Long Range Planning and City Development in East Asia

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Copyright Enright , Scott & Associates, Ltd. 2011

Long Range Planning and CityDevelopment in East Asia

Professor Michael Enright

University of Hong Kong

Enright, Scott & Associates

Sao Paulo, September 2011

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Rationales for Long Term Planning

Cities have to prepare for the future

Too much focus on the short term hurts potentialdevelopments

Some problems need time for solution

Some investments have long lead times

Long term planning allows cities to be proactive ratherthan reactive

Long term planning allows cities to better fulfill the

aspirations of their populations

Most leading cities have been doing long term planningfor decades

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Plans can be Comprehensive

Shanghais plans include

Functional plans CBD, subcenter, and new

town plans

Service sector plans

Industrial sector plans Transportation plans

Environmental plans

Leisure and amenity plans

Clear governance

This allows for

Organized development Planning for housing

Efficient delivery ofpublic services

Planning for transportand amenities

Clustering of industries

Improvements in

sustainability and qualityof life

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Copyright Enright , Scott & Associates, Ltd. 2011 4

Shanghais Four Functional Areas


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Shanghai CBDs and City Sub-Centers

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Three Service Cluster Strips and Twelve Modern Service Cluster

Zones in the Central City District of Shanghai

Sleepless ModernTransport Business

Area

Northern BundShipping Services

Area

Jiangwan-Five CornerScience-Tech Education

Business Area

Nanjing West RoadProfessional Services

Business Area

Changfeng EcologicalBusiness Area

Hongqiao Foreign BusinessArea

Xujiahui Knowledge

Culture ComprehensiveBusiness Area

Huaihai Zhong Road

International FashionBusiness Area

Pudong Word ExpoHuamu

International Exhibition andConvention Cluster Area

Xizang Road Renmin SquareLoop Modern Business Area

Zhangjiang High-tech CreativeCulture and Information service

Industry Cluster Area

Bund and Lujiazui Financial

and Trade Area

Huangpu River Cluster Strip

Suzhou Creek ClusterStrip

YanAn RoadCenturyAvenue Strip

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Shanghai New Town Layout

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Suburban Modern Services Zones


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Shanghais Main Manufacturing Industries Layout


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State-Level Development Zones


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Municipal-Level Development Zones


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Shanghais Inter-city Transport Network


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Shanghais Intra-city Rail Transportation Network


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Shanghais Basic Ecological Network Planning


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Good Planning can Create

Game Changer Investments

High-rise public housing in Hong Kong andSingapore

New international airport in Hong Kong

New transportation hub and CBD in Shanghai

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Public Housing in Hong Kong and Singapore

The Problem

Large influxes of refugees

Substandard housing Marginal, dangerous living

Impossible to provide publicservices and utilities

The Solution

Large scale, high risehousing provided by

government

Rental and sale depending

on income levels

The Results

40% of Hong Kongpopulation in public

housing 80% of Singapore

population in publiclyprovided housing

Two of the safest cities inthe world

Two of the best organized interms of infrastructure

Vast improvements in

productivity

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Public housing was one of the most important steps that allowedHong Kong and Singapore to go from 3rd world to 1st world


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New International Airport in Hong Kong

The Problem

Obsolete airport

Running overcapacity

Dangerous approaches Completely unsuitable to support a modern economy

Hong Kong in danger of losing international business

The Solution

Hong Kong International Airport Airport express railway

Worlds longest road-rail bridge

New road tunnel

Intensive surrounding development

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HKIA voted worlds best airport 12 years running. Aviation andaviation-dependent industries account for nearly 20% of the economy.

Hong Kongs position as Asias World City enhanced.


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New Transport Hub and CBD in Shanghai

The Problem

No urban center for the western part of Shanghai

Limited transportation linkages with neighboring cities

Limited long haul rail linkages

Overcrowded domestic airport with poor linkages to

downtown The Solution

Hongqiao Area Transportation Hub

Intensive surrounding development

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The new projects and surrounding development will decongest thecity and allow Shanghai to enhance its position as a leading world city


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The Transportation Hub

Hongqiao Airport Second runway and new

terminal Annual passenger throughput

30 million to 40 million

Maglev Train *

10 tracks and 10 platforms Annual passenger throughput20 million

Commuter and Intercity Rail 30 rail tracks and 16 platforms Annual passenger throughput

100 million to 120 million

Intra-city Rail Six intra-city rail lines

Two subway stations

Roads Highways and express

roads

Arterial, sub-arterial, andother roads

Bus Station Annual passenger capacity

10 million

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Copyright Enright , Scott & Associates, Ltd. 20112006-12-22/ 2007-06-12

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1700m1700m

1240m1240m460m460m

460m460m

40m170m 90m 120m30m10m

Dimensions


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The Hub Area Project

Context

Chinas development

Regional development Shanghai development

Lessons from

Airport relateddevelopment

Intercity and local raildevelopment

Polycentric cities

Impacts of regionallinkages

Assess potential for

High-end services

Second-tier services Local services

Logistics

High-tech manufacturing

Mid and low-techmanufacturing

Creative and culturalindustries

Amenities, entertainment,green spaces, publicspaces

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Basic Layout of Hub Area


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Land Areas in Hub Area


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Main Roads


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Local Rail Transportation


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The Moral of the Story Long term planning allows difficult issues to be

tackled Long term planning allows for a focus on solutions

rather than problems

Experience shows that even very difficult issues(such as transport bottlenecks and housing) thatcities face can be overcome through good planning

and execution

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Thank you

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Documents

Long Range Planning and City Development in East Asia