tbk 13;>s al` 139>s, Cl tbksk epkratcels& Mbclksksef`ckrs werk Jurhksk Mehhulcst hcfctary ulcierh al` ba`partcmcpatk` cl amtuaf jattfks aoaclst tbk Jurhksk arhk` iermks,Cts `ciicmuft te melmkcvk a mbalok ei bkart el jkbafi ei tbkJurhksk oklkrafs tewar` Jkcgclo,Pbk aorkkhklt jktwkkl Cl`ca al` Hyalhar hust jk skkl cl

tbcs fcobt, Aitkr a wbcfk& Cl`ca skkhs te bavk a wcllclo bal`,Skt ct cs ejvceus tbat Hyalhars wcfy Oklkrafs ark awark eitbcs Lkw Oahk cl tbk kast al` skk tbat jkclo irckl`fy te Cl`cacs al chpertalt meultkrwkcobt te Mbcla, Hyalhars ierkcolrkfatcels afways rkifkmt tbat tbk Oklkrafs ark melstaltfy pfaycloelk eii tbk etbkr, Ct hust jk aorkk` tbat ct cs a vkry schpfk jutkiikmtcvk stratkoy& te dkkp kvkryelk mehclo aitkr yeu,_ctb Hyalhar Oklkrafs jkclo wcffiuf partlkrs cl tbcs oahk&

Cl`ca bas rkaffy le mbecmk jut te pfay tbk oahk,

:; Galuary :>1>

:=


36/212

Kltkr Pbk @raoel

C ba` lkvkr jkierk bkar` eiPrcsbufc rcvkr cl Lkpaf,Apparkltfy& ct cs a vkrypepufar rcvkr ier wbctkwatkr raitclo wctb ierkcolteurcsts vcsctclo tbatmeultry, Pbk rcvkr baspatmbks ei kxtrkhkfy iast

ifewclo watkr er rapc`s al`C jkfckvk tbat ct cs a orkat iul te rc`k tbk rcvkr cl rujjkr jeats erraits, Prcsbufc rcvkr ifews cl Lertb(]eutb `crkmtcel& gust telertb ei Datbhalù& tbk mapctaf ei Lkpaf& al` fatkr gecls tbkDafc er Ju`bc Oal`dc rcvkr,Fcdk haly rcvkrs ifewclo clte Lertb Cl`ca& Prcsbufc rcvkr afseercoclatks ireh Pcjkt, Cl Pcjkt& tbcs rcvkr cs maffk` Oycrelo er

Dycrelo Zcvkr, Ct mressks clte Lkpaf lkar a shaff bahfkt maffk`Zksue Pbkrk cs a shaff mbkmd(pest krkmtk` jy Mbclkskhcfctary at tbk jer`kr el a shaff kxcstclo tra`clo tramd afelotbk rcvkr, Elk mal kltkr clte Lkpaf ireh Pcjkt jy mressclo ashaff stkkf wcrk suspklscel jrcòk, Aitkr kltkrclo Lkpaf&lkarkst rea`(bka` cs at ]yajrujksc vcffaok& at a `cstalmk eiajeut skvkltkkl dcfehktkrs ireh tbk jer`kr,

Bcstercmaffy& Pcjkt al` Lkpaf bavk ieuobt haly wars, Pbktra`clo tramd afelo larrew Prcsbufc rcvkr oerok& afways ba`prevc`k` al kasy ammkss te Lkpaf ier Pcjktal clva`krs , Pbcsjer`kr eutpest bas jkkl tbkrkierk afways wkff pretkmtk`, Pbkrucls ei al ef` iert maffk` Zasua Oarbc stcff kxcst let vkry iarireh Zksue Mbkmd(pest, Le elk kxmkpt Lkpafc mctczklsclbajctclo cl tbcs arka& ark affewk` te oe lkar tbk jer`kr ermress ct, Lkarkst tewl ireh tbcs jer`kr cl Pcjkt cs afse lahkàitkr tbk rcvkr al` cs afse maffk` as Oycrelo, Pbk clbajctalts ei

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37/212

tbcs arka bavk jkkl tra`ctcelaffy oeclo te Oycrelo tewl clPcjkt ier juyclo aff tbkcr prevcscels,

Pbk `ays ei pepufarcty ei Prcsbufc rcvkr& as a wkff dlewl wbctkwatkr raitclo mkltkr& skkh te jk mehclo te al kl`, Melstrumtcelei a bcobway jktwkkl jer`kr mbkmd(pest at Zksue te Zea`(bka` at ]yajrujksc vcffaok cs iast lkarclo mehpfktcel, As pkraorkkhklt jktwkkl Oevkrlhklts ei Lkpaf al` Mbcla& tbcs 1?dcfehktkr felo strktmb ei bcobway cl Lkpaf Pkrrctery& cs jkclojucft jy Mbclksk melstrumtcel werdkrs, Pbk mest ei tbcs werd csjkclo jerlk jy Mbcla, Pbk tkrracl bkrk cs se gaook` al`

clammksscjfk tbat hager jfastclo al` remd rkhevclo werd cs

:;
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38/212

lkk`k`, Elk mal skk sumb jfastclo al` kxmavatclo werd oecloel tbcs patmb ei rea`, Ct cs kxpkmtk` tbat tbk Mbclksk weuf`bavk te spkl` ajeut []$ :> hcffcel te mehpfktk gust tbcs 1?

dcfehktkr felo patmb ei rea`,

Cl Pcjkt& tbcs bcobway weuf` kxtkl` up te Oycrelo tewl, Ahager rea` artkry bas jkkl afrka`y jucft jktwkkl Fbasa alÒycrelo, El tbk Lkpafksk sc`k a rea` afrka`y kxcsts jktwkkl]yajrujksc al` Datbhalù, Ct cs mfkar tbat as seel as bcobwayjktwkkl Oycrelo al` ]yajrujksc cs rka`y& a `crkmt heter(way

weuf` epkl jktwkkl Fbasa al` Datbhalù,

Kxpkmtatcels rul bcob cl tbcs rkocel as ct cs kxpkmtk` tbat tbkrea` weuf` prevc`k jco jeest te tra`k al` teurcsh jktwkklLkpaf al` Pcjkt, Femaf pkepfk ark kxpkmtclo khpfeyhklt &werd al` kasy ammkss te vast ralok ei melsuhkr oee`s irehMbcla& jkttkr Mbclksk jucft smbeefs el etbkr sc`k ei jer`kr al`cl oklkraf& jklkicts ireh Mbclksk wkaftb,

:9
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39/212

Bewkvkr tbk rkaf chpertalmk ei tbcs Oycrelo(]yajrujkscbcobway cs lkctbkr ajeut Lkpaf mellkmtcvcty ler Fbasa(Datbhal`u mellkmtcvcty,

Fbasa cs lew mellkmtk` te Rclobac prevclmk cl Mbcla jy al

kxmkffklt Bcobway, Zkaf jklkicmcary ireh tbcs rea` cs fcdkfy te

:?
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40/212

jk tbk Mbcla( Cl`ca tra`k& wbcmb bas afrka`y rkambkàstrelehcmaf prepertcels,

Pbkrk ark ejvceus apprkbklscels ajeut tbcs rea` cl Cl`ca& as a

heter(way tbat mal marry bkavy trumds fea`k` wctb tra`kòee`s mal afse marry sef`ckrs al` arheurk` vkbcmfks cirkqucrk`, Mbclksk ireltckr cs le felokr at sehk iar eii pfamk clFaàdb er Arulambaf ^ra`ksb, Ct bas su``klfy hevk` vkrylkar& gust Lertb ei @kfbc, Ier a hcffkllcuh tbk Bchafayalraloks bavk afways prevc`k` a skmurcty al` pretkmtcel tepkepfk ei Cl`ca ireh clva`krs mehclo ireh mkltraf Asca er

stkppk, Pbcs pretkmtclo jarrckr skkhs bavk jkkl lew pckrmk` jytbcs fatkst Mbclksk amtcel, Cl`ca lkk`s te tadk lkmkssary al`suctajfk meultkr stkps te saikouar` tbk meultry ireh alyhcsa`vklturks,

Mbclksk afse skkh te bavk werrcks al` apprkbklscels ajeuttbcs rea`, Pbkrk cs a sczajfk Pcjktal mehhulcty cl Lkpaf wbcmbjascmaffy melscsts ei `csorultfk` pkepfk wbe bavk rul away

ireh Pcjkt jkmausk ei tbkcr eppesctcel te Mbclksk emmupatcel

:2
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41/212

ei Pcjkt, Pbksk pkepfk& wbkl prevc`k` wctb sumb al kasyammkss te Pcjkt& ark kxpkmtk` te mrkatk treujfk ier tbk Mbclkskrkochk,

Pbk Mbclksk @raoel bas lew su``klfy appkark` el tbk `eer(stkps ei Cl`ca, _bktbkr ct weuf` jrclo tra`k al` prespkrcty tetbk rkocel er weuf` mrkatk bka` ambks al` prejfkhs cs ykt te jkskkl,

=1 Galuary :>1>

:3
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42/212

^cmdaxk al` ]bevkf war

Pbk Cl`cal Arhy cs aocoaltcm eroalczatcel wctb

1,= hcffcel amtcvk pkrsels el

tbk reffs, Luhkreus arhy

jattafcels er ulcts& marry eut

a pfktbera ei gejs aff evkr tbk

meultry& ireh saikouar`clo

tbk Cl`cal jer`krs te

jucf`clo rea`s, Ci elk csasdk` te icl` eut tbk rcsdckst

gej èlk jy tbk arhy ulcts&

al kasy way weuf` jk feed at iatafctcks cl varceus jattafcels

ùrclo say fast ykar, C afways tbeuobt tbat tbk Clialtry

jattafcels iamclo Cl`cas jer`krs wctb âdcstal er Mbcla& ark

marryclo eut tbk hest àlokreus gej al` tbk buhal iatafctcks

weuf` jk bcobkst cl tbksk jattafcels,

Bewkvkr tbk trutb cs quctk `ciikrklt, _k ark feesclo hkl wbe

prejajfy bavk lkvkr kvkl bkf` a oul cl tbkcr bal`s, Pbksk hkl

ark tbk pkrsellkf ei Jer`kr Zea`s Eroalczatcel al` lerhaffy

werd wctb a pcmdaxk er a sbevkf& sehkwbkrk el tbk bcob

aftctu`k rea`s lkar tbk Mbclksk jer`krs,

]pkadclo at a hkktclo bkf` fast heltb cl Ctalaoar& tbk bcffstatcel mapctaf ei Arulambaf ^ra`ksb& Fckutklalt Oklkraf HM

Ja`balc& tbk `crkmter oklkraf ei tbk Jer`kr Zea`s

Eroalczatcel& oavk a oravk ammeult ei tbk orukffclo fcvks ei bcs

hkl fcvclo al` werdclo cl suj(zkre mel`ctcels,

Pbksk jravk hkl bavk te suiikr spkffs ei felkfclkss& tetaffy mut

ei ireh tbkcr iahcfcks al` `kar elks, Pbky iamk meltclueusfy

vkry bcob strkss sctuatcels ul`kr suj(zkre mel`ctcels cl tbk

=>


43/212

`ksefatk arkas cl Bchafayas jer`krclo Mbcla& usuaffy ier a

pkrce` ei twe te tbrkk ykars& wbcmb tadks a vkry bkavy teff el

tbkcr bkaftb,

Cl heltb ei @kmkhjkr& evkr a sbert pkrce` ei 1> `ays& tbk ulct

fest 3 hkl `uk te tbksk barsb mel`ctcels, Ct cs let tbat elfy

buhal fcvks ark mut sbert cl sumb klvcrelhklt& kvkl tbk kartb(

hevclo hambclkry bas a fcik kxpkmtalmy wbcmb cs elfy elk

tbcr` ei tbk uskiuf fcik& elk mal kxpkmt cl etbkr pfamks, Aitkr

tbcs pkrce`& tbk hambclkry cs cl sumb a ja` sbapk tbat ct lkk`s

te jk sef` as smrap, Bewkvkr ct appkars lew& tbat tbk rea`

jucf`clo werd fea` el JZE cs jeul` te clmrkask jy sujstaltcaf

kxtklt,

Pbcs hkals tbat ier tbk hkl ei tbcs eroalczatcel& iuturk cs

oeclo te jk kvkl herk tkstclo tchk tbal at prksklt, Pe marry eut

kxpkmtk` werd cl sumb `ciicmuft tkrracl& ul`kr kxtrkhkfy bar`

=1
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44/212

al` barsb mel`ctcels& cs jeul` te jk a `aultclo tasd ier tbcs

eroalczatcel al` prksklts a rkaffy teuob mbaffklok ier tbk

Cl`cal Arhy,

JZE er Jer`kr Zea`s Eroalczatcel was cl iamt skt up& haly

ykars aoe te marry eut tbcs gej al` bavk jkkl `eclo tbcs werd

kvkr sclmk, Pbat jkclo tbk mask& elk wel`krs wby tbcs su``kl

spurt cl tbk amtcvcty, Cl iamt& sehk ei tbk icourks al` iamts

avacfajfk tkff us ajeut tbk haolctu`k al` uroklmy ei tbk tasd,@kiklmk hclcstry bas lew er`krk` JZE te jucf` clirastrumturk

rcobt afelo tbk 0>>> DH felo Mbclksk jer`kr wctb Cl`ca,

Pralspert ei bkavy kartb hevclo hambclkry te tbcs `ciicmuft

tkrracl cs al afhest chpesscjfk tasd, @urclo fast ykar JZE

waltk` =;>> Pels ei hambclkry te jk sbcitk` te tbcs rkocel, Cl

pramtcmk tbky meuf` hevk elfy 0>> Pels, Pe evkrmehk tbcs

prejfkh @kiklmk hclcstry bas `kmc`k` te mbartkr bkfcmeptkrs

wctb bkavy fea` marryclo mapamcty te hadk up tbk sbert iaff,

=:
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45/212

Gust cl tbk statk ei Arulambaf ^ra`ksb& :?90 DH felo rea`s ark

jkclo jucft, Clmc`kltaffy& tbcs icourk cs reuobfy bafi ei tbk tetaf

fklotb ei rea`s afrka`y jucft cl tbcs rkocel te`ay,

Pbkrk ark rkasels ier tbcs su``kl spurt ei amtcvcty , Ier haly

`kma`ks sclmk tbk war wctb Mbcla cl 1391& Cl`cal Oevkrlhklt

tetaffy lkofkmtk` `kvkfephklt ei arkas a`geclclo Mbclksk

jer`kr, Pbk feocm jkbcl` tbcs `kmcscel& was tbat tbk

ul`kr`kvkfephklt ei tbk rkocel al` ajsklmk ei aly

clirastrumturk& weuf` `ktkr Mbcla ireh tadclo up aletbkra`vklturk cl tbcs rkocel, As a rksuft ei tbcs pefcmy& kvkl

prkfchclary iamcfctcks ier mehhulcmatcels& tralspert al`

kfkmtrcmcty wkrk lkvkr pfallk` er jucft up cl tbcs arka,

Bewkvkr& Mbclksk autberctcks bavk tadkl up buok aheult ei

`kvkfephkltaf werds cl tbk jer`kr rkocel sumb as rea`s ier

tbeusal`s ei dcfehktrks& acrperts ktm sclmk fast twe `kma`ks,

Pbcs bas jreuobt ajeut preorkss cl tbk rkocel ei seutb(wkst

Pcjkt& wbcmb meuf` jk letbclo jut spkmtamufar, As a rksuft&

==
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46/212

pkepfk rksc`clo cl tbk jer`kr rkocel bavk startk` jkclo klvceus

ei tbk pkepfk al` rkocels amress tbk jer`krs, ]klcer pefctcmcals

bavk rkafczk` tbcs al` bavk startk` warlclo tbk mkltraf

Oevkrlhklt ajeut tbcs ikkfclo ahelost jer`kr pkepfk,]chuftalkeusfy& Mbclksk hk`ca bavk startk` a`eptclo a vkry

teuob stalmk rkoar`clo jer`kr `csputk& @afac Faha al` skvkraf

etbkr hattkrs wctb Cl`ca, Pbky kvkl ejgkmtk` te tbk vcsct ei

Cl`cal ^rchk Hclcstkrs vcsct te Arulambaf ^ra`ksb, ]clmk

Mbclksk hk`ca ark gust heutb pckmks ier tbk Oevkrlhklt& ct bas

vkry skrceus chpfcmatcels, Pbcs mbalok cl tbk telk al` tbk

falouaok& wbcmb bas jkkl letcmk` ier tbk icrst tchk aitkr 1391&

wbkl Cl`ca al` Mbcla wklt te war& bas ha`k tbk stratkocm

pfallkrs cl @kfbc te sct up al` letcmk, Pbkrk cs a rkafczatcel tbat

ci Cl`ca wcsbks te stal` kykjaff te kykjaff vcs((vcs Mbclksk& ct

afse hust tafd cl al kquaffy teuob falouaok, Pbcs meuf` jk

`elk elfy ci Cl`ca bas er `kvkfeps a pbyscmaf mapajcfcty te

hevk rkqucsctk luhjkr ei treeps te tbk jer`kr at a vkry sbert

letcmk, Pbcs mapajcfcty mal mehk elfy ci rkqucsctk clirastrumturk

al` mehhulcmatcels ark cl pfamk,

=0
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47/212

Aitkr rkafczatcel ei tbk barsb rkafpefctcd & hambclkry ei tbk

Oevkrlhklt ei Cl`ca bas iclaffy startk` hevclo at a oatbkrclo

pamk al` sclmk :>>9 tbkrk cs a ifurry ei melstrumtcel amtcvctcks

cl tbk rkocel wctbeut ocvclo aly kxmusks,At prksklt& tbcs jer`kr war cs jkclo ieuobt& wctb pcmdaxks al`

sbevkfs ct skkhs,

1? Harmb :>1>

=;


48/212

Zejjclo ^ktkr te pay ^auf

Zeuobfy 1>>> hcfks seutb ei tbk seutbkrl tcp ei Cl`ca& a shaffmfustkr ei ajeut 0> csfal`s& dlewl as Mbaoes armbcpkfaoe& cs

fematk` rcobt cl tbk hc``fk ei tbk Cl`cal emkal, Pbk jcookst al`

tbk hest chpertalt csfal` ireh tbcs mfustkr cs dlewl as @ckoe

Oarmca, Pbk Mbaoes Armbcpkfaoe bas a orkat stratkocm

chpertalmk as ct cs fematk` afhest at al kquaf `cstalmk ireh tbk

sberks ei Aircma& Cl`ca al` Cl`elksca,

Pbcs mfustkr ei csfal`s was let clbajctk` tcff 12tb mkltury& wbkl

Irklmb mefelcsts& usclo sfavk fajeur& startk` ikw memelut

pfaltatcels el tbk csfal`, Aitkr Lapefkelcm wars& tbk Jrctcsb

Mrewl teed evkr tbk csfal`s, Jktwkkl 1210 te 139; tbk csfal`s

wkrk a`hclcstkrk` ireh Haurctcus, Gust tbrkk ykars jkierkHaurctcus jkmahk cl`kpkl`klt ireh Jrctacl& tbk Mbaoes

csfal`s wkrk `ktambk` ierh Haurctcus al` wkrk ha`k a part ei

tbk lkwfy ierhk` Jrctcsb Cl`cal Emkal Pkrrctery "JCEP# al`

put ul`kr `crkmt Jrctcsb rufk, Cl 1399 tbk Jrctcsb mrewl jeuobt

tbk csfal`s al` tbk pfaltatcels ireh prcvatk ewlkrs as tbk

pfaltatcels wkrk aly way& bcobfy ulpreictajfk,

=9
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49/212

Cl 13?1& al aorkkhklt was scolk` jktwkkl Jrctcsb al` []

Oevkrlhklts& ul`kr wbcmb csfal` ei @ckoe Oarmca was

tralsikrrk` te [] ier usk as a hcfctary jask, ]urprcsclofy& le

payhklt was ha`k jy _asbclotel te Jrctacl, Ct cs pesscjfk tbatmelsc`kratcel cl sehk etbkr ierh& sumb as rkùmtcel cl tbk

prcmk ei sehk hcfctary bar`wark& hcobt bavk jkkl ha`k, Pbcs

was rkpertk` cl sehk Jrctcsb Hk`ca, [l`kr tbcs aorkkhklt le

etbkr kmelehcm amtcvcty cs pkrhcttk` el tbk csfal`,

Cl 13?1& tbk csfal` ei @ckoe Oarmca ba` a pepufatcel ei ajeut

:>>> clbajctalts, Pbksk pkepfk wkrk dlewl as Mbaoesscals er

Cfecs pkepfk al` wark ksskltcaffy ei Cl`cal er Aircmal ercocl,

Pbkcr almksters wkrk jreuobt te tbk csfal` cl 12tb al` 13tbmklturcks jy tbkcr Mefelcaf Hastkrs te feed aitkr memelut er

Mepra pfaltatcels, Pbky fcvk` cl tbrkk skttfkhklts el tbk

csfal`7 tbk hacl skttfkhklt el tbk kastkrl rch ei tbk ateff&

maffk` as Kast êclt4 Hcllc Hcllc& 0,; dcfehktrks lertb ei Kast

êclt4 al` êcltk Harcallk& el tbk wkstkrl rch, Aitkr tbk

aorkkhklt ajeut @ckoe Oarmca was scolk` jy tbk Jrctcsb wctb

[] oevkrlhklt& Jrctcsb autberctcks `c` sehktbclo& wbcmb tbkyprejajfy weuf` bavk lkvkr kvkl `rkaht ei èclo cl tbkcr ewl

=?
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50/212

meultry& Jrctacl, Pbky iermkiuffy `kpepufatk` tbk @ckoe Oarmca

csfal`& iermclo aff :>>> pkepfk te hevk te tbk ]kymbkffks al`

tbkl te Haurctcus usclo meltrevkrscaf tkmblcquks,

Pe marry eut tbcs tetafctarcal amtcvcty& tbk mehhcsscelkr ierJrctcsb Cl`cal Emkal Pkrrctery& cssuk` al er`clalmk cl 139?,

Pbcs ulcfatkraf premfahatcel& bcobfy rkhclcsmklt ei tbk Jrctcsb

amtcels cl Cl`ca cl karfy 1?tb al` 12tb mklturcks& was maffk` tbk

Amqucsctcel ei Fal` ier ûjfcm ûrpesks "^rcvatk Prkaty#

Er`clalmk al` klajfk` bch te amqucrk aly fal` bk fcdk` "ier

tbk [D oevkrlhklt#, El = Aprcf 139?& ul`kr tbk prevcscels ei

tbk er`kr& tbk Jrctcsb oevkrlhklt jeuobt aff tbk pfaltatcels ei

tbk Mbaoes armbcpkfaoe ier 99>&>>> al` eiicmcaffy mfesk`

tbkh,

Pbk c`ka jkbcl` tbcs amtcel was te `kprcvk aly seurmk ei

clmehk te tbk femaf pepufatcel al` te hadk tbkh hevk ireh

tbk csfal`, Cl iamt sehk merrkspel`klmk wctbcl Jrctcsb

Jurkaumramy& bas amdlewfkòk` tbk iamt tbat tbky bavk jeuobt

wctb tbcs suh& ikw remds al` ska ouffs afelo wctb sehk

Parzals al` Hal Ircàys, Aletbkr èmuhklt statks tbat tbkJrctcsb Oevkrlhklt ul`kr le mel`ctcel walts tbk cl`cokleus

pkepfk te jk maffk` Mbaoesscals er Cfecs al` sbeuf jk dlewl

as Haurctcus er ]kymbkffks mctczkls,

Pbk Jrctcsb oevkrlhklt tbkrkaitkr cssuk` al er`clalmk& tbat

csfal` ei @ckoe Oarmca weuf` jk mfkark` ei aff lel(clbajctalts,

Pbcs er`clalmk was mfkvkrfy pujfcsbk` cl a JCEP oazkttk let

rka` jy herk tbal ikw pkepfk, Aitkr tbcs& aff csfal`krs wkrk

schpfy tef` tbat tbky lkvkr jkfelok` te @ckoe Oarmca al` hustfkavk ier ]kymbkffks, Cl iamt& le elk was affewk` te rkturl te

@ckoe Oarmca ierh ]kymbkffks,

[] hcfctary autberctcks bavk jucft al chpertalt jask cl @ckoe

Oarmca wctb sehk 1?>> hcfctary pkrsellkf al` 1;>> mcvcfcal

meltramters pkrhalkltfy statcelk` el tbk csfal`, Pbk acr jask

skrvk` al chpertalt iulmtcel ùrclo Craq epkratcels al` cs

melsc`krk` as a tberl cl tbk ifksb jy haly meultrcks cl tbk

=2


51/212

hc``fk kast, Pbksk meultrcks wkrk pfkasaltfy surprcsk` te dlew

tbat Alàhal Psulahc ei :9 @kmkhjkr :>>0& ba` mehpfktkfy

`kstreyk` tbk @ckoe Oarmca jask, Bewkvkr tbk lkws was let

truk al` tbk hcfctary jask meltcluks te epkratk as jkierk,Hkalwbcfk&sclmk tbkcr kxpufscel ireh @ckoe Oarmca& tbk

Mbaoesscals rkoreupk` cl Jrctacl al` meltcluk te asskrt tbkcr

rcobt te rkturl te @ckoe Oarmca, Cl Aprcf :>>9& 1>: Mbaoesscals

wkrk affewk` te vcsct @ckoe Oarmca ier a ày& te tkl` te oravks

al` vcsct tbkcr jcrtbpfamks, _ctb bkfp ei sehk Jrctcsb H^s tbky

appkafk` te Bcob Meurt te rkpkaf tbk er`clalmk cssuk` cl 139?,

Cl :>>> tbk Jrctcsb Bcob Meurt upbkf` tbk mfachs ei tbk

csfal`krs tbat tbk Er`clalmk was ulfawiuf, Cl :>>:& tbk [D

ârfcahklt klamtk` fkocsfatcel& wbcmb oraltk` aff Mbaoesscal

csfal`krs Jrctcsb mctczklsbcp& al` tbk fkoaf rcobt te rkturl te tbk

Pkrrctery, ]ujskqukltfy& el Gulk 1>& :>>0& te lkoatk tbk kiikmt

ei tbcs fkocsfatcel& tbk Jrctcsb oevkrlhklt klamtk` twe Er`krs&

wbcmb rk(kstajfcsbk` chhcoratcel meltrefs el tbk csfal`s al`

kiikmtcvkfy jallk` tbk csfal`krs ireh rkturlclo behk&

rkvkrsclo tbk :>>> meurt `kmcscel, El Hay 11& :>>9& tbk BcobMeurt rufk` aoacl tbat tbk :>>0 Oevkrlhklt Er`krs wkrk

ulfawiuf& al` tbat tbk Mbaoesscals wkrk kltctfk` te rkturl te

tbk Mbaoes Armbcpkfaoe,

Pbcs cs wbkrk tbk tbclos stee` tcff kl` ei fast heltb, Haly

Mbaoesscals ba` ha`k pfals te rkturl behk al` start suoar

malk pfaltatcels al` Icsbkrcks jusclkssks elmk tbk `kiklsk

aorkkhklt jktwkkl Jrctcsb al` [] Oevklrhklt kxpcrks, Jut

tbk pewkr ei Jrctcsb Jurkaumramy mal lkvkr jk ul`krhclk`,Pbk Jrctcsb Oevkrlhklt bas lew mehk up wctb aletbkr

ialtastcm jurkaumratcm jracl wavk te kiikmtcvkfy jal rkturl ei

Mbaoesscals te tbkcr behkfal`, [D Ierkcol ]kmrktary @avc`

Hcfcjal` alleulmk` el 1st Aprcf tbat tbk [D oevkrlhklt bas

`kmc`k` te mrkatk& tbk werf`s farokst harclk rkskrvk areul` tbk

Mbaoes Csfal`s, Pbk rkskrvk weuf` mevkr a ;0;&>>>(sq(dh arka

areul` tbk Cl`cal Emkal armbcpkfaoe& rkoar`k` as elk ei tbk

=3


52/212

werf`s rcmbkst harclk kmesystkhs, Pbcs wcff clmfu`k al arka

wbkrk mehhkrmcaf icsbclo wcff jk jallk`, Ammer`clo te Hr,

Hcfjral`& kstajfcsbclo tbk rkskrvk weuf` `eujfk tbk ofejaf

mevkraok ei tbk werf`s emkals ul`kr pretkmtcel, Ct wcff pretkmta trkasurk trevk ei trepcmaf& harclk wcf`fcik ier pestkrcty,

Pbk Jrctcsb Oevkrlhklts `kmcscel `rkw pracsk ireh haly

melskrvatcelcsts, Pbcs racsk` suspcmcel cl tbk hk`ca tbat tbk

iaveurajfk mehhklts wkrk pfaltk` jy tbk Oevkrlhklt

tbkhskfvks,

_cffcah Hars`kl ireh Mbaoes Melskrvatcel Prust

mehhkltk`7 Cts mrkatcel cs a hager stkp ierwar` ier pretkmtclo

tbk emkals& let gust areul` JCEP TJrctcsb Cl`cal Emkal

PkrrcteryX ctskfi& jut afse tbreuobeut tbk werf`, Pbcs hkasurk cs

a iurtbkr `khelstratcel ei bew tbk [D tadks cts cltkrlatcelaf

klvcrelhkltaf rkspelscjcfctcks skrceusfy, Pe`ays kmcscel jy

tbk Jrctcsb oevkrlhklt cs clspcratcelaf, Ct wcff pretkmt a trkasurk

trevk ei trepcmaf& harclk wcf`fcik ier pestkrcty al` mrkatk a saik

bavkl ier jrkk`clo icsb stemds ier tbk jklkict ei pkepfk cl tbkrkocel,

Pbk Mbaoes armbcpkfaoe bas lew su``klfy jkmehk tbk tbk

Oafapaoes Csfal`s ei tbk kast al` cs jkclo mehpark` wctb

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Austrafcas Orkat Jarrckr Zkki& bests tbk werf`s jcookst fcvclo

meraf strumturk, Pbk Orkat Mbaoes Jald er tbk meraf rkki cs

behk te herk tbal ::> meraf spkmcks afhest bafi tbk rkmer`k`

spkmcks ei tbk kltcrk Cl`cal Emkal& al` herk tbal 1&>>> spkmcksei rkki icsb,

Pbkrk mal jk le èujt rkoar`clo autbkltcmcty ei a statkhklt

ha`k jy a melskrvatcelcst tbat tbk Mbaoes Armbcpkfaoe bas a

orkat mehjclatcel ei trepcmaf csfal`s& ulspecfk` meraf rkkis al`

a`gamklt emkalcm ajyss hadclo tbk arka a jce`cvkrscty betspet

ei ofejaf chpertalmk, A qukstcel arcsks rkoar`clo tbk tchclo

ei tbcs alleulmkhklt, Haurctcus bas asskrtk` a mfach te

sevkrkcolty evkr tbk csfal`s4 al` tbk [D bas aorkk` te mk`k tbk

tkrrctery wbkl ct cs le felokr rkqucrk` ier `kiklsk purpesks,

Jrctcsb Oevkrlhklts kmcscel laturaffy prevedk` alory

rkspelsk ireh tbk Haurctcus autberctcks tbat ulfkss tbk cssuk ei

sevkrkcolty al` rkskttfkhklt cs skttfk` te tbk satcsiamtcel ei tbk

oevkrlhklt ei Haurctcus& kstajfcsbclo a werf`s farokst harclk

rkskrvk el tbk Pkrrctery& wbcmb èkslt kvkl jkfelo te Jrctacl&

bas le fkoctchamy,Ct cs ejvceus tbat tbcs `kmcscel ei tbk Jrctcsb Oevkrlhklt& kvkl

tbeuob al kxmkffklt c`ka ier harclk melskrvatcel& appkars te jk

gust a pfey te meltcluk ulbcl`krk` emmupalmy ei tbk @ckoe

Oarmca csfal` jy tbk [] hcfctary kvkl wbkl tbk `kiklsk

aorkkhklt kxpcrks,

Cl 132> tbk JJM ba` startk` tkfkmast ei bcobfy pepufar mehk`y

lahk` as Sks Hclcstkr, Pbcs sctmeh khje`ck` tbk Jrctcsb

Jurkaumramys attctu`k te autbercty al` pefctcms as a okltfybypemrctcmaf werf` icffk` wctb èujfktafd, Pbk Mbaoes

Armbcpkfaoe aiiacr& appkars te jk al kvkl jkttkr kxahpfk ei tbk

oahks pfayk` jy tbk Jrctcsb Jurkaumramy, Ct jkats Sks Hclcstkr

el aff meults,

0tb Aprcf :>1>

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Pbk ]trelokst tadks aff,

@urclo karfy part ei fast ykar& lkws ctkhs startk` appkarclo clCl`cal hk`ca tbat Mbcla bas startk` jucf`clo a buok àhsehkwbkrk cl Pcjkt el tbk Sarfulozaloje " Sarfelo Psalopeas dlewl te Pcjktals#er Jrabhaputra rcvkr, Pbcs pregkmt&dlewl as Walohu by`rekfkmtrcmaf pregkmt was suppesk` tebavk jkkl clauouratk` el Harmb 19&:>>3 al` tbk icrst melmrktkwas peurk` el Aprcf :& :>>3, Pbk 1,1=2(jcffcel Sual "1 Sual8 $>,1;# pregkmt was awar`k` te a icvk(mehpaly melsertcuh

wctb Mbcla Okzbeuja Oreup afelo wctb LC@Z "Mbcla _atkrLertbkastkrl clvkstcoatcel& `kscol al` rkskarmb# clvefvk` cl ctsmelstrumtcel, Pbcs àh was kxpkmtk` te oklkratk ;0> H_ eikfkmtrcmaf pewkr, As pkr `kscol pfals& tbk Walohu àh wassuppesk` te jk a oravcty àh wctb watkr(jfemdclo strumturks&wbcmb meuf` hkal melstrumtcel ei a rkskrvecr,

Pbk Walohu àh was rkpertk` te jk a part ei a Mbclksk pfalte bavk a skrcks ei icvk hk`cuh(sczk` àhs afelo tbk rcvkr cltbk Lalsbal rkocel ei Pcjkt at Walohu& Gcamba er Oyatsa&

Wbeloà& Gckxu al` Falozbkl, As kxpkmtk`& tbkrk was a

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trkhklèus buk al` mry evkr tbcs suppesk` Mbclksk rcvkr pfalcl Cl`ca al` twe Cl`cal ]tatk Oevklhklts kvkl rkqukstk` tbkMkltraf Oevkrlhklt te tadk up tbk hattkr wctb Mbclksk

Oevkrlhklt al` skk tbat tbk pregkmt cs steppk` chhk`catkfy,Pbcs hattkr bavclo mehk up at tbk tchk ei tbk vcsct ei Mbclksk^rksc`klt Bu Gcltae te Cl`ca& Mbclksk autberctcks wkrk qucmd clrkgkmtclo tbk lkws as a jaskfkss ruheur te qukff Cl`cal pujfcmikars al` skltchklts, Mbclas Hclcstkr ier _atkr Zkseurmks&_alo ]bumbklo& sac` tbk prepesaf was ullkmkssary&ulikascjfk al` ulsmckltcicm& al` ba` le oevkrlhklt jamdclo,Pbk Mbcla @acfy rkpertk`& _alo ]bumbklo kvkl sayclo tbatPbkrk cs le lkk` ier sumb `rahatcm al` ulsmckltcicm pregkmts,Fatkr& Mbclksk Ierkcol Hclcstry spedkshal Fcu Gcalmbae sac`"ammer`clo te tbk Mbcla @acfy# tbat Pbk Mbclksk oevkrlhkltbas le pfals te jucf` a àh el tbk Sarfulo Waloje Zcvkr,Pbk wbefk meltrevkrsy skkhk` te bavk ercoclatk` ireh aprepesaf& prehetk` jy a oreup ei rktcrk` Mbclksk eiicmcafskarfckr fast ykar& te `cvkrt tbk watkrs ei& wbat jkmehks tbk

Jrabhaputra Zcvkr te Mbcla, Pbksk eiicmcafs ba` ifeatk` tbkskc`kas cl tbkcr jeed kltctfk` Pcjkts watkr wcff savk Mbclapujfcsbk` fast ykar al` ba` rkmkcvk` a jurst ei pujfcmcty clMbcla,Bewkvkr& ireh varceus rkpertstbat lew appkar el cltkrlkt& ctfeeds afhest mkrtacl tbat cl spctk ei tbk `klcafs& tbk WalohuBy`rekfkmtrcm ^regkmt& cs cl`kk` cl melstrumtcel, al` tbk pregkmtcs kxpkmtk` te jk mehpfktk` jy :>1=, Pbcs pregkmt cs bewkvkr

gust a rul ei tbk rcvkr& by`re(kfkmtrcmaf oklkratcel pregkmt&tadclo a`valtaok ei tbk stkkp iaff tbk Sarfulo zaloje rcvkr bascl tbcs rkocel al` wctbeut aly watkr `cvkrscel ireh tbk rcvkr,Pbcs sbeuf` let melmkrl Cl`ca at aff as tbk Jrabhaputra rcvkrweuf` meltcluk te jrclo cl sahk aheult ei watkr te Cl`ca cliuturk afse, Cl iamt& kvkl ci tbk Mbclksk jucf` aff tbk icvk àhsel tbk rcvkr as pfallk`& ct weuf` jk ei fcttfk melskquklmk te

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Cl`ca prevc`k` tbksk ark rul ei tbk rcvkr pregkmts al` tbkrk cs lewatkr cvkrscel,

Ci wbat Mbclksk ark sayclo ajeut let `cvkrtclo Sarfulozalojercvkr watkr cs truk& ct elfy hkals tbat at tbcs peclt ei tchk& tbkyhust bavk ieul` ct te jk a pefctcmaf bet petate al` hust bavkwkcobk` tbk melskquklmks ei sumb al amtcel& wbcmb `crkmtfyoeks aoaclst Cl`cal al` Jalofa`ksbc Cltkrksts al` hust bavk`kmc`k` te bef` eii aly sumb pfals ier iuturk, Cl`ca "al`Jalofa`ksb# tbkrkierk& bavk letbclo te werry ajeutJrabhaputra watkrs at fkast ier tbk prksklt, Etbkr meultrcks&wbcmb sbark mehhel jer`krs wctb Mbcla& hay let jk tbatfumdy,

]cx ei _erf`s hcobtckst rcvkrs& Skffew& Salotzk&Jrabhaputra& Cl`us& ]afwkkl al` Hkdelo& aff rcsk ireh tbkPcjktal ^fatkau al` ifew cl Kastkrfy er Lertbkrfy `crkmtcels ,Kxmkpt ier Skffew al` Salotzk rcvkrs& wbcmb ifew cl tbk

Mbclksk haclfal`& aff ei tbk ieur rkhaclclo rcvkrs& kvkltuaffy

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mress Mbclksk jer`krs al` ifew clte Hyalhar& Pbacfal`& Faes&Cl`ca " let cl tbat er`kr# al` afse clte cffkoaffy emmupck` part eiDasbhcr cl pessksscel ei âdcstal,

A Mala`cal èmuhkltary hadkr& Hcmbakf Jumdfky& ùrclo bcsskvkraf trcps te Pcjkt& ammc`kltaffy `csmevkrk` tbat Pcjkts rcvkrsystkhs ark jkclo stralofk` jy farok smafk àh melstrumtcel,Bk afelo wctb a oreup ei jamdpamdkrs& hevclo tbreuob Pcjkt &`csmevkrk` haly lkwfy melstrumtk` àhs cl tbk rkocel jucft te`cvkrt watkr al` by`re klkroy te Mbcla, Mbclas ewl rcvkrsystkh& bas jkkl se `kvastatk` jy ulmeltreffk`clùstrcafczatcel tbat ct bas rksuftk` cl ?> pkrmklt ei tbklatcels watkr suppfy jkclo ul`rcldajfk al` ulajfk te suppertaquatcm fcik, Cl iamt&tbk @rc Mbu& er Sad Zcvkr& wbcmb jkmehkstbk Salotzkelk ei Mbclas hest iaheus rcvkrs& afelo wctbtbk Skffew Zcvkr& lew iacf te rkamb tbk ska,Bk says tbat Pbk rcvkrs ark `ka`, Mbclksk ark let tryclo te icxtbkcr rcvkrs, Pbkcr sefutcels ark Fkts tadk tbk watkr irehPcjkt, Bk ikkfs tbat tbk `cvkrscel ei watkr ireh tbk Pcjktal

bcobfal`s& te parts ei lertbkrl Mbcla& cs cl pfallclo staoks al`wcff jk èlk vca a vast lktwerd ei melmrktk melùcts, Bk saysiurtbkr tbat Mbclas oral` pcpk(`rkah cs te `cvkrt ajulàltwatkr ireh tbk Pcjktal bcobfal`s te rkamb watkr(starvk` mctcksei tbk lertb al` wkst ei Mbcla& wbcmb bavk areul` =>> hcffcelpkepfk, A `cvkrscel pregkmt ei tbcs smafk kltkrs a rkafh jkyelàlytbclo kvkr attkhptk` cl watkr kloclkkrclo,Pbk kfkmtrcmcty preùmk` vca tbk by`re àhs cl Pcjkt& bk

a``k`& cs let ier Pcjktals jut ier Mbclksk clùstryèwlstrkah, Hcmbakf Jumdfky bas kvkl preùmk` aèmuhkltary kltctfk` Hkftèwl cl Pcjkt el tbk sujgkmt,Aff tbk èwlstrkah al` rcparcal kmelehy meultrcks& kxmkptpkrbaps âdcstal& bavk rkafczk` al` su``klfy jkmahk awark eitbk tbrkat te tbkcr watkr systkhs& as Mbcla meltcluks te jucf`buok àhs el tbksk rcvkrs cl Pcjkt al` Sullal, Cl iamt tbkcr

kltcrk rcvkr kmelehcks ark su``klfy cl àlokr, ]afwkkl rcvkr

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rcsks at 1&;?2 hktrks ";&1?? it# cl tbk Qclobac Heultacls eltbk Pcjktal ^fatkau& lkar tbk bka`watkrs ei tbk Hkdelo al`Salotzk rcvkrs,

Ct ifews tbreuob Mbcla& Jurha& al` Pbacfal` al` khptcks cltetbk Al`ahal ]ka, Pbk rcvkr cs dlewl as Oyafhe Loufmbu clPcjktal& hkalclo Pbk Qukkl ei ]cfvkr _atkr, Mala`cal

`emuhkltary hadkr Hcmbakf Jumdfky says tbat @kspctk

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wc`ksprka` pretkst ireh wctbcl Mbcla al` ireh lkcobjerclomeultrcks cl Asca& Mbclksk kloclkkrs ark ieroclo abka` wctbpfals ier a masma`k ei 1= farok àhs el tbk ]afwkkl, ]kvkraf

àhs ark afrka`y ul`kr melstrumtcel&elk tbk bkcobt ei a 9>(stery jucf`clo, Zcvkr Clùs er ]cl`bu as wk maff ct& rcsks cl tbkPcjktal pfatkau cl tbk vcmclcty ei Fadk Halsarevar cl PcjktAuteleheus Zkocel ei Mbcla,

Pbk rcvkr ruls a meursk tbreuob tbk Faàdb `cstrcmt ei Gahhu

al` Dasbhcr al` tbkl kltkrs Lertbkrl Arkas "Ocfoct(Jaftcstal#cl pesskscel ei âdcstal, Ifewclo cl a seutbkrfy `crkmtcel afelotbk kltcrk fklotb ei tbk meultry ei âdcstal& ct hkroks clte tbkArajcal ]ka lkar pert mcty ei Darambc cl ]cl`b,Afcmk Afjclca& a Jrctcsb geurlafcst al` wrctkr wbe rkmkltfyvcsctk` Clùs up te cts reets& says cl bkr jeed Khpcrks ei tbkClùs tbat tbk orkatkr part ei watkr cl tbk Zcvkr Clùs mahkireh cts uppkr rkambks& ireh Pcjkt& Faàdb al` Jaftcstal&

ratbkr tbal ireh cts Bchafayal trcjutarcks cl tbk ûlgaj, ]bk

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rkmkltfyvcsctk` tbk Clùs ireh cts kl` peclt Clùs @kfta te ctsmatmbhklt arka al` tbk peclt ei start maffk` ]klok Dbaja` jyPcjktals& wbcmb hkals tbk fcels heutb, Ct cs tbk elfy pfamk&

wbkrk watkr `c` let ifew ireh tbk ofamckrs& jut tbk oreul`& alìfew meltcluk` reul` tbk ykar,

El bkr way te ]klok Dbajaj& sbk saw a buok àh wctbhasscvk melmrktk murvk feehs up ireh tbk rcvkrjk`, Pbkstrumturk ctskfi was mehpfktk& jut tbk by`rekfkmtrcm kfkhklts eltbk rcvkrjk` wkrk stcff jkclo clstaffk`, Pbkrk ark peefs ei watkrtbcs sc`k ei tbk àh& jut le ifew, Pbk Clùs bas jkkl steppk`,Mbcla ba` let eiicmcaffy clierhk` tbk oevkrlhklt ei âdcstal&as tbkrk cs le trkaty jktwkkl Mbcla al` âdcstal evkr sbark`watkrs,

Zkmklt ]atkffctk ^bete sbews buok aheult ei Clùs watkrorajjk` jy Mbcla& wbcmb etbkrwcsk weuf` bavk ifewl teâdcstal, Herkevkr wbkl tbcs jeed was rkfkask` cl âdcstal&tbk watkr kxpkrts tbkrk& icrst rkiusk` te ammkpt tbk jucf`clo ei a

farok àh cl Pcjkt jy Mbcla,

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Fatkr tbky bavk schpfy rkgkmtk` tbk c`ka ei Clùs watkr okttclo`kpfktk` jy sumb a àh, Pbcs ]klok Dbajaj àh cs sctuatk` at=: `korkks al` =1 hclutks Lertb fatctu`k& al` 2> `korkks al`1> hclutks Kast feloctu`k, Ct cs jucft el a trcjutary ei ClùsZcvkr& wbcmb ifews ireh Kast te _kst geclclo tbk hacl "Clùs#rcvkr at =: `korkks al` =1 hclutks Lertb fatctu`k& al` ?3

`korkks al` 0: hclutks Kast feloctu`k lkar tbk Loarc tewlsbcpal` mal jk kascfy skkl el Oeeofk Kartb, Pbk By`rekfkmtrcmpewkr statcel lahk` as ]kloyk Psalope By`repewkr ]tatcelbas al clstaffk` mapamcty ei 9&0>> Dcfewatts al` cs lewepkratcelaf,

Lew wk mehk te pkrbaps tbk jcookst al` orkatkst oraj ei alcltkrlatcelaf rcvkr watkr èlk jy Mbclksk, Pbk @za Mbu& er

Hkdelo Zcvkr& jkocls cts fcik aoacl cl tbk heultacls ei Pcjktal` jkmehks a rearclo terrklt as ct swcrfs tbreuob `kkp oeroks&`reppclo al astelcsbclo 0&;>> hktkrs T10&2>> ikktX cl kfkvatceltbreuob Pcjkt al` Mbcla& evkr a `cstalmk ei 1&2>> dh T1&112hcfksX&jkierk turlclo tahkr te kltkr Faes,tbk rcvkr cs a fcik fclkier iurtbkr èwlstrkah latcels sumb as Hyalhar& Mahje`ca&Faes& Pbacfal`& al` Ycktlah,

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Herk tbal 9>h pkepfk ireh tbksk meultrcks `kpkl` el tbkHkdelo Zcvkr ier tbkcr fcvkfcbee`s, Pbcs fcik fclk ei tbkskpkepfk cs ul`kr trkhklèus tbrkat as parts ei tbk rcvkr ark attbkcr fewkst fkvkfs cl ;> ykars, Iurtbkr èwlstrkah& `reuobt&saft `kpescts al` rkùmk` secf lutrcklts ark tbrkatklclo iee`preùmtcel cl tbk rcmk jewfs ei Mahje`ca al` Ycktlah,

Pbk fka`krs ei Pbacfal`& Mahje`ca& Faes al` Ycktlah affattkl`k` tbk Hkdelo Zcvkr suhhct cl tbk Pbac rksert ei BuaBcl rkmkltfy,

Aff tbk èwlstrkah meultrcks ikkf tbat tbk prclmcpaf rkasel ierfew watkr fkvkfs cl tbk rcvkr cs tbk el oeclo melstrumtcel ei 2àhs jy Mbclksk el tbk Hkdelo, Mbclksk è let ammkpt tbcs

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al` say tbat tbcs ykar `reuobt al` tbk kxtrkhk `ry skasel arktbk hacl rkasels ier tbk few watkr fkvkfs,

Iurtbkr& Mbclksk walt te jucf` kvkl herk luhjkr ei àhs eltbk Hkdelo al` ikkf tbat jucf`clo ei àhs cs tbk elfy kiicmckltway ei rkoufatclo watkr ifew al` `reuobt rkfcki,

_bkl elk tadks al evkrvckw ei aff tbk melstrumtcel amtcvcty

ul`krtadkl jy Mbcla cl Pcjkt al` Sullal prevclmk& Mbclasoral` pfal ei `cvkrtclo ajulàlt watkr ireh tbk Pcjktalbcobfal`s te rkamb watkr(starvk` mctcks ei tbk lertb al` wkst eiMbcla& wbcmb bavk areul` =>> hcffcel pkepfk& jkmehks vkrymfkar,

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Pbk smafk al` tbk oral`kur ei tbcs pfal cs se buok tbat kvkl eurchaoclatcel iaffs sbert, C ikkf clmfclk` te aorkk tbat tbk Mbclkskhcobt gust `e ct as tbky ark let humb melmkrlk` ajeut tbkbuhal traok`y al` suiikrclo tbat weuf` ammehpaly tbk

hevkhklt ei sumb a buok hass ei pkepfk tbat weuf` jk

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rkqucrk` te jk hevk` ier kxkmutcel ei sumb a pregkmt ,Pbkkmefeocmaf aitkr kiikmts ei sumb a buok pregkmt mal let jk kvklchaoclk`, Pbkrk cs a sayclo cl Klofcsb tbat _cllkr tadks aff,

^krbaps Mbclksk schcfarfy jkfckvk tbat tbk ]trelokst tadks aff al` weuf` fcdk te oraj as humb watkr as pesscjfk ireh tbkcltkrlatcelaf rcvkrs,[liertulatkfy sumb a oral` pregkmt weuf` mrkatk orkat bar`sbcpal` suiikrclo ier pkepfk ei aff tbk èwlstrkah meultrcks, Pbkylkk` rkaffy te watmb tbk sctuatcel al` tadk a`kquatk stkps tesaikouar` tbkcr cltkrksts, Ier Cl`ca& elk okepefctcmaf rkoceljkmehks kxtrkhkfy chpertalt al` mrctcmaf lew cl fcobt ei tbcsoral` Mbclksk pfal, Ct cs tbk spet al` surreul`clo arkas wbkrktbk Jrabhaputra kltkrs Arulambaf ^ra`ksb ireh Pcjkt, Ct csmaffk` tbk orkat jkl`, Ci Mbcla cltkl`s te `cvkrt watkr irehJrabhaputra cl iuturk& tbky mal è ct elfy cl tbcs arka, Aff tbketbkr arkas cl seutbkrl Pcjkt& tbreuob wbcmb Jrabhaputrarusbks èwl kastwar`s& ark tetaffy ulsuctajfk ier tadclo eiiwatkr te Lertbkrl& _kstkrl er Kastkrl parts ei Mbcla, Cl`ca al`

Mbcla bavk scolk` al cltkrlatcelaf trkaty ajeut kxmbalok eiby`refeocmaf àta tbrkk tchks kvkry ykar, Aly Mbclksk pfals te`cvkrt Jrabhaputra watkrs weuf` laturaffy rkifkmt cl tbcs àta,Pbcs meuf` afse jk elk ei tbk rkasels ier wbcmb& Mbcla fays ctsmfachs ier Arulambaf ^ra`ksb, Cl`ca hust watmb tbk jkl`,

1> Aprcf :>1>

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AJM ei Hejcfk ^belk Jaldclo

_bkl tbk c`kas ajeut ofejafczatcel startk` mcrmufatclo areul`tbk werf` ier tbk icrst tchk& haly pkepfk cl tbk _kst& teed avkry schpfcstcm vckw, Ammer`clo te tbkh& wbat ofejafczatcelrkaffy hkalt was tbat tbk _kstkrlkrs& wctb tbkcr wkff prevklcllevatcvk hcl`s& weuf` mehk eut wctb lkw preùmts al`skrvcmks& wbcmb weuf` jk preùmk` er prevc`k` jy tbk Pbcr`_erf` meultrcks wctb tbkcr mbkap fajeur mests& aoacl ier tbkjklkict ei tbk _kstkrl hardkts, Pbk melsuhkrs cl tbk wkst

weuf` chhklskfy oacl jkmausk ei tbk few prcmks al` tbkfarokst sbark ei preicts weuf` stcff jk karlk` jy tbk mehpalcksal` tbkcr jessks scttclo cl tbkcr bcob rcsk& ofass waffk` eiicmks&cl Lkw Serd er Felèl, Cl sbert& ct weuf` jk Kast Cl`camehpaly aff evkr aoacl, Ier icrst ikw ykars& ofejafczatcelpremkss cl`kk` ieffewk` tbcs patb, Mbcla startk` preùmcloafhest kvkrytbclo& tbat tbk _kst lkk`k` at al uljkfckvajfy few

mest, Aff tbk fajeur clmkltcvk maff skrvcmks al` rcoeureus al`heleteleus werd ei seitwark `kvkfephklt was pcmdk` up jytbk Cl`cals, Mehpalcks cl tbk wkst startk` hadclo buok preictswctb tbkcr Zeyafty karlclos al` preùmkr meultrcks fcdk Mbclastartk` te specf tbkcr klvcrelhklt afelo wctb rkmkcpt ei helky,

]ehkwbkrk èwl tbk fclk& tbclos startk` seurclo ier tbesk bcobstrkkt jessks ireh tbk _kst, Mbclksk haluiamturks `c` let

rkhacl meltkl`k` wctb `kscols al` tkmblefeocks prevc`k` jytbk _kst, Pbky startk` cllevatclo tbclos, ]chcfarfy& Cl`calseitwark mehpalcks startk` tbcldclo ajeut cl`kpkl`kltpregkmts, Pbk mkltkr ei ofejafczatcel hevk` sfewfy jut surkfytewar`s Asca, Elk arka& bewkvkr rkhaclk`& wbkrk wkstkrlmehpalcks stcff èhclatk` tbk ickf`, Pbat arka was Jaldclo alìclalmk, Cl tbk khkroclo hardkt meultrcks& tbk jalds alìclalmk mehpalcks stcff ieffewk` tbk ef` _kst mkltrcm hktbe`sei tralsikrrclo helky& wbkrkcl jalds karlk` sujstaltcaf

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mehhcsscels, Ier peer pkepfk ei `kvkfepclo kmelehcks& tbcspattkrl ei helky tralsikr was gust let aiier`ajfk se tbky dkptaway ireh tbk jalds, Cl Palzalca& gust ;+ ei tbk pepufatcel

bavk jald ammeults, Cl Ktbcepca tbkrk cs elk jald ier kvkry1>>&>>> pkepfk, Bewkvkr& kvkl tbesk shaff pkrmkltaok eipkepfk& wbe ba` jald ammeults& iamk` sumb bcob mbaroks tehevk tbkcr helky areul` tbat tbky bar`fy usk` ct,

Bewkvkr& afelo wctb ofejafczatcel& aletbkr mbalok wasswkkpclo tbreuob tbk `kvkfepclo werf`, Pbkrk was alkxpfescvk orewtb ei hejcfk tkfkpbelks cl afhest ei aff tbkmeultrcks ei Asca al` Aircma, Pbk peer pepufatcel ei tbkskmeultrcks ba` fkap ireook` clte tbk he`krl werf` eimehhulcmatcel tbreuob a schpfk bal` bkf` `kvcmk, Pbkl& ahejcfk skrvcmk prevc`kr ireh Dklya& mahk up wctb a jrcffcaltcllevatcel wbcmb usks tbk kxcstclo clirastrumturk ei tbk hejcfkskrvcmk prevc`kr te prevc`k jaldclo skrvcmks te kvkl tbkpeerkst ei tbkcr hejcfk ammeult bef`krs, A lkw jaldclo systkh

was jerl, Pbk c`ka was se oee` tbat ct mauobt fcdk a wcf`icrktbreuobeut Aircma,

]aiarcmeh& wctb ajeut 1: hcffcel sujsmrcjkrs& cs elk ei tbkfka`clo hejcfk skrvcmk prevc`kr cl Dklya, Pbk mehpaly was

ierhk` cl 133? as a sujsc`cary ei Pkfdeh Dklya, Cl ykar :>>>&

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Yeàielk oreup aqucrk` 0>+ stadk cl tbk mehpaly al` tbkrcobt ei halaokhklt, Pbk helky tralsikr skrvcmk eiikrk` jy]aiarcmeh cs maffk` H(^K]A , Pbk lahk cs vkry ept jkmausk&

cl tbk femaf faulouaok& ]wabcfc& ^K]A hkals helky, H(^K]Amfcklts mal usk tbcs skrvcmk te pay jcffs& tralsikr masb& juylkmkssctcks ei fcik al` kvkl pay taxc iarks, Pbk systkh csschpfk& rkfcajfk& lkk`s le pfastcm mar`s er APH hambclks, Affct rkqucrks cs a hejcfk pbelk mellkmtk` te ]aiarcmeh al` tbkajcfcty te typk a ikw luhjkrs el tbk hejcfk smrkkl,

Bew èks tbk systkh werd5 Ier amtuaf masb tralsamtcels&]aiarcmeh bas appecltk` tbeusal`s ei Aoklt(Eutfkts, A mbaclei shaff sbeps wbe skff oremkry er sumb sul`ry ctkhs, Asaiarcmeh mfcklt mal amtuaffy pay er rkmkcvk masb ireh sumbAoklt(Eutfkts, Pbk Aoklt(Eutfkt clierhs ]aiarcmeh ajeut tbktralsamtcel jy hkals ei a tkxt hkssaok& wbcmb autehatcmaffy`kjcts er mrk`cts tbk ammeults ei tbk mfcklt al` tbk Aoklt,Mfcklts mal usk tbk helky cl tbkcr ammeults te pay ier

kvkrytbclo ireh jkkr te mattfk, Hasac iarhkrs usk ct te skffmews cl Lacrejc, Pbk helky put el tbkcr pbelks& klsurks tbatrejjkrs malt okt tbk masb, Dklyal wehkl usk tbk tkmblefeoyte tralsikr helky ireh tbkcr pbelk te tbat ei tbkcr parklts&wbcfk Lacrejc jusclksshal usk ct ier skttfclo mustehkrammeults as ct cs vkry bal`y, H(^K]A skrvcmk bas evkr skvklhcffcel rkocstkrk` mustehkrs, Pbk avkraok tralsamtcel aheultcs amtuaffy fkss tbal $0> & jut tbk tetaf aheult H(^K]A hevks

kvkry ày kxmkk`s $ 2,; hcffcels,

Pbkrk ark le bc``kl mbaroks alywbkrkkxmkpt ier tkxt hkssaoclo skrvcmkmbaroks, Aoklts ark pac` a mehhcsscelel tbk tralsamtcel vefuhk te dkkp tbkhcltkrkstk`, Ireh jkclo a hejcfk skrvcmk

prevc`kr& ]aiarcmeh bas jkmehk a jco

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jaldkr, ]eutb Aircmas hejcfk skrvcmk prevc`kr HPL basrkmkltfy alleulmk` pfals ier a iuffy(ifkòk` jald ammeult elhejcfk pbelks& wctb al eptcelaf mrk`ct mar`,Pbk skrvcmk wcff jk

kxtkl`k` te tbk :> meultrcks wbkrk HPL epkratks& clmfu`clo[oalà& Lcokrca& Mahkreel al` Cvery Meast& wbcmb mehjclk`bavk evkr 3> hcffcel hejcfk pbelk uskrs,

Cts le wel`kr tbat sumb al cllevatcvk systkh ier jaldclotralsamtcels& gust tacfer ha`k ier tbk er`clary pkepfk& bas ieul`cts way clte Cl`ca tee, Kde Cl`ca Iclalmcaf ]krvcmks ^rcvatkFchctk`& CL@CA& a mehpaly faulmbk` jy Hr, Ajbcsbkd ]clba&afelo wctb bcs jretbkr& prehcsks te jrclo jaldclo skrvcmks tetbk er`clary pkepfk wbe bavk a hejcfk pbelk, Cl Ikjruary:>>3& Kde halaok` te okt ]tatk Jald ei Cl`ca as cts JusclkssMerrkspel`klt er cl er`clary wer`s a ârtlkr, Kvkry Kde(]JChejcfk pbelk jald ammeult bas tbk saikty al` ouaraltkk ei arkoufar ]JC ammeult, Pbk skrvcmk startk` cl Emtejkr :>>3 wctbajeut 9>>> ammeults epklk` jy =1st @kmkhjkr, Lew el al

avkraok 0>> lkw ammeults ark epklk` wctb Kde(]JC kvkry ày,Petaf jald ammeults kxmkk`k` 0>>>>& jy kl` Harmb :>1>,1;>> tralsamtcels tadk pfamk el kvkry ày lew wertb ajeutZupkks 1 hcffcel,

Fcdk ]aiarcmeh& Kde bas appecltk` Mustehkr ]krvcmk êclts atvarceus fematcels, Pbksk ark hestfy oremkrs er sbeps skffcloprk(pac` hejcfk mar`s, Peày& Kde bas ajeut =;> eutfkts amress

@kfbc& Ouroael& Lecà& Obazcaja`& Ieur `cstrcmts ei Jcbar alèlk `cstrcmt ei Gbardbal`, Pbk taroktk` mfcklt jask ei Kde teàyark tbk hcoralt Jcbarc werdkrs cl @kfbc arka& wbe walt te skl`helky te tbkcr iahcfcks jamb behk, Pe dkkp tbclos schpfk ierlet se fctkratk mfcklts& aff tkxt hkssaoks ark sklt usclo elfyluhkrafs, Kde bas halaok` a tralsamtcel vefuhk ei Zupkks ?1hcffcel cl icrst scx heltbs ei epkratcel,

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Epklclo al ammeult rkqucrks hclchaf èmuhkltatcel& wctb ZJCrkfaxclo tbk rufks ier hejcfk jaldclo, Ct tadks ajeut 1> hclutkste epkl a lkw ammeult, A pkrsel mal `kpesct kvkl Zupkks ; cl

bcs ammeult, Fajeurkrs& bal` mart vklèrs& rcmdsbaw puffkrs&èhkstcm bkfp al` beuskwcvks melstctutk sehk ei tbk ammeultbef`krs wctb Kde,

Kde(]JC bas let jredkl kvkl ykt al` ark epkratclo tbreuobasscstalmk ei MOA^ " Melsuftatcvk Oreup te asscst tbk peer#,Bewkvkr& as tbk jusclkss vefuhk orews& prehetkrs ark iacrfymelic`klt ei rkambclo iclalmcaf stajcfcty,

Hejcfk pbelk jaldclo appkars te bavk haly `cstclmta`valtaoks evkr pfastcm mar`s, ]ehk pkepfk hay let tadk ctskrceusfy as tbk melmkpt was cllevatk` cl Dklya, C ikkf tbat ctbas trkhklèus petkltcaf ier kamb elk ei us, Chaoclk hkktcloaff yeur àcfy kxpklsks tbreuob yeur hejcfk ]H], Le lkk` tevcsct jalds er wact cl felo qukuks al` marry masb areul`, C ikkf

tbat tbcs hay turl eut te jk tbk orkatkst cllevatcel cl pkrselafjaldclo sclmk `csmevkry ei pfastcm mar`s,

:? Aprcf :>1>

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]trclo ei ^karfs( a paralecàf

cffuscel

Iraldfy& C was quctk iasmclatk` jy tbcs tbkery ei strclo eipkarfs& wbkl C icrst rka` ajeut ct, Ct cs let a vkry lkwbypetbkscs al` was ercoclaffy prepesk` jy Hr,Mbrcstepbkr G,^kbrsel& autber ei tbk jeed ]trclo ei ^karfs7 Hkktclo tbkmbaffklok ei mbclas rcsclo pewkr amress tbk Ascal fctteraf, Cltbcs jeed& Hr, ^kbrsel bas prepesk` tbat Pbk ]trclo ei

^karfs `ksmrcjks tbk halcikstatcel ei Mbclas rcsclookepefctcmaf clifuklmk tbreuob kiierts te clmrkask ammkss teperts al` acrickf`s& `kvkfep spkmcaf `cpfehatcm rkfatcelsbcpsal` he`krlczk hcfctary iermks tbat kxtkl` ireh tbk ]eutbMbcla ]ka tbreuob tbk ]tract ei Hafamma& amress tbk Cl`calEmkal& al` el te tbk Arajcal Oufi,Pbk melmkpt cs rkhclcsmklt ei tbk Gebl Iestkr @uffks àys cltbk mef` war smklarce& wbkrk [lctk` ]tatks Oevkrlhklt ba`

mrkatk` a mbacl ei irckl`fy latcels areul` ]evckt Zussca wctbCltkrlatcelaf trkatcks fcdk LAPE al` ]KAPE, Hr, ^kbrselsuooksts tbat Mbcla cs schcfarfy surreul`clo Cl`ca wctb êrtsal` mellkmtclo rea`s te fchct Cl`cas rcsclo ska pewkr, Bk maffstbksk perts as pkarfs cl a strclo,Pbk pbrask strclo ei pkarfs te `ksmrcjk Mbclas stratkoy ierjucf`clo perts was ercoclaffy usk` jy alafysts werdclo ier tbk

[] @kparthklt ei @kiklsk, Cl`cal eiicmcafs ireh Lkw @kfbcsseutb jfemd& wbkrk Cl`cas ierkcol aiiacrs hclcstry cs fematk`&pcmdk` up tbk pbrask ireh tbk Ahkrcmals al` aitkr tbat& tbkrkbas jkkl a melsc`krajfk aheult ei `csmusscel wctbcl `kiklskkxpkrts cl Cl`ca, ^reiksser ]brcdalt Delàpaffc ei GawabarfafLkbru [lcvkrscty cl @kfbc says tbat& Pbcs cs let a ikar& tbcs cs aiamt& Bk jkfckvks tbat Mbcla cs skttclo up sbep cl shaffkrmeultrcks areul` tbk Cl`cal Emkal jkmausk ei ecf, Al kstchatk`

2>+ ei ecf ier Mbclas rkseurmk(bulory kmelehy mehks ireh

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tbk Hc``fk Kast al` Aircma& vca tbk Cl`cal Emkal, Bk saysiurtbkr tbat& _bkl yeu put teoktbkr aff tbksk gcosaw puzzfks ctjkmehks mfkar tbat Mbclksk iemus cl Cl cal Emkal cs let gust

ier tra`k& ct cs a oral` `kscol ier tbk :1st Mkltury, AfdaAmbarya& bka` ei Kast Ascal stu`cks at tbcs ulcvkrscty says tbatMbclas strclo ei pkarfs pefcmy startk` cl tbk 132>s al` ctsjascm ach was te ocvk Mbcla clmrkask` klkroy skmurcty wctbrkiukfclo statcels tbreuobeut tbk werf`, Jut ct bas bkfpk`Mbcla pregkmt cts pefctcmaf al` hcfctary clifuklmk iurtbkr, Lewel`kr tbat haly cl Cl`ca ikar tbat aftbeuob tbksk `kkp skaperts wcff jk ier tra`k& Mbcla meuf` maff tbkh cl ier hcfctary erstratkocm purpesks ci ecf jkmehks smarmk,Lew& _bcmb perts ark suppesk` te jk tbk pkarfs& tbat surreul`Cl`ca5 was tbk icrst qukstcel& tbat aresk cl hy hcl`, Bewkvkrtbkrk skkhs te jk le ulalchcty ahelost kxpkrts& rkoar`clotbcs, ]ehk melsc`kr tbat Mbcttaoelo pert cl Jalofa`ksb& ]cttwkpert cl Hyalhar& Bahjalteta pert cl ]rcFalda al` tbkOawàr pert cl âdcstal ark tbk rkaf pkarfs, ]ehk afse clmfu`k

cl tbcs fcst& Mbclas seutbkrlhest prevclmk Baclal Csfal`s,Daraderah Bcobway& jucft jy Mbclksk& clsc`k part ei Gahhu )Dasbhcr& cffkoaffy bkf` jy âdcstal& mellkmtclo Dbulgkrkj passel tbk Mbcla(Cl`ca jer`kr "Cl cffkoaf pesskscel ei padcstal atprksklt# te tbk âdcstalc mapctaf Csfahaja` cs melsc`krk` jysehk as tbk strclo cl tbcs lkmdfamk,

Aitkr bavclo rka` aff tbcs& C ikft tbat icl`clo eut tbk

Okepefctcmaf iamts ajeut tbksk se maffk` ^karfs al` strclo hcobtprevk te jk al cltkrkstclo kl`kaver, C skt upel tbcs tasd al`seel mahk eut wctb haly cltkrkstclo chaoks&iamts al` icourks,Clctcaffy& C ieul` eut tbat Baclal csfal`s& wbcmb cs a prevclmk eiMbcla& ark cl tbk vcmclcty ei Ycktlah al` Mahje`ca al` clrkafcty ark vkry humb part ei ]eutb Mbcla ]ka& smklarce&jkarclo afhest le `crkmt clifuklmk el tbk sctuatcel surreul`clo

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Cl`ca, Pbkrk cs le lkk` te feed at tbksk Mbclksk Csfal`s as apesscjfk pkarf,

Mbcttaoelo pert cl tbk Jay ei Jkloaf cs tbk farokst ]ka êrt eiJalofa`ksb, Pbk prksklt pert cs el tbk jalds ei rcvkrDarlaiufc& a sctuatcel vkry schcfar te Buofc rcvkr pert lkarDefdata& surreul`k` jy a squafc` mcty, Jalofa`ksb autberctcksbavk khjardk` upel a vkry ahjctceus pregkmt te `kvkfep al`tralsierh Mbcttaoelo mehhkrmcaf pert al` tralsierh tbk meast

fclk, Pbk pregkmt cs kstchatk` te mest ajeut $3 jl, Ct cs rkpertk`tbat Mbclksk bavk aorkk` te iul` tbcs pregkmt te a sujstaltcafkxtklt, Pbk pfals clvefvk al ahjctceus lkw `kkp ska pertiurtbkr afelo tbk meast& al` a heterway rullclo aff tbk way teMbcla vca lkcobjeurclo Hyalhar, _erd cs oeclo el atprksklt el twe buok meltaclkr tkrhclafs, A ofkahclo ieur falkheter way al` a suspklscel jrcòk bas afse mehk up, Bewkvkrireh rkperts& ct appkars tbat tbk helky ier suspklscel jrcòk

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mahk ireh a Oufi meultry, Mbclksk meltramters bavk jkkl bcrk`te mehpfktk aff tbksk werds,

Mbcttaoelo cs at a `cstalmk ei ajeut 1>>> DH ireh lkarkstMbclksk rea` bka` mcty ei ûkr ]bc cl Sullal ^revclmk,Jalofa`ksb bas le mehhel jer`krs wctb Mbcla al` alyheterway er pcpk fclk& ci fac`& weuf` bavk te pass tbreuobHyalhar, Pbk sctuatcel cl jer`kr arkas ei Hyalhar wctbMbcla mal let jk `ksmrcjk` as pkamkiuf er irckl`fy al` aly tafdei sumb heterway& appkars te jk fcttfk iar iktmbk`& ireh aly

hcfctary peclt ei vckw, Jalofa`ksb cs let a bestcfk meultrytewar`s Cl`ca, @r, @cpu Helc& Jalofa`ksbs ierkcol hclcstkr&matkoercmaffy says tbat C èlt jkfckvk ci Mbcla bkfps us jucf`tbcs ska pert& tbat Mbcla wcff jk ajfk te usk ct ier etbkrpurpesks& al` a``s tbat Jalofa`ksb wcff lkvkr fkt aly part eicts tkrrctery jk usk` ier aly dcl` ei attamds er alytbclo fcdktbat& Cl iamt Jalofa`ksb walts te jk skkl as a jrcòk irehMbcla te Cl`ca& al` cs markiuf let te eiikl` kctbkr ei cts ocaltlkcobjeurs,

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]cttwk pert& sctuatk` ajeut :9; DH seutb ei Mbcttaoelo& cs atprksklt a shaff pert el Hyalhar meastfclk, Pbk pert cs fematk`lkar tbk melifuklmk peclt ei rcvkr Dafaàl wctb Jay ei Jkloaf,

Pbcs rcvkr cl iamt rcsks cl tbk Cl`cal ]tatk ei Hczerah alìfews seutb te ]cttwk, Pbk rcvkr cs lavcoajfk elfy upte âfktwa,Clctcaffy ct was rkpertk` tbat Mbcla was lkoetcatclo wctbHyalhar ajeut `kvkfephklt ei tbcs pert, Bewkvkr& wctbCl`cas Feed Kast pefcmy cl iermk& Cl`ca skkhs te bavk tadklmbarok ei tbk sctuatcel bkrk, Al aorkkhklt was scolk` jktwkklCl`ca al` Hyalhar cl Aprcf :>>3 rkoar`clo `kvkfephklt eiDafaàl tralspert pregkmt& wbcmb afse clmfu`ks `kvkfephklt ei

]cttwk pert, Pbk pregkmt bas jkkl awar`k` te al Cl`calmehpaly Kssar ^regkmts al` clvefvks melstrumtclo a pert at]cttwk al` a gktty at âfktwa& 1:> dcfehktkrs ei rea` te jk jucftcl Hyalhar ireh tbk rcvkr tkrhclaf cl âfktwa te tbk Cl`ca(Jurha jer`kr cl tbk lertbkast, Pbk pregkmt wcff bavk === hcfks";=3 dcfehktkrs# ei watkrways al` 10> hcfks ei rea`s, Ctweuf` jk mehpfktk` cl =9 heltbs at tbk mest ei ajeut $ ?;hcffcel al` cs kltcrkfy iclalmk` jy Cl`ca, Ct cs kxpkmtk` tbat tbcspregkmt weuf` jeest fclds jktwkkl perts el Cl`cas kastkrl

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skajear` al` ]cttwk cl Aradal "Zadbclk# ]tatk& Hyalhar,Ireh tbkrk& oee`s wcff jk sbcppk` afelo tbk Dafaàl Zcvkrireh cts melifuklmk lkar ]cttwk te âfktwa cl Mbcl ]tatk al` jy

rea` te Cl`cas Hczerah ]tatk& wbcmb wcff prevc`k al aftkrlatkreutk ier tralspert ei oee`s te Cl`cas fal`femdk` lertbkast, Ctsbeuf` jk ejvceus te alyelk tbat ]cttwk cs `kiclctkfy let elk eitbk Mbclas pkarfs,

Fkt us lew travkf seutb te tbk seutbkrl meast ei ]rc Falda,Bahjalteta cs a shaff icsbclo barjeur el tbcs meast, ]rc faldabas prepesk` te jucf` a he`krl pert iamcfcty lkar tbk kxcstcloicsbclo barjeur, Kltcrk pregkmt cs prepesk` te jk mehpfktk` cl1; ykars ireh ykar :>>2 al` cs kxpkmtk` te mest ajeut $ 1jcffcel, ]rc Faldal ^rksc`klt Habclà Zagapadsa says tbat tbkpregkmt was icrst eiikrk` te Cl`ca jut Cl`cals sbewk` le cltkrkstcl ct, Fatkr tbk pregkmt was eiikrk` te Mbclksk, Pbk prkskltMbclksk mehhcthklt cs ier tbk melstrumtcel ei tbk icrst staokelfy& wbcmb cs kstchatk` te mest [] $ =9> hcffcel, Mbcla bas

aorkk` te ocvk 2; pkr mklt ei tbcs aheult at melmksscelafcltkrkst, Pbk jafalmk cs jkclo meltrcjutk` jy tbk Oevkrlhkltei ]

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