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LOAD ANGLE MEASUREMENT USING SCADA A UNIQUE VISUALISATION TOOL FOR GRID OPERATION. S.P.KUMAR CM(SCADA-IT) SRLDC, POWER GRID. NATIONAL GRID QUICK FACTS. REGIONAL GRIDS. INSTALLED CAPACITY NORTHERN :- 33,782 MW EASTERN :- 16,680 MW SOUTHERN :- 37,054 MW - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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LOAD ANGLE MEASUREMENT USING SCADA
A UNIQUE VISUALISATION TOOL FOR GRID OPERATION
S.P.KUMARCM(SCADA-IT)
SRLDC, POWER GRID
NATIONAL GRID
QUICK FACTS
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INSTALLED CAPACITY
NORTHERN :- 33,782 MW
EASTERN :- 16,680 MW
SOUTHERN :- 37,054 MW
WESTERN :- 34,867 MW
NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,443 MW
TOTAL(APPROX) 125,000 MW
REGIONAL GRIDS
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
1
2
WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS
30,500 MW
16,00037,140 MW
36,584 MW
Installed capacity & Inter regional links Inter regional
LinkMW capacity
NER-ER 1,850
ER-NR 2,700
ER-SR 1,200
ER-WR 1,650
SR-WR 1,200
WR-NR 900
Talcher Kolar HVDC Bipole
2,000
Total as on 31.08.06
11,500
Target for 2012
37,500
Two synchronous systems-North-Central & South
34,307 MW
16,478 MW
2,404 MW
Installed Generation CapacityCurrent : 126,994 MWTarget for Year 2012 : 200,000 MW
Figures as on 31-Aug-2006
Coal
Hydro
Energy Resource Map
OVERVIEW OF SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID
SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
ANDHRA PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
KARNATAKA
KE
RA
LA
POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)
AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)
INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 36,784 MW(29.5%)
WEATHER :- South-west monsoon
North-east monsoon
SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
A.PKAR
TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW
TYPICAL
GENERATOR
SPREAD
IN SR
UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
THERMAL (500 MW) 2 8 10
THERMAL
(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45
GAS/THERMAL
(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24
HYDRO
(>50 MW)27 29 16 15 87
TOTAL 48 38 19 38 165
- HYDRO
- THERMAL
- GAS / NAPTHA
- NUCLEAR
LOAD 500-1500 MW
LOAD 200-500 MW
TYPICAL
LOAD
SPREAD
IN SR
KHAMMAM
VIJAYAWADANAGARJUNASAGAR
GAZUWAKA
HYDERABAD
RAICHUR
GOOTY
HOODY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
MADRAS
NEYVELI
CUDDAPAH
DAVANAGERE
RAMAGUNDAM
BANGALORE
MUNIRABAD
PP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
PP
P
KOLAR
63
HOSUR
1
60
P
NELLORE
NELAMANGALA
KURNOOL
KALPAKKA
SIMHADRI
HIRIYUR
TALAGUPPA
MAMIDIPALLY
SRI SAILAM
-- OF NTPC
-- OF ANDHRA PRADESH
-- OF TAMIL NADU
-- OF NLC
-- OF POWERGRID
400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR
NEYVELI TPS I (EXP)
POWERGRID STATE OTHERS TOTAL
AP 8 9 2 19
KAR 6 5 1 12
KER 2 2
TN 6 1 2 9
TOTAL 22 15 5 42
TRIVENDRUM
NARENDRA
VEMAGIRIGMR
JEGRUPADU EXTN
MEHA BOOB NAGAR
CHITTOOR
-- OF NPC
KAIGA
MYSORE
-- OF KARNATAKA
ALMATHI
MONSOONS
SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST
MONSOON
BACK
SR QUICK FACTS
• INSTALLED CAPACITY 37054 MW
– THERMAL: HYDRO 67:33
• PEAK DEMAND MET ≈ 23,000 MW
• MAX DAILY CONSUMPTION 525 MU
NUCLEAR STATION
KHAMMAM
VIJAYAWADAN’SAGAR
GAZUWAKA HYDERABAD
RAICHUR
GOOTY
BANGALORE
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
MADRAS
NEYVELI
GUTTUR
KAIGA
RSTPP
BHADRAVATI
`HOODY
MUNIRABAD
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
PP
P
P
N
KOLAR
TALCHER
JEYPORE
HOSUR
SSLMM
MMDP
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
NELLORE
NELAMANGALA
KURNOOL
KALPAKKA
SIMHADRI
HIRIYURTALGUPPA
KADAPA
1000 MW HVDC BACK TO BACK LINK
2000 MW HVDC BIPOLE
500 KV HVDC LINE
400 KV LINE POWERGRID
400 KV LINE APTRANSCO
400 KV LINE KPTCL
400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV
THERMAL GENERATING STATION
NEYVELI TPS – 1 (EXP)
400KV SUB-STATION
NARENDRA
MAHABOOB NAGAR
CHITTOOR
VEMAGIRI
GVKGMR
MAPS
SRLDC, BANGALORE
MARCH 2006
Grid Performance77
57
72 1
53
72 13 4
0 0 0
74
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Total Minor Major
Number of Grid Disturbances
have come down
High Transmission System
Availability98.28 98.29
98.64
99.17
99.64
97
98
99
100
1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2005-06
LOAD ANGLE
AN EMPIRICAL TOOL
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
• ‘Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact.’
---------------------------------------VLPGO ’05, WG1
STABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Power System
Stability
Thermal
Overloading
Rotor Angle
Stability
Small-Disturbance
Angle Stability
Transient
Stability
Frequency
Stability
Voltage
Stability
Large-
Disturbance
Voltage Stability
Small-
Disturbance
Voltage Stability
Cascading Blackouts
VLPGO 2005 WG1
WHY DO WE NEED A LOAD ANGLE DISPLAY ?
• SOUTHERN REGION WAS PLAGUED BY LOW VOLTAGES, HEAVILY LOADED LINES, LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS
• SKEWED LOADING ON LINES DUE TO LARGE DISTANCES BETWEEN LOAD AND GENERATION
• OPERATOR COULD NOT PERCIEVE HOW NEAR TO THE PRECIPE HE WAS
• SEPARATIONS/ GRID DISTURBANCES WAS THE ORDER OF THE DAY
• INTER AREA OSCILLATIONS WERE NOTICED FREQUENTLY• DECREASING GENERATION/LOAD SHEDDING IN SELECTED
PLACES HELPED ALLEVIATE THESE SYMPTOMS• LOAD ANGLE WAS CALCULATED AND STORED
– MANY DISTURBANCES WERE ANALYSED AND AN EMPIRICAL LIMIT WAS CONCIEVED
– LOAD ANGLE FOR EACH CRITICAL LINE AND CORRIDOR IS DISPLAYED
LOAD ANGLE- VISUAL DISPLAY
• DATA FROM ALL STATIONS ARE AVAILABLE AT 10 SEC REFRESH RATE
• COMPUTATION OF ANGLE IS DONE AT RSCC SERVER
• LINE WISE AND CORRIDOR WISE LOAD ANGLE DISPLAY IS GIVEN TO OPERATOR
• GENERALLY LIMITED TO 50O FOR CORRIDOR AND 20O FOR SINGLE HOP FOR CRITICAL LINKS
LOADANGLE AND POWERLEVEL RELATION FOR DIFFERENT LINE LENGTHS
Power Level in MW
Lo
ad A
ng
le i
n d
eg
rees
0
5
10
15
20
25
100 200 300 400 500 600
350KM line200KM line100KM line
Loadangle and Voltage (Receiving end) relation for different line lengths
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
400 390 380 370 360 350 340 330 320 310 300
VOLTAGE AT RECEIVING END
Lo
ad A
ng
le in
deg
rees
350KM line200KM line100KM line
Load Angle Between Ramagundam and Neyveli Typical day plot
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
650 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Time in hrs
An
gle
in d
egre
es
LOAD CHANGE OVER BY AP SKEWS LOADING PATTERN
LOAD ANGLE OF RGM-NLY DURING A SYSTEM SEPARATION
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
HOURS------------>
LO
AD
AN
GL
E I
N D
EG
RE
E
SYSTEM SEPARATION POINT
CHART SHOWING LOAD ANGLE WITH REFERENCE TO SIMHADRI BUS AT VARIOUS STATIONS FOR DIFFERENT POWERFLOW BETWEEN AP-KAR AND KER -TN SYSTEM
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
SIMHADRI GAZUWAKA VIJAYAWADA NELLORE SRIPERUMBUDUR NEYVELI
STATIONS
AN
GU
LAR
DIF
FER
AN
CE
IN D
EGR
EES
900MW
1100MW
1350MW
1550MW
CHART SHOWING LOAD ANGLE WITH REFERENCE TO RAMAGUNDAM BUS AT VARIOUS STATIONS FOR DIFFERENT POWERFLOW BETWEEN AP-KAR AND KER -TN SYSTEM
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
RAMAGUNDAM N'SAGAR CUDDAPAH SRIPERUMBUDUR NEYVELI
AN
GU
LAR
DIF
FER
AN
CE
IN
DEG
RE
ES
900MW
1100MW
1350MW
1550MW
1550MW WITH A TRUNKLINEOUT
Visualization Techniques
Inputs used
• Vindhyachal North Bus L-L Voltage.• Angular Separation between Vindhyachal
North Bus and West Bus. ( Available through Phase angle transducer having one input through R-Phase
North Bus and another through R-Phase West Bus having range only up to 60 degree)
• Phasor Voltage difference between Vindhyachal North Bus and West Bus ( Available through voltage transducer having one input through R-Phase North Bus and another through R-Phase West Bus)