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Lock Performance
ByWesley W. Wilson
University of Oregon and IWR
Purpose of StudyThe inland waterway consists of the river and a series of locks and dams that allow the river to be navigated.The capacity and use of the waterway depends on lock performance.There is a wealth of information on locks and lock performance which can be used to estimate the effects of particular lock characteristics on performance.
PurposeTo develop and estimate a model of lock performance as a function
of lock and “flotilla” characteristics.
LocksLocks: Necessary to make the river navigatable.
River
Lock
River
Pool 1
Pool 2
Flotillas and LockagesA flotilla consists of a power vessel and a set of barges which have different configurations and dimensions.Locks have a fixed set of dimensions.Single Lockage: Flotilla can pass through in one “cut”.Double Lockage: Flotilla must take two cuts to pass through the lock.
Single LockageApproach the lockEnter the chamberGates closeLock is filled (or emptied)Open gatesExit the lock.
Double LockageApproach the lockEnter the chamberUncouple and back out second cut (*)Close gatesFill (empty) the lock chamberOpen gatesFirst cut exits (*)Close gates (*)Fill (empty) the lock chamber (*)Open gates (*)Second cut enters lock chamber (*)Close gates (*)Fill (empty) the lock chamber (*)Open gates (*)Recouple the tow (*)Exit
Lock CharacteristicsAgeDimensions (length and width)Gate TypesNumber of chambersLift
Upper Miss LocksAge
29 LocksYear opened ranges from 1922 – 1990
Decade Opened
0 5 10 15 20 25
20s
30s
40s
50s
60s
90s
Dec
ade
Ope
ned
Number of Locks Opened
Lock Length
Length of Locks
1 3 1
21
3
0
10
20
30
360 400 500 600 1200
Length
Num
ber
of Locks
Lock DimensionsStandard Lock on UMISS is 110 by 600.
_______________________________________________ Width
Length 56 110 Total
400 3 0 3 500 0 1 1 600 0 22 21
1200 0 3 3
Total 3 26 29
Lift Lift Freq. Percent5 1 3.456 1 3.457 1 3.458 4 13.799 4 13.7910 4 13.7911 3 10.3412 2 6.9015 2 6.9016 1 3.4521 1 3.4524 1 3.4525 1 3.4538 2 6.9049 1 3.45
Total 29 100.00
Flotilla CharacteristicsFlotilla is a tow-barge configuration that passes through a lock. In 2000, there were about 69,989 flotillas on the UMiss that were used in the analysis.
Flotilla DataOver 69,000 observations (flotillas are tow/barge passages through a lock)Characteristics:Number of barges per flotilla:
21850
39969
8170
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
<=6
7-15
>15
Series1
Flotilla DataFlotilla Lengths
17392
52573
24
0 20000 40000 60000
<600
601-1200
>1200
Flotilla Width
12305
57647
35
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
<=56
57-110
>110
Flotilla Draft
16112
1110
46909
5858
0 20000 40000 60000
3 or less
3 to 6
6-9
Greater than 9
CharacteristicsNumber of cuts1-33,945 (48.5%)2-36,043 (51.5%)
Up and Down River Cuts35,319 Down River34,670 Up River
Day versus Night38,481 (55%) Day
Cuts and Month
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lockage TypesTYPE Number Percent
C - Consecutive 35,560 51 J - Jackknife 9 0K - Knockout 6,231 9 S - Straight 26,894 38 T - Barge Transfer 68 0 V - Set over 1,224 2 Z - Other 3 0
Mechanical AssistType Number Percent I - Tow with Bow Thrusters 70 0J - Tow haulage (e.g., winch) 23186 33
(e.g., winch, kevel)K – Hydraulic 11474 16N – Tow and Barge equip 780 1
(e.g., winch, kevel) None 34694 50
Processing Time(End of lockage-Start of Lockage-Stoppage)
Mean 77 minutes50% 79 minutes
0.0
05
.01
.01
5
De
nsity
0 50 100 150 200(mean) tot_pro
Lock Length and Processing Time
0 20 40 60 80 100
360
500
1200
Lock L
ength
Minutes
Lock Times-Size and CutsLock Minutes
All Single Multiple400-56 29 29 .500-110 43 43 108600-110 92 39 1101200-110 49 48 .
All 78 42 110
Econometric ModelTime = f(Lock, Flotilla, Vessel, Passage, Time of day)
Lock: Dummies for width and lengthLiftAge
Flotilla: Length, width, number of bargesVessel: Horse power and dummy for tugboat or not.Passage: Dummies for single or double cuts
Dummy for “first in queue” or notTime of day: Dummy for night or day.
Unobserved factors: River conditions, lockmaster rules.
Results-Lock Types (R2=83)Lock (600 by 110 base) 1200 by 110 -.2779012 .0061766 -44.99 400 by 56 -.4273209 .0085801 -49.80 500 by 110 -.0983614 .0077284 -12.73
log_lift .1643288 .004017 40.91log_age .0649217 .0028885 22.48
Flotilla Effectslog-length .6141746 .0079148 77.60
log_width .0086608 .0085224 1.02
log_area/NUMBAR -.0982405 .0078662 -12.49
Vessel Effects
v_hp .0311656 .0069811 4.46v_length -.0580582 .008854 -6.56v_brea~h -.0324201 .0145776 -2.22v_age .0383967 .003187 12.05v_draft .2432245 .0070532 34.48tugboat -.0063391 .002503 -2.53
Passage Resultsmult .5943969 .0044403 133.86daytime -.056563 .0020391 -27.74q_1 .194837 .0022855 85.25upriver -.0717073 .0020738 -34.58