Locgov 2nd Batch Digest

8/10/2019 Locgov 2nd Batch Digest

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Digester: JFD MADARANG

ARSADI DISOMANGCOP and RAMIR DIMALOTANG vs. SECRETARY OF DPWH SIMEON DATUMANONG and SECRETARY OF BUDGETAND MANAGEMENT EMILIA BONCODIN25 November 2004 : J. TINGA

DOCTRINE: Decenta!"#at"$n "s a dec"s"$n %& t'e centa! ($ven)ent a*t'$"#"n( "ts s*%$d"nates+ ,'et'e (e$(a-'"ca!!& $*nct"$na!!& de"ned+ t$ e/ec"se a*t'$"t& "n ceta"n aeas. Decenta!"#at"$n c$)es "n t,$ $)s0dec$ncentat"$n and dev$!*t"$n.Dec$ncentat"$n "s ad)"n"stat"ve "n nat*e1 "t "nv$!ves t'e tanse $ *nct"$ns $ t'e de!e(at"$n $ a*t'$"t& and es-$ns"%"!"t& $)t'e nat"$na! $"ce t$ t'e e("$na! and !$ca! $"ces. Dev$!*t"$n+ $n t'e $t'e 'and+ c$nn$tes -$!"t"ca! decenta!"#at"$n+ $ t'e tanse $-$,es+ es-$ns"%"!"t"es+ and es$*ces $ t'e -e$)ance $ ceta"n *nct"$ns $) t'e centa! ($ven)ent t$ !$ca! ($ven)ent *n"ts.T$ t'"s end+ At. 2.Sec. 34 $ t'e C$nst"t*t"$n !")"ts t'e -$,e $ t'e Pes"dent $ve a*t$n$)$*s e("$ns. In essence+ t'e -$v"s"$n a!s$c*ta"!s t'e -$,e $ C$n(ess $ve a*t$n$)$*s e("$ns.

Petitioners:

Disomangco is t!e "I#$ "%%ice o% t!e District &ngineer o% t!e First &ngineering District o% DP'()ARMM$ *anao +e, -r /DP'()ARMM)

F&D$ !erea%ter

Dima,otang is t!e &ngineer II o% t!e DP'()ARMM)F&D$ an+ Presi+ent o% t!e ran1 an+ %i,e em,oes o% t!e DP'()ARMM)F&D.Reson+ents:

D3M -ecretar$ ettitioners ante+ to come, !er to re,ease %n+s aroriate+ %or b,ic or1s roects in Marai #it an+ *anao +e, -r

to t!e DP'()ARMM)F&D6 an+

DP'( -ecretar$ to come, !im to a,,o t!e DP'()ARMM)F&D to im,ement a,, b,ic or1s roects it!in its ris+ictiona, area

FA#T-: In 7898$ RA ;igi,ar isse+ D" 778 creating t!e DP'( Marai -b)District &ngineering "%%ice !ic! s!a,, !ave

ris+iction over nationa, in%rastrctre roects n+er t!e DP'( it!in Marai #it and the province of Lanao del Sur. In 2007$ Pres. &stra+a signe+ into ,a RA 9888 estab,is!ing t!e First &ngineering District o% *anao +e, -r$ !ic! inc,+es t!e #it o%

Marai and the municipalities in the First District of Lanao del Sur. A,so in 2007$ RA 8054 amen+ing RA ;


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'"N D" 778 isnconstittiona,

D" 778 isnconstittiona,. It asisse+ it! graveabse o% +iscretion. Ita,so vio,ates t!e

atonom o% t!eARMM %or it tas1e+ t!eMarai -b)District&ngineering "%%iceit! %nctions t!at!ave a,rea+ been+evo,ve+ to t!eDP'()ARMM)F&D

D" 778 isconstittiona,. It asisse+ in accor+anceit! &Bective "r+erNo. 724$ reorganiCing

t!e t!en)Ministr o%Pb,ic 'or1s an+(ig!as.

D" 778 creating t!e Marai -b)District &ngineering "%%ice !ic!

!as ris+iction over in%rastrctre roects it!in Marai #it an+*anao +e, -r is v"$!at"ve $ t'e -$v"s"$ns $ EO 564. T!eo%%ice create+ n+er D" 778$ !aving essentia,, t!e same oers$is a +,ication o% t!e DP'()ARMM)F&D %orme+ n+er t!e aegis

o% &" 42. &" 724$ on !ic! D" 778 is base+$ is a genera, ,a

reorganiCing t!e Ministr o% Pb,ic 'or1s an+ (ig!as !i,e &"42 is a secia, ,a trans%erring t!e contro, an+ servision o% t!eDP'( o%%ices it!in ARMM to t!e Atonomos Regiona,Government. T!e ,atter statte seci%ica,, a,ies to DP'()

ARMM o%%ices. E.O. 365 s'$*!d t'ee$e ("ve ,a& t$ E.O. 564in t!e instant case.

In an event$ t!e ARMM "rganic Acts an+ t!eir rati%ication in a

,ebiscite in e%%ect serse+e+ &" 724. With the repeal of EO124 which is the basis of DO 119 it necessaril! follows that DO119 was also rendered functus officio b! the "#$$ Or%anic "cts&

'"N RA 9888isnconstittiona,

RA 9888 is a iece o%,egis,ation t!at as notinte,,igent, an+t!orog!, st+ie+. Nob,ic !earing norcons,tation it! t!eDP'()ARMM asma+e. T!e (ose#ommittee on Pb,ic'or1s an+ (ig!as%ai,e+ to invite a sing,eo%%icia, %rom t!e

a%%ecte+ agenc. It ass1i,,%,, time+ %orsignatre b %ormerPresi+ent &stra+a+ring t!e en+enc o%t!e imeac!mentrocee+ings.

RA 9888 isconstittiona,. T!eoers o% t!eatonomos regions+i+ not +iminis! t!e,egis,ative oer o%#ongress.

It is not necessar to +ec,are RA 9888 nconstittiona, becase "tneve %eca)e $-eat"ve an+ as s*-eseded $ e-ea!ed %&s*%se7*ent enact)ent.

T!e ARMM "rganic Acts are +eeme+ a art o% t!e regiona,

atonom sc!eme. '!i,e t!e are c,assi%ie+ as stattes$ t!e"rganic Acts are more t!an or+inar stattes becase t!e enoa%%irmation b a ,ebiscite. (ence$ t!e rovisions t!ereo% cannotbe amen+e+ b an or+inar statte$ sc! as RA 9888 /!ic! asneve s*%)"tted "n a -!e%"sc"te in t!is case. T!e amen+ator,a !as to be sbmitte+ to a ,ebiscite.

RA 9888 as reea,e+ an+ serse+e+ b RA 8054. RA 8054 is

anc!ore+ on t!e 789; #onstittion. It a+vances t!e constittiona,grant o% atonom. RA 9888$ !oever$ ventres to reestab,is! t!eNationa, Governments ris+iction over in%rastrctre rograms in*anao +e, -r. RA 9888 is atent, inconsistent it! RA 8054$an+ it +estros t!e ,atter ,as obective. RA 9888 contravenestre +ecentra,iCation !ic! is t!e essence o% regiona, atonom.

Disositive Portion: '(&R&F"R&$ consi+ering t!at RA 8054 reea,e+ RA 9888 an+ ren+ere+ DP'( D" 778 %ncts o%%icio$ t!e etition inso%aras it see1s t!e rits o% certiorari an+ ro!ibition is GRANT&D.


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Isse 7

Pre,iminarMatters

P&TITI"N&R-#"NT&NTI"N:

R&-P"ND&NT-#"NT&NTI"N:

7. #ertiorari is t!erong reme+

2. Proc,amation o%Di,anga,en as inner int!e e,ections moote+

t!e etition

-reme #ort

7. Tre$ t!e #"M&* +i+ not isse Reso,tion No. ;802 in t!e eBerciseo% its +icia, or =asi)+icia, %nctions. Nor is t!ere a ,a !ic!

seci%ica,, enoins t!e #"M&* to eBc,+e %rom canvassing t!e votescast in #otabato #it %or reresentative o% ?-!ari%% abnsan Provinceit! #otabato #it.@ T!ese$ !oever$ +o not sti% t!e otrig!t +ismissa, o%t!e etition becase -ema a,so rae+ %or t!e issance o% t!e rit o%Pro!ibition an+ e !ave ,ong recogniCe+ t!is rit as roer %or testing t!econstittiona,it o% e,ection ,as$ r,es$ an+ reg,ations

2. Petition is not moot becase t!is case +oesnt concern Di,anga,ense,ection. T!is case i,, a%%ect a,, t!e ot!er sccee+ing e,ections %or t!eo%%ice in =estion$ as e,, as t!e oer o% t!e ARMM Regiona, Assemb, tocreate in t!e%tre a++itiona, rovinces.

'"N -ec 78Art>I o% RA 8054+e,egating tot!e

ARMM Regiona,Assemb, t!e

Knconstittiona, #onstittiona, Knconstittiona,


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oer to createrovinces isconstittiona,L

7. It is a va,i++e,egation b

#ongress to ARMMo% t!e oer to createrovinces.

Art -ec 20 grantsto atonomosregions t!rog! t!eirorganic acts$ t!e,egis,ative oer toromote genera,e,%are.

7. Atonomos regions+ont !ave t!e oer to

create rovinces n+erArt -ec 20 o% #onsti.Provinces mst becreate+ b #ongress.

A. A,t!og! t!e #onstittion +oesntro!ibit regiona, ,egis,ative bo+ies %rom creating mnicia,ities an+

barangas$t!ese bo+ies cann$t ceate -$v"nces and c"t"es becase t!e creation o%rovinces or cities e7*"es a!s$ t'e ceat"$n $ a !e("s!at"ve d"st"ct./&ver rovince mst !ave areresentative6 once a cits onreac!es 250$ it is atomatica,, entit,e+ to reresentation

2. It is a va,i+amen+ment to -ec

o% RA;70

2. T!e oer grante+to t!e Regiona,

Assemb, to rescribestan+ar+s ,oert!an -ec 47 o% *G# iscontrar to Art -ec70 an+ e=a,rotection c,ase

7. Kn+er Art >I -ec o% t!e #onstittion$ t!e oer to increasemembers!i in t!e

(ose o% Res an+ to reaortion,egis,ative +istricts is veste+ eBc,sive, in #ongress.

T!e grant o% oer toroosestan+ar+s ,oer t!anRA ;70 in creatingrovinces s!o,+ntbe ta1en too ,itera,,.

It s!o,+ beconstre+ asro!ibiting t!eRegiona, assemb,%rom rescribingstan+ar+s t!at +ontcom, it! t!eminimm criterian+er RA ;70

2. #ongress is a nationa, ,egis,atre an+ an increase in its members!imst be t!rog! a nationa, ,a. An in%erior ,egis,ative bo+ cannot c!angemembers!i o% t!e serior ,egis,ative bo+.


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,egis,ative +istricts

4. Kn+er RA 8054$ t!e ARMM "rganic Act$ t!e Regiona, Assemb, cannoteBercise ,egis,ative oer over nationa,e,ections.

5. ARMM o,+ be eBercising ,egis,ative oers otsi+e its territoria,

risi+iction3. -ec 78$ Artic,e >I o% RA 8054 a,,oing t!e ARMM Regiona, Assemb, tocreate rovinces an+ cities it!ot regar+ to t!e criteria %iBe+ in -ection47 o% RA ;70 i,, n+ermine t!e comosition an+ in+een+ence o% t!e(ose o% Res. T!e %% scenarios i,, be ossib,e: a It can increase t!emembers!i o% t!e (ose o% Res beon+ 250 ,imit b Proortiona,reresentation base+ on 7 re %or ever 250$000 eo,e i,, be negate+cReresentatives %rom ARMM can become '"N -ec 78 Art t!e maoritin t!e (ose

'"N -ec 78Art t!e maoritin t!e (ose

>I o% RA 8054create+ a ne,egis,ative+istrictL

es. No$ t!e rovision is nconstittiona,.

7. T!e Province o%-!ari%% abnsan isatomatica,, entit,e+to one member in t!e(ose o% Res inMa 200; e,ections

7. Fe,a +oesnt a, becase in t!at case$ t!e ne rovinces erecreate+ b #ongress. It on, teac!es t!at t!e creation o% a ,egis,ative+istrict +oesnt emanate %rom t!e oer to reaortion a,one bt a,so %romt!e oer to create rovinces

2. Fe,a v -a,as:'!en a rovince is

create+$ t!ecorreson+ingreresentative+istrict comes intoeBistence

2. -staining -emas t!eor i,, ,eave #otabato #it as t!e ,onecomonent o% t!e %irst ,egis,ative +istrict. It !as a o,ation o% 7I -ec 5/


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Digester: Geronimo$ -tan#A-& TIT*&: i+a vs. -enate /DecisionDate o% #ase: 2077 "ctober

DOCTRINE: C$n(ess acted ,"t'"n "ts -$,es and -*s*ant t$ a c$nst"t*t"$na! )andate 8 t'e s&nc'$n"#at"$n $ nat"$na! and !$ca!

e!ect"$ns 8 ,'en "t enacted RA N$. 393;. T'"s C$*t cann$t 7*est"$n t'e )anne %& ,'"c' C$n(ess *ndet$$< t'"s tas< n$ can t'eC$*t -es*)e t$ d"ctate t'e )eans %& ,'"c' C$n(ess s'$*!d addess ,'at "s essent"a!!& a !e("s!at"ve -$%!e).

Pet"t"$ne:

Datu Michael Abas Kida

in his personal capacity and inrepresentation of MaguindanaoFederation of AutonomousIrrigators Association, etc.

Other petitioners include Rep. Edcel Lagman and Jacinto aras as a mem!er of the "ouse ofRepresentati#es, Atty. Romulo Macalintal as a ta$payer, Louis %&aro'( &iraogo

Res-$ndent:

Senate of the Philippines,Executive Secretary Paquito Ochoa, COMELEC

FA#T-:

1. On June 30, 2011, RA No 101!3, entit"e# $An Act Provi#in% &or the Synchroni'ation o& the E"ection( in the Autono)ou( Re%ion in Mu("i) Min#anao

*ARMM+ ith the Nationa" an# Loca" E"ection( an# &or Other Pur-o(e(. a( enacte# /he "a re(et the ARMM e"ection( &ro) the th o& Au%u(t 2011, to the

(econ# Mon#ay o& May 2013 an# every 3 year( therea&ter, to coinci#e ith the country( re%u"ar nationa" an# "oca" e"ection( /he "a a( e"" %rante# the

Pre(i#ent the -oer to $a--oint o&&icer(inchar%e *OC(+ &or the O&&ice o& the Re%iona" 4overnor, the Re%iona" 5ice4overnor, an# the Me)6er( o& the

Re%iona" Le%i("ative A((e)6"y, ho (ha"" -er&or) the &unction( -ertainin% to the (ai# o&&ice( unti" the o&&icia"( #u"y e"ecte# in the May 2013 e"ection( (ha""

have qua"i&ie# an# a((u)e# o&&ice.


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78i(tory an# /rivia9 On Au%u(t 1, 1:: Con%re(( acte# throu%h RA No ;


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2. /he o6ective 6ehin# (ettin% a co))onter)ination #ate &or a"" e"ective o&&icia"( i( to

(ynchroni'e the ho"#in% o& a"" &uture e"ection(

hether nationa" or "oca" to once every three

year( /hi( intention &in#( &u"" (u--ort in the

#i(cu((ion( #urin% the Con(titutiona"Co))i((ion #e"i6eration(

3. A"thou%h ca""e# re%iona" e"ection(, theARMM e"ection( (hou"# 6e inc"u#e# a)on% the

e"ection( to 6e (ynchroni'e# a( it i( a $"oca".

e"ection 6a(e# on the or#in% an# (tructure o&

the Con(titution A 6a(ic ru"e in con(titutiona"

con(truction i( that the or#( u(e# (hou"# 6e

un#er(too# in the (en(e that they have in

co))on u(e an# %iven their or#inary )eanin%,

exce-t hen technica" ter)( are

e)-"oye# Dn#er(too# in it( or#inary (en(e, the

or# $"oca". re&er( to (o)ethin% that -ri)ari"y(erve( the nee#( o& a -articu"ar "i)ite# #i(trict,

ARMM o&&icia"( i"" (erve ithin the "i)ite#

re%ion o& ARMM

On th( i((ueo& Pre(i#ent(

Certi&ication onthe Dr%ency o&

RA No 101!3

RA No 101!3 i( uncon(titutiona" &or

it( &ai"ure to co)-"y ith the threerea#in%

require)ent o& Section 2;*2+, Artic"e 5 o&

the Con(titution

/he -hra(e exce-t hen the

Pre(i#ent certi&ie( to the nece((ity o&

it( i))e#iate enact)ent, etc in Art

5, Section 2;F2G qua"i&ie( the to

(tate# con#ition( 6e&ore a 6i"" can

6eco)e a "a9 FiG the 6i"" ha( -a((e#

three rea#in%( on (e-arate #ay( an#

FiiG it ha( 6een -rinte# in it( &ina" &or)

an# #i(tri6ute# three #ay( 6e&ore it i(

&ina""y a--rove#

1. n /o"entino v Secretary o& Hinance, the

court he"# that the -hra(e exce-t hen the

Pre(i#ent certi&ie( to the nece((ity o& it(

i))e#iate enact)ent, etc in Art 5, Section

2;F2G qua"i&ie( the to (tate# con#ition( 6e&ore

a 6i"" can 6eco)e a "a9 FiG the 6i"" ha( -a((e#

three rea#in%( on (e-arate #ay( an# FiiG it ha(

6een -rinte# in it( &ina" &or) an# #i(tri6ute#

three #ay( 6e&ore it i( &ina""y a--rove#


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RA No 101!3 &ai"( to co)-"y ith Section2;*2+, Artic"e 5 o& the Con(titution hich

-rovi#e( that 6e&ore 6i""( -a((e# 6y either

the 8ou(e or the Senate can 6eco)e "a(,

they )u(t -a(( throu%h three rea#in%( on

(e-arate #ay( /he exce-tion i( hen thePre(i#ent certi&ie( to the nece((ity o& the

6i""( i))e#iate enact)ent

2. n the -re(ent ca(e, the recor#( (ho that thePre(i#ent rote to the S-eaBer o& the 8ou(e o&

Re-re(entative( to certi&y the nece((ity o& the

i))e#iate enact)ent o& a "a (ynchroni'in%

the ARMM e"ection( ith the nationa" an# "oca"

e"ection( Ho""oin% our /o"entino ru"in%, thePre(i#ent( certi&ication exe)-te# 6oth the

8ou(e an# the Senate &ro) havin% to co)-"y

ith the three (e-arate rea#in%( require)ent

3. n any ca(e, #e(-ite the Pre(i#ent(

certi&ication, the to&o"# -ur-o(e that un#er"ie(

the require)ent &or three rea#in%( on (e-arate

#ay( o& every 6i"" )u(t a"ay( 6e o6(erve# to

ena6"e our "e%i("ator( an# other -artie(

intere(te# in -en#in% 6i""( to inte""i%ent"y

re(-on# to the) @e &in# that 6oth a#vocate(

an# the o--onent( o& the -ro-o(e# )ea(ure ha#

(u&&icient o--ortunitie( to -re(ent their vie(n thi( "i%ht, no rea(on exi(t( to nu""i&y RA No

101!3 on the cite# %roun#

On the i((ue o&

RA 101!3 6ein%

a)en#)ent( to RA

No :0!=

RA :1!0, :333 an# 101!3 a)en# RA

No :0!= an# thu(, have to co)-"y ith the

(u-er)aority vote an# -"e6i(cite

require)ent( -re(cri6e# un#er Section( 1

an# 3, Artic"e >5 o& RA No :0!= in

or#er to 6eco)e e&&ective

/he -o(t-one)ent o& the ARMM

re%u"ar e"ection( #oe( not con(titute

an a)en#)ent to Section


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/he e&&ectivity o& RA No :333 an# RANo 101!3 ha( a"(o 6een cha""en%e#

6ecau(e they #i# not co)-"y ith Section(

1 an# 3, Artic"e >5 o& RA No :0!= in

a)en#in% thi( "a *Act )ay on"y 6e

rea)en#e# or revi(e# 6y the Con%re(( o&the Phi"i--ine( u-on a vote o& tothir#(

*23+ o& the Me)6er( o& the 8ou(e o&

Re-re(entative( an# o& the Senate votin%

(e-arate"y an# a--rove# 6y a )aority o&

the vote ca(t in a -"e6i(cite ca""e# &or the

-ur-o(e xxx+

t a"(o #oe( not require a

-"e6i(cite a( (uch require)ent a--"ie(

on"y in the creation o& autono)ou(

re%ion( un#er -ara%ra-h 2, Section 1,

Artic"e > o& the 1:< Con(titution

2. /hi( vie that Con%re(( thou%ht it 6e(t to

"eave the #eter)ination o& the #ate o&

(uccee#in% ARMM e"ection( to "e%i("ative

#i(cretion &in#( (u--ort in ARMM( recent

hi(tory /he Hir(t Or%anic Act *RA No ;5 o& RA No :0!=


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3.Re: supermajority voting:Even a((u)in%that RA No :333 an# RA No 101!3 #i# in &act

a)en# RA No :0!=, the (u-er)aority *23+

votin% require)ent require# un#er Section 1,

Artic"e >5 o& RA No :0!= ha( to 6e (trucB

#on &or %ivin% RA No :0!= the character o&an irre-ea"a6"e "a 6y requirin% )ore than hat

the Con(titution #e)an#( Section 1;*2+,

Artic"e 5 o& the Con(titution -rovi#e( that a

$)aority o& each 8ou(e (ha"" con(titute a

quoru) to #o 6u(ine((. n contra(t, Section 1,

Artic"e >5 o& RA No :0!= require( a vote o&

no "e(( than tothir#( *23+ o& the Me)6er( o&

the 8ou(e o& Re-re(entative( an# o& the Senate,

votin% (e-arate"y, in or#er to e&&ective"y a)en#

RA No :0!= C"ear"y, thi( 23 votin%

require)ent i( hi%her than hat the

Con(titution require( &or the -a((a%e o& 6i""(,an# (erve# to re(train the -"enary -oer( o&

Con%re(( to a)en#, revi(e or re-ea" the "a( it

ha# -a((e#

4. Re: plebiscite reuirement:the

en"ar%e)ent o& the -"e6i(cite require)ent

require# un#er Section 1, Artic"e > o& the

Con(titution to 6e exce((ive to -oint o&

a6(ur#ity an#, hence, a vio"ation o& the

Con(titution Section 1, Artic"e > o& the

Con(titution (tate( that the -"e6i(cite i( require#

on"y &or the creation o& autono)ou( re%ion( an#

&or #eter)inin% hich -rovince(, citie( an#%eo%ra-hic area( i"" 6e inc"u#e# in the

autono)ou( re%ion( @ith the(e or#in%( a(

(tan#ar#, e inter-ret the require)ent to )ean

that on"y a)en#)ent( to, or revi(ion( o&, the

Or%anic Act con(titutiona""ye((entia" to the

creation o& autono)ou( re%ion( /he #ate o& the

ARMM e"ection( #oe( not &a"" un#er any o& the

)atter( that the Con(titution (-eci&ica""y

)an#ate# Con%re(( to -rovi#e &or in the

Or%anic Act


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5 On thei((ue o& "oca"

autono)y%rante# to the

ARMM

a""e%e# vio"ation( o& the ri%ht o&

(u&&ra%e o& the -eo-"e o& ARMM Hace# ith the -ro6"e) o& ho to -rovi#e

the ARMM ith %overnance in the intervenin%

-erio# 6eteen the ex-iration o& the ter) o&

tho(e e"ecte# in Au%u(t 200 an# the

a((u)-tion to o&&ice 21 )onth( aay o&

tho(e ho i"" in in the (ynchroni'e#e"ection( on May 13, 2013, the Court i#enti&ie#

the three o-tion( o-en to Con%re(( in or#er to

re(o"ve thi( -ro6"e)

&ai"ure to a#here to the $e"ective an#

re-re(entative. character o& the executive

an# "e%i("ative #e-art)ent( o& the ARMM

o *1+ to a""o the e"ective o&&icia"( in the

ARMM to re)ain in o&&ice in a ho"# over

ca-acity, -ur(uant to Section


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2n# COMELEC ha( no authority to or#er(-ecia" e"ection( /he -oer to &ix the #ate o&

e"ection( i( e((entia""y "e%i("ative in nature

A&ter Con%re(( ha( (o acte#, neither the

Executive nor the Ju#iciary can act to the

contrary 6y or#erin% (-ecia" e"ection( in(tea# atthe ca"" o& the COMELEC

3r# /he Court ha( no -oer to (horten theter)( o& e"ective o&&icia"(, the Court i( not

e)-oere# to a#u(t the ter)( o& e"ective

o&&icia"( ?a(e# on the Con(titution, the -oer

to &ix the ter) o& o&&ice o& e"ective o&&icia"(,

hich can 6e exerci(e# on"y in the ca(e

o& 6aran%ay o&&icia"(, i( (-eci&ica""y %iven to

Con%re((

+ 34 )ection 0. 5he term of

o6ce of electi#e local o6cials,e$cept !arangay o6cials, -hichshall !e determined !yla-, shall !e three years and nosuch o6cial shall ser#e formore than three consecuti#eterms.

5 On the i((ue o&

a--oint)ent o&OC(

-etitioner( cha""en%e# the %rant to the

Pre(i#ent o& the -oer to a--oint OC( to

un#ertaBe the &unction( o& the e"ective

ARMM o&&icia"( unti" the o&&icia"( e"ecte#

un#er the May 2013 re%u"ar e"ection( (ha""have a((u)e# o&&ice Corro"ari"y,

/he Pre(i#ent can a--oint tho(e ho) thePre(i#ent )ay 6e authori'e# 6y "a to

a--ointI an# (ince the Pre(i#ent( authority to

a--oint OC( e)anate( &ro) RA No 101!3, it

&a""( un#er the thir# %rou- o& o&&icia"( that thePre(i#ent can a--oint -ur(uant to Section 1;,

Artic"e 5 o& the Con(titution /hu(, the

a((ai"e# "a &acia""y re(t( on c"ear con(titutiona"

6a(i(


15/155

the -oer o& a--oint)ent a"(o %ave thePre(i#ent the -oer o& contro" over the

ARMM, in co)-"ete vio"ation o& Section

1;, Artic"e > o& the Con(titution

A#)itte#"y, the %rant o& the -oer to thePre(i#ent un#er other (ituation( or here the

-oer o& a--oint)ent ou"# exten# 6eyon# the

a#u(t)ent -erio# &or (ynchroni'ation ou"# 6e

to &o(ter a %overn)ent that i( not $#e)ocratic

an# re-u6"ican. ?ut thi( conc"u(ion ou"# not6e true un#er the very "i)ite# circu)(tance(

conte)-"ate# in RA No 101!3 here the

-erio# i( &ixe# an#, )ore i)-ortant"y, the ter)(

o& %overnance 6oth un#er Section 1, Artic"e

> o& the Con(titution an# RA No :0!= i""

not (y(te)ica""y 6e touche# nor a&&ecte# at

a"" /o re-eat hat ha( -reviou("y 6een (ai#,

RA No :0!= i"" %overn unchan%e# an#

continuou("y, ith &u"" e&&ect in accor#ance ith

the Con(titution, (ave on"y &or the interi) an#

te)-orary )ea(ure( that (ynchroni'ation o&

e"ection( require(

Disositive Portion:

Court KSMSSEK the con(o"i#ate# -etition( a((ai"in% the va"i#ity o& RA No 101!3 &or "acB o& )erit, an# DP8ELK thecon(titutiona"ity o& thi( "a


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7M. Espinal89atu Michael A!as :ida #. )enate of the hilippines

Fe!. 0, /

9octrine; Where the Constitution has already provided for a xed term for local elective positions, andno express or implied legislative imprimatur for exercising power in a holdover capacity is given, the

President may by law be allowed to make the necessary appointments in the interim (i.e. until the

successors to such positions have been elected and ualied!.

etitioners; 7< consolidated cases8 9atu :ida, &asari Mapupuno, Rep. Edcel Lagman, Almarim 5illah, Atty. R.

Macalintal, Louis &iraogo, Jacinto aras

Respondents; )enate, *hair of *OMELE*, . Ochoa as E$ec. )ec.

FA*5);

5his Resolution resol#es the Motion for *onsideration =led !y petitioners follo-ing the *ourt>s decision of /,

-hich upheld the constitutionality of Repu!lic Act 7RA8 ?o. /@. ursuant to the constitutional mandate of

synchroniBation, RA ?o. /@ postponed the regional elections in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

7ARMM8 7-hich -ere scheduled to !e held on the second Monday of August /8 to the second Monday of May

/ and recogniBed the residentCs po-er to appoint o6cers1in1charge 7OI*s8 to temporarily assume these

positions upon the e$piration of the terms of the elected o6cials.

I))DE);

7a8 9oes the *onstitution mandate the synchroniBation of ARMM regional elections -ith national and localelections

7!8 9oes RA ?o. /@ amend RA ?o. /@G If so, does RA ?o. /@ ha#e to comply -ith the supermaHority

#ote and ple!iscite reuirements

7c8 Is the holdo#er pro#ision in RA ?o. /@G constitutional

7d8 9oes the *OMELE* ha#e the po-er to call for special elections in ARMM


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7e8 9oes granting the resident the po-er to appoint OI*s #iolate the electi#e and representati#e nature of

ARMM regional legislati#e and e$ecuti#e o6ces

7f8 9oes the appointment po-er granted to the resident e$ceed the residentCs super#isory po-ers o#er

autonomous regions

"eld;

a8 )ynchroniBation mandated !y the *onstitution includes the election for the autonomous regions. 5his is gleaned

from the 5ransitory ro#isions 7ARt. 2III8 and the corresponding deli!eration of the *onstitutional *ommission on

this matter. 5he intent, from the discussions, sho- that the proposal -as actually to start synchroniBing the local

elections in . 5here -as to !e a single election in for all electi#e o6cials from the resident do-n to the

municipal o6cials. )igni=cantly, the framers -ere e#en -illing to temporarily lengthen or shorten the terms of

electi#e o6cials in order to meet this o!Hecti#e, highlighting the importance of this constitutional mandate. ARMM-as not intended to !e a diKerent class as the *onstitution only spea's of national and local elections. Local

7meaning con=ned to a certain district8 circumscri!es the autonomous region. 5his negates the contention !y

petitioners that regional, pertaining to ARMM, is not local and that it should !e in a diKerent, distinct class.

Autonomous regions are pro#ided for under Art. 2 of the *onstitution, signifying the intent that they are li'e-ise

treated as a local go#ernment entity.

In construing pro#isions of the *onstitution, the =rst rule is #er!a legis, %that is, -here#er possi!le, the -ords used in

the *onstitution must !e gi#en their ordinary meaning e$cept -here technical terms are employed.( Applying this

principle to determine the scope of %local elections,( -e refer to the meaning of the -ord %local,( as understood in

its ordinary sense. As de=ned in e!sterCs 5hird ?e- International 9ictionary Dna!ridged, %local( refers tosomething %that primarily ser#es the needs of a particular limited district, often a community or minor political

su!di#ision.( O!#iously, the ARMM elections, -hich are held -ithin the con=nes of the autonomous region of Muslim

Mindanao, fall -ithin this de=nition.

5o !e sure, the fact that the ARMM possesses more po-ers than other pro#inces, cities, or municipalities is not

enough reason to treat the ARMM regional elections diKerently from the other local elections. D!i le$ non distinguit

nec nos distinguire de!emus. hen the la- does not distinguish, -e must not distinguish.


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!8 ?o. RA /@G merely =$ed the schedule of the =rst ARMM election. RA /@ merely =lled the #oid !y pro#iding for

the dates of the succeeding elections. 5he latter la- therefore cannot !e said to amend the former, as it only =lled a

gap and did not -or' to change or alter any of the former>s pro#isions. )imilarly, since RA ?o. /@ does not

amend, !ut merely =lls in the gap in RA ?o. /@G, there is no need for RA ?o. /@ to comply -ith the amendment

reuirements set forth in Article 2II of RA ?o. /@G 7supermaHority and ple!iscite8.

5he t-in reuirements, as elucidated in the main case !y the )*, only apply to amendatory pro#isions -hich

su!stanti#ely pertain to the creation of the autonomous region. 5he =$ing of the date of succeeding elections is not

such a pro#ision. Reuiring it to !e su!Hect to the supermaHority #ote only renders it irrepeala!le !y restraining the

legislati#e !ody to a stricter standard 7N #ote8 than that -hich the *onstitution ordinarily reuires. le!iscite is

li'e-ise not necessary for !eing an unreasona!le enlargement of the ple!iscite reuirement set forth in the

*onstitution. )ection 0, Article 2 of the *onstitution pro#ides that %3t4he creation of the autonomous region shall !e

eKecti#e -hen appro#ed !y maHority of the #otes cast !y the constituent units in a ple!iscite called for the

purpose3.4( e interpreted this to mean that only amendments to, or re#isions of, the Organic Act constitutionally1

essential to the creation of autonomous regions i.e., those aspects speci=cally mentioned in the *onstitution -hich*ongress must pro#ide for in the Organic Act34 reuire rati=cation through a ple!iscite. etitioner posits that RA

?o. /@, in gi#ing the resident the po-er to appoint OI*s to ta'e the place of the electi#e o6cials of the ARMM,

creates a fundamental change in the !asic structure of the go#ernment, and thus reuires compliance -ith the

ple!iscite reuirement em!odied in RA ?o. /@G. On the contrary, this pro#ision clearly preser#es the !asic

structure of the ARMM regional go#ernment -hen it recogniBes the o6ces of the ARMM regional go#ernment and

directs the OI*s -ho shall temporarily assume these o6ces to %perform the functions pertaining to the said o6ces.(

c8 5he petitioners essentially argue that the ARMM regional o6cials should !e allo-ed to remain in their respecti#e

positions until the May / elections since there is no speci=c pro#ision in the *onstitution -hich prohi!its regional

electi#e o6cials from performing their duties in a holdo#er capacity. 5he clear -ording of )ection 0, Article 2 of the*onstitution e$presses the intent of the framers of the *onstitution to categorically set a limitation on the period

-ithin -hich all electi#e local o6cials can occupy their o6ces. e ha#e already esta!lished that electi#e ARMM

o6cials are also local o6cials they are, thus, !ound !y the three1year term limit prescri!ed !y the *onstitution. It,

therefore, !ecomes irrele#ant that the *onstitution does not e$pressly prohi!it electi#e o6cials from acting in a

holdo#er capacity. )hort of amending the *onstitution, *ongress has no authority to e$tend the three1year term limit

!y inserting a holdo#er pro#ision in RA ?o. /@G. 5hus, the term of three years for local o6cials should stay at three

78 years, as =$ed !y the *onstitution, and cannot !e e$tended !y holdo#er !y *ongress. E#en assuming that a


19/155

holdo#er is constitutionally permissi!le, and there had !een statutory !asis for it 7namely )ection


20/155

appointments he already made. 5he appointment is only for a speci=c purpose 7as an interim measure to ensure

continuity of go#ernment and pu!lic ser#ice, and for a speci=c time 1 until the successors are duly elected and

uali=ed8. 5he adoption of this measure is a matter of necessity in order to comply -ith a mandate that the

*onstitution itself has set out. Moreo#er, the implementation of the pro#isions of RA ?o. /@ as an interim

measure is compara!le to the interim measures traditionally practiced -hen, for instance, the resident appointso6cials holding electi#e o6ces upon the creation of ne- local go#ernment units.

9ispositi#e;

35he petitioners> argument fails to ta'e into consideration the uniue factual and legal circumstances -hich led to

the enactment of RA ?o. /@. RA ?o. /@ -as passed in order to synchroniBe the ARMM elections -ith the

national and local elections. In the course of synchroniBing the ARMM elections -ith the national and local elections,

*ongress had to grant the resident the po-er to appoint OI*s in the ARMM, in light of the fact that; 7a8 holdo#er !y

the incum!ent ARMM electi#e o6cials is legally impermissi!le and 7!8 *ongress cannot call for special elections and

shorten the terms of electi#e local o6cials for less than three years.4 5herefore, the constitutionality of RA /@ is

upheld and the petitions are denied -ith =nality for lac' of merit.


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Digeste+ b: Dorot! Pgon

Case T"t!e:

"RDI**" vs. #"M&*

December 4$ 7880

Pet"t"$nes:

#or+i,,era Regiona, Assemb, Member A*&AND&R P. "RDI**"$ /3anae$ I%gao Provincia, 3oar+ Member #"RAO"N M"NTINIG$ /Maoao$

Former >ice)Maor MARTIN KDAN /3anae$ Mnicia, #onci,ors MARTIN GAN"$ /*agae$ an+ T&"D"R" (&'&$ /(ingon$ 3aranga

#onci,man P&DR" '. DK*AG /*amt6 Agina,+o resi+ents -AND 3. #(ANGI'AN$ an+ D"NAT" TIMAG"6 *amt resi+ent R& ANT"NI"6

iangan resi+ents "R*AND" PKGK"N$ an+ R&NAND DK*DK*A"6 *agae resi+ents T"MA- IMA"NG$ GR&G"RI" DANG"$ G&"RG&3. 3A'"NG$ an+ >I#&NT& *KNAG6 (ingon resi+ents PA3*" M. DK*NKAN an+ #"N-TAN#I" GAN"6 Maoao resi+ents P&DR" M.

3A"ANG$ *&"NARD" IGADNA$ an+ MAIM" IGADNA6 an+ 3anae resi+ents PKMA)A #K*(I$ *ATA"N 3KTTIG$ MIGK&* PKM&*3AN$

ANDR&- "RDI**"$ F&D&RI#" MARIAN"$ -AND 3IN"MNGA$ GA3RI&* *IMMANG$ R"M&" T"NGA*I$ RK3&N 3A(ATAN$ M("MD

GA3RI&*$ an+ NADR&- G(AMANG$

Res-$ndents:

#"M&* T!e (onorab,e FRAN*IN M. DRI*"N$ -ecretar o% Jstice6 (on. #ATA*IN" MA#ARAIG$ &Bective -ecretar6 T!e #abinet "%%icer

%or Regiona, Deve,oment6 (on. GKI**&RM" #ARAGK&$ -ecretar o% 3+get an+ Management6 an+ (on. R"-A*INA -. #AJK#"M$ "I#$

Nationa, Treasrer$

D$ct"ne:

A REGION "s )ade *- $ )$e t'an $ne c$nst"t*ent *n"t = -$v"nce.

Facts:


22/155

Janar


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rononcement in Abbas v

#"M&*$ !ic! states t!at:

!at is re=ire+ b t!e#onstittion is s")-!e

)a>$"t& $ v$tes

aroving t!e "rganic Act

in in+ivi+a, constitent

nits an+ n$t a d$*%!e

)a>$"t& $ t'e v$tes "n a!!

c$nst"t*ent *n"ts -*t

t$(et'e$ as e,, as in t!e

in+ivi+a, constitent nits.

an+ +istinctive !istorica, an+ c,tra, !eritage$ economic an+

socia, strctres$ an+ ot!er re,evant c!aracteristics BBB

Provinces$ cities$ mnicia,ities an+ geogra!ica, areas connotet!at ?e("$n? "s t$ %e )ade *- $ )$e t'an $ne c$nst"t*ent

*n"t$ !ic! in t!e or+inar sense means to or more rovinces.

T!is is sorte+ b t!e %act t!at t!e 7< regions into !ic! t!e

P!i,iines is +ivi+e+ %or a+ministrative roses are ($*-"n(s

$ c$nt"(*$*s -$v"nces.

I%gao is a rovince b itse,%. To become art o% a region$ it mst

oin ot!er rovinces$ cities$ mnicia,ities$ an+ geogra!ica,

areas.

2. RA ; Artic,e III

-ection 7 rovi+es t!at t!e #AR is to be a+ministere+ b t!e

#or+i,,era government c$ns"st"n( $ t'e Re("$na! G$ven)ent

and !$ca! ($ven)ent *n"ts.

-TI"N 2. T!e Re("$na! G$ven)ents!a,, eBercise oers

an+ %nctions necessar %or t!e roer governance an+

+eve,oment o% a!! -$v"nces+ c"t"es+ )*n"c"-a!"t"es+ and

%aan(a& $ "!" ,"t'"n t'e A*t$n$)$*s Re("$n .. .

#ongress never inten+e+ t!at a sing,e rovince ma constitte t!e


24/155

atonomos region.

$ -ections 7 an+ 4 o% RA ; vest t!e ,egis,ative

oer in t!e #or+i,,era Assemb, !ose members s!a,, be

e,ecte+ %rom regiona, assemb, +istricts a--$t"$ned

a)$n( -$v"nces and t'e c"t"escomosing t!e

Atonomos Region.

I% #AR is comose+ o% I%gao a,one$ t!en t!e rovince is inan a1ar+ re+icament o% !aving to ,egis,ative bo+ies Q

t!e #or+i,,era Assemb, an+ t!e -anggniang Pan,a,aigan

Q eBercising t!eir ,egis,ative oers over t!e rovince o%

I%gao.

3. Artic,e II$ -ection 70 creating a Regiona, P,anning an+

Deve,oment B$ad comose+ o% t!e #or+i,,era Governor$

a,, t!e rovincia, governors an+ cit maors or t!eir

reresentatives$ to members o% t!e #or+i,,era Assemb,$an+ members reresenting t!e rivate sector. T!e 3oar+

!as a conterart in t!e rovincia, ,eve, ca,,e+ t!e Provincia,

P,anning an+ Deve,oment C$$d"nat$.

I% it ta1es on, $ne -es$n "n t'e -$v"nc"a! !eve!to

er%orm sc! %nctions !i,e on t!e ot!er !an+ it ta1es an


25/155

ent"e B$adto er%orm a,most t!e same tas1s in t!e

regiona, ,eve,$ it co,+ on, mean t!at a !a(e aea )*st

%e c$veed at t'e e("$na! !eve!.

#. Artic,e I$ -ection 7< /3 /c a,,otting P70M to t!e

Regiona, Government %or its initia, organiCationa,

re=irements cann$t %e c$nst*ed as *nd"n( $n!& a

!$ne and s)a!! -$v"nce.

T!e rovince o% I%gao ma1es on, 77 o% t!e tota,

o,ation o% t!e areas covere+ b RA ;. It !as t!e

secon+ sma,,est nmber o% in!abitants %rom among t!e

rovinces an+ cit above mentione+.

D. -ection 7 o% Artic,e > ca,,s %or a Regiona, #ommission on

Aointments it! t!e -ea1er as #!airman an+ are /

members coming %rom d"eent -$v"nces and c"t"es "n

t'e Re("$n.

Kn+er t!e reson+ents vie$ t!e #ommission o,+ !ave a

#!airman an+ on, one member. It o,+ never !ave a=orm.

&. -ection < o% Artic,e >I ca,,s %or cabinet members$ as %ar as

racticab,e$ to come $) va"$*s -$v"nces and c"t"es $

t'e Re("$n.


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F. -ection 7 o% Artic,e >II creates a sstem o% triba, corts %or

t!e va"$*s "nd"(en$*s c*!t*a! c$))*n"t"es $ t'e

Re("$n.

G. -ection 8 o% Artic,e > re=ires t!e +eve,oment o% a

common regiona, ,angage base+ on t!e va"$*s

!an(*a(es and d"a!ects "n t'e e("$n!ic! regiona,

,angage in trn is eBecte+ to enric! t!e nationa,

,angage.

4. T!e +ecision in Abbas v. #"M&* is not a,icab,e in t!e

case.

T!e Abbas case estab,is!e+ t!e r,e to %o,,o on !ic! rovinces

an+ cities s!a,, comrise t!e atonomos region in Ms,im

Min+anao !ic! is t!e same r,e to be %o,,oe+ in t!e #or+i,,era.

T!ere is not!ing in t!e Abbas +ecision !ic! +ea,s it! t!e isse

on !et!er an atonomos region$ in eit!er Ms,im Min+anao or#or+i,,era co,+ eBist +esite t!e %act t!at on, one rovince or

one cit is to constitte it.


27/155


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&+ar+ Daog

CORDILLERA BROAD COALITION @. COA

Janar 28$ 7880

T'e CAR ceated *nde E.O. 669+ ,'"c' ,as "ss*ed %& t'e Pes"dent *s"n( 'e !e("s!at"ve -$,es+ "s n$t t'e a*t$n$)$*s e("$nenv"s"$ned "n At"c!e 2 $ t'e C$nst"t*t"$n. It ,as )ee!& a e("$n 8 an a((*-at"$n $ LGUs ,"t'"n a ceta"n te"t$"a! s*%d"v"s"$n $ t'ec$*nt& 8 and e/ec"ses n$ -$,e $t'e t'an t'e -$,es a!ead& ("ven t$ t'$se LGUs and "n c$nnect"$n ,"t' t'e c$$d"nat"$n $-$(a)s %& t'e Nat"$na! G$ven)ent.

Petitioners: 7. #or+i,,era 3roa+ #oa,ition6 2. *i,ia aranon6 III$ -ec. o% t!e 789; #onstittion$ isse+ &Bective "r+erNo. 220 /&" 220 !ic! create+ t!e #or+i,,era ADMINI-TRATI>& Region /#AR. It covers t!e rovinces o% Abra$ 3enget$ I%gao$ a,inga)

Aaao$ an+ Montain Province$ an+ t!e #it o% 3agio.

) T!e rationa,e %or &" 220 as state+ in its ?'!ereas@ c,ase is t!e rgent nee+ to reorganiCe t!e eBisting a+ministrative strctre in t!e #or+i,,erasP&NDING t!e convening o% t!e %irst #ongress an+ t!e enactment o% t!e organic act %or a #or+i,,era AKT"N"M"K- Region.

) T!e main %nction o% #AR is to coor+inate t!e ,anning an+ im,ementation o% rograms an+ services in t!e region it! t!e ,oca, government

nits an+ t!e eBective +eartments o% t!e Nationa, Government. It s!a,,e !ave a #or+i,,era Regiona, Assemb, /o,ic)%orm,ating bo+ an+ a#or+i,,era &Bective 3oar+ /im,ementing arm nti, sc! time as t!e atonomos regiona, government is estab,is!e+.

Iss*e 3:

'N t!e issance o% &"220 re)emte+ t!e

Pet"t"$nesC$ntent"$n:es.

Res-$ndentsC$ntent"$n:No.

S*-e)e C$*t:No.

'!at it acta,, envisions is t!e c$ns$!"dat"$n and c$$d"nat"$n $t'e de!"ve& $ sev"ces $ !"ne de-at)ents and a(enc"es $ t'e


29/155


30/155

'N t!e creation o% t!e#AR contravene+ t!econstittiona, garanteeo% t!e ,oca, atonom

%or t!e rovinces o%Abra$ 3enget$ I%gao$a,inga)Aaao$ an+Maontain Province$an+ t!e #it o% 3agioas *GKs.

C$ntent"$n:es. C$ntent"$n:No.

It mst be c,ari%ie+ t!at t!e constittiona, garantee o% ,oca,atonom in t!e #onstittion Art. $ -ec. 2H re%ers to t!e

administrative atonom o% ,oca, government nits or$ cast in moretec!nica, ,angage$ t!e +ecentra,iCation o% government at!orit.

T'"s ad)"n"stat"ve a*t$n$)& "s (*aanteed $ ALL LGUsE2CEPT t'e *t*e a*t$n$)$*s e("$ns $ t'e C$d"!!eas andM*s!") M"ndana$ ,'"c' c$nte)-!ate t'e (ant $political+ n$t

>*st ad)"n"stat"ve+ a*t$n$)&.

PETITION DENIED.

O%"te7. Dring t!e en+enc o% t!is case$ RA ; entit,e+ An Act Provi+ing %or an "rganic Act %or t!e #or+i,,era Atonomos Region$ as enacte+an+ signe+ into ,a. T!e Act recogniCes t!e #AR an+ t!e o%%ices an+ agencies create+ n+er &" 220 an+ its transitor natre is rein%orce+ in Art.I o% RA ;.

2. From !at t!e at!or o% t!e +igest 1nos$ t!e ,ebiscite %or t!e creation o% t!e Atonomos Region o% t!e #or+i,,eras !as not et beencon+cte+.


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#A-& TIT*&:3agabo vs. #ommission on &,ections Digester: JaserA,,en 3. 3arrientosDate o% #ase: 9 December 2009

DOCTRINE: Sect"$n 39+ At"c!e 2 $ t'e 3 C$nst"t*t"$n and t'e L$ca! G$ven)ent C$de e/-ess!& e7*"e a -!e%"sc"te t$ ca& $*t an&ceat"$n+ d"v"s"$n+ )e(e+ a%$!"t"$n $ a!teat"$n $ %$*nda& $ a !$ca! ($ven)ent *n"t. In c$ntast+ n$ -!e%"sc"te e7*"e)ent e/"sts

*nde t'e a--$t"$n)ent $ ea--$t"$n)ent -$v"s"$n "n Sect"$n + At"c!e @I $ t'e 3 C$nst"t*t"$n.

Petitioner: Roge,io O. 3agabo /no bac1gron+ in t!e caseReson+ent: T!e #ommission on &,ections /#"M&*

FA#T-: Reb,ic Act /R.A. No. 8


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%or t!e con+ct o% a ,ebiscite!ic! is in+isensab,e %or t!e+ivision or conversion o% a ,oca,government nit.

In t'e Re-!&: Ca(a&an de O$ C"t&s

ea--$t"$n)ent *nde R.A.N$. ;3 a!!s ,"t'"n t'e)ean"n( $ ceat"$n+ d"v"s"$n+)e(e+ a%$!"t"$n $ s*%stant"a! a!teat"$n $%$*nda"es $ c"t"es *ndeSect"$n 39+ At"c!e 2 $ t'eC$nst"t*t"$n1

T!e creation$ +ivision$ merger$

abo,ition or sbstantia, a,terationo% bon+aries o% ,oca,government nits invo,ve acommon +enominatorE t!emateria, c!ange in t!e o,itica,an+ economic rig!ts o% t!e ,oca,government nits +irect,a%%ecte+$ as e,, as o% t!e eo,et!erein6

A voters sovereign oer to

+eci+e on !o s!o,+ be e,ecte+as t!e entire cits #ongressmanas arbitrari, re+ce+ b at,east one !a,% becase t!e=estione+ ,a an+ reso,tionon, a,,oe+ !im to vote an+ be

rsant to -ection 5$ Artic,e >Io% t!e 789; #onstittion6

T!e criteria estab,is!e+ n+er

-ection 70$ Artic,e o% t!e 789;#onstittion on, a, !ent!ere is a creation$ +ivision$merger$ abo,ition or sbstantia,a,teration o% bon+aries o% arovince$ cit$ mnicia,it$ orbaranga6 in t!is case$ no sc!creation$ +ivision$ merger$abo,i tion or a,teration o%bon+aries o% a ,oca,government nit too1 ,ace6 an+

R.A. No. 8I is to e=a,iCe o,ationan+ voting oer among +istricts.In contrast$ -ection 70$ Artic,e $o% t!e 789; #onstitt ion isconcerne+ it! !o a ,oca,government nit ma be create+$+ivi+e+$ merge+$ abo,is!e+$ or itsbon+ar sbstantia,, a,tere+. Itsea1s o% to seci%ic stan+ar+st!at mst be observe+ inim,ementing t!is concern$

name,$ t!e criteria estab,is!e+ int!e ,oca, government co+e an+ t!earova, b a maorit o% t!e votes

A municipality has !een de=ned as a !ody politic and corporate constituted !y the incorporation of the inha!itants of a

city or to-n for the purpose of local go#ernment thereof( 7Martin, u!lic *orporations, Re#ised 0 Edition, p. @.8. 5he determination of the num!er of representati#es -hich a )tate, county or other su!di#ision may send to a legislati#e

!ody 7&lac'Cs La- 9ictionary8. 5he realignment or change in legislati#e districts !rought a!out !y changes in population and mandated !y the

constitutional reuirement of euality of representation 7&lac'Cs La- 9ictionary8.


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vote+ %or in t!e +istrict+esignate+ b t!e #"M&*

A voter as a,so arbitrari,

+enie+ !is rig!t to e,ect t!e#ongressman an+ t!e memberso% t!e cit conci, %or t!e ot!er,egis,ative +istrict6 an+

Government %n+s ere i,,ega,,

+isbrse+ it!ot rior arova,b t!e sovereign e,ectorate o%#agaan De "ro #it.

cast in a ,ebiscite in t!e o,itica,nits +irect, a%%ecte+. Kn+er t!e*oca, Government #o+e /R.A. No.;70 asse+ in 7887$ t!e criteriao% income$ o,ation an+ ,an+area are seci%ie+ as veri%iab,e

in+icators o% viabi,it an+ caacitto rovi+e services. T!e +ivision ormerger o% eBisting nits mstcom, it! t!e samere=irements$ rovi+e+ t!at a+ivision s!a,, not re+ce t!eincome$ o,ation$ or ,an+ area o%t!e nit a%%ecte+ to ,ess t!an t!eminimm re=irement rescribe+in t!e #o+e.

A rononce+ +istinction beteen

Artic,e >I$ -ection 5 an+$ Artic,e $-ection 70 is on t!e re=iremento% a ,ebiscite. T!e #onstittionan+ t!e *oca, Government #o+eeBress, re=ire a ,ebiscite tocarr ot an creation$ +ivision$merger$ abo,ition or a,teration o%bon+ar o% a ,oca, governmentnit. In contrast$ no ,ebiscitere=irement eBists n+er t!eaortionment or reaortionmentrovision.

R.A. No. 8I$ -ection 5/4 o%t!e #onstittion.

Kn+er -ection 7 o% t!e sai+ ,a$ no


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+ivision o% #agaan +e "ro #it asa o,itica, an+ cororate entitta1es ,ace or is man+ate+.

A+mitte+,$ t!e ,egis,ativereaortionment carries e%%ectsbeon+ t!e creation o% anot!er

congressiona, +istrict in t!e cit brovi+ing$ as re%,ecte+ in#"M&* Reso,tion No. ;9


35/155

Digester: Je, Ga,,ego-AM-"N v. AGKIRR&G.R. No. 7


36/155

#erti%ications as to income$o,ation$ an+ ,an+ areaere not resente+ to#ongress +ring t!e+e,iberations t!at ,e+ to t!eassage o% R.A. No.95


37/155

R.A. No. 95


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Digester: Daven Men+oCa#A-& TIT*&: Tobias v. Aba,osDate o% #ase: 7884 December 09

DOCTRINE: A -!e%"s"c"te "s va!"d as !$n( as "t "nc!*des -e$-!e ,'$ aected %& t'e -"nc"-a! s*%>ect $ s*c' -!e%"sc"te1 t'e e/c!*s"$n $

-e$-!e+ ,'$ ae aected n$t %& t'e -"nc"-a! s*%>ect %*t $ne anc"!!a& t'eet$+ d$es n$t $-eate t$ "nva!"date t'e -!e%"sc"te.

Pet"t"$ne: Robert >. Tobias$ Ramon M. Gman$ Terr T. *im$ Gregorio D. Gabrie, an+ Roberto R. Tobias Jr./TaBaers an+ resi+ents o% Man+a,ong

Res-$ndent: #it Maor 3enamin -. Aba,os$ #it Treasrer 'i,,iam Marce,ino an+ t!e -anggniang Pan,ngso+A,, %rom Man+a,ong. Im,ea+e+ as b,ic reson+ents.

FA#T-:7. T!e mnicia,ities o% Man+a,ong an+ -an Jan be,onge+ to on, one ,egis,ative +istrict.

2 R.A. No. ;;5 as signe+ into ,a on Febrar 8$ 7884. T!e origin bi,, as sonsore+ b Rona,+o Oamora$ reresentative o% t!e above)mentione+ ,egis,ative +istrict.I$ -ection 2/7 o% t!e

#onstittion. T!e conten+ t!at t!e,a acta,, !as to sbects: creation

o% t!e cit an+ t!e +ivision o% t!e

+istrict. T!e ,atter sbect is not

germane to t!e %irst /t!is as re%,ecte+

in t!e tit,e $ !ence$ non)com,iance

it! t!e one sbect$ one bi,, r,e.

7. T!e creation o% a searate +istrict

%or Man+a,ong is not +istinct %rom

t!e sbect o% its conversion into a!ig!, rbaniCe+ cit. It is a natra, an+

,ogica, conse=ence o% sc!

conversion becase t!e #onstittion

itse,% rovi+es t!at cities it! a

oo,ation o% at ,east 250$000 mst be

set as ,egis,ative +istricts. /Artic,e

>I$ -ec. 5/I$ -ec. 5/


39/155

a cit it! at ,east 250$000 resi+ents.

T!e +istrict as acta,, re=ire+.

&ven i% t!ere is +obt$ risr+ence

!as ,ai+ +on t!e rinci,e t!at t!e

one sbect$ one r,e s!o,+ be

constre+ ,iberra,,. From t!is it is+eterminab,e t!at t!e creation o% t!e

+istrict is$ at ,east$ germane to t!e

sbect matter o% t!e ,a.

2. T!e +ivision o% -an Jan an+

Man+a,ong into searate +istricts

!as res,te+ in an increase in t!e

comosition o% t!e (oR beon+ t!at

rovi+e+ in Artic,e >I$ -ec. 5/7 o% t!e

#onstittion.

2. T!e #onstittion c,ear, rovi+es

t!at t!e (oR s!a,, be comose+ o% not

more t!an 250 members$ bt it is

=a,i%ie+ b t!e c,ase n,ess

ot!erise rovi+e+ b ,a.

2. T!e imort o% t!e ,ast c,ase is t!at

t!e resent comosition o% #ongress

ma be increase+$ i% #ongress itse,% so

man+ates t!rog! a ,egis,ative

enactment. T!e increase in

congressiona, reresentation n+er

t!e assai,e+ ,a is$ t!ere%ore$ va,i+.


40/155

rsant to Artic,e >I$ -ec. 5/4 o% t!e

#onstittion.

co,+ not re)emt itse,%. assai,e+ ,a$ inc,+ing -ection 48

t!ereo%. #ongress cannot ossib,

reemt itse,% on a rig!t !ic! ertains

to itse,%.

5. T!e eo,e o% -an Jan s!o,+

!ave been inc,+e+ in t!e ,ebiscite as

it invo,ve+ a c!ange in t!eir ,egis,ative

+istrict.

5. T!e rincia, sbect invo,ve+ in t!e

,ebiscite as t!e conversion o%

Man+a,ong into a !ig!, rbaniCe+

cit$ not abot t!e ,egis,ative +istrict.

5. T!e +istrict reresentation as on,

anci,,ar to t!e rincia, sbect o% t!e

,ebiscite. T!s$ t!e in!abitants o% -an

Jan ere roer, eBc,+e+ %rom t!e

sai+ ,ebiscite as t!e !a+ not!ing to

+o it! t!e c!ange to cit!oo+ o%

Man+a,ong. T!ere is a,so no

gerrman+ering !ere. As note+ b

t!e "-G$ t!e at!or o% t!e ,a

consistent, on in -an

JanMan+a,ong$ so !e o,+ in %act

be +iminis!ing !is constitenc.

Disositive Portion:

5he petition is 9I)MI))E9 for lac' of merit.


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M*n"c"-a!"t& $ San Nac"s$+ *e#$n et a! v. H$n. Mende# et a! D"(este: R$)e$

December 5 1994

DOCTRINE: W'ee a )*n"c"-a!"t& "s deect"ve "n s$)e essent"a! eat*es $ "ts $(an"#at"$n+ "t )a&+ nevet'e!ess+ %e ec$(n"#ed as ane/"st"n( c$-$at"$n de act$.

Pet"t"$ne:Mnicia,it o% -an Narciso /MSN an+ M-N b,ic o%%icia,s /maor conci,ors

Res-$ndent:Mnicia,it o% -an An+res /MSA an+ M-A b,ic o%%icia,s /maor conci,ors

FACTS:

7858: Presi+ent #P. Garcia$ isse+ &"


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7898 /


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RT#: Dismisse+ t!e etition %or So 'arranto %or ,ac1 o% case o% action /matter be,onge+ to t!e -tate an+ !atever +e%ect in t!e creation o%

M-A as cre+ b *G#.

Petitioner %i,e+ t!is etition %or revie on certiorari. )but the S' considered it as (etition for 'ertiorari under #ule 58 because issue on %rave abuse

of discretion was raised*

ISSUE PETITONER ARG RESPONDENT ARG SUPREME COURT

/MIN"R

I--K&

'"N

Petitioner is

t!e roerart to

bring t!is

action

-tate is t!e roer

art$ acting t!rog!

t!e -o,Gen.

No$ etitioner is not t!e roer art to bring t!is action.

'!en t!e in=ir is %ocse+ on t!e ,ega, eBistence o% a bo+ o,itic$

t!e action is reserve+ to t!e -tate in a rocee+ing %or S' or an ot!er

+irect rocee+ing.

3t in t!e interest o% reso,ving an %rt!er +obt on t!e ,ega, stats o%

t!e Mnicia,it o% -an An+res$ t!e cort s!a,, +e,ve into t!e merits o%

t!e etition.

/MIN"R

I--K&

'"N

Petitioner is

estoe+

%rom

=estioning

va,i+it o%

&"


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n,,i%ication o% &"


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segregating barrios %rom

-an Narciso-igni%icant a,so is -ec. 442/+ o% t!e *G#: ?mnicia, +istricts

organiCe+ rsant to resi+entia, issances or eBective or+ers an+

!ic! !ave t!eir resective sets o% e,ective mnicia, o%%icia,s !o,+ing

o%%ice at t!e time o% t!e e%%ectivit o% /t!e #o+e s!a,, !ence%ort! beconsi+ere+ as reg,ar mnicia,ities.

T!e oer to create o,itica, sb+ivisions is a %nction o% t!e

,egis,atre. #ongress +i+ st t!at !en it incororate+ -ec. 442/+ in

t!e *G#. 'urative ,as aime+ at giving va,i+it to acts +one t!at

o,+ !ave been inva,i+ n+er eBisting ,as$ as i% eBisting ,as !ave

been com,ie+ it!$ are va,i+, accete+ in t!is ris+iction$ sbect to

t!e sa, =a,i%ication against imairment o% veste+ rig!ts.

T!e +e re stats o% t!e Mnicia,it o% -an An+res in t!e rovince o%

SeCon mst no be conce+e+.

DISPOSITI@E:Petition %or certiorari is DI-MI--&D.


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Isses: P&TITI"N&R: R&-P"ND&NT: -reme #ort:

Jris+iction o% RT# RT# o% Davao"rienta, !as no

ris+iction over t!ecom,aint o%

etitioners since t!e+iste+ area issitate+ in t!eProvince o% -rigao+e, -r.

T!ere is bon+ar +iste !en a ortion or t!e !o,e o% t!e territoria,

area o% a *oca, Government Knit /*GK is c,aime+ b to or more *GKs.

Kn+er aragra! /c o% -ection 7799 o% *G#$ t!e sett,ement o% a bon+ar

+iste invo,ving mnicia,ities or comonent cities o% +i%%erent rovinces

s!a,, be oint, re%erre+ %or sett,ement to t!e resective sanggnians or

t!e rovincia, boar+s o% t!e +i%%erent rovinces invo,ve+. -ection 7788 o%

t!e *oca, Government #o+e gives a +issatis%ie+ art an avene to

=estion t!e +ecision o% t!e sanggnian to t!e RT# !aving ris+iction

over t!e area.

Artic,e 7;$ R,e III o% t!e R,es an+ Reg,ations Im,ementing T!e *oca,Government #o+e o% 7887 ot,ines t!e roce+res governing bon+ar

-ec. 779. Jris+ictiona, Resonsibi,it %or -ett,ement o% 3on+ar Diste. E 3on+ar +istes beteen an+ among ,oca, government nits s!a,,$ as mc! as

ossib,e$ be sett,e+ amicab,. To t!is en+:

/a 3on+ar +istes invo,ving to /2 or more baran%a!sin t!e same cit or mnicia,it s!a,, be re%erre+ %or sett,ement to t!e san%%unian%panlun%sodor san%%unian% ba!anconcerne+.

/b 3on+ar +istes invo,ving to /2 or more mnicia,ities it!in t!e same rovince s!a,, be re%erre+ %or sett,ement to t!e san%%unian%panlalawi%anconcerne+.

/c 3on+ar +istes invo,ving mnicia,ities or comonent cities o% +i%%erent rovinces s!a,, be oint, re%erre+ %or sett,ement to t!e san%%unianso% t!erovinces concerne+.

/+ 3on+ar +istes invo,ving a comonent cit or mnicia,it on t!e one !an+ an+ a !ig!, rbaniCe+ cit on t!e ot!er$ or to /2 or more !ig!,rbaniCe+ cities$ s!a,, be oint, re%erre+ %or sett,ement to t!e resective san%%unianso% t!e arties.

/e In t!e event t!e san%%unian%ai,s to e%%ect an amicab,e sett,ement it!in siBt /0 +as %rom t!e +ate t!e +iste as re%erre+ t!ereto$ it s!a,, isse acerti%ication to t!at e%%ect. T!erea%ter$ t!e +iste s!a,, be %orma,, trie+ b t!e san%%unianconcerne+ !ic! s!a,, +eci+e t!e isse it!in siBt /0 +as%rom t!e +ate o% t!e certi%ication re%erre+ to above.1avvphi1

-ection 778. Aea,. ) 'it!in t!e time an+ manner rescribe+ b t!e R,es o% #ort$ an art ma e,evate t!e +ecision o% t!e san%%unianconcerne+ to t!e

roer Regiona, Tria, #ort !aving ris+iction over t!e area in +iste B B B


48/155

+istes$ !ic! sccinct, inc,+es t!e %i,ing o% t!e roer etition$ an+ incase o% %ai,re to amicab, sett,e$ a %orma, tria, i,, be con+cte+ an+ a+ecision i,, be ren+ere+ t!erea%ter. An aggrieve+ art can aea, t!e+ecision o% t!e sanggnian to t!e aroriate RT#.

#,ear,$ t!e RT# cannot eBercise ae,,ate ris+iction over t!e case

since t!ere as no etition t!at as %i,e+ an+ +eci+e+ b t!e sanggniangan,a,aigans o% Davao "rienta, an+ -rigao +e, -r. Neit!er can t!eRT# assme origina, ris+iction over t!e bon+ar +iste since t!e*oca, Government #o+e a,,ocates sc! oer to t!e sanggniangan,a,aigans o% Davao "rienta, an+ -rigao +e, -r. -ince t!e RT# !asno origina, ris+iction on t!e bon+ar +iste beteen Davao "rienta,an+ -rigao +e, -r$ its +ecision is a tota, n,,it.

>a,i+it o% ermits T!e issance o%etitioners ermitsere voi+ ab initiosince t!e same

vio,ate+ -ection 5 o%Reb,ic Act No.;0;$ ot!erise1non as t!ePeo,es -ma,,)-ca,eMining Act o% 7887$!ic! a,,ege+,ro!ibits t!eissance o% miningermits over areascovere+ b %orestrig!ts sc! as T*As

or %orest reservationsn,ess t!eir stats assc! is it!+ran bt!e cometentat!orit.

Petitioners sma,,)sca,e mining ermits are ,ega,, =estionab,e. Kn+er

Presi+entia, Decree No. 7988$ a,ications o% sma,,)sca,e miners are

rocesse+ it! t!e Director o% t!e Mines an+ Geo)-ciences 3rea.

Prsant to Reb,ic Act No. ;0;$ !ic! too1 e%%ect on 79 J, 7887$

arova, o% t!e a,ications %or mining ermits an+ %or mining contracts

are veste+ in t!e Provincia,#it Mining Reg,ator 3oar+. #omose+ o%

t!e D&NR reresentative$ a reresentative %rom t!e sma,,)sca,e mining

sector$ a reresentative %rom t!e big)sca,e mining in+str an+ a

reresentative %rom an environmenta, gro$ t!is bo+ is tas1e+ to

arove sma,,)sca,e mining ermits an+ contracts.

Instea+ o% rocessing an+ obtaining t!eir ermits %rom t!e Provincia,Mining Reg,ator 3oar+$ etitioners ere ab,e to get t!e same %rom t!egovernor o% Davao +e, Norte. #onsi+ering t!at t!e governor is it!ot,ega, at!orit to isse sai+ mining ermits$ t!e same ermits are n,, an+

voi+.


49/155

'(&R&F"R&$ t!e etition is DENIED. T!e Decision o% t!e #ort o% Aea,s +ate+ 78 Jne 2000 an+ its Reso,tion +ate+ 70 November 2000reversing t!e 2 November 788< Decision o% t!e Regiona, Tria, #ort o% 3anganga$ Davao "rienta,$ 3ranc! ;$ are !ereb AFFIRM&D. No costs.

-" "RD&R&D.


50/155

Digester: Ivan Ga,ra#IT "F PA-IG v. #"M&*

)eptem!er /

Petitioner: Municipality of asig, Municipality of *ainta

Reson+ents: #"M&*

FA#T-:

. . petitions uestioning the propriety of the suspension of ple!iscite proceedings 7creation of &rgy:arangalan and &rgy ?apico8 pending the resolution of the issue of !oundary disputes !et-een theMunicipality of *ainta and the *ity of asig

G. . *ity *ouncil of asig passed and appro#ed Ordinance ?o. , )eries of Q, creating &arangay:arangalan in asig *ity. le!iscite -as set for June , Q.

@. . *ity of asig similarly issued Ordinance ?o. @, )eries of Q, creating &arangay ?apico in asig*ity. le!iscite -as set for March @,


51/155

into play -here !oth

cases are ci#il

presents a

preHudicial

uestion

-hich must

=rst !e

decided

!efore

ple!iscites for

the creation of

the proposed

!arangays

may !e held

the =rst

. ?AI*O . Moot and

academic

!ecause a

ple!iscite had

already !een

held in the

case of the

proposed &rgy

?apico.

. 5an #. *OMELE*; 3*4ommission of

that error should not pro#ide the #ery

e$cuse for perpetration of such

-rong... )hould this *ourt decline

no- to perform its duty of

interpreting and indicating -hat the

la- is and should !e, this might tempt

again those -ho strut a!out in the

corridors of po-er to rec'lessly and

-ith ulterior moti#es, create, merge,

di#ide andNor alter the !oundaries of

political su!di#isions, either !raBenlyor stealthily, con=dent that this *ourt

-ill a!stain from entertaining future

challenges to their acts if they

manage to !ring a!out a fait

accompli.


52/155

Disositive Portion: le!iscite on the creation of &arangay :arangalan should !e held in a!eyance pending =nal

resolution of the !oundary dispute !et-een the *ity of asig and the Municipality of *ainta !y the Regional

5rial *ourt of Antipolo *ity. In the same #ein, the ple!iscite held on March @, < to ratify the creation of

&arangay ?apico, asig *ity, should !e annulled and set aside.


53/155

Digester: &rnesto #. (errera III

#A-& TIT*&: MKNI#IPA*IT "F ANANGA >. MADR"NADate o% #ase: Ari, *"sd"ct"$n $ve %$*nda& d"s-*tes "nv$!v"n( a M*n"c"-a!"t& and an

"nde-endent c$)-$nent c"t&.

Petitioner:MKNI#IPA*IT "F ANANGA$ Reresente+ b its Maor$ (on. GI">ANNI M. NAPARI/ananga is a mnicia,it constitte+ n+er Re-*%!"c Act N$. 56 b virte o% Sect"$n 556d $ t'e LGC

Reson+ent:7. (on. F"RTKNIT" *. MADR"NA /Presi+ing J+ge$ Regiona, Tria, #ort o% "rmoc #it /3ranc!


54/155

)) s!a,, be oint, re%erre+ %or sett,ement to t!e

resective sanggnians o% t!e ,oca,

government nits invo,ve+.

2. T!ere is no =estion t!at ananga is amnicia,it constitte+ n+er Reb,ic Act No.

542. (oever$ "rmoc is not a !ig!, rbaniCe+$

bt an in+een+ent comonent$ cit create+

n+er Reb,ic Act No. 7;8.


55/155

beteen a mnicia,it an+ an in+een+ent

comonent cit o% t!e same rovince$

reson+ent cort committe+ no grave abse o%

+iscretion in +ening t!e Motion to Dismiss.

RT#s !ave genera, ris+iction to a++icate a,,

controversies eBcet t!ose eBress, it!!e,+%rom t!eir ,enar oers. T!e !ave t!e oer

not on, to ta1e +icia, cogniCance o% a case

institte+ %or +icia, action %or t!e %irst time$ bt

a,so to +o so to t!e eBc,sion o% a,, ot!er corts

at t!at stage. In+ee+$ t!e oer is not on,

origina,$ bt a,so eBc,sive.

2. T!at a con+ition

rece+ent %or %i,ing t!e

com,aint !as not beencom,ie+ it!.


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Digester: Jo!n Mic!ae, >i+a#A-& TIT*&: ABRAHAM RIMANDOvs.NAGUILIAN EMISSION TESTING CENTER+ INC. and COURT OF APPEALSDate o% #ase: J, 2


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(oever$ Riman+o ma not be !e,+ ,iab,e %or +amages since !is inaction as +one in t!e er%ormance o% o%%icia, +ties t!at are ,ega,, rotecte+b t!e resmtion o% goo+ %ait!. Frt!ermore$ t!e civi, action %i,e+ against t!e etitioner !a+ a,rea+ become moot an+ aca+emic on t!eeBiration o% !is term as t!e maor o% Nagi,ian$ *a Knion.

-rrising,$ +esite its revios rononcement t!at t!e isse !as become moot an+ aca+emic$ t!e #A nevert!e,ess +isose+ o% t!e aea, breversing an+ setting asi+e t!e +ecision o% t!e RT#.

(ence t!e etition b Riman+o.

Isse 7:'"N amaor mabecome,,e+bman+amsto isse absiness

ermit.

P&TITI"N&R-#"NT&NTI"N:Riman+o arges t!ata maors +t toisse bsinessermits is+iscretionar in natre!ic! ma not been%orce+ b a

man+ams rit.

R&-P"ND&NT-#"NT&NTI"N:N&T# arges t!at t!earties +i+ not reac! acommon gron+!ence$ t!e nee+ to %i,ea etition %or man+ams to come,Riman+o to rene

N&T#s bsiness,icense. Frt!ermore$t!e bsiness !asbeen oerating on t!eD&NRs ,an+ since2005.

-KPR&M& #"KRT:A maor cannot be come,,e+ b man+ams to isse a bsiness ermit since t!eeBercise o% t!e same is a +e,egate+ o,ice oer !ence$ +iscretionar in natre.

#iting #oble "rrastre 6nc& v& on& /illaflor$ t!e #ort state+ t!at t!e *oca, Govt#o+e -ection 444/b/


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R a)$a

Ret"ed *st"ce EMILIO GANCAYCO+Petitioner$ vs. CITY GO@ERNMENT OF UEON CITY and MMDA+Reson+ents.

Oct$%e 33+ 6933

Seen$+

D$ct"ne:T!e Nationa, *egis,atre ma +e,egate o,ice oer to t!e Presi+ent an+ a+ministrative boar+s as e,, as t!e ,ama1ing bo+ies o%

mnicia, cororations or ,oca, government nits. "nce +e,egate+$ t!e agents can eBercise on, sc! ,egis,ative oers as are con%erre+ on t!em

b t!e nationa, ,ama1ing bo+.

Facts:

In t!e 7850s retire+ Jstice Gancaco bog!t a arce, o% ,an+ a,ong &D-A.

In 785$ t!e S# conci, isse+ "r+inance No. 2804$ entit,e+ ?An "r+inance Re=iring t!e #onstrction o% Arca+es$ %or #ommercia,

3i,+ings to be #onstrcte+ in Oones Designate+ as 3siness Oones in t!e Ooning P,an o% S#$ an+ rovi+ing Pena,ties in >io,ationt!ereo%.@

o An Arca+e is an ortion o% a bi,+ing above t!e %irst %,oor roecting over t!e si+ea,1 beon+ t!e %irst store a,, se+ asrotection %or e+estrians against rain or sn.

o Kn+er t!e "r+inance$ t!e cit conci, re=ire+ t!at t!e arca+e is to be create+ b constrcting t!e a,, o% t!e gron+ %,oor %acing

t!e si+ea,1 a %e meters aa %rom t!e roert ,ine. T!s$ t!e bi,+ing oner is not a,,oe+ to constrct !is a,, to t!e e+geo% t!e roert ,ine$ t!ereb creating a sace or s!e,ter n+er t!e %irst %,oor. In e%%ect$ roert oners re,in=is! t!e se o% t!esace %or se as an arca+e %or e+estrians$ instea+ o% sing it %or t!eir on roses.

o At t!is time$ t!ere as et no bi,+ing co+e asse+ b t!e nationa, ,egis,atre. T!s$ t!e reg,ation o% t!e constrction o% bi,+ings

as ,e%t to t!e +iscretion o% ,oca, government nits.

T!e or+inance covere+ t!e roert o% Jstice Gancaco.

o -ometime in 785$ Jstice Gancaco sog!t t!e eBemtion o% a to)store bi,+ing being constrcte+ on !is roert %rom t!e

a,ication o% "r+inance No. 2804 t!at !e be eBemte+ %rom constrcting an arca+e on !is roert.o #it #onci, acte+ %avorab, on Jstice Gancacos re=est an+ isse+ Reso,tion No. ;77$ -)$ ?sbect to t!e con+ition t!at

on notice b t!e #it &ngineer$ t!e oner s!a,,$ it!in reasonab,e time$ +emo,is! t!e enc,osre o% sai+ arca+e at !is oneBense !en b,ic interest so +eman+s.@

Deca+es a%ter$ in Marc! 200


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Iss*e 6: 'N"r+inanceNo. 2804 isconstittiona,.

YES

T!e or+inance

at!oriCe+ t!eta1ing o%rivate roertit!ot +erocess o% ,a

an+ stcomensation$becase t!econstrction o%an arca+e i,,re=ire ;.5s=are meters%rom t!e


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3a,ete to-eatt,e -treetsto constrctarca+es at t!eirotion.

estab,is! Cones %or in+stria,$ commercia, an+ resi+entia, ses is +erive+ %romt!e o,ice oer itse,% an+ is eBercise+ %or t!e rotection an+ bene%it o% t!eresi+ents o% a ,oca,it.@

It is c,ear t!at t!e rimar obectives o% t!e cit conci, o% S# !en it isse+

t!e =estione+ or+inance or+ering t!e constrction o% arca+es ere t!e!ea,t! an+ sa%et o% t!e cit an+ its in!abitants6 t!e romotion o% t!eir

roserit6 an+ t!e imrovement o% t!eir mora,s$ eace$ goo+ or+er$ com%ort$an+ t!e convenience. T!ese arca+es rovi+e sa%e an+ convenient assagea,ong t!e si+ea,1 %or commters an+ e+estrians$ not st t!e resi+entso% S#. More esecia,, so becase t!e conteste+ ortion o% t!e bi,+ing is,ocate+ on a bs segment o% t!e cit$ in a bsiness Cone a,ong &D-A.

#oro,,ari,$ t!e o,ic o% t!e 3i,+ing #o+e$ !ic! as asse+ a%ter t!e

SeCon #it "r+inance$ sorts t!e rose %or t!e enactment o% "r+inanceNo. 2804.77

-ection 7004 ,i1eise re=ires t!e constrction o% arca+es !enever eBisting

or Coning or+inances re=ire it. Aarent,$ t!e ,a a,,os t!e ,oca,government nits to +etermine !et!er arca+es are necessar it!in t!eirresective ris+ictions.

Iss*e ;: 'Nt!e ing a,,o%Gancacosbi,+ing is ab,icnisance. NO

T!e =estione+ roert as a

b,ic nisance ime+ing t!e sa%eassage o% e+estrians.

T!e %act t!at in 78 t!e #it #onci, gave Jstice Gancaco an eBemtion

%rom constrcting an arca+e is an in+ication t!at t!e ing a,,s o% t!e bi,+ingare not nisancesper se. T!e ing a,,s +o notper se imme+iate, an+a+verse, a%%ect t!e sa%et o% ersons an+ roert. T!e %act t!at an or+inancema +ec,are a strctre i,,ega, +oes not necessari, ma1e t!at strctre anisance.

Neit!er +oes t!e MMDA !ave t!e oer to +ec,are a t!ing a nisance. "n,

corts o% ,a !ave t!e oer to +etermine !et!er a t!ing is a nisance.

Iss*e 5: 'Nt!e MMDA,ega,,+emo,is!e+t!e roerto% Gancaco.N$

MMDA a,,eges t!at b virte o%

MMDA Reso,tion No. 02)29$

-eries o% 2002$ it is emoere+ to+emo,is! Gancacos roert. Itinsists t!at t!e Metro Mani,a#onci, at!oriCe+ t!e MMDA an+t!e ,oca, government nits to c,eart!e si+ea,1s$ streets$ avenes$

T!e 3i,+ing #o+e c,ear, rovi+es t!e rocess b !ic! a bi,+ing ma be

+emo,is!e+& T!e at!orit to or+er t!e +emo,ition o% an strctre ,ies it!

t!e 3i,+ing "%%icia,. T!e ena,t rescribe+ b "r+inance No. 2804 itse,% +oes not inc,+e t!e

+emo,ition o% i,,ega,, constrcte+ bi,+ings in case o% vio,ations. Instea+$ itmere, rescribes a nis!ment o% ?a %ine o% not more t!an to !n+re+esos /P200.00 or b imrisonment o% not more t!an t!irt /


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a,,es$ bri+ges$ ar1s an+ ot!erb,ic ,aces in Metro Mani,a o% a,,i,,ega, strctres an+ obstrctions. It%rt!er a,,eges t!at it +emo,is!e+t!e roert rsant to t!e3i,+ing #o+e in re,ation to

"r+inance No. 2804 as amen+e+. MMDA c,aims t!at t!e #it

Government o% SeCon #it ma beconsi+ere+ to !ave arove+ t!e+emo,ition o% t!e strctre$ sim,becase t!en S# Maor3e,monte signe+ MMDA Reso,tionNo. 02)29. In e%%ect$ t!e citgovernment +e,egate+ t!eseoers to t!e MMDA. T!e oersre%erre+ to are t!ose t!at inc,+et!e oer to +ec,are$ revent an+

abate a nisance an+ to %rt!erimose t!e ena,t o% remova, or+emo,ition o% t!e bi,+ing orstrctre b t!e oner or b t!e citat t!e eBense o% t!e oner.

T!e MMDA +oes not !ave t!e oer to enact or+inances. T!s$ it cannot

s,ement t!e rovisions o% SeCon #it "r+inance No. 2804 mere,t!rog! its Reso,tion No. 02)29.

T!ere as no va,i+ +e,egation o% oers to t!e MMDA. #ontrar to t!e c,aim

o% t!e MMDA$ t!e #it Government o% SeCon #it as!e+ its !an+s o%% t!eacts o% t!e %ormer. In its Anser$ t!e cit government state+ t!at ?t!e

+emo,ition as n+erta1en b t!e MMDA on,$ it!ot t!e articiation an+orconsent o% SeCon #it.@ T!ere%ore$ t!e MMDA acte+ on its on an+ s!o,+be !e,+ so,e, ,iab,e %or t!e +estrction o% t!e ortion o% Gancacos bi,+ing.

D"s-$s"t"ve P$t"$n:

WHEREFORE+ in vie o% t!e %oregoing$ t!e Decision o% t!e #ort o% Aea,s in #A)G.R. -P No. 9449 is AFFIRMED.


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Digester: Jam Mar%i,

CASE TITLE:T'e Lean"n( C'"!d+ Inc. v. A&a!a A!a%an( @"!!a(e Ass$c"at"$n:ul! ; 2i,,age Association$ -s. &rnesto an+ A,ma ArCaga$ Maria *isa Sismbing$ Artro -ena$ -* #ororation$ -*> Management#ororation an+ *a!i,$ Inc )owners of properties within the vicinit! of the school*Reson+ents %or G.R. No. 744579:


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Mnicia,it /no #it "% Mntin,a$ T!e *earning #!i,+$ Inc.$ -oses Fe,ie an+ Mar Anne A,%onso$ an+ t!e (on. #ort o% Aea,s /-ecia,Fi%teent! Division

FACTS:In 7898$ t!e soses Mar Ann an+ Fe,ie A,%onso oene+ T!e *earning #!i,+ #enter Pre)sc!oo, /T*#$ a rearator sc!oo, !ic! initia,,consiste+ o% nrser an+ 1in+ergarten c,asses. In 7887$ T*# as %rt!er eBan+e+ to inc,+e a gra+e sc!oo, rogramQt!at is$ t!e -c!oo, o% t!e

(o, #ross$ !ic! rovi+e+ a++itiona, gra+e ,eve,s %or i,s !o initia,, enro,,e+ a+vance+. (oever$ a Dee+ o% Restrictions as annotate+ ont!e tit,e !ere t!e sc!oo, stan+s in+icating t!at: ? ?he propert! shall be used eBclusivel! for the establishment and maintenance thereon of apreparator! )nurser! and inder%arten* school which ma! include such installations as an office for school administration pla!%round and %ara%efor school vehicles&+ T!is restriction as set b Aa,a *an+$ Inc.$ t!e origina, oner o% t!e ,ot.

It as t!e association o% !omeoners o% Aa,a A,abang >i,,age Association /AA>A !o !a+ t!e rig!t an+ oer to en%orce t!e restrictions on t!esbect roert. T!s$ AA>A rote severa, ,etters to T*# an+ t!e soses A,%onso$ essentia,, /7 rotesting t!e T*#s an+ t!e soses A,%onsosvio,ation o% t!e Dee+ o% Restrictions$ /2 re=esting t!em to com, it! t!e same$ an+ /A$ toget!er it! com,ainants)in)intervention !o ere oners o% roerties near t!e sc!oo,s vicinit$ %i,e+ an action %or innctionagainst T*# an+ t!e soses A,%onso$ a,,eging breac! o% contract$ artic,ar, o% t!e Dee+ o% Restrictions. In 7884$ t!e RT# or+ere+ t!e sc!oo, to

cease an+ +esist %rom oerating beon+ nrser an+ 1in+ergarten c,asses at t!e en+ o% t!e sc!oo, ear 7884)85. (oever$ t!is +ecision as setasi+e b t!e RT# on t!e Motion %or Reconsi+eration o% t!e A,%onso soses !o a,,ege+ t!at it! t!e assage o% Mntin,a Ooning "r+inanceNo. 87)


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a,,ege+ togra!ica, error in "r+inance No. 87)A aea,e+ t!e +ecision o% t!e "%%ice o% t!e Presi+ent to t!e #A. (oever$ t!e #ort o% Aea,s agree+ it! t!e "%%ice o% t!e Presi+entt!at being mere, a recti%ing issance an+ not a reConing enactment$ t!e =estione+ Reso,tion +i+ not !ave to com, it! t!e man+atorre=irements o% notice an+ !earing.

ISSUES AND HOLDING:

G.R. No. 744579 /T!is is t!e t!ir+ etition$ bt #ort +eci+e+ to %ocs on t!is %irst since t!e va,i+it o% Mntin,a Reso,tion No. 84)7;8 imingeson t!e isse o% t!e ,ega,it o% oerating a gra+e sc!oo, in t!e sbect roert$ !ic! is t!e main isse in G.R. Nos. 7A conten+s.

T!e rose o% Mntin,a Reso,tion No. 84)7;8 is c,ear, set %ort! in its !ereas c,ases.&ven more te,,ing t!at t!ere as in+ee+ atogra!ica, error in Aen+iB 3 o% "r+inanceNo. 87)


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3oar+ o% #ommissioners arove+ t!e "%%icia,Ooning Ma o% Mntin,a. Frt!ermore$ t!ever reason %or t!e enactment o% Mntin,aOoning "r+inance No. 87)A t!at t!e #ort o%Aea,s$ t!e cort t!at as %irst to reeBaminet!e case at bar$ a%%irme+ t!e Decision o% t!e"%%ice o% t!e Presi+ent$ !ic! !a+ set asi+e t!e


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agenc. a+ministrative agencies on matters ertaining tot!eir ris+iction i,, genera,, not be +istrbe+ bt!e corts.

(*KR3 r,ing. T!e at!orit o% t!e (*KR3 iscertain, sbor+inate to t!at o% t!e "%%ice o% t!ePresi+ent an+ t!e acts o% t!e %ormer ma be setasi+e b t!e ,atter. Frt!ermore$ !i,e it is tret!at corts i,, not inter%ere in matters !ic! area++resse+ to t!e son+ +iscretion o%

government agencies entrste+ it! t!ereg,ation o% activities coming n+er t!e secia,tec!nica, 1no,e+ge an+ training o% sc!agencies$ it s!o,+ be note+ t!at t!e (*KR3an+ t!e t!en MM# ere bot! tas1e+ to reg,atet!e reConing o% t!e Metroo,itan Mani,a area.T!e t!en Mnicia,it o% Mntin,a sbmitte+Reso,tion No. 84)7;8 to bot! t!e (*KR3 an+t!e MM# %or t!eir aroriate action. T!e MM#arove+ Mntin,a Reso,tion No. 84)7;8$an+ t!is arova, s!o,+ be given more eig!tt!an t!e +isarova, o% t!e (*KR3 since it as

t!e MM# itse,% !ic! isse+ t!e Kni%ormGi+e,ines %or t!e ReConing o% t!e Metroo,itanMani,a Area /MM# Reso,tion No. 72$ -eries o%7887$ t!e issance a,,ege+ b AA>A to !avebeen vio,ate+ b t!e Mnicia,it o% Mntin,a.

G.R. No. 7


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c!i,+ren. A=ino$ et a,.$ a,,eges t!atT*# is t!e on, e+cationa,instittion in t!e P!i,iines t!ato%%ers a %,,)inc,sion rogram$a++ing t!at ot!er sc!oo,s o%%er on,artia, integration rograms !erein

c!i,+ren it! secia, nee+s oin t!eirtica,, +eve,oing c,assmateson, in certain c,asses.

t!e +enia, o% t!eir Motion %or *eave to Intervenebe%ore t!e tria, cort.

'!i,e e smat!iCe it! t!e ,ig!t o% t!e minorintervenors$ e cannot a,,o t!at a rogramcommence+ b t!e +e%en+ants /AA>A a

beon+ t!e instittion o% t!e case in 7882 co,+be consi+ere+ as a va,i+ +e%ense. To +o soo,+ t into t!e !an+s o% t!e +e%en+ant in acase t!e oer to intro+ce ne isses to a,itigation on aea, it! t!e assistance o%intervenors.

G.R. No. 7


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an instittiona, site$ as er t!e c,assi%ication o%t!e sbect roert b virte o% "r+inance No.87)


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t!e sbect reso,tion@

In t!e case at bar$ as observe+ b t!e #ort o%Aea,s$ t!e sbect roert$ t!og! +ec,are+as an instittiona, ,ot$ nevert!e,ess ,ies it!in aresi+entia, sb+ivision an+ is srron+e+ b

resi+entia, ,ots. >eri,$ t!e area srron+ing T*#+i+ not n+ergo a ra+ica, c!ange simi,ar to t!atin "rtigas bt rat!er remaine+ re, resi+entia,to t!is +a. -igni%icant,$ t!e ,ot occie+ bT*# is ,ocate+ a,ong one o% t!e sma,,er roa+s/,ess t!an eig!t meters in i+t! it!in t!esb+ivision. It is n+erstan+ab,e ! A*I$ ast!e +eve,oer$ restricte+ se o% t!e sbect ,ot toa sma,,er$ rearator sc!oo, t!at i,, generate,ess tra%%ic t!an bigger sc!oo,s. 'it! itsoeration o% bot! a rearator an+ gra+esc!oo,$ T*#s st+ent o,ation !a+ a,rea+

se,,e+ to aron+ As an+ A*Is insistence on /7 t!een%orcement o% t!e Dee+ o% Restrictions or /2t!e obtainment o% t!e arova, o% t!e a%%ecte+resi+ents %or an mo+i%ication o% t!e Dee+ o%Restrictions is reasonab,e. "n t!e ot!er !an+$t!e t!en Mnicia,it o% Mntin,a +i+ notaear to !ave an secia, sti%ication %or+ec,aring t!e sbect ,ot as an instittiona,roert. "n t!e contrar$ &ngr. (ector -.3a,taCar$ t!e Mnicia, P,anning an+Deve,oment "%%icer o% Mnti,a$ testi%ie+ t!atin +ec,aring t!e sbect roert as instittiona,t!e mnicia,it sim, a+ote+ t!e c,assi%icationse+ in a Coning ma rorte+, sbmitte+ b

A*I itse,%. In ot!er or+s$ t!e mnicia,it asnot asserting an interest or Coning rosecontrar to t!at o% t!e sb+ivision +eve,oer in


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+ec,aring t!e sbect roert as instittiona,.

It is t!ere%ore roer to reconci,e t!e aarent,con%,icting rig!ts o% t!e arties !erein rsantto t!e a%orementione+ #o case. In #o$agric,tra, tenant Roaring$ %acing a +emo,ition

or+er$ %i,e+ a com,aint %or maintenance o%ossession it! t!e #ort o% Agrarian Re,ationso% SeCon #it. T!e ,an+oner c!a,,enge+ t!e

ris+iction o% t!e cort arging t!at t!ec,assi%ication o% t!e sbect roert t!erein %romagric,tra, to a ,ig!t in+stria, Cone. T!is #ort+enie+ t!e a,icabi,it o% t!e rec,assi%ication$an+ c,ari%ie+ "rtigas:

T!is is not to sggest t!at a Coning or+inancecannot a%%ect eBisting ,ega, re,ations!is %or it issett,e+ t!at it can ,ega,, +o so$ being an

eBercise o% t!e o,ice oer. As sc!$ it isserior to t!e imairment c,ase. In t!e caseo% "rtigas #o. v. Feati 3an1$ %or eBam,e$ e!e,+ t!at a mnicia, or+inance estab,is!ing acommercia, Cone co,+ va,i+, revo1e an ear,iersti,ation in a contract o% sa,e o% ,an+ ,ocate+ int!e area t!at it co,+ be se+ %or resi+entia,roses on,. In t!e case at bar$ %ortnate, %ort!e rivate reson+ent$ no simi,ar intention isc,ear, mani%este+. Accor+ing,$ e a%%irm t!evie t!at t!e Coning or+inance in =estion$ !i,eva,i+ as a o,ice measre$ as not inten+e+ toa%%ect eBisting rig!ts rotecte+ b t!e imairmentc,ase.

It is a,as a ise o,ic to reconci,e aarent,con%,icting rig!ts n+er t!e #onstittion an+ toreserve bot! instea+ o% n,,i%ing one againstt!e ot!er.

In Pres,e$ t!e Dee+ o% Restrictions o% 3e,)Airsb+ivision ,i1eise restricte+ its se %or a


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resi+entia, rose. (oever$ t!e area /Jiter-treet !ere t!e ,ot as ,ocate+ as ,aterrec,assi%ie+ into a !ig! +ensit commercia, /#)i,,age Association /3A>A sog!tto enoin etitioner t!erein %rom oerating its (otPan +e -a, -tore$ citing t!e Dee+ o%

Restrictions. 'e a,,oe+ t!e oeration o% t!e(ot Pan +e -a, -tore +esite t!e Dee+ o%Restrictions$ bt not it!ot eBamining t!esrron+ing area ,i1e !at e +i+ in "rtigas:

Jiter -treet !as been !ig!, commercia,iCe+since t!e assage o% "r+inance No. 97)07. T!erecor+s in+icate t!at commercia, bi,+ings$o%%ices$ restarants$ an+ stores !ave a,rea+srote+ in t!is area. 'e$ t!ere%ore$ see noreason ! t!e etitioner s!o,+ be sing,e+ otan+ ro!ibite+ %rom tting !er !ot an +e

sa, store. T!s$ in accor+ance it! t!e r,ing int!e -anga,ang case$ t!e reson+ent corts+ecision !as to be reverse+.

Frt!ermore$ e s!o,+ a,so ta1e note t!at int!e case o% Pres,e$ t!ere can be noreconci,iation beteen t!e restriction to se o%t!e roert as a resi+entia, area an+ itsrec,assi%ication as a !ig! +ensit commercia, /#)


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AA>As acts so as to bar t!e ,atter %rom insistingcom,iance it! t!e Dee+ o% Restrictions. Itcannot be sai+ t!at AA>A abrogate+ t!e Dee+ o%Restrictions. Neit!er co,+ it be +eeme+estoe+ %rom see1ing t!e en%orcement o% sai+restrictions.

Disositive Portion )?his is reall! lon%*:

T!is #ort !ereb reso,ves to a%%irm it! mo+i%ication t!e Decision an+ Reso,tion o% t!e #ort o% Aea,s in #A)G.R. #> No. 5708 inso%ar ast!e reinstate+ t!e J, 22$ 7884 RT# Decision or+ering t!e +e%en+ants in #ivi, #ase No. 82)2850 to cease an+ +esist %rom t!e oeration o% t!e*earning #!i,+ -c!oo, beon+ nrser an+ 1in+ergarten c,asses. Prsant to Mntin,a "r+inance No. 87)


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TRIA* #"KRT DI-P"-ITI"N

T!e tria, cort +ismisse+ t!e com,aint !o,+ing t!at t!e sbect restrictions ere sbor+inate to Mnicia, Reso,tion No. 2;. It re+icate+ its

conc,sion on t!e eBercise o% o,ice oer o% t!e sai+ mnicia,it$ an+ stresse+ t!at rivate interest s!o,+ bo +on to genera, interest an+

e,%are. T!e tria, cort +ecision %rt!er em!asiCe+ t!at it assmes sai+ reso,tion to be va,i+$ consi+ering t!at t!ere is no isse raise+ b eit!er

o% t!e arties as to !et!er t!e same is n,, an+ voi+.

ISSUE PETITIONERSCONTENTION

RESPONDENTSCONTENTION

SUPREME COURT

'"NReso,tion No.2; s)780 is ava,i+ eBerciseo% o,ice oer

No +iscssion No +iscssion T!e contention t!at t!e tria, cort erre+ in sstaining t!e va,i+it o% Reso,tion No. 2; asan eBercise o% o,ice oer is it!ot merit. In t!e %irst ,ace$ t!e va,i+it o% t!e sai+reso,tion as never =estione+ be%ore it.

3t$ assming argen+o t!at it is not et too ,ate to raise t!e isse$ e are o% t!eoinion t!at its ostre is nsstainab,e.

-ection


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interretation ,i1eise revea,s t!at t!e im,ie+ oer o% a mnicia,it s!o,+ be,ibera,, constre+ in its %avor an+ t!at /An %air an+ reasonab,e +obt as to t!eeBistence o% t!e oer s!o,+ be interrete+ in %avor o% t!e ,oca, government an+ its!a,, be resme+ to eBist. T!e same section %rt!er man+ates t!at t!e genera,e,%are c,ase be ,ibera,, interrete+ in case o% +obt$ so as to give more oer to,oca, governments in romoting t!e economic con+itions$ socia, e,%are an+ materia,

rogress o% t!e eo,e in t!e commnit.

T!e on, eBcetions n+er -ection 72 are eBisting veste+ rig!ts arising ot o% a contractbeteen a rovince$ cit or mnicia,it on one !an+ an+ a t!ir+ art on t!e ot!er$ in!ic! case t!e origina, terms an+ rovisions o% t!e contract s!o,+ govern. T!eeBcetions$ c,ear,$ +o not a, in t!e case at bar.

'"N t!eReso,tion cann,,i% orserse+e t!econtracta,ob,igations

assme+ b+e%en+ant)ae,,ee.

-ai+ reso,tioncannot n,,i%t!e contracta,ob,igationsassme+ b t!e+e%en+ant)

ae,,ee Ere%erring to t!erestrictionsincororate+ int!e +ee+s o%sa,e an+ ,ater int!ecorreson+ingTrans%er#erti%icates o%

De%en+ant)ae,,eemaintains t!at t!earea a,ong t!eestern art o%&D-A %rom -!a

3o,evar+ toPasig River$ !asbeen +ec,are+ acommercia, an+in+stria, Cone$er Reso,tionNo. 2;$ +ate+Febrar 4$ 780o% t!e Mnicia,#onci, o%

'!i,e non)imairment o% contracts is constittiona,, garantee+$ t!e r,e is notabso,te$ since it !as to be reconci,e+ it! t!e ,egitimate eBercise o% o,ice oer$ i.e.$t!e oer to rescribe reg,ations to romote t!e !ea,t!$ mora,s$ eace$ e+cation$goo+ or+er or sa%et an+ genera, e,%are o% t!e eo,e.

Invariab, +escribe+ as t!e most essentia,$ insistent$ an+ i,,imitab,e o% oers an+ in

a sense$ t!e greatest an+ most oer%, attribte o% government$ t!e eBercise o% t!eoer ma be +icia,, in=ire+ into an+ correcte+ on, i% it is caricios$ !imsica,$nst or nreasonab,e$ t!ere !aving been a +enia, o% +e rocess or a vio,ation o% anot!er a,icab,e constittiona, garantee.

Po,ice oer is e,astic an+ mst be resonsive to varios socia, con+itions6 it is not$con%ine+ it!in narro circmscritions o% rece+ents resting on ast con+itions6 itmst %o,,o t!e ,ega, rogress o% a +emocratic a o% ,i%e.

Reso,tion No. 2;$ s)780 +ec,aring t!e estern art o% &D-A %rom -!a 3o,evar+ to

)E*. . Rules for the Interpretation of the Local Autonomy Act.

. Implied po-er of a pro#ince, a city or municipality shall !e li!erally construed in its fa#or. Any fair and reasona!le dou!t as to

the e$istence of the po-er should !e interpreted infa#or of the local go#ernment and it shall !e presumed to e$ist.

. 5he general -elfare clause !e li!erally interpreted in case of local go#ernments in promoting the economic condition, social

-elfare and material progress of the people in the community.

. ested rights e$isting at the time of the promulgation of this arising out of a contract !et-een a pro#ince, city or municipality

on one hand and third party on the other, should !e go#erned !y the original terms and pro#isions of the same, and in no case

-ould this act infringe e$isting right.


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Tit,e isse+ to+e%en+ant)ae,,ee

Man+a,ong$RiCa,

t!e Pasig River as an in+stria, an+ commercia, Cone$ as obvios, asse+ b t!eMnicia, #onci, o% Man+a,ong$ RiCa, in t!e eBercise o% o,ice oer to sa%egar+ orromote t!e !ea,t!$ sa%et$ eace$ goo+ or+er an+ genera, e,%are o% t!e eo,e in t!e,oca,it.

J+icia, notice ma be ta1en o% t!e con+itions revai,ing in t!e area$ esecia,, !ere

,ots Nos. 5 an+ are ,ocate+. T!e ,ots t!emse,ves not on, %ront t!e !ig!a6 in+stria,an+ commercia, com,eBes !ave %,oris!e+ abot t!e ,ace. &D-A$ a main tra%%ic arter!ic! rns t!rog! severa, cities an+ mnicia,ities in t!e Metro Mani,a area$ sortsan en+,ess stream o% tra%%ic an+ t!e res,ting activit$ noise an+ o,,tion are !ar+,con+cive to t!e !ea,t!$ sa%et or e,%are o% t!e resi+ents in its rote. (aving beeneBress, grante+ t!e oer to a+ot Coning an+ sb+ivision or+inances or reg,ations$t!e mnicia,it o% Man+a,ong$ t!rog! its Mnicia, conci,$ as reasonab,$ i% noter%ect,$ sti%ie+ n+er t!e circmstances$ in assing t!e sbect reso,tion.


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Digester: Dave #aga!astian

)ocial Justice )ociety #. AtienBa//< March ectan+ !a,*! )et'$d.

T!e =estione+ or+inances !aving been enacte+ it! t!e obective o% re,ieving tra%%ic congestion in t!e #it o% *cena$ t!e invo,ve b,ic


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interest arranting t!e inter%erence o% t!e -tate. T!e %irst re=isite %or t!e roer eBercise o% o,ice oer is t!s resent.

(oever as to ,a%, met!o+ -# sas:

T!e or+inances assai,e+ !erein are c!aracteriCe+ b overbrea+t!. T!e go beon+ !at is reasonab, necessar to so,ve t!e tra%%ic rob,em.A++itiona,,$ since t!e com,sor se o% t!e termina, oerate+ b etitioner o,+ sbect t!e sers t!ereo% to %ees$ renta,s an+ c!arges$ sc!

measre is n+, oressive$ as correct, %on+ b t!e ae,,ate cort. '!at s!o,+ !ave been +one as to +etermine eBact, !ere t!e

rob,em ,ies an+ t!en to sto it rig!t t!ere.

T!e tre ro,e o% #onstittiona, *a is to e%%ect an e=i,ibrim beteen at!orit an+ ,ibert so t!at rig!ts

Documents

Locgov 2nd Batch Digest