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London, 28.06.01 1
IPv6 for mobile usersIPv6 for mobile users
Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Fritsche
IABG
IBC IPv6 conference
London, 28.06.01 2
Diversity of today's available mobile devices
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Source: UMTS-Forum
Mobile Subscriber
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
year
[mil
lio
n]
Mobile InternetSubscriber
Mobile Subscriber
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Proceedings of Barcelona:
• 96 out of 226 documents contained IP
• 23 of those IPv6
IAB Wireless Workshop (RFC 3002):
• Recommendation for the use of IPv6
• Recommendation for the use of Mobile IPv6
Enabling UMTS / 3G Services and Applications (No. 11)
• Suitability of Mobile IPv6 for cellular networks
• Mentioning of missing functionality (e.g. AAA)
Proceedings of Washington:
• 20 out of 32 presentations mentioned Mobility
• 5 of those only
Growing together: Internet and cellular communication
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Cooperation
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Mobility in the Mobility in the
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Mobile IPv6 -
Mobility in the Next Generation Internet
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network A
network BInternet
Mobile IPv6
Transparency
Routing
Mobility• Growing number of mobile Internet users
• Mobility support in the Internet needed
• Transparent mobility for all layers above IP
• Compatible with each routing protocol
• Influences routing of packets
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Protocol stack
IPv6
TCPv6 UDPv6
IPv4
TCPv4 UDPv4
Link Layer Interface
ApplicationsUser-Mode
Kernel-Mode
SocketInterface
Mobile IPv6
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Terms used in Mobile IPv6
Node, which can change its access point tothe Internet while still being reachable underits Home Address.
Mobile Node
Router located at the Mobile Node’s home networkused by the Mobile Node for registering its c/o-Address.
Home Agent
Static IP Address of the Mobile Node valid at itshome network.
Home Address
Temporary IP Address of the Mobile Node valid at theactually visited network of the Mobile Node (c/o = care-of).
C/o-Address
Association of the Home Address with the c/o-Address.Binding
Cache for received Bindings.Binding Cache
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Example
Internet
Home Agent
R
R
R
Home network A
Network B
Network C
Corresp. Node C
R Router
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Internet
Mobile Node sends Binding Update
Home Agent replies with Binding Acknowledgement
Home Agent
Mobile Node
R
R
RNetwork B
Network C
Network A
Corresp.Node C
Mobile Node registers at its Home Agent
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Triangle Routing
Internet
Corresp. Node C initiates communication with Mobile Node and sends packets to MN‘s home address
Home Agent intercepts packets and forward them to the Mobile Node (proxy functionality)
Mobile Node replies directly to Corresp. Node C
Home Agent
R
Mobile Node
R
R
Network B
Network C
Network A
Corresp.Node C
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Route Optimization
Internet
Mobile Node sends Binding Update to Corresp. Node C
Corresp. Node C sends following packets directly to c/o address of Mobile Node
Home Agent
R Mobile Node
R
R
Network B
Network C
Network A
Corresp.Node C
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Internet
Mobile Node sends Binding Updates to Home Agent and all Corresp. Nodes, which already received a previous Binding Update from this Mobile Node
Home Agent
R
R
R
R
Network B
Network C
Network A Network D
Corresp.Node C
Mobile IPv6 Roaming
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InternetMobile Node
Home Agent 2
Home Agent 3
Mobile Node sends Binding Update to the Home AgentsAnycast Address of its home network
One Home Agent answers with Binding Acknowledgement containing a list of available Home Agents
Home Agent 1
R
R
Home Agent 3 9Home Agent 1 2Home Agent 2 -3
Home Agents List Priority
Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery
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Mobile Node sends Binding Update to the first Home Agentcontained in the Home Agents List
Binding Acknowledgement completes Registration process
InternetMobile Node
Home Agent 2
Home Agent 3
Home Agent 1
R
R
Home Agent 3 9Home Agent 1 2Home Agent 2 -3
Home Agents List Priority
Registration at selected Home Agent
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Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 -
Further optimizations to Mobile IPv6
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Hierarchical Mobile IPv6
Scalability
Handoff
Hierarchy• Extension to Mobile IPv6
• Introduces hierarchical registration scheme
• Not always registration to Home Agent necessary
• Local registration decreases Handoff delay
Mobile Node
ARMAP B
ARAR
AR
MAP A
AR
Internet
R
Home Agent
MAP
Access Router
Mobility Anchor PointAR
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Home Agent
R
MobilityDomain A
MAP
AR AR
MobilityDomain B
MAP
AR
ARAR
Internet
Home network
Example 1: Mobility within Domain
Mobile NodeMobile Node
Binding UpdateBU
BU
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Home Agent
R
MobilityDomain A
MAP
AR AR
MobilityDomain B
MAP
AR
ARAR
Internet
Home network
Mobile Node Mobile NodeBinding UpdateBU
BU
Example 2: Mobility between Domains
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128 bit IPv6 address space enables global address assignment to large user groups
Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration and Neighbor Discovery neither FAs nor DHCP server are necessary
IPv6 enables an efficient and dynamical localization of the HA
IPv6 Routing Header enables an efficient Route Optimization
Advantages Mobile IPv6 vs. Mobile IPv4
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IPv6 Destination Option enables co-existence of Mobile IPv6 and Ingress-Filtering
Mobile IPv6 control messages can be sent piggybacked with IPv6 packets
Due to parallel standardization of Mobile IPv6 and IPv6 special requirements are easier to regard
...
draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-13.txt
Advantages Mobile IPv6 vs. Mobile IPv4 (ctnd.)
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Mobile IPv6 implementations
Windows NT, Windows 2000
Linux
Windows NT,
IP Edge Device
... and others
BSD
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Standardization
within IETF
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• WG in the Routing Area of the IETF
• Dealing with Macro-Mobility issues
• Mobile IPv6 on Internet Draft status (version 13)
• Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 on Internet Draft status (Version 2)
• AAA Requirements for Mobile IPv6 on RFC status (2977)
Mobile IP WG
• New WG in the Transport Area of the IETF
• Dealing with Micro-Mobility issues
• Investigation in Handoff mechanisms
• Investigation in Context Transfer (AAA, QoS, Security) during Handoff
• Investigation in Paging Possibilities at IP layer
• Close co-operation with 3G
Seamoby WG
Standardization
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Mobility in the Mobility in the
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3GPP
All-IP Reference Architecture
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Source: 3GPP
GfGi
Iu-ps'
Iu
GiMr
Gi
Ms
Gi
R Uu
MGW
Gn
Gc
TE MT UTRAN
Gr
SGSN GGSN
EIR
MGCF
R-SGW
MRF
MultimediaIPNetworks
PSTN/Legacy/External
Mm
Mw
Mc
Cx
R Um
TE MT GERAN
Mh
CSCF
CSCF
Mg
T-SGW *)
T-SGW *)
HSS *)
HSS *)
MSC server GMSC server
McMc
MAP
MAP
MGWNb
Nc
Iu
Iu
R-SGW *)
Mh
no IPv6 IPv6 optional IPv6 mandatory
All-IP Reference Architecture
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GSM and Mobile IP
in the UMTS IP Core Network
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Iu
IGSN
UTRAN
HA
UTRAN
RNS
RNS
RNS
R
R
HLRetc.
Iur
Internet
HA
MAPIP
R R
HA
IGSN
IGSN
FA
FA
FA
filter
IP network
IGSN Internet GPRS Support NodeR RouterHA Home AgentFA Foreign Agent
Source: 3GPPMobile IP
Mobile IP in the UMTS IP Core Network
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Mobility in the Mobility in the 5. Framework Information Societies
Technology
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• Start: 01.01.2001
• Project duration: 24 months
• Total project costs - 5.9 M€
• EU partner plus partner from Switzerland, USA, Canada, Japan and
Korea
Core data
• Wireless (Wireless LAN und 3G) and wired transmission techniques
• Establishment of an European testbed
• Use of IPv6 as much as possible
• Investigation in Mobility, Location based Services, Security, ...
• Support of medical applications
Content
Characteristic
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RUS
Partner
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Internet
companysite 1
companysite 2
IPSecGateway
IPSecGateway
?
Road Warrior
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Summary
Both “sides”, Internet and Cellular Communication, have recognized the promising potential of the Mobile Internet market
IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 are seen as an efficient and scalable solution for the future Mobile Internet
Co-operation between organizations of the Internet and Cellular Communication side are established
Numerous research activities take place in the area of IPv6 for mobile users
From the technical side not all problems are solved now - but we are doing a good job here
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www.ipv6.iabg.de
www.ietf.org
www.3gpp.org
www.6winit.com
Links
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Iu
CN
UTRAN
HA
UTRAN
RNS
RNS
RNS
IP network
HLRetc.
Iur
filter Internet
MAP
HA
HA
R
Gp
SGSN
GGSN
GGSNFASGSN
PLMNbackbone
GGSN
SGSN
BG
BG Border GatewayR RouterHA Home AgentFA Foreign Agent
Source: 3GPP
Mobile IPfunctionality
Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step1
• FA functionality is located at GGSN
• One FA in a PLMN is enough ==> Mobile IP roaming between different PLMNs
• Mobile Node is informed about FA and care-of address by PDP context set-up
• Additional support of GPRS roaming (support of PLMNs without FAs)
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Iu
UTRAN
HA
UTRAN
RNS
RNS
RNS
RHLRetc.
Iur
Internet
HA
HA
MAP
IP
R
R
Gp
R
Gi
IP network
filter
SGSN
PLMN backb
.
BG
BG Border GatewayR RouterHA Home AgentFA Foreign Agent
SGSN
GGSNFA
SGSN GGSNFA
GGSN
FA
Source: 3GPP
Mobile IPfunctionality
Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step2
• More FAs can be present in a single PLMN
• FA closest to SGSN should be used Mobile IP roaming also within a single PLMN possible
• Still additional support of GPRS roaming (support of PLMNs without FAs)
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Source: 3GPP
Mobile IPfunctionality
Iu
IGSN
UTRAN
HA
UTRAN
RNS
RNS
RNS
R
R
HLRetc.
Iur
Internet
HA
MAPIP
R R
HA
IGSN
IGSN
FA
FA
FA
filter
IP network
IGSN Internet GPRS Support NodeR RouterHA Home AgentFA Foreign Agent
Introduction of Mobile IP in the 3GPP CN - Step3
• SGSN and GGSN functionality combined into IGSNs
• Each IGSN supports Mobile IP (together with NAI, AAA, ...)
• Mobile IP roaming used inside CN and between PLMNs
